DOCSLIB.ORG

Existing Waste Disposal Site Henties Bay Erongo Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Existing Waste Disposal Site Henties Bay Erongo Region APP-0073 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EXISTING WASTE DISPOSAL SITE HENTIES BAY ERONGO REGION APRIL 2019 CONSULTANT: PROPONENT: Matrix Consulting Services Municipality of Henties Bay P.O. Box 25824 Windhoek P.O. Box 61, Henties Bay Tel: +264-61-224197 Tel: +264 64 502000 Fax: +264-61-212165 Fax: +264 64 502001 May 2019 This document is for the use of MUNICIPALITY OF HENTIES BAY only and may not be transmitted to any other party, in whole or in part, in any form without written consent permission from Matrix Consulting Services TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 5 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................... 6 3. PROJECT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................ 7 3.1 Project Rationale.................................................................................................................................................... ............. 7 3.2 Waste Disposal Activities................................................................................................................................................. 8 4. CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) ........................................................................................ 10 5. ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 11 6. DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES ........................................................................................................... 11 6.1 No-Go Alternative.................................................................................................................................................... ........ 11 6.2 Process Alternative............................................................................................................................................... .......... 12 6.3 Site Alternative......................................................................................................................................................... ......... 12 7. SCOPE OF THE EIA ......................................................................................................................................... 15 8. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................. 15 9. STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................... 15 9.1 National Legislative Requirements..................................................................................................................... ..... 15 9.2 International Conventions and Regulations................................................................................................ ......... 19 10. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE STUDY AREA ................................................................................ 20 10.1 Location and Land Use............................................................................................................................................. ...... 20 10.2 Topography and Surface Water........................................................................................................................... ...... 20 10.3 Climate....................................................................................................................................................................... ........... 20 10.4 Geology of the Area............................................................................................................................................... .......... 21 10.5 General ecology of the Area.........................................................................................................................................22 11. Socio-Economic Aspects........................................................................................................................................ ....... 25 12. STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION.............................................................................................................. 29 13. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION ............................................................................................. 31 13.1 Construction Activities of the Waste Disposal Site............................................................................................ 31 13.2 Operational Activities of the Waste Disposal Site...............................................................................................35 13.3 Decommissioning Activities of the Waste Disposal Site...................................................................................38 14. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ............................................................................................................................... 39 15. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................... 39 16. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................. 40 17. REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................... 41 List of Tables Table 1. Climate Data ......................................................................................................................... 20 Table 2. Interviewed Stakeholders/I&APS ................................................................................. 30 Table 3. Impact Evaluation Criterion ........................................................................................... 31 List of Figures Figure 1: New Landfill project location .......................................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Environmental Assessment Procedure of Namibia .............................................. 18 Figure 3. Geological and Hydrogeological map ......................................................................... 22 Figure 4: Vegetation map of the area ............................................................................................ 23 1 EIA and EMP reports for the Henties Bay existing waste disposal site Matrix Consulting Services Appendices Appendix A Environmental management plan Appendix B Background Information Document Appendix C Landfill Designs – Cross Sections Appendix D Newspaper adverts Appendix E Public Meeting Minutes Appendix F Lead Consultant Resumes List of Abbreviations CDM Clean Development Mechanism EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMA Environmental Management Act EMS Environmental Management System ESA Environmental Scoping Assessment I&Aps Interested and Affected Parties LFG Landfill Gas PPPPs Projects, Plans, Programmes and Policies 2 EIA and EMP reports for the Henties Bay existing waste disposal site Matrix Consulting Services GLOSSARY ALIEN INVASIVE Plants that do not naturally occur in an area. These plants are also PLANTS referred to as exotic plants. CONSTRUCTION Any action taken by the contractor, his sub-contractors, suppliers ACTIVITY or personnel during the operational phase and possible decommissioning phase of the project ENVIRONMENT an interconnected system of natural and human-made elements such as land, water and air; all living organisms and matter arising from nature, cultural, historical, artistic, economic and social heritage and values. ENVIRONMENTAL A management process which seeks to ensure, as far as possible, MANAGEMENT that no avoidable impact is caused to the environment and that when this is unavoidable that the consequences are understood prior to the impact being caused and that the impact is then mitigated as far as possible. EXTRACTION the removal of gas from a landfill site by means of a network of pipes connected to a header and the gas sucking system GROUNDWATER Water located beneath the earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations HAZARDOUS WASTE Waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment. LANDFILL GAS a combination of gases that form as a result of the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste in a landfill site MITIGATION The implementation of practical measures to reduce adverse impacts or enhance beneficial impacts. NO-GO AREA Areas where all construction activities and related matters are prohibited. POLLUTION Any change in the environment caused by substances, radioactive or other waves; or noise, odours, dust or heat, emitted from any activity, including the storage or treatment of waste or substances, construction and the provision of services, whether engaged in by any person or an organ of state, where that change has an adverse effect on human health or well-being or on the composition, resilience and productivity of natural or managed ecosystems, or on materials useful to people, or will have such an effect in the future. REHABILITATION Restoring the disturbed area to more or less the natural set up. SITE An area of ground where the waste disposal is located. 3 EIA and EMP reports for the Henties Bay existing waste disposal site Matrix
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multiparty Democracy and Elections in Namibia
    MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS IN NAMIBIA ––––––––––––– ❑ ––––––––––––– Published with the assistance of NORAD and OSISA ISBN 1-920095-02-0 Debie LeBeau 9781920 095024 Edith Dima Order from: [email protected] EISA RESEARCH REPORT No 13 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 i MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS IN NAMIBIA ii EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 iii MULTIPARTY DEMOCRACY AND ELECTIONS IN NAMIBIA BY DEBIE LEBEAU EDITH DIMA 2005 iv EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 Published by EISA 2nd Floor, The Atrium 41 Stanley Avenue, Auckland Park Johannesburg, South Africa 2006 P O Box 740 Auckland Park 2006 South Africa Tel: 27 11 482 5495 Fax: 27 11 482 6163 Email: [email protected] www.eisa.org.za ISBN: 1-920095-02-0 EISA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of EISA. First published 2005 EISA is a non-partisan organisation which seeks to promote democratic principles, free and fair elections, a strong civil society and good governance at all levels of Southern African society. –––––––––––– ❑ –––––––––––– Cover photograph: Yoruba Beaded Sashes Reproduced with the kind permission of Hamill Gallery of African Art, Boston, MA USA EISA Research Report, No. 13 EISA RESEARCH REPORT NO 13 v CONTENTS List of acronyms viii Acknowledgements x Preface xi 1. Background to multiparty democracy in Namibia 1 Historical background 1 The electoral system and its impact on gender 2 The ‘characters’ of the multiparty system 5 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Authority Elections Results and Allocation of Seats
    1 Electoral Commission of Namibia 2020 Local Authority Elections Results and Allocation of Seats Votes recorded per Seats Allocation per Region Local authority area Valid votes Political Party or Organisation Party/Association Party/Association Independent Patriots for Change 283 1 Landless Peoples Movement 745 3 Aranos 1622 Popular Democratic Movement 90 1 Rally for Democracy and Progress 31 0 SWANU of Namibia 8 0 SWAPO Party of Namibia 465 2 Independent Patriots for Change 38 0 Landless Peoples Movement 514 3 Gibeon 1032 Popular Democratic Movement 47 0 SWAPO Party of Namibia 433 2 Independent Patriots for Change 108 1 Landless People Movement 347 3 Gochas 667 Popular Democratic Movement 65 0 SWAPO Party of Namibia 147 1 Independent Patriots for Change 97 1 Landless peoples Movement 312 2 Kalkrand 698 Popular Democratic Movement 21 0 Hardap Rally for Democracy and Progress 34 0 SWAPO Party of Namibia 234 2 All People’s Party 16 0 Independent Patriots for Change 40 0 Maltahöhe 1103 Landless people Movement 685 3 Popular Democratic Movement 32 0 SWAPO Party of Namibia 330 2 *Results for the following Local Authorities are under review and will be released as soon as this process has been completed: Aroab, Koës, Stampriet, Otavi, Okakarara, Katima Mulilo Hardap 2 Independent Patriots for Change 180 1 Landless Peoples Movement 1726 4 Mariental 2954 Popular Democratic Movement 83 0 Republican Party of Namibia 59 0 SWAPO Party of Namibia 906 2 Independent Patriots for Change 320 0 Landless Peoples Movement 2468 2 Rehoboth Independent Town
    [Show full text]
  • The Roads Authorty Annual Report
    THE ROADS AUTHORTY ANNUAL REPORT CONTACT US WEB PHYSICAL ADDRESS Telephone: +264 61 284 7000 www.ra.org.na Corner of Mandume Ndemufayo Email: [email protected] and David Meroro Street, Southern Industrial Area THE ROADS AUTHORITY (RA) ANNUAL REPORT The Roads Authority, whose core business is to plan, design, construct and maintain Namibia's road sector and the operation of vehicles on national roads, plays a pivotal role in road safety in Namibia. Namibia's road network has been ranked among the safest, most efficient and sustainable, in Africa and is the envy of many countries. The growth of the road infrastructure and the expansion of the road network have contributed immensely to the economic development of Namibia and the SADC sub- region as a whole. TABLE OF CONTENTS VISION, MISSION AND VALUES 4 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 6 CHAIRPERSON'S STATEMENT 8 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 10 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 12 CEO'S STATEMENT 14 SUMMARY: RA PERFORMANCE 16 ENGINEERING SERVICES 18 TRANSPORT REGULATORY AND INSPECTORATE 32 CORPORATE SERVICES 52 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 56 VISION MISSION VALUES BRAND PROMISE OUR CORE VALUES R O RESPECT OPEN COMMUNICATION We believe that there is We believe that people who strength in diverse teams. connect and share information Therefore, we respect people freely are enabled to align THE ROADS AUTHORITY from all walks of life. towards achieving shared goals. Therefore, we commit DEFINED FIVE (5) CORE to share relevant information VALUES, ILLUSTRATED BY in an open and transparent manner. THE ACRONYM ROADS: 04 THE ROADS AUTHORITY ANNUAL REPORT 2018/19 OUR VISION A sustainable road sector which is ahead of national and regional socio-economic needs in pursuit of Namibia’s Vision 2030.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN SOILS OF THE WALVIS BAY – HENTIES BAY COASTAL AREA, NAMIBIA. A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY SIMON ANDREW SHIMBOYO JANUARY 2013 Supervisor: Professor James Akindele Oyedele (University of Namibia) ii ABSTRACT Naturally occurring radionuclides such as 238U, 232Th and 40K are present in the soil where they disintegrate spontaneously releasing ionizing radiation which could pose health hazards to the inhabitants of a given location especially when the concentrations of the radionuclides are high. In Namibia, the Walvis Bay – Henties Bay coastal area is known to have many mineral resources including uranium and therefore the concentrations of the radionuclides in the soils and the associated radioactivity may be high in some towns in the area. It is therefore important to study the concentrations of radionuclides and the radioactivity in the soils of the major towns in the area. In this study, the concentrations of the radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K and their progeny, and their contribution to natural radioactivity in the soils of six major towns in the Walvis Bay – Henties Bay coastal area have been determined. These towns are Usakos, Arandis, Swakopmund, Walvis Bay, Wlotzkasbaken and Henties Bay. A total of 305 soil samples were collected across the six towns and dried under laboratory temperature for 72 hours. These samples were pulverised and passed through a 2 mm mesh screen and sealed in 500 ml polythene bottles. The specific activities of the radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K in the samples were subsequently analysed using a well-shielded high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector.
    [Show full text]
  • Cape Cross Salt Mining
    ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES ON EXCLUSIVE PROSPECTING LICENCE EPL4185 AT WLOTZKASBAKEN January 2013 Prepared by: Gecko Namibia (Pty) Ltd Gecko House 8 Sinclair Road Windhoek, Namibia Reviewed by: Nam Enviro Management and Training Services cc Mutjinde Katjiua SUMMARY Gecko Namibia (Pty) Ltd, in the name of its subsidiary Gecko Salt (Pty) Ltd holds EPL4185 which covers 75,335 hectares of coastal desert plains from north of Swakopmund to just south of the Henties Bay peri-urban area. Gecko intends to establish the “Vision Industrial Park” and harbour within the area. The development will require a large amount of fine and coarse aggregate material as well as armour stone for the construction of a breakwater facility. Besides the envisaged VIP development, Gecko is in the process of exploring a number of high-grade marble occurrences on this EPL. As part of the EPL4185 falls within the Dorob National Park, Gecko is submitting this EIA together with Environmental Questionnaires and other prescribed documentation in application for an Environmental Clearance Certificate under the Environmental Management Act of 2007. The company has drawn up an Environmental Management Plan for the prospecting operations and is currently in the process of implementing those measures. Management and exterior control on the adherence of the proposed mitigation actions are considered important tools in preventing negative environmental impacts from the operations. Activities during the exploration phase include sampling, testing and exploratory drilling. The activities are temporary and are conducted at a small scale than those at the drilling/development, production, and decommissioning/reclamation phases.
    [Show full text]
  • The Urban Housing Crisis in Namibia: a Youth Perspective
    THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS IN NAMIBIA: EXPLORING A YOUTH PERSPECTIVE THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS IN NAMIBIA: A YOUTH PERSPECTIVE National Youth Council of Namibia (NYCN) i THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS IN NAMIBIA: EXPLORING A YOUTH PERSPECTIVE THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS IN NAMIBIA: A YOUTH PERSPECTIVE Editors: B.F. Bankie and H. Jauch Published in 2016 by the National Youth Council of Namibia (NYCN), Windhoek, Namibia PO Box 60956 Katutura Windhoek, Namibia Tel: (264) 61-248218/9 Fax: (264) 61-248322 Email: [email protected] © Copyright National Youth Council of Namibia 2016 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. ISBN: 978-99945-60-08-0 Cover design by R. Iinane Thanks go to Viola Zimunya for her assistance with the production of the book Design and layout: Masimba Gamira Printed by Printech ii THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS IN NAMIBIA: EXPLORING A YOUTH PERSPECTIVE Table Of Contents List of Acronyms 1 Foreword 3 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: Tracing the history of land dispossession in Namibia 9 1.1 Kletus Mukeua Likuwa: Land dispossession in Namibia 9 1.2 Discussion 22 Chapter 2: The Namibian Constitution and the legal framework 31 for land reform 2.1 Clever Mapaure: Does the Namibian Constitution aid or impede land reform in Namibia? 31 2.2 Maria Lukas: Corruption leads to unequal access, use and distribution of land 84 2.3 Discussion
    [Show full text]
  • Namibia Goes to Vote 2015
    ProducedElection by the Institute for Public Policy Research W (IPPR)atch Issue No. 6 2015 NAMIBIA GOES TO VOTE 2015 FILL IN YOUR OWN RECORD OF THE REGIONAL AND LOCAL AUTHORITY ELECTIONS n November 27 2015 Namibians go to vote in the Regional Council and Local Authority elections. 95 constituencies will be contested in the Regional Council elections while 26 are uncontested meaning the sole candidate standing wins the Regional Council seat. 52 Local Authorities will be contested while five are uncontested. This edition of the Election Watch bulletinO lists all the regional council candidates (below) and the parties/organisations standing in the local authority elections. You can fill out the election results as they are announced in the spaces provided. Follow the fortunes of your party and candidates and see who will be elected. Constituency for Total number Political party/independent Votes per Regional Council in of votes Full names candidate candidate respect of a Region recorded ERONGO REGION Surname First names Arandis /Gawaseb Elijah Hage United Democratic Front of Namibia Imbamba Benitha Swapo Party of Namibia Prins Andreas Independent Candidate Daures !Haoseb Joram United Democratic Front of Namibia Katjiku Ehrnst Swapo Party of Namibia Ndjiharine Duludi Uahindua DTA of Namibia Rukoro Manfred Verikenda National Unity Democratic Organisation Karibib Ndjago Melania Swapo Party of Namibia Nguherimu Christiaan Rally for Democracy and Progress Tsamaseb Zedekias United Democratic Front of Namibia Omaruru Hamuntenya Johannes Tuhafeni
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Swapo Party Election Manifesto
    2014 SWAPO PARTY ELECTION MANIFESTO CONSOLIDATING PEACE, STABILITY AND PROSPERITY 1 2 Inner Party Democracy At It’s Best 3 Message From The President 4 I am immensely honoured to present the SWAPO Party’s Manifesto for the 2014 Presidential and National Assembly Elections. This Manifesto, like others in the past, is designed to serves as a social contract between the Party and the Namibian people. The Manifesto is informed by our practical experiences and successes over the last 24 years as a governing Party. It is guided by the proud history of SWAPO Party as a broad-based national mass movement that spearheaded the struggle for freedom and independence. “In this In this Manifesto we set out the SWAPO Party’s vision for Namibia for the next five years. In so doing, we again seek a renewed mandate from Namibian voters during the manifesto upcoming elections to continue serving all our people, while consolidating the gains of the past 24 years. we set out Our vision is to further expand and spread the opportunities for growth and prosperity to be enjoyed by all Namibians in all parts of the country, with a specific focus on disadvantaged sections of the population. Over the past 24 years, the SWAPO Party the SWAPO Government has worked tirelessly and succeeded to bring about and maintain peace and stability, provide direction and take action in the implementation of our country’s Party’s vision development priorities. Under the SWAPO Party Government, our country has remained united. We have for Namibia enjoyed peace and stability.
    [Show full text]
  • Erongo Red Customer Service Charter Vision
    ERONGO RED CUSTOMER SERVICE CHARTER VISION Electricity for all by 2020 MISSION The distribution and supply of electricity within the Erongo Region VALUES Integrity Accountability Commitment Customer Focus Empowerment Teamwork SERVICES THAT OUR CUSTOMERS CAN EXPECT: HOW CAN A CUSTOMER COMPLAIN IF THINGS GO WRONG ? • Connection to the electricity supply and distribution grid where certain standards and conditions have been met. PERSONALLY WE WILL: • Information regarding tariffs, available connection types, account balances etc. • See / meet you within the agreed time. • Accurate, timely monthly invoice/statement. • By telephone we will: • Customer Care and pay points dealing with complaints and queries at the following towns: Swakopmund, Answer the telephone within less than three rings. Walvis Bay, Henties Bay, Omaruru, Usakos, Karibib, Uis and Arandis. Identify ourselves by name. STANDARDS TO BE MAINTAINED: Inform when you can expect a full response if we cannot resolve the query immediately. • To encourage and achieve the highest possible degree of compliance with the Standard Conditions for the Supply of Electricity, as set by the Electricity Control Board of Namibia, Electricity Act of Namibia, the standard conditions for the Supply of Electricity of Erongo RED and any National or International Standards IN WRITING WE WILL: that Erongo RED may institute. • Acknowledge your letter within two working days. • To achieve this, Erongo RED will determine the extent of compliance and the causes of non-compliance and shall take further action to correct the situation. • Respond to all queries within seven working days. • Complete and respond to your query within thirty days if the complexity of the matter requires more time and information in order for it to be resolved satisfactorily.
    [Show full text]
  • (SEA) for the Coastal Areas of the Erongo and Kunene Regions
    Ministry of Environment and Tourism Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the coastal areas of the Erongo and Kunene Regions Summary of the Study Report January 2008 Namibian Coast Conservation & Management Project – NACOMA CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 4 2. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 6 3. SEA ASSESSMENT - GENERAL............................................................................................. 8 4. SEA ASSESSMENT - SPECIFIC............................................................................................ 15 1.1. Erongo............................................................................................................................. 15 1.1.1. Sandwich Harbour................................................................................................... 15 1.1.2. Walvis Bay Wetland ................................................................................................ 15 1.1.3. Dune belt ................................................................................................................. 16 1.1.4. Walvis Bay............................................................................................................... 16 1.1.5. Swakopmund........................................................................................................... 17 1.1.6. Mile 4
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette Republic of Namibia
    GOVERNMENT GAZETTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIA N$14.40 WINDHOEK - 31 December 2015 No. 5916 CONTENTS Page GOVERNMENT NOTICES No. 317 Publication of results and particulars in respect of general elections for Local Authority Councils: Electoral Act, 2014 ................................................................................................................................ 1 No. 318 Publication of results and particulars in respect of general elections for Regional Councils: Electoral Act, 2014 ................................................................................................................................ 21 ________________ Government Notices ELECTORAL COMMISSION OF NAMIBIA No. 317 2015 PUBLICATION OF RESULTS AND PARTICULARS IN RESPECT OF GENERAL ELECTIONS FOR LOCAL AUTHORITY COUNCILS: ELECTORAL ACT, 2014 In terms of section 113(1) of the Electoral Act, 2014 (Act No. 5 of 2014), I publish the results and particulars of the announcement made and transmitted to the Commission in terms of section 112 of that Act in respect of the general election for members of local authority councils held on 27 November 2015, set out in the schedule as follows: (a) column 1 indicates the local authority area; (b) column 2 indicates the total number of votes counted for each local authority area; (c) column 3 indicates the appropriate quota determined in accordance with section 112(2)(a) (iii); (d) column 4 indicates the participating political party; 2 Government Gazette 31 December 2015 5916 (e) column 5 indicates the number of votes recorded in respect of each political party; (f) column 6 indicates the number of seats in the council determined in respect of each political party in accordance with section 112(2)(a)(iv)(bb) of that Act; and (g) column 7 indicates the names of the candidates of each political party declared as duly elected member of the local authority council concerned, under section 112(2)(b) of that Act with effect from 27 November 2015; N.
    [Show full text]
  • Dorob National Park
    Dorob National Park This area is known as an angler’s paradise, with kabeljou, Key management issues Future plans galjoen and steenbras the most prized species. But it Off-road driving is a major concern, particularly with regard The status of the area will be upgraded to that of a national also contains a few surprises. Extensive lichen fields are to uncontrolled use of 4x4 vehicles and quad-bikes. This park, and will be managed with the Walvis Bay and found north of Wlotzkasbaken and Cape Cross, while the leads to physical degradation and the destruction of unique Swakopmund area, which will also be proclaimed. This will Messum Crater in the north contains San rock paintings and habitats, especially of highly fragile lichen fields and breeding result in the creation of a mega-park, protecting the entire Park size 7 800 km² archaeological sites from Damara nomads. areas of endangered species, such as Damara Terns. Namibian coastline. Proclamation National West Coast Recreation Area in 1973 It is bordered to the north by the Ugab River and the Natural features The Atlantic coastline, gravel plains, sandy Tracks leave scars that can remain for centuries, affecting Skeleton Coast Park. The Omaruru River bisects it, while beaches with dune hummocks. Extensive lichen fields. the aesthetic qualities of the dunes and the surrounding the Swakop River is situated just south of its boundary. The Vegetation Namib Desert Biome. Vegetation type: Central gravel plains, reducing the attractiveness of the area as a towns of Henties Bay and Swakopmund are found within Desert. Pencil bush (Arthraerua leubnitzia), dollar bush recreational destination.
    [Show full text]