DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Temperature on Wheat-Pathogen Interactions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Effects of temperature on wheat-pathogen interactions Ruth Bryant A thesis submitted to the University of East Anglia for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy John Innes Centre September 2013 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any other information derived there from, may be published without the author’s prior, written consent 1 Abstract Climate change is affecting UK agriculture, and research is needed to prepare crops for the future. Wheat is the UK’s most important crop, and needs to be protected from losses caused by disease. While direct effect of the environment on pathogen spread is often reported, effect of the environment on host defence is not. Many wheat resistance genes are temperature sensitive and these were used as a starting point to investigate defence temperature sensitivity in wheat starting with yellow rust resistance gene Yr36, previously shown to be temperature-sensitive. The effect of temperature on resistance was shown to be independent of Yr36 in breeding line UC1041, and was more likely to be due to a previously-uncharacterised background temperature sensitivity. These results suggest that temperature changes, rather than thresholds, might influence some disease resistance mechanisms. Understanding this phenomenon could enable the breeding of more stable defence in crops. In order to gain further insight into how temperature changes influence resistance, plants were grown under different thermoperiods and challenged with different types of pathogens; Results showed that resistance to multiple pathogens in one cultivar Claire was enhanced under variable temperatures, compared to constant temperatures. Taken together, the research presented revealed that defence temperature sensitivity in plants is much more complex than previously thought, considering that both temperature changes and different thermoperiods can influence aspects of wheat defence. To ascertain which research approaches will be most valuable in preparing for climate change, the effect of the environment on take-all was also investigated. Vulnerable periods for wheat from the threat of take-all development were identified by analysing historical datasets, and controlled environment experiments. Results showed a relationship between initial post-sowing temperatures and spring take-all levels in 2nd 3rd or 4th winter wheats, depending on the location. The work on yellow rust resistance and take-all both identify vulnerable periods for wheat caused by the environment, be it weakening of host defence responses, or increased threat from disease pressure. Further characterisation and understanding of vulnerable periods will be essential to control disease outbreaks under an increasingly unstable climate. 2 Acknowledgements I’d firstly like to thank my supervisors, Chris Ridout and Steve Dorling for their support over the last four years. Thanks also go to Lesley Boyd for her yellow rust knowledge and especially Graham McGrann for much scientific discussion and guidance. In addition I am obliged to Manda Sansom of Monsanto Ltd for providing me with data from take-all trials and The electronic Rothamsted Archive (e-RA) for providing me with meteorological records. Thanks to Henry Creissen and Chris Burt for stats help and all the JI horticultural staff and technicians who do a wonderful job, and so did you in summer 2012 Alice Mitchell! I am also very grateful to Henk-jan who helped me in the lab on a day to day basis. Thank you Henkie for being both a friend and a very nice colleague, with all the time in the world to listen to my science woes. This also applies to Gary who made me feel welcome in the lab and office when I was new. Thank you for taking me to tea for the first time, and both you and Rob for taking me to tea on the many occasions after that. I’m grateful to my conference companions who were common to many of my congress goings and made them fun as well as a learning experience; Philippa, Nikolai, Nick, Laura and Albor. Although to this day I still insist that you didn’t wait for me on that train from London to Norwich, not the other way round. Thanks again go to Nikolai, and also Pauline, for the PhD Plant science retreat 2012. We were a good team and so were we Dan Tromans, during the SVC coalition. Thank you to all my family for your support and taking my mind off things. This is also true of friends, Philippa, Simon, Ellen, Rob, Lucy, Alice, Alastair, Doreen and Hadrien to name just a few. And Mike, right at the end, thank you for seeing me through the final months. The Norwich lindy hoppers also got me though some tough Mondays and will be missed, along with my allotment. And lastly I want to especially thank someone who was predominant in getting me here and for making me willing to try anything at least once. They know who they are. 3 Contents Contents Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 1: General introduction ............................................................................ 11 1.1 The disease triangle .................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Plant disease and climate change ............................................................................. 12 1.3 Climate change in the UK .......................................................................................... 14 1.4 Effect of environment on plant defence ................................................................... 16 1.5 Rust resistance as a model for investigating effect of temperature on wheat defence ..................................................................................................................... 21 1.6 Effect of environment on plant pathogens ............................................................... 24 1.7 Research aims ........................................................................................................... 27 1.7.1 Effect of temperature changes in defence against Pst ................................ 28 1.7.2 Impact of climate change on the incidence of take-all ................................ 29 Chapter 2: Materials and Methods ........................................................................ 30 2.1 Materials ................................................................................................................... 30 2.1.1 Plants ........................................................................................................... 30 2.1.2 Bacterial Strains ........................................................................................... 30 2.1.3 Fungal isolates ............................................................................................. 30 2.1.4 Chemicals and antibiotics ............................................................................ 30 2.1.5 Pathogen culture media and buffers ........................................................... 32 2.1.6 Plant growth media...................................................................................... 33 2.2 Methods .................................................................................................................... 34 2.2.1 Plant growth ................................................................................................ 34 2.2.2 Temperature regimes .................................................................................. 34 2.2.3 Pathogen isolation and maintenance .......................................................... 35 2.2.3.1 Yellow rust (Pst) .............................................................................. 35 2.2.3.2 Take-all (Ggt) .................................................................................. 35 2.2.3.3 Powdery mildew (Bgt) .................................................................... 36 2.2.3.4 P. syringae ....................................................................................... 36 2.2.3.5 Fusarium culmorum ........................................................................ 37 2.2.4 Microscopy ................................................................................................... 37 2.2.5 Sampling tissue, storage and grinding ......................................................... 37 4 Contents 2.2.6 Wheat Genotyping ....................................................................................... 37 2.2.7 RT-qPCR ........................................................................................................ 38 2.2.8 Primers ......................................................................................................... 39 2.2.9 Data analysis ................................................................................................ 42 Chapter 3: Exploring that nature of temperature sensitive resistance to yellow rust in wheat ................................................................................................. 43 3.1 Aim: .......................................................................................................................... 43 3.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 43 3.3 Methods ...................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Meeting Report the Aaronsohn-ITMI International Conference

    Meeting Report the Aaronsohn-ITMI International Conference

    Israel Journal of Plant Sciences Vol. 55 2007 pp. 315–319 Meeting Report The Aaronsohn-ITMI International Conference CATHERINE FEUILLET,a PETER LANGRIDGE,b AND ROBBIE WAUGHc aUMR INRA-UBP 1095, Amélioration et Santé des Plantes, Domaine de Crouelle, 234 Avenue du Brézet, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France bAustralian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia cScottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, DD2 5DA, UK The Aaronsohn-ITMI international conference was held 16–20 April 2007 in Tiberias (Israel) to celebrate the 100 year anniversary of the rediscovery of wild emmer wheat by Aaron Aaronsohn in Rosh Pinna, a few kilometers away from Tiberias. The workshop, attended by more than 110 participants from 22 countries, also provided an opportunity to discuss the latest developments in Triticeae genetics and genomics. WILD EMMER WHEAT programs as a source of new alleles. Wild emmer wheat also represents a key material for studying the evolution In the opening session of the workshop, Shaul Katz (He- of wheat genomes and the impact of polyploidization brew Univ., Israel) reported on the history of the discov- on genome structure and evolution, as exemplified ery of wild emmer wheat, the wild ancestor of tetraploid by Moshe Feldman (Weizman Institute, Israel) in his wheat. This goes back to 1855 when botanists (Kotschy, lecture. There is genetic asymmetry between the A and Koernicke) from Austria came to Palestine and found a B genomes of wild emmer wheat. For example, genes sample of a cereal with ancestral features (“Urweizen”) controlling inflorescence morphology, growth habit, do- that had not been previously recorded.
  • Wild Wheat to Productive Drylands: Global Scientific Practice and the Agroecological Remaking of Palestine

    Wild Wheat to Productive Drylands: Global Scientific Practice and the Agroecological Remaking of Palestine

    Geoforum 78 (2017) 43–51 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geoforum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum Wild wheat to productive drylands: Global scientific practice and the agroecological remaking of Palestine Omar Tesdell Department of Geography, Birzeit University, PO Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine article info abstract Article history: This paper traces how scientific research on wheat (Triticum) worked to establish Palestine as a region Received 23 May 2016 sought for colonization. Recent work in geography has refined our understanding of agricultural expan- Received in revised form 16 November 2016 sion as an outcome of colonization, however, this work leaves the place-making capacity of agricultural Accepted 18 November 2016 research largely unexplored. My claim is that rather than a byproduct of colonization, wheat research served to remake Palestine as a biophysical region in need of improvement and colonization. I show how a shift in the plant sciences from research in taxonomy to plant breeding corresponded to an Keywords: agro-climatic shift on Palestine from an undesirable, arid region to a promising dryland agricultural Agro-climatology region. In this way, wheat research drew Palestine and the United States into a wider effort to transform Agro-ecology Colonization arid areas into agricultural drylands. Drawing on a previously unexplored episode of technical coopera- Palestine tion between researchers in the United States and Palestine, I argue that we must examine how wildness, United States native-ness, and agro-climatic suitability are scientifically constituted within and not apart from colonial Drylands conquest. In doing so, the paper calls for reconsideration within geography and political ecology of the place-making relationship between colonization and scientific practice.
  • One Thousand Objects for the Microscope

    One Thousand Objects for the Microscope

    WITH ILLUSTRATIONS Frederick Warne and Co., Publishers, ._t_ ~l S GTl It H{ FI T HIC EST LIBER MEUS, testES EST DEUS; SI QUIS ME QUERIT .A% HIC NOMEN ERIT. - . a>V T /. 13 I 5 ing, irlllU 11/A 111 UlUiig, *-r j .. __ Notice.—This completely New Poultry Book is the only one the Author has fully written ; all others bearing her name being only edited by her, and much anterior to this volume. Bedford Street, Strand. Frederick Warne and Co., Publishers, WARNE’S USEFUL BOOKS-Continued. Fcap. 8vo, Is. each, boards, with Practical Illustrations. Angling, and How to Angle. A Practical Guide to Bottom-Fishing, Trolling, Spinning, Fly-Fishing, and Sea-Fishing. By J. T. Burgess. Illustrated. “An excellent little volume, and full of advice the angler will treasure."— Sunday Times. “ A practical and handy guide.’’—Spectator. The Common Sea-Weeds of the British Coast and Channel Islands. With some Insight into the Microscopic Beauties of their Structure and Fructification. By Mrs. L. Lane Clarke. With Original Plates printed in Tinted Litho. “This portable cheap little manual will serve as an admirable introduction to the study of sea-weeds.”—Field. The Common Shells of the Sea-Shore. By the Rev. J. G. Wood. “ The book is so copiously illustrated, that it is impossible to find a shell which cannot be identified by reference to the engravings.”—Vide Preface. “It would be difficult to select a more pleasant sea-side companion than this.” —Observer. The Dog : Its Varieties and Management in Health and Disease. Bird-Keeping : A Practical Guide for the Management of Cage Birds.
  • Status of Wheat Rust Research and Control in China

    Status of Wheat Rust Research and Control in China

    Status of wheat rust research and control in China Zhensheng Kang*, Jie Zhao, Dejun Han, Hongchang Zhang, Xiaojie Wang, Chenfang Wang, Qingmei Han, Jun Guo & Lili Huang *College of Plant Protection and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China e-mail: [email protected] Abstract In China, wheat is grown on approximately 24 million hectares with an annual yield of 100 million tonnes. Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a threat mainly to spring wheat in northeastern China. Leaf rust, caused by P. triticina, occurs on crops in the late growth stages in the Yellow-Huai-Hai River regions. Stripe rust, caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is destructive in all winter wheat regions and is considered the most important disease of wheat in China. During the last 20 years, widespread stripe rust epidemics occurred in 2002, 2003, and 2009, and localized epidemics occurred in many other years. In recent years, major yield losses were prevented by widespread and timely applications of fungicides based on accurate monitoring and prediction of disease epidemics. A total of 68 Pst races or pathotypes have been identified using a set of 19 differential wheat genotypes. At present, races CYR32 and CYR33 virulent to resistance genes Yr9, Yr3b, Yr4b, YrSu and some other resistance genes are predominant. Moreover, these races are virulent on many cultivars grown in recent years. Of 501 recent cultivars and breeding lines 71.9% were susceptible, 7.0% had effective all-stage resistance, mostly Yr26 (= Yr24), and 21.2% had adult-plant resistance.
  • Monitoring Wheat Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Winter Wheat Using High-Resolution UAV-Based Red-Green-Blue Imagery

    Monitoring Wheat Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Winter Wheat Using High-Resolution UAV-Based Red-Green-Blue Imagery

    remote sensing Article Monitoring Wheat Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in Winter Wheat Using High-Resolution UAV-Based Red-Green-Blue Imagery Ramin Heidarian Dehkordi 1,* , Moussa El Jarroudi 2 , Louis Kouadio 3 , Jeroen Meersmans 1 and Marco Beyer 4 1 TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; [email protected] 2 Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liège, 6700 Arlon, Belgium; [email protected] 3 Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; [email protected] 4 Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 41 Rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +32-81-622-189 Received: 28 September 2020; Accepted: 7 November 2020; Published: 11 November 2020 Abstract: During the past decade, imagery data acquired from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), thanks to their high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions, have attracted increasing attention for discriminating healthy from diseased plants and monitoring the progress of such plant diseases in fields. Despite the well-documented usage of UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing for discriminating healthy and diseased plant areas, employing red-green-blue (RGB) imagery for a similar purpose has yet to be fully investigated. This study aims at evaluating UAV-based RGB imagery to discriminate healthy plants from those infected by stripe and wheat leaf rusts in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), with a focus on implementing an expert system to assist growers in improved disease management. RGB images were acquired at four representative wheat-producing sites in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
  • Food Processing and Breeding Strategies for Coeliac-Safe and Healthy Wheat Products T

    Food Processing and Breeding Strategies for Coeliac-Safe and Healthy Wheat Products T

    Food Research International 110 (2018) 11–21 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Research International journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodres Food processing and breeding strategies for coeliac-safe and healthy wheat products T Aurélie Jouanina,b, Luud J.W.J. Gilissena, Lesley A. Boydb, James Cockramb, Fiona J. Leighb, Emma J. Wallingtonb, Hetty C. van den Broecka, Ingrid M. van der Meera, Jan G. Schaarta, ⁎ Richard G.F. Vissera, Marinus J.M. Smuldersa, a Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands b NIAB, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: A strict gluten-free diet is currently the only treatment for the 1–2% of the world population who suffer from Gluten coeliac disease (CD). However, due to the presence of wheat and wheat derivatives in many food products, Gliadin avoiding gluten consumption is difficult. Gluten-free products, made without wheat, barley or rye, typically T cell epitope require the inclusion of numerous additives, resulting in products that are often less healthy than gluten-based Coeliac disease equivalents. Here, we present and discuss two broad approaches to decrease wheat gluten immunogenicity for Plant breeding CD patients. The first approach is based on food processing strategies, which aim to remove gliadins or all gluten Food processing fi Mutation breeding from edible products. We nd that several of the candidate food processing techniques to produce low gluten- Genome editing immunogenic products from wheat already exist. The second approach focuses on wheat breeding strategies to remove immunogenic epitopes from the gluten proteins, while maintaining their food-processing properties. A combination of breeding strategies, including mutation breeding and possibly genome editing, will be necessary to produce coeliac-safe wheat.
  • [Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Tritici] on Wheat

    [Puccinia Striiformis F. Sp. Tritici] on Wheat

    314 Review / Synthèse Epidemiology and control of stripe rust [Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ] on wheat X.M. Chen Abstract: Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. This review presents basic and recent information on the epidemiology of stripe rust, changes in pathogen virulence and population structure, and movement of the pathogen in the United States and around the world. The impact and causes of recent epidemics in the United States and other countries are discussed. Research on plant resistance to disease, including types of resistance, genes, and molecular markers, and on the use of fungicides are summarized, and strategies for more effective control of the disease are discussed. Key words: disease control, epidemiology, formae speciales, races, Puccinia striiformis, resistance, stripe rust, wheat, yellow rust. Résumé : Mondialement, la rouille jaune du blé, causée par le Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, est une des plus importantes maladies du blé. La présente synthèse contient des informations générales et récentes sur l’épidémiologie de la rouille jaune, sur les changements dans la virulence de l’agent pathogène et dans la structure de la population et sur les déplacements de l’agent pathogène aux États-Unis et autour de la planète. L’impact et les causes des dernières épidémies qui ont sévi aux États-Unis et ailleurs sont examinés. La synthèse contient un résumé de la recherche sur la résistance des plantes à la maladie, y compris les types de résistance, les gènes et les marqueurs moléculaires, et sur l’emploi des fongicides, et un examen des stratégies pour une lutte plus efficace contre la maladie.
  • Rapid Global Spread of Two Aggressive Strains of a Wheat Rust Fungus

    Rapid Global Spread of Two Aggressive Strains of a Wheat Rust Fungus

    Molecular Ecology (2008) doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03886.x RapidBlackwell Publishing Ltd global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus MOGENS S. HOVMØLLER,* AMOR H. YAHYAOUI,† EUGENE A. MILUS‡ and ANNEMARIE F. JUSTESEN* *Department of Integrated Pest Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Flakkebjerg, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark, †International Center for Agricultural Development in the Dry Areas, PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria, ‡Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA Abstract Rust fungi can overcome the effect of host resistance genes rapidly, and spores can disperse long distance by wind. Here we demonstrate a foreign incursion of similar strains of the wheat yellow rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, in North America, Australia and Europe in less than 3 years. One strain defined by identity at 15 virulence loci and 130 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragments was exclusive to North America (present since 2000) and Australia (since 2002). Another strain of the same virulence phenotype, but differing in two AFLP fragments, was exclusive to Europe (present since 2000–2001) as well as Western and Central Asia and the Red Sea Area (first appearance unknown). This may be the most rapid spread of an important crop pathogen on the global scale. The limited divergence between the two strains and their derivatives, and the temporal–spatial occurrence pattern confirmed a recent spread. The data gave evidence for additional intercontinental dispersal events in the past, that is, many isolates sampled before 2000 in Europe, North America and Australia had similar AFLP fingerprints, and isolates from South Africa, which showed no divergence in AFLP, differed by only two fragments from particular isolates from Central Asia, West Asia and South Europe, respectively.
  • IPM Update/Fungicide Resistance

    IPM Update/Fungicide Resistance

    IPM Update/Fungicide resistance Neil Havis, Crop Protection Lead, SRUC Introduction 2019 – temperature up on the 30 year average Introduction 2019 rainfall – wet summer (esp May and August) following a near average spring (march figures were higher than average) Introduction 2019 rainfall – wet summer- late attack from splash borne diseases Introduction 2019 sunshine – normal service resumed IPM • Work is ongoing to develop effective, sustainable and profitable IPM programmes in barley • Various projects funded by RESAS, AHDB Mains of Loirston and commercial sponsors https://voluntaryinitiative.org.uk/schemes/integrated-pest-management/ Winter barley IPM: Sow date*Cv*Fungicide • Late sown crops sown 3-4 weeks later than early sown. • 2 Varieties: Surge (res), Tower (sus) • 4 fungicide programmes: 0/1/2/3 sprays 10.5 • Greater fungicide requirement in 10 early sown + susceptible crops 9.5 9 8.5 8 Medium2 spray programme 7.5 Untreated Yield t/ha Yield Untreated 7 6.5 6 EarlyEarly LateLate EarlyEarly LateLate sown sown sown sown Surge Tower Winter barley IPM: Sow date*Cv*Fungicide 16 • Early sowing decreases GLA in disease 14 years. 12 10 • Due to RLS (both years) and also tan spot EarlyEarly sown 1 % 8 - 2019. F 6 LateLate sown 4 RLS • Susceptible variety= less GLA, more 2 disease. 0 Medium UntreatedUntreated 120 2 spray prog. 100 10 80 8 1 - F 60 EarlyEarly sown 6 40 EarlyEarly sown GLA LateLate sown % 20 4 LateLate sown Tan Spot % Tan 0 - 2 Surge Tower Surge Tower 2019 0 2018 2019 Surge Tower Fungicide treatments for all trials Trt T0
  • POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE of the LITHUANIAN WINTER WHEAT BREEDING MATERIAL Þilvinas Liatukas* and Vytautas Ruzgas**

    POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE of the LITHUANIAN WINTER WHEAT BREEDING MATERIAL Þilvinas Liatukas* and Vytautas Ruzgas**

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 63 (2009), No. 1/2 (660/661), pp. 37–44. DOI: 10.2478/v10046-009-0013-x POWDERY MILDEW RESISTANCE OF THE LITHUANIAN WINTER WHEAT BREEDING MATERIAL Þilvinas Liatukas* and Vytautas Ruzgas** * Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Instituto al.1, Akademija, Këdainiai district, LT-58344, LITHUANIA; E-mail: [email protected] ** Lithuanian University of Agriculture, Akademija, Studentø str. 11, Kaunas district, LT-53361, LITHUANIA; E-mail: [email protected] Communicated by Îzaks Raðals At the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, during 2004–2006, resistance to powdery mildew of ap- proximately 1,500 winter wheat lines was assessed in check and competitive trial nurseries. Our experimental evidence showed that there were no genotypes with effective resistance single- genes among the lines tested. Effective powdery mildew resistance from start to end of vegeta- tion season depended on the quantitative resistance level. The most resistant lines were evalu- ated with a score of 2 and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values ranging between 1.0–5.4. The most susceptible genotypes from the collection nurseries had score 8–9 and AUDPC values ranging between 1350–2220. The correlations between maximal disease se- verity and AUDPC values were strong (r = 0.79–0.92). Genotypes with AUDPC values up to 10 represented 93 lines or 7% in the check trial nursery and 22 lines or 9% in the competitive trial nursery. Lines evaluated with a score 4–5 and AUDPC value 100–300 dominated in 2004. In the next year the dominant genotypes had resistance scores 3–4 and AUDPC value 50–200.
  • Identification of Yellow Rust Virulence Pattern on Wheat Germplasm in Relation to Environmental Conditions in Faisalabad

    Identification of Yellow Rust Virulence Pattern on Wheat Germplasm in Relation to Environmental Conditions in Faisalabad

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.4, No.13, 2014 Identification of Yellow Rust Virulence Pattern on Wheat Germplasm in Relation to Environmental Conditions in Faisalabad Abdul Mateen *, Muhammad Aslam Khan Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT One hundred and fifty varieties/lines were screened against stripe. Most of the varieties/lines showed reaction to these diseases. For the development of stripe rust disease of wheat artificial and natural inoculums was relied upon for infection and the environmental conditions of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad were favorable. Out of 150 lines/varieties which were screened against sixty four lines/varieties were immune, resistance shown by 42 lines/varieties and remaining all were susceptible against yellow rust. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of all varieties was calculated. The virulence and avirulence formula studied showed that 42 varieties of yellow rust were avirulent and 29 varieties were virulent by yellow rust fungi. Environmental factors had great effect on the progress of stripe rust diseases of wheat. A positive linear relationship between temperature (maximum, minimum) and disease severity showed that maximum stripe rust develops was highly recognized to 28-32 °C maximum and 14-18 °C minimum temperatures. While, other environmental factors like relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed showed positive correlation. On the basis of data these environmental factors were tested for correlation with stripe rust severities.
  • A Transnational and Holistic Breeding Approach Is Needed for Sustainable

    A Transnational and Holistic Breeding Approach Is Needed for Sustainable

    Physiologia Plantarum 164: 442–451. 2018 ISSN 0031-9317 MINIREVIEW A transnational and holistic breeding approach is needed for sustainable wheat production in the Baltic Sea region Aakash Chawadea,* , Rita Armonienéa,b,†, Gunilla Bergc,†, Gintaras Brazauskasb,†, Gunilla Frostgårdd,†, Mulatu Geletaa,†, Andrii Gorashb,†, Tina Henrikssone,†, Kristiina Himanenf,† , Anne Ingverg,†, Eva Johanssona,†, Lise Nistrup Jørgensenh,†, Mati Koppelg,†, Reine Koppelg,†, Pirjo Makelaf,†, Rodomiro Ortiza,†, Wieslaw Podymai,†, Thomas Roitschj,†, Antanas Ronisb,†, Jan T. Svenssonk,†, Pernilla Vallenbacke,† and Martin Weihl,† aDepartment of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden bInstitute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (LAMMC), Kedainiai, Lithuania cPlant Protection Center, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Alnarp, Sweden dYara Crop Nutrition, Region Nordic, Malmö, Sweden eLantmännen Lantbruk, Svalöv, Sweden fDepartment of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland gEstonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia hDepartment of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark iPlant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Radzików, Poland jDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark kNordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen), Malmö, Sweden lDepartment of Crop Production Ecology, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden Correspondence The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water bodies in the world. Eutroph- *Corresponding author, ication is a major concern in the Baltic Sea due to the leakage of nutrients to e-mail: [email protected] the sea with agriculture being the primary source. Wheat (Triticum aestivum Received 18 January 2018; L.) is the most widely grown crop in the countries surrounding the Baltic Sea revised 7 March 2018 and thus promoting sustainable agriculture practices for wheat cultivation will have a major impact on reducing pollution in the Baltic Sea.