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Population Estimation and Landscape Ecology of the Puerto Rican Nightjar

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Population Estimation and Landscape Ecology of the Puerto Rican Nightjar Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 5-1-2010 Population estimation and landscape ecology of the Puerto Rican Nightjar Rafael Gonzalez Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Gonzalez, Rafael, "Population estimation and landscape ecology of the Puerto Rican Nightjar" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 3565. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/3565 This Graduate Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POPULATION ESTIMATION AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF THE PUERTO RICAN NIGHTJAR By Rafael González González A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Wildlife and Fisheries Science in the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture Mississippi State, Mississippi May 2010 Copyright by Rafael González 2010 POPULATION ESTIMATION AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF THE PUERTO RICAN NIGHTJAR By Rafael González González Approved: . Francisco J. Vilella QiQi Lu Professor of Wildlife Ecology Assistant Professor of Statistics (Director of Thesis) (Committee Member) . Sam Riffell Bruce D. Leopold Assistant Professor of Wildlife Ecology Professor of Wildlife Ecology (Committee Member) (Committee Member) . Bruce D. Leopold George M. Hopper (Department Head) Dean of College of Forest Resources Name: Rafael González González Date of Degree: May 1, 2010 Institution: Mississippi State University Major Field: Wildlife and Fisheries Science Major Professor: Dr. Francisco J. Vilella Title of Study: POPULATION ESTIMATION AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY OF THE PUERTO RICAN NIGHTJAR Pages in Study: 114 Candidate for Degree of Master of Science The Puerto Rican Nightjar Caprimulgus noctitherus is an endangered species found in forest of southern Puerto Rico. I documented density of nightjars in Guánica Forest, the region of Guayanilla-Peñuelas, and Susúa Forest. The geographic range of the species was expanded because of this study and presence documented in a number of new localities. Stand level habitat model indicated forest type and midstory visual obscurity best predicted nightjar habitat. Landscape model predicted considerably more suitable nightjar habitat exists than had been previously estimated (> 30%) and highlighted several areas of importance for the species. I evaluated nightjar population estimation techniques and found use of point transects with lures (playback) and moon phase covariates generated best estimates. My results highlighted several sites currently under private ownership that should be protected or acquired. Establishment of new protected areas for the nightjar represents highest priority for conservation and eventual delisting of the species. DEDICATION I dedicate this study to God and my parents, Carlos y Luz, for always been there for me, they taught me to respect and appreciate nature. To my sister Milagros for inspire and comprehension. To my aunt Wanda for always support my science aspiration and to all my family for support, advice and love. Thanks to everybody for make all this possible and never lost the goal after this long journey. Quiero dedicarle este estudio a Dios y a mis padres, Carlos y Luz, por siempre estar disponibles para mí, y ensenarme a respetar y apreciar la naturaleza. A mi hermana Milagros por inspirarme y entenderme. A mi tía Wanda por siempre apoyarme mis aspiraciones en la ciencia y a toda mi familia por el apoyo, consejo y amor. Gracias a todos por hacer todo esto posible y nunca perder la meta después de este largo viaje. W szczególnoci dla moich Zielonych Oczu, które bezustannie mnie rozumiay i zawsze byy przy mnie. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thanks Dr. Vilella for the opportunity to come to Mississippi State, his support, understanding and friendship. Profe, without your visit to Puerto Rico fieldwork will never be the same. I hope we can keep cooperating and exchanging ideas in science, politics and social matters. Dr. Riffell thanks for your advice and willingness to help and been there for students. Dr. Fan thanks for introduce me to R programming and spatial statistics. Dr. Steve Buckland (University of St. Andrewa, Scotland) Kindly provided me R code and constant help with analysis, even during Christmas. Dr. Leopold, I want to thank you for your encouragement and wise advice. I also want to thank Dr. Minnis and Jonathan Thompson for their time and help with spatial analyst and GIS. I also want to thank to Miguel Canals, manager of the Guánica Biosphere Reserve, Wetzy Cordero, manager of the Susua Forest and Jose Silva of the Puerto Rico Conservation Trust, who contributed their knowledge, resources and made valuable suggestions. Thanks to Susan Silander, Refuge Manager of the Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge, for the use of facilities and resources during this investigation. I want to thanks to all the employees of these forest reserves for their help and camaraderie. I want to specially thank to all the technicians and friends, Manuel Cruz, iii Misael Rivera, Viviana Lopez, Nelson Bassatt, and Armando Feliciano who through their hard work make possible data collection and entry. I would like to express my gratitude to Bill Gould of the USDA Forest Service for access to spatial databases of the Puerto Rico GAP Analysis Program. Thanks to Dr. Ricardo Goenaga of the USDA-ARS Tropical Research Station in Mayaguez for use equipment and facilities. At the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service Caribbean Field Office, I am grateful to Carlos Pacheco, Omar Monsegur, and Jan Paul. Luis Rivera, Alexis Diaz, of the USDA Forest Service and Rick West for access to Campamento Santiago. Thanks to Jose Cruz, Ivan Llerandi, Eduardo Ventosa, Jimmy Zamora, Miguel Garcia and Jose Chabert of the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources for advice and access to aerial photography and other spatial resources. Puerto Rico Conservation Trust provided access to the El Convento Reserve in Guayanilla and Spatial Information on the reserve. Jose Salguero kindly shared information from the Puerto Rico Breeding Bird Atlas. I am thankful to Mike and Jonathan Morel for sharing their outstanding and unique collection of Puerto Rican Nightjar photographs. In particular, I would like to thank from the bottom of my heart to all my friends in Starkville. Thanks for making me feel like home and always been there for me. Special thanks to Ivan, Jenny, Wilfredo, Edda, Yamilka, Bienve, Jaime, Jairo, Wallo, Jennifer and Carola. Guys at the office thank for listening, and share unforgettable times in and outside the office. Funding for this project was provided by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Carribean Field Office, the Puerto Rico Ornithological Society and BirdLife iv International. I am grateful to Marelisa Rivera for her support of the nightjar research and the late Carlos Diaz for useful suggestions and recommendations. Veronica Mendez and Maria Luisa Rivera of the Puerto Rico Ornithological Society for administration supports. Thanks to Veronica Anadon of BirdLife International Caribbean Program. Field procedures were conducted under auspices of permit 07-EPE-008 from the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental resources. Finally, I express my gratitude to all the caretakers and landowners who granted trespass permission to their lands. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1 LITERATURE CITED ....................................................................................5 II. STUDY SITE ...................................................................................................7 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................12 III. DENSITY AND ABUNDANCE ESTIMATES OF THE PUERTO RICAN NIGHTJAR IN SOUTHWEST PUERTO RICO ..................17 Introduction ....................................................................................................17 Method ...........................................................................................................18 Data collection ...................................................................................18 Density and abundance estimation .....................................................20 Results ............................................................................................................21 Discussion ......................................................................................................25 LITERATURE CITED ..................................................................................30 IV. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND MULTI-RESOLUTION HABITAT MODELING OF THE PUERTO
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