DOCSLIB.ORG

Tesi Dottorato

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tesi Dottorato Doctoral School in Comparative and European Legal Studies XXV cycle Ph.D. thesis “Synthetic biology, concerns and risks: looking for a (constitutionally oriented) regulatory framework and a system of governance for a new emerging technology” Thesis supervisor: Ph.D. Candidate: Prof. Carlo Casonato Ilaria Anna Colussi Academic Year 2011-2012 Ph. D. Candidate: Ilaria Anna Colussi “Synthetic biology, concerns and risks: looking for a (constitutionally oriented) regulatory framework and a system of governance for a new emerging technology” Thesis supervisor: Prof. Carlo Casonato Academic Year 2011-2012 Curriculum: Public Law Area: Comparative Public Law XXV cycle Final Exam: 18 th April 2013 Examination Board: Prof. Lorenzo Chieffi, University of Naples Prof. Aitziber Emaldi Cirión, University of Deusto/Bilbao Prof. Alessandra Magliaro, University of Trento Prof. Federico Gustavo Pizzetti, University of Milan “When you set out on your journey to Ithaca, pray that the road is long, full of adventure, full of knowledge. The Lestrygonians and the Cyclops, the angry Poseidon - do not fear them: You will never find such as these on your path, if your thoughts remain lofty, if a fine emotion touches your spirit and your body. The Lestrygonians and the Cyclops, the fierce Poseidon you will never encounter, if you do not carry them within your soul, if your soul does not set them up before you. Pray that the road is long. That the summer mornings are many, when, with such pleasure, with such joy you will enter ports seen for the first time; stop at Phoenician markets, and purchase fine merchandise, mother-of-pearl and coral, amber and ebony, and sensual perfumes of all kinds, as many sensual perfumes as you can; visit many Egyptian cities, to learn and learn from scholars. Always keep Ithaca in your mind. To arrive there is your ultimate goal. But do not hurry the voyage at all. It is better to let it last for many years; and to anchor at the island when you are old, rich with all you have gained on the way, not expecting that Ithaca will offer you riches. Ithaca has given you the beautiful voyage. Without her you would have never set out on the road. She has nothing more to give you. And if you find her poor, Ithaca has not deceived you. Wise as you have become, with so much experience, you must already have understood what Ithaca means”. (C. Kavafis) Dedicated to this Ph.D.: a hard, but in the end rewarding journey, that gave me the opportunity to travel around the world, meet brilliant people, experience life in many of its facets, including pain, discouragement, hope, persistence, satisfaction, and let me taste a bit of the anxiety, the thirst and beauty of research. TABLE OF CONTENTS Pg. ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER I SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY BETWEEN EVOLUTION AND REVOLUTION Introduction: Science and Technology, a Rich and Complex Scenery ............... 9 1. What is Synthetic Biology? Historical Steps in Search of a Definition .......... 10 2. Sub-fields of Synthetic Biology ....................................................................... 16 2.1. Advanced Genetic Engineering ..................................................................... 17 2.2. DNA-based Device Construction .................................................................. 17 2.3. Synthetic Genomics or Genome-driven Cell Engineering (Construction of Minimal Genome) .......................................................................................... 19 2.4. Protocell Creation or In Vitro Synthetic Biology (Creation of the Minimal Cell) ............................................................................................................... 20 2.5. Unnatural Molecular Biology (Design of new Biological Entities) ............. 21 2.6. In Silico Approach ......................................................................................... 22 2.7. Xeno-biology ................................................................................................. 23 2.8. Synthetic Microbial Consortia ...................................................................... 23 3. Classification of Synthetic Products, Approaches and Achieved Results ....... 24 3.1. Products ........................................................................................................ 24 3.2. Approaches .................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1. Top-down Approach ............................................................................ 25 3.2.2. Bottom-up Approach ........................................................................... 26 4. Potential and Effective Benefits from Applications of Synthetic Biology ...... 28 4.1. In the Environment, for Agriculture and Food ............................................. 29 4.2. In Energy, Industrial and Chemical Field .................................................... 30 4.3. In the Biomedical Sector ............................................................................... 31 5. Challenges, Risks and Concerns of Synthetic Biology .................................... 32 5.1. Biosafety risks ............................................................................................... 33 5.2. Biosecurity risks ............................................................................................ 35 5.3. Challenges to Intellectual Property Rights ................................................... 37 5.4. International Justice Concerns ..................................................................... 40 5.5. Ethical Concerns of a Different Nature ........................................................ 41 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 44 CHAPTER II THE GOVERNANCE OF CONCERNS AND RISKS ARISING IN THE CONTEXT OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY ........................................................... 45 A Premise: the Notion of “Governance” .............................................................. 46 Part I: How to Manage the Concerns and Risks of Synthetic Biology? .............. 47 1. The Traditional Model of Risk Assessment, Risk Management and Risk Communication ............................................................................................... 48 2. Reframing Risks and Concerns in Synthetic Biology ...................................... 50 3. The “Risk Assessment” within Synthetic Biology ........................................... 50 4. The “Concern Assessment” within Synthetic Biology .................................... 55 5. The “Risk and Concern Management” within Synthetic Biology ................... 55 5.1. The “Prudent Vigilance” Model ................................................................... 57 5.2. The Precautionary Principle ......................................................................... 64 5.2.1. The Weak Version and its Limits ......................................................... 68 5.2.2. The Moderate Version and its Limits .................................................. 70 5.2.3. The Strong Version and its Limits ....................................................... 71 5.2.4. The “Anti-catastrophe” Version and its Limits .................................. 74 5.2.5. The Procedural Version and its Limits ............................................... 75 ii 5.2.6. The Precautionary Principle in International Law ............................. 77 5.2.6.1. “Hard” and “Soft Law”. ....................................................... 77 5.2.6.2. Judicial Cases ...................................................................... 79 5.2.7. The Precautionary Principle in European Union Law ....................... 81 5.2.7.1. Treaties, “Hard Law” and “Soft Law” ................................ 81 5.2.7.2. Case-Law .............................................................................. 86 5.2.8. The Precautionary Principle in the United States of America ............ 90 5.2.9. The Precautionary Principle in the United Kingdom ......................... 92 5.2.10. The Precautionary Principle in Italy ................................................ 93 5.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis .................................................................................... 98 5.3.1. Cost-Benefit Analysis as such and its Limits ....................................... 99 5.3.2. Risk-Benefit Analysis and its Limits .................................................... 101 5.3.3. Risk Trade-Off Analysis and its Limits ................................................ 103 5.3.4. Cost-Benefit Analysis in International Law ........................................ 104 5.3.5. Cost-Benefit Analysis in European Union Law .................................. 105 5.3.6. Cost-Benefit Analysis in the United States of America ....................... 106 5.3.7. Cost-Benefit Analysis in the United Kingdom ..................................... 107 5.3.8. Cost-Benefit Analysis in Italy .............................................................. 107 5.4. The Proactionary Principle and its Limits .................................................... 108 5.4.1. The Application of the Proactionary Principle ................................... 111 6. The “Risk and Concern Communication” within Synthetic Biology .............
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Expression and Function of C1orf132 Long- Noncoding RNA, in Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues
    Expression and Function of C1orf132 Long- Noncoding RNA, in Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tissues Afsaneh Malekzadeh Shafaroudi Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad Ali Shari-Zarchi Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran Saeid Rahmani Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran Nahid Nasi Surgical Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Seyed Javad Mowla Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran Andrea Lauria Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Salvatore Oliviero Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy Maryam Moghadam Matin ( matin@um.ac.ir ) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad Research Article Keywords: bioinformatics, C1orf132, RNA Posted Date: January 29th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-144862/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/21 Abstract MIR29B2CHG/C1orf132 is the host gene for generating miR-29b2 and miR-29c. Here, we employed bioinformatics and experimental approaches to decipher expression of C1orf132 in breast cancer cells and tissues. Our data demonstrated a signicant downregulation of C1orf132 in triple-negative breast cancer. We also predicted a putative promoter for the longer transcripts of C1orf132. The functionality of the distal promoter was conrmed by transfecting MCF7 cells with a C1orf132 promoter-GFP construct. Knocking-out the promoter by means of CRISPR/Cas9 approach revealed no expression alteration of neighboring genes, CD46 and CD34.
    [Show full text]
  • Environment and Society Socionatural Relations in the Anthropocene
    SPRINGER BRIEFS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE Manuel Arias-Maldonado Environment and Society Socionatural Relations in the Anthropocene SpringerBriefs in Political Science More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8871 Manuel Arias-Maldonado Environment and Society Socionatural Relations in the Anthropocene 1 3 Manuel Arias-Maldonado University of Málaga Málaga Spain ISSN 2191-5466 ISSN 2191-5474 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Political Science ISBN 978-3-319-15951-5 ISBN 978-3-319-15952-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-15952-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015932511 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Saint Louis Zoo Education Overview
    Saint Louis Zoo Education Overview Our Mission: Working in partnership with local and global communities, we provide educational opportunities and experiences that nurture compassion for animals and our shared world in order to empower conservation action. Building Upon a Legacy of Excellence Who We Are: As educators, our commitment is not only to recognize and The Saint Louis Zoo has one of the nation’s largest Zoo-based adapt to the various ways people learn, but also to create a Education Departments. It was established more than 50 years new paradigm of conservation education that connects people ago to link visitors of every age and background to the Zoo’s of all ages and backgrounds to nature. That’s a tall order, but care for animals and conservation work, not only by providing ours is a highly qualified staff, offering over 317 combined excellent materials and presentations, but also by creating years of experience in teaching, research and work with meaningful experiences. animals. This averages out to more than 16 years’ experience for each Education Department employee. All of the full-time The Education Department connects the Zoo’s conservation and part-time year-round educators in the department hold efforts in the field to the work we do on our 90-acre campus university degrees, including 10 in the department with in protecting and providing quality care for our 17,000 graduate degrees. animals. The Zoo is home to 588 species, many of them rare and endangered. It is one of the few free zoos in the nation and, with more than 3 million annual visitors, it is among the What We Do: most popular.
    [Show full text]
  • {Replace with the Title of Your Dissertation}
    An Exploration of Materiality in Josef Winkler‘s Narrative Structures A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY William Christopher Burwick IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Leslie Morris [October 2015] © William Christopher Burwick 2015 Acknowledgements First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor, Prof. Leslie Morris, for her continued support of my project and my studies, for providing valuable insights into Austrian literature with her attentive reading and remarks, and for encouraging me to pursue my ideas. Prof. Ruth-Ellen Joeres, Prof. Arlene Teraoka, Prof. Rembert Hueser, Prof. Anatoly Liberman, and Prof. Mary Joe Maynes have also been significantly influential on this project. Their advice, their courses, and their support before and during this project shaped the content of the following pages. Indeed, the entire Department of German, Scandinavian, and Dutch at the University of Minnesota deserve thanks for their faith in me, for the education they have provided, and for their support of my research. Prof. Brigitte Prutti of the University of Washington, Seattle, introduced me to the novels of Josef Winkler and Materiality Theory and helped me develop my writing with my Master‘s Thesis that served as background to this dissertation. Peter and Helga Karlhuber, Vienna, provided housing, invited me to opening of exhibits, and acquainted me with a number of writers and literary journalists. They also initiated me into the art of literary exhibits, especially the Handke Exhibit ―Die Arbeit des Zuschauers. Peter Handke und das Theater.‖ Through their hospitality and friendship, I gained valuable insight into Austrian culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Depths of Synbio According to Their Language Or
    The unplumbed depths of SynBio according to their language or how SynBiologists work with faulty terms and cause epistemic as well as ethical issues. Submitted by Marcus Podewski }} } October 27, 2010 Content 1 Introduction 3 2 Methods 4 3 Terms 7 3.1 “Artificial cell” . 7 3.1.1 Meaning and Associations . 9 3.2 A ghost in the shell? . 13 3.3 First Conclusion . 15 4 From speech to tangle 15 4.1 [Urteile die aneinander vorbeigehen] . 15 4.2 From Is to Ought . 17 4.3 Emotional terms . 18 4.4 Any alternatives? . 18 5 Conclusion 18 References 21 2 1 Introduction Hier kommt ein Zitat von einer SynBio-Koryphäe wie Venter oder Endy hin, die einen der betreffenden Begriffe verwenden - am liebsten “artficial cell”. Marcus the great Synthetic Biology rises the endangerment that one of the most fundamental concepts of human development, nature on the one side and culture on the other, intermingle.1 In the so far history were both concepts striclty apart — apart in a way, that the one was the antipole of the other. SynBio is about to fuse these poles. The productive human, the manipulator of his enviroment, the homo faber, who gears with his technics into nature, could carry with the assistance of SynBio technologies in nature itself; whereby it would desist from being nature in our current understanding, as a counterpoint of culture, and the homo faber would not just be a manipulator anymore, he would become a creator. So fear the critics of SynBio. If both concepts fuse, they create a new form of “being”: the biofact, a hybrid between an artifact and a living being.
    [Show full text]
  • International Yearbook of Aesthetics Volume 18 | 2014 IAA Y Earbook
    International Yearbook of Aesthetics Volume 18 | 2014 IAA Yearbook edited by Krystyna Wilkoszewska The 18th volume of the International Yearbook of Aesthet- ics comprises a selection of papers presented at the 19th International Congress of Aesthetics, which took place edited by Krystyna Wilkoszewska in Cracow in 2013. The Congress entitled “Aesthetics in Action” was in- tended to cover an extended research area of aesthet- ics going beyond the fine arts towards various forms of human practice. In this way it bore witness to the transformation that aesthetics has been undergoing for a few decades at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. edited by Krystyna Wilkoszewska International Yearbook of Aesthetics 2014 Volume 18 | 2014 ISBN 978-83-65148-21-6 International Association for Aesthetics International Association for Aesthetics Association Internationale d'Esthetique Wydawnictwo LIBRON | www.libron.pl 9 788365148216 edited by Krystyna Wilkoszewska edited by Krystyna Wilkoszewska Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Aesthetics, Cracow 2013 International Yearbook of Aesthetics Volume 18 | 2014 International Association for Aesthetics Association Internationale d'Esthetique Cover design: Joanna Krzempek Layout: LIBRON Proofreading: Tim Hardy ISBN 978-83-65148-21-6 © Krystyna Wilkoszewska and Authors Publication financed by Institute of Philosophy of the Jagiellonian University Every efort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this book. Table of contents Krystyna Wilkoszewska
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Positive Youth Development and Civic Engagement in An
    Exploring Positive Youth Development and Civic Engagement in an Environmental Action Program: A Saint Louis Zoo Case Study _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree in Master of Science _____________________________________________________ by SYDNEY BARNASON Dr. Christine Jie Li, Thesis Supervisor May 2020 © Copyright by Sydney Barnason 2020 All Rights Reserved The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled Exploring Positive Youth Development and Civic Engagement in An Environmental Action Program: A Saint Louis Zoo Case Study presented by Sydney Barnason, a candidate for the degree of Master of Science, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Assistant Professor Christine Jie Li, Ph.D. Associate Professor Sonja Wilhelm Stanis, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Damon Hall, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Melissa J. Herzog, Ph. D To my mom, Melissa Barnason, for her constant support, love, compassion, and never-ending empathy for all the things that I do and To my non-biological moms, Eve and Laura, for helping me find my spark and teaching me to follow it. Acknowledgements This study would not have been possible without the support and assistance of many individuals and institutions, who contributed to the completion of this study. First, I would like to express all of my gratitude for my advisor, Dr. Christine Jie Li, from the time I was an undergraduate taking one of her first classes to today, she has dedicated so much of her time to my growth as a student, researcher, professional, and human.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Program
    ___________________________________ press release Understanding ARTS based RESEARCH Symposium + Exhibition APRIL 4 – 6, 2019 Presented by the UCLA Art Sci center in collaboration with the University of Applied Arts Vienna (Universität für Angewandte Kunst Wien, or informally Die Angewandte). The two-day symposium and exhibition on arts based research aims to envision a future in which arts and design are understood to be central to the success of every complex problem. Focus in the program will be to highlight the importance of art research and education, particularly in times of social unrest and climate change. It is through the arts that the scope of human experience around creativity, innovation, empathy, culture, and knowledge is learned, expressed, and distributed, both for the common good and the development of the individual. By highlighting collaborative research between artists, humanists, scientists and scholars at large, the symposium will attempt to demonstrate the important role of art research in academia and beyond. SYMPOSIUM April 4th— UCLA south campus ARTS based RESEARCH in times of CLIMATE & SOCIAL CHANGE California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI) WORKSHOP April 5th – UCLA north campus WHAT’S NEXT? Eco materialism & contemporary art EDA, Broad Arts center Book signing: UCLA Fowler museum EXHIBITION of the Angewandte April 6th – UNDERSTANDING – ART & RESEARCH Building Bridges Art Exchange gallery Bergamot Station, Santa Monica Organized by Victoria Vesna, department of Design Media Arts, Art Sci center. Confirmed participants: Gerald Bast, Cornelia Bast, Amir Baradaran, Marisa Caichiolo, Ina Conradi, Alexander Damianisch, Wenda Gu, Gabriel Harp, Allison Leigh Holt, Dalila Honorato, Margaret Jahrmann, Iain Kerr, Terence Koh, Greg Lynn, Victoria Marks, Laura Parker, Ingeborg Reichle, Ruth Schnell, Siddharth Ramakrishnan, Jiayi Young, María Antonia Gonzáles Valerio, Linda Weintraub, Vera Wittkowsky, Dajuin Yao.
    [Show full text]
  • Editor: Chunglin
    EASST Review Volume 25 (4) European Association for the Study of Science and Technology December 2006 EASST Review Volume 25 (2006) Number 4 Editor: Ann Rudinow Saetnan Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research of Deputy Editor: Richard Rogers Higher Education Tel:(+47) 73 59 17 86 (Saetnan) Science Museum, London (+31) 20 525 3352 (Rogers) University of Bielefeld email:annrs@svt.ntnu.no University of Edinburgh rogers@easst.net University of Gothenburg Membership queries: University of Maastricht admin@easst.net University of Manchester University of Surrey EASST Review on the Web: University of Sussex http://www.easst.net University of York VTT Group for Technology Studies, Finland Contributing Editors: Wellcome Trust Andrew Jamison (University of Aalborg) Harald Rohracher (Graz) EASST Review (ISSN 1384-5160) is published Paul Wouters (Virtual Knowledge Studio, Royal quarterly, in March, June, September and Academy of Sciences, Netherlands) December. The Association's journal was called the EASST Newsletter through 1994. Council of the European Association for the Study of Science and Technology: Subscription: Individual membership fee: Marc Audetat (University of Lausanne) EUR 35 annual. Reduced two- and three-year Conor Douglas, student member (University of membership available. Students and citizens of York) East European countries pay reduced rates on Christine Hine, President (University of Surrey) applicaton EUR 20. Library rate is EUR 35. (c.hine@surrey.ac.uk) Please note that subscriptions can also be made Reiner Grundmann (Aston University) through the EASST website. Erika Mattila (London School of Economics and Political Science) Member benefits Jessica Mesman (University of Maastricht) Travel stipends for Ph.D. students, young Tiago Moreira (Durham University) scholars and researchers from developing Fred Steward (Brunel University) countries are available.
    [Show full text]
  • SK-INTERFACES: TELEMATIC and TRANSGENIC ART’S POST-DIGITAL TURN to MATERIALITY by Jan Jagodzinski
    SK-INTERFACES: TELEMATIC AND TRANSGENIC ART’S POST-DIGITAL TURN TO MATERIALITY by jan jagodzinski There is a remarkable scene in Stark Trek: First Contact (1996, figure one) wherein Data is bound and shackled to what appears to be a torture rack so that the Borg can extract the encrypted codes within his circuits, which would provide easy access to the spaceship Enterprise. The Borg Queen knows that she must find his weakness in order to ensure such a possibility. She offers Data what he has always desired: the possibility to ‘feel,’ and hence to grasp what it ‘means’ to be human. She grafts human skin onto his circuits and gently blows on it, making the hairs stand on edge, giving Data his first libidinal experience. “Was that good for you?” she coyly asks, as Data’s body undergoes an orgasmic shudder. figure 1: Data of Star Trek being tortured; film still from Star Trek: First Contact Jonathan Frakes, 1996). The grafting of skin with artificial intelligence raises the specter of yet another Brave New World at the turn of the twenty-first century, for skin is the focus of renewed interest, both theoretically and materially, as a medium of ‘wet’ or ‘moist’ technological and artistic experimentation in what has been termed telematic and transgenic art. The line between art and science now has become questionable. Telematic artworks recognize that transformation is conditioned by new information technologies and electronic communications, while transgenic art (also bioart) refers to the employment of genetic engineering. In the latter case, post-digital organic presence of life replaces the emphasis on representation and simulacrum as the visualization of data, which has become the dominant view in an information age.
    [Show full text]
  • Biotechnologies Et Fictions Scientifiques Dans L'art D
    Document generated on 09/27/2021 9:07 a.m. Cahiers de recherche sociologique Auto-métamorphoses Biotechnologies et fictions scientifiques dans l’art d’aujourd’hui Transformations of the Self Biotechnology and Scientific Fictions in Contemporary Art Auto-Metamorfosis Sofia Eliza Bouratsis L’art post-humain. Corps, technoscience et société Article abstract Number 50, Spring 2011 Fundamental issues related to the knowledge of the nature of life, to the scientific and ethical limits of the human body’s possibilities, but also to the URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1005977ar limits between living beings and machines, humans and animals, are today in DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1005977ar the center of important interdisciplinary debates. The purpose of this article is to investigate the unimagined potential of life that See table of contents emerges with improvements in biotechnology by highlighting the aesthetics of the « recreated » and « reconstructed » bionic meta-body. I chose as a starting point a particular set of artworks that use biotechnology as their medium and field of inquiry. Publisher(s) I present five « ideal-type » categories of aesthetic representations of bioart in Athéna éditions ordrer to understand these artistic fictions in the actual biotechnological context. These five « tables of thought » are not absolute : translucent body, ISSN prostheses to the body (symbiosis of man and machine), trans-specific hybridities (encounters with the absolutely Other), culture of the 0831-1048 (print) « semi-living » (new skins and « bio-facts »), desire for ubiquity. 1923-5771 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Bouratsis, S. E. (2011). Auto-métamorphoses : biotechnologies et fictions scientifiques dans l’art d’aujourd’hui.
    [Show full text]
  • In Better Fettle: Improvement, Work and Rhetoric in the Transition to Environmental Farming in the North York Moors
    Durham E-Theses In Better Fettle: Improvement, Work and Rhetoric in the Transition to Environmental Farming in the North York Moors EMERY, STEVEN,BLAKE How to cite: EMERY, STEVEN,BLAKE (2010) In Better Fettle: Improvement, Work and Rhetoric in the Transition to Environmental Farming in the North York Moors, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/379/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: e-theses.admin@dur.ac.uk Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 In Better Fettle: Improvement, Work and Rhetoric in the Transition to Environmental Farming in the North York Moors Steven B. Emery Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in anthropology and geography Durham University 2010 Abstract Through ethnographic research amongst farmers in the North York Moors, and through broader historical and political analysis, I examine the importance and role of values in hard work and beneficent change in negotiated interactions between policy-makers, farmers and conservationists.
    [Show full text]