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Stretching Unprimed Vs. Pre-Primed Canvas for Painting
INFORMATION JUST PAINT SHEETS 8/07 No. 3 Developed in collaboration with Conservator James Bernstein and Golden Artist Colors, Inc. Stretching Unprimed vs. Pre-primed Canvas for Painting Pre-stretching traditional size. A stretched linen canvas by the weave in an unfavorable position. It is itself on a humid day would become taut. wisest to pre-stretch as a separate step. This Unprepared Canvas When there is an animal glue size on a linen aligns the weave as fabric tension is For ultimate fabric choice, unprimed canvas, the animal glue swells and the canvas estimated. If a fabric is very responsive, the canvas offers the most possibilities. The becomes less tight. Conversely, a linen first stretching may be done barehanded artist is not limited by the variety or size of canvas by itself on a dry day would become (without pliers), as the canvas should not fabrics available pre-primed. limp. However, animal glue under dry initially be stretched too taut. Allowance has If starting with unprepared linen, cotton, conditions shrinks and becomes taut. Thus to be left for subsequent wetting and rinsing or other fabric for painting, preliminary the opposite natural behaviors of linen and that will tighten the fabric significantly preparation of the canvas is essential. A animal glue are dynamically opposed and (albeit temporarily). common misunderstanding is that the help hold each other in tow. The pre-stretched canvas should be application of size or ground layer coatings This dynamic is not as well balanced for gradually and uniformly moistened and then will correct or compensate for all sorts of cotton canvas. -
Jennifer Brunton 2017
The Zibby Garnett Travelling Fellowship Report by Jennifer Brunton MLitt Technical Art History. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio, USA. th th 9 July – 16 July 2017. Zibby Garnett Travel Fellowship Report Jennifer Brunton 2017 Table of Contents Introduction 1 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Budget 2 Placement Overview 3 2.1 Cleveland 3 2.2 The Cleveland Museum of Art 4 3.1 Learning Objectives 4 4.1 Day 1: Stretching the First Canvas 6 4.2 Day 2: Part One. Working on a Glue Size Recipe 8 4.2.1 Day 2: Part Two: Preparing a Glue Ground Layer 10 4.3 Day 3: The Second Canvas and WOW! 11 4.3.1 WOW! (Wade Oval Wednesday) 13 4.4 Day 4: Experimenting with Ground Recipes 13 4.5 Day 5: Last Day and Boiling the Third Canvas 14 4.6 Back in Glasgow: Stretching the Huckaback Canvas 16 Conclusion 19 Acknowledgements 20 Appendix 1 21 Appendix 2 22 Appendix 3 24 Zibby Garnett Travel Fellowship Report Jennifer Brunton 2017 Image Credits All images not credited are copyright of the author, with permission from The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio. Figure 1. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_cities/cleveland.jpg Figure 2. http://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/images/homepage- feature/full/BannerBenefit_desktop.jpg Figure 22. http://www.universitycircle.org/events/2017/06/14/wow-wade-oval-wednesdays Zibby Garnett Travel Fellowship Report Jennifer Brunton 2017 Introduction. 1.1 Overview. My name is Jennifer Brunton, I am 22 years of age, and currently studying for a post- graduate degree in Technical Art History at the Centre for Textile Conservation and Technical Art History at the University of Glasgow. -
Tailoring Series TECHNIQUES for TAILORING UNDERLINING a TAILORED GARMENT—Underlining Is a Second Layer of Fabric. It Is Cut By
tailoring series TECHNIQUES FOR TAILORING UNDERLINING A TAILORED GARMENT—Underlining is a second layer of fabric. It is cut by the garment pattern pieces and staystitched to the wrong side of the corresponding outer sections before any seams are joined. The two layers are then handled as one. As a general guide, most suit jackets and coats look more pro- fessional when underlined. Underlining is especially recommended for lightweight wool materials, loosely woven materials and light- colored materials. For additional information on selecting fabrics for underlining and applying the underlining, see Lining a Shirt 01' Dress HE 72, N. C. Agricultural Extension Service. STAYSTITCHING—Staystitch all outer garment pieces before construction begins. If garment is underlined, stays-titching is done when the two layers of fabric are sewn together. Staystitch 1/3 in. outside seamline (on the seam allowance). Stay- stitch “ with matching cotton thread on all curved *areas that may stretch during construction such as necklines, side seams, shoulder seams, armholes, and side seams of skirt. Use directional stitching always to prevent stretching of fabric and to prevent one layer of fabric from riding. The direction to stitch is indicated by small arrows on the pattern on the seamlines. INTERFACINGS—Select a high quality hair canvas for the front and collar of coats and jackets. The percentage of wool indicates the quality—the higher the wool content of the canvas the better the quality. Since a high percentage of wool makes the hair canvas fairly dark in color, it cannot be used successfully under light-colored fabrics. In these cases use an interfacing lighter in color and lower in wool content. -
Women's Clothing in the 18Th Century
National Park Service Park News U.S. Department of the Interior Pickled Fish and Salted Provisions A Peek Inside Mrs. Derby’s Clothes Press: Women’s Clothing in the 18th Century In the parlor of the Derby House is a por- trait of Elizabeth Crowninshield Derby, wearing her finest apparel. But what exactly is she wearing? And what else would she wear? This edition of Pickled Fish focuses on women’s clothing in the years between 1760 and 1780, when the Derby Family were living in the “little brick house” on Derby Street. Like today, women in the 18th century dressed up or down depending on their social status or the work they were doing. Like today, women dressed up or down depending on the situation, and also like today, the shape of most garments was common to upper and lower classes, but differentiated by expense of fabric, quality of workmanship, and how well the garment fit. Number of garments was also determined by a woman’s class and income level; and as we shall see, recent scholarship has caused us to revise the number of garments owned by women of the upper classes in Essex County. Unfortunately, the portrait and two items of clothing are all that remain of Elizabeth’s wardrobe. Few family receipts have survived, and even the de- tailed inventory of Elias Hasket Derby’s estate in 1799 does not include any cloth- ing, male or female. However, because Pastel portrait of Elizabeth Crowninshield Derby, c. 1780, by Benjamin Blythe. She seems to be many other articles (continued on page 8) wearing a loose robe over her gown in imitation of fashionable portraits. -
The “African Print” Hoax: Machine Produced Textiles Jeopardize African Print Authenticity
The “African Print” Hoax: Machine Produced Textiles Jeopardize African Print Authenticity by Tunde M. Akinwumi Department of Home Science University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria Abstract The paper investigated the nature of machine-produced fabric commercially termed African prints by focusing on a select sample of these prints. It established that the general design characteristics of this print are an amalgam of mainly Javanese, Indian, Chinese, Arab and European artistic tradition. In view of this, it proposed that the prints should reflect certain aspects of Africanness (Africanity) in their design characteristics. It also explores the desirability and choice of certain design characteristics discovered in a wide range of African textile traditions from Africa south of the Sahara and their application with possible design concepts which could be generated from Macquet’s (1992) analysis of Africanity. This thus provides a model and suggestion for new African prints which might be found acceptable for use in Africa and use as a veritable export product from Africa in the future. In the commercial parlance, African print is a general term employed by the European textile firms in Africa to identify fabrics which are machine-printed using wax resins and dyes in order to achieve batik effect on both sides of the cloth, and a term for those imitating or achieving a resemblance of the wax type effects. They bear names such as abada, Ankara, Real English Wax, Veritable Java Print, Guaranteed Dutch Java Hollandis, Uniwax, ukpo and chitenge. Using the term ‘African Print’ for all the brand names mentioned above is only acceptable to its producers and marketers, but to a critical mind, the term is a misnomer and therefore suspicious because its origin and most of its design characteristics are not African. -
Glossary of Terms
Glossary of Terms Areal Density : It is the weight of fabric per unit area. Assortment : It is the selection and classification of raw jute according to fibre characteristics prior to packing or baling. Bag - A Twill : A double warp hemmed twill bag of 112 X 67.5 cm size and weighing 1190 g with three blue stripes woven along the length of the bag and used for packing sugar. Bag - B Twill : A double warp hemmed twill sacking bag measuring 112 X 67.5 cm and weighing 1020 g has the capacity of holding 95 kg of foodgrains. With three blue stripes woven along the length of the bag and is used for packing foodgrain. Due to ILO stipulation, a new type of B.Twill bag has been developed with 50 kg capacity, dimensions 94 X 57 cm and bag weight of 665 g. Bale (Kutcha) : A package of raw jute consists of various morahs, usually weighing 130 kg to 150 kg and sometimes only 55 kg It is bound with jute ropes. Bale ( Pucca) : It is hydraulically pressed bale of raw jute usually bound with jute ropes. Its standard size is ( 120 X 45 X 50 ) cm having net weight of 180 kg. Bale ( Fabric or Jute Bags) : A rectangular or square pressed, rigid package, containing jute fabrics or bags, covered with bale covering with outer layer stiched and bounded by metal hoopes in conformity with the relevant specifications. The bales containing jute bagging do not have bale covering. Batch : A quantity of raw jute selected from various asoortments to produce yarn of desired type of quality. -
How Is Chintz Made and Where Does It Originate? Where Is It Commonly
How is chintz 1. It is a closely woven, lustrous, plain weave cotton fabric, printed or made and where plain, that has been glazed with starch or glue and then friction does it originate? calendered. Much used for curtains and upholstery. Where is it 2. It was originally a painted or stained calico produced in India and commonly used? popular for bed covers, quilts and draperies, popular in Europe in 17th century and 18th century, where it was imported and later produced. Europeans at first produced reproductions of Indian designs, and later added original patterns. 3. A well-known make was toile de Jouy, which was manufactured in Jouy, France between 1700 and 1843. Today it usually consists of bright patterns printed on a light background. Which weave is used 1. It is a rich fabric using the Jacquard weave where an all over to produce Brocade, interwoven design usually floral patterns. and where is it used? 2. It is used for upholstery and other interior products and often incorporates gold, silver or other metallic yarns. 3. It is also used in Chinese garments. 4. Brocade is typically woven on a draw loom. It is a supplementary weft technique, that is, the ornamental brocading is produced by a supplementary, non-structural, weft in addition to the standard weft that holds the warp threads together. The purpose of this is to give the appearance that the weave actually was embroidered on. How are chenille yarns 1. The weft yarn is manufactured by placing short lengths of yarn, called made and how are they the "pile", between two "core yarns" and then twisting the yarn used? together. -
Flexible Supports
MATERIALS INFORMATION and TECHNICAL RESOURCES for ARTISTS - Flexible Supports There are pros and cons to all solid and flexible supports. Generally speaking, an ideal support will be able to withstand fluctuations in RH and temperature, possess an adequate level of absorbency and/or tooth, and will not become brittle or fragile with age. One drawback that is often associated with flexible supports is that they are more susceptible to being damaged by physical contact (e.g. tears, impact cracks, punctures, etc.) In addition, flexible supports are more likely to respond to changes in the environment, giving rise to draws in the corners, an overall loss of tension, and other planar deformations. Such damages can lead to both short and long term condition issues and can affect the stability of the paint and ground layers. Because of these issues, artists are highly encouraged to affix protective backing boards to the reverse of their paintings. Rigid supports, on the other hand, are less likely to withstand physical damage. Although some will still react to changes in the environment (e.g. warping, cracking, etc.), there are steps that artists can take to mitigate these problems. One such method is to adhere a fabric support over the face of the rigid panel. This allows the paint/ground layers to remain somewhat flexible should the rigid support exhibit warping and/or cracking. Rigid supports can also be cradled, particularly if they are large in size, to counteract possible warping or other types of planar deformations. FLEXIBLE SUPPORTS Canvas The use of fabric supports for painting dates to Greek and Roman times. -
Featured Color: CHAR-BLACK TRIB 3413C BELLA + CANVAS UNISEX TRIBLEND SHORT-SLEEVE T-SHIRT Fabric: 3.8 Oz., 50% Polyester, 25% Co
3413C BELLA + CANVAS UNISEX TRIBLEND SHORT-SLEEVE T-SHIRT Fabric: • 3.8 oz., 50% polyester, 25% combed and ringspun cotton, 25% rayon • 40 single 3.8 oz. • Black Heather Triblend: 70% combed ring-spun cotton, 15% polyester, 15% rayon Features: • Retail fit • Unisex sizing • Sideseamed Sizes: XS-4XL MSRP: Call for pricing 37 Available Colors Featured Color: CHAR-BLACK TRIB Blue True Aqua Trblnd Royal Triblend Sea Teal Steel Green Triblend Blu Denim Navy Navy Triblend Trbldn Triblend Solid Purple Berry Nvy Triblend Triblend Red Cardinal Maroon Triblend Trblnd Triblend Clay Orange Yllw Triblend Triblend Gld Oatmeal Brown Ath Triblend Triblend Grey Grey Char-black Sd Triblend Trib Dark Blk Sld Mint Hthr Blk Triblend Green Grass Emerald Triblend Grn Triblend Solid Wht Ice Wht Flck Blue Mauve Olive Peach Triblend Triblend Triblend Solid Red 3413C BELLA + CANVAS UNISEX TRIBLEND SHORT-SLEEVE T-SHIRT Product Specifications S M L XL 2XL - - - - - BODY LENGTH 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - BODY WIDTH 18 20 22 24 26 - - - - - FULL BODY LENGTH 28 29 30 31 32 - - - - - NECK CIRCUMFERENCE 7 7.25 7.5 7.75 8 - - - - - SLEEVE LENGTH 8.25 8.63 9.13 9.63 10.25 - - - - - How to Measure BODY LENGTH: Lay garment flat (face down). Measure from center back neckline seam straight down to bottom of the front hem. BODY WIDTH: Lay garment flat. 1" below the armhole flat measure the garment across the chest. FULL BODY LENGTH: Lay garment flat(face down). Measure from center back neckline seam straight down to back bottom hem. NECK CIRCUMFERENCE: Lay collar open. -
How to Needlepoint
How to Needlepoint A quick guide for the on the go learner to get started stitching By Casey Sheahan What is needlepoint? Needlepoint is a type of embroidery where wool, cotton or silk is threaded through an open weave canvas. Needlepoint can be used to create many different objects, crafts or art canvases. Sources : Colorsheets, Viviva, and Shovava. “What Is Needlepoint? Learn the DIY Basics to Begin This Fun and Colorful Craft.” My Modern Met, 9 Sept. 2018, https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-needlepoint/. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Needlepoint.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 Sept. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/art/needlepoint#:~:targetText=Needlepoint as it is known,the foundation for the embroidery Needlework has been around for centuries. Throughout history we have seen a variety of different types History of of stitching. Tapestries have been found dating back to the 15th century Needlepoint and needlepoint was even found in the cave of a Pharaoh. In the 17th century when upholstered furniture became pooular. Source: “The English Needlepoint.” Ghorbany, https://ghorbany.com/inspiration/the-english-needlepoint. Getting Started Now that you know a little more about the history of needlepoint, you will start collecting your materials to begin stitching. Getting Started Material Options: Threads and Yarns Althea DeBrule outlines some of the most common types of threads used in needlepoint. Persian Yarn: By far the most popular yarn used for needlepoint. Persian wool can be be purchased in hundreds of colors from delicate hues to bold shades. Tapestry Yarn: Tapestry wool is a single strand thread that cannot be separated for fine stitching. -
Select Fabric by the Yard Fabric Content
Color Name Composition White Textured 80% Rayon, 20% Linen White Canvas 100% Cotton Snow Arrow 100% Cotton Cloud Canvas 100% Cotton Vine Snow White 100% Polyester Vine Cotton 57% Cotton, 43% Polyester Vine Mod Silver 100% Polyester Light Sateen 100% Polyester Bungalow Canvas 100% Cotton Bungalow 100% Cotton Mineral Canvas 100% Cotton Foggy Arrow 100% Polyester River Stone Arrow 100% Polyester Peat Arrow 100% Polyester Graphite Canvas 100% Cotton Red Canvas 100% Cotton Navy Canvas 100% Cotton Black Canvas 100% Cotton Modern Lattice White 100% Cotton Modern Lattice French Grey 100% Cotton Modern Lattice Urban Grey 100% Cotton Modern Lattice Slate Grey 100% Cotton Modern Lattice Saffron 100% Cotton Sunrise Scribble 100% Cotton Sunset Scribble 100% Cotton Midnight Scribble 100% Cotton Stone Chandelier 100% Cotton Anthracite Chandelier 100% Cotton Sapphire Chandelier 100% Cotton Wind 100% Cotton Canyon 100% Cotton Midnight Sky 100% Cotton Shadow 100% Cotton Winston Stone 100% Cotton Drifter Birchbark 100% Cotton Breeze 100% Cotton Bark 100% Cotton Sky 100% Cotton Night 100% Cotton Victorian Floral Jade 100% Cotton Country Sunrise 100% Cotton Bohemian Red 100% Cotton Textured Cream 100% Polyester Parchment Textured 100% Polyester Tan Textured 100% Polyester Camel Textured 100% Polyester Walnut Textured 100% Polyester Indigo Textured 100% Polyester Stone Textured 100% Polyester Cottage Grain 100% Polyester Dewdrop Paris Braid 53% Polyester, 47% Cotton Morrocan Tan 53% Polyester, 47% Cotton Morrocan Grey 53% Polyester, 47% Cotton Midnight Paris -
CANVAS OPTIONS Lexjet.Com
1-800-453-9538 CANVAS OPTIONS lexjet.com Explore the colorful world of canvas Having trouble finding the right canvas? We’ve got lots of options in stock to breathe new life into your canvas-printing business. Here are the canvas options available from LexJet for high-volume and consistent production of fine art, photographic and commercial graphics. Sunset by Fredrix Matte Canvas Sunset Select Matte Canvas AQUEOUS Heavyweight 470gsm, 20mil medium poly-cotton blend Poly-cotton blend with acid-free, pH-neutral coating AQUEOUS with medium texture 408gsm, 18mil light texture with Oxford 2-over-1 weave Brightest white point for a natural, OBA-free canvas Highest white point among LexJet canvas offerings Traditional 2-over-1 weave with a pH-neutral, delivers exceptional color gamut acid-free base Easy to stretch and finish for multiple display applications Sunset Reserve Bright Matte Canvas Sunset Reserve Matte Canvas AQUEOUS Bright-white 400gsm, 20mil matte canvas with an Neutral-white matte canvas with Oxford 2-over-1 weave AQUEOUS Oxford 2-over-1 weave 400gsm, 20mil water-resistant poly-cotton blend with Water-resistant, poly-cotton blend with medium texture medium texture for greater durability and ease in stretching Warmer white, OBA-free finish with acid-free, pH-neutral Acid-free, pH-neutral coating and bright-white point that coating that provides consistent colors provides consistent, accurate colors Sunset Reserve Gloss Canvas Instant Dry Satin Canvas AQUEOUS Instant dry for easy finishing and handling Bright white