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2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Letter from the Chair Letter from the Crisis Director Format of the Committee Awards Information Character List Topic 1: Terror in Tripoli- Origins of the Libyan Civil War Introduction History Libya’s First and Last King- Gaddafi’s Rise to Power Libya Under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi Gaddafi’s Revolutionary Message Relevance to Time Period- Leading to the 2011 Civil War Libya Takes a Radical Route Political Repression The Arab Spring Questions to Consider Topic 2: “The Mad Dog of the Middle East:” Gaddafi’s International Legacy Introduction Background Relations with the World The West Russia The Middle East & Pan Arabism Africa Non State Actors Questions to Consider Final Thoughts Works Cited 3 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Dear Delegates, My name is Sathvika, and I’ll be your Chair this coming BosMUN weekend. I’m a senior studying Psychology & International Relations, and I’m excited to spend the weekend with you for what promises to be a nuanced and challenging committee. “Benghazi, Benghazi!” We’ve heard this word over and over on TV during the recent U.S. Presidential campaign, in reference to Hillary Clinton’s role as Secretary of State. What actually IS Benghazi? We’re going to explore the intricate history of the Libyan Civil War, concentrating our critical examination on the whims and woes of a very unique, dynamic dictator—Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. Take yourself to back to a time and place where humanity’s pivotal questions have unraveled themselves- how do you ensure your nation and people’s success? Which political philosophy works the best? Where do you derive your legitimacy- In other words, why do you have power and I don’t? Joining me is my Vice Chair, Hafzat Akanni. Hafzat is a freshman majoring in Journalism and minoring in International Relations. She was born in Nigeria and lived there until she was 4. She then moved to Ireland, spending the next 12 years in Dublin. She moved to the United States in 2013. I strongly encourage you to research this committee beyond the background guide, and push yourself to truly examine different points of view- one as you are- Gaddafi’s loyal cabinet member, one of a Libyan citizen, and one from the eyes of the outside world, looking in on your every move. Remember, everyone thinks their own version of history is right. Matt, your Crisis Director, and I are immensely looking forward to the thought-provoking debate, sophisticated crises, and the research and opinions that you bring to this committee. At the risk of a sizeable promise, I assure you that if you come prepared, it’ll be one of the most memorable and challenging committees of your high school Model UN career. If you have any questions, please reach out to me at my email listed below. Take care, Comrades! Best regards, Sathvika Ramachandran Chair, [email protected] 4 LETTER FROM THE CRISIS DIRECTOR Hello Delegates, My name is Matt Manarchy and I will be your Crisis Director for Muammar Gaddafi’s Cabinet. I am a junior at Boston University, studying International Relations, Middle East-North Africa Studies, and Arabic. Outside of class, I am involved in BU’s International Affairs Association, the Model UN Travel Team, BosMUN’s senior staff, and the Secretariat of BU’s collegiate conference, BarMUN X. Before moving to Boston for my studies, I grew up in Los Angeles, and have been involved in competitive debate since high school. When not in school, I enjoy hiking, camping, and backpacking as well as practicing photography back home in LA. The reign of Muammar Gaddafi is an interesting time in Libya’s History, and is part of my favorite areas of study in the Middle East; authoritarian regimes. Sathvika and I have been hard at work creating this committee for you all and we are very excited that it is finally coming to life. We are very excited to meet you all in February and I am certain that you all will be fantastic delegates. Something to remember when things get heated in committee; we participate in Model UN because it is fun. So let’s make this the best committee any of us have participated in so far. Best of luck, Matt Manarchy Crisis Director, [email protected] 5 FORMAT OF COMMITTEE This committee will be run as cabinet gatherings of Muammar Gaddafi’s cabinet. The goal of this committee is to advance Gaddafi’s efforts towards maintaining power and legitimacy against rebel forces. Our first meeting will be held on Tuesday, February 15, 2011. As the chair, I’m ​ going to be Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. ​ Debate This committee will run by default as a perpetual moderated caucus. The following are my parliamentary procedure rules for debate. If the committee wants to change them at any time in an effort to improve debate, simply motion for it and I’ll entertain it. Chair’s Discretion: I will abstain from voting, but if I feel as if debate has stagnated, I retain the right to use chair’s discretion. I also hold veto powers that cannot be overridden. Documents Our committee will use 4 different types of documents. ​ ​ 1. Directive: A document that orders the Cabinet of Muammar Gaddafi to take an official, concrete action. This is similar to a resolution, but more direct, less formal, and should be written and passed much more often than in a General Assembly. 2. Press Release: A document that outlines a public statement the committee wishes to express. ​ 3. Communiqué: An official communication to another organization or individual. It can be sent to another delegate. It may also be sent to another individual or organization not represented in the simulation, which will then be played by the crisis room. 4. Individual Action Order: Delegates should use this to secretly order something that is fully within their purview and would not require committee-wife approval for implementation. This is the document you would write to utilize the portfolio powers outlined in your character’s dossier. Individual Action Orders should be sent to the Crisis Room, and may or may not be approved at the discretion of the crisis team. Crisis Room At BosMUN, we strive to offer an opportunity for every delegate to shape their simulated world, and so we will make the best possible attempt to implement your Individual Action Orders. When sending a note to the crisis room however, please be creative in whom you address it to, and remain within the realistic purview of your character’s power. Please remember to sign all notes, and be respectful to the Crisis Room as well as your fellow committee members. 6 AWARDS INFORMATION Delegates are encouraged to promote the best possible solutions to the committee’s substantive problems. Awards will specifically be given to the individuals who shape the debate and results of the committee the most throughout the conference. In other words, those who best influence the content of the committee’s proceedings will be considered for awards. This can be accomplished through all means available, including utilization of the Crisis Room, speaking, writing, and caucusing. The opinions of the Crisis Director, Vice Chair, and Crisis Staff will play heavily into awards decisions. Please do not disrespect your fellow delegates and/or committee staff, or you will automatically be disqualified for an award. Specific to this committee, the committee staff will be looking closely for strong commitment to your character, mastery of the fine balance between being a team player and a leader, the ability to intelligently maneuver the course of committee, and some genuine revolutionary spirit. CHARACTER LIST 1. Prime Minister of the General People’s Committee 2. Deputy Prime Minister of the General People’s Committee 3. Minister of Defense 4. Minister of Foreign Affairs 5. Minister of Intelligence/Director of the External Security Organization 6. Minister of Health 7. Minister of Planning 8. Minister of the Economy, Trade, and Investment 9. Governor of The Central Bank of Libya 10. Minister of Culture and Information 11. Minister of Justice 12. Minister of Finance 13. Minister of Public Security 14. Minister of Education 15. Minister of Industry and Mines 16. Minister of Agriculture, Animal Wealth, and Marine Resources 17. Minister of Social Affairs 18. Minister of Health and the Environment 19. Minister of Telecommunications and Transport 20. Minister of Electricity, Water Resources, and Gas 21. Minister of Manpower, Training, and Operation 22. Minister of Oil 23. Minister of the Interior 24. Commanding General of the Revolutionary Guard Corps 25. General Chief of Staff 26. Commanding General of the Army 7 27. Commanding Admiral of the Navy 28. Commanding General of the Air Force 29. Commanding General of the Air Defense Forces 30. Minister of Tourism, Sports, and Youth TOPIC 1: TERROR IN TRIPOLI …Origins of the Libyan Civil War INTRODUCTION How do you kill a man? With the vestiges of Tripoli’s fall on the world’s mind, during the month of October 2011 airstrikes unapologetically and indiscriminately blasted everything in sight. One man by the name of Muammar Gaddafi cozied himself up in a large sewage pipe with a few of his bodyguards. What happened next gets a little hazy. From one account, a group of rebel fighters opened fire, wounding Gaddafi in the back and legs. Rebels ran to the drainage pipe that Gaddafi was hiding in and ordered him to crawl out. He was allegedly dragged to his feet, and the rebels screamed, 8 “Muammar, Muammar!” But a UN report released in 2012 revealed a different story. One of Gaddafi’s own men threw a grenade at the wall, which ricocheted and fell in front of Gaddafi, killing him shortly after.
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