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International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 367 Preliminary Report South China Sea Rifted Margin Testing hypotheses for lithosphere thinning during continental breakup: drilling at the South China Sea rifted margin 7 February–9 April 2017 Zhen Sun, Joann Stock, Adam Klaus, and the Expedition 367 Scientists Publisher’s notes Core samples and the wider set of data from the science program covered in this report are under moratorium and accessible only to Science Party members until 29 September 2018. This publication was prepared by the JOIDES Resolution Science Operator (JRSO) at Texas A&M University (TAMU) as an account of work performed under the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP). Funding for IODP is provided by the following international partners: National Science Foundation (NSF), United States Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), People’s Republic of China Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Australia-New Zealand IODP Consortium (ANZIC) Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), India Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazil Portions of this work may have been published in whole or in part in other IODP documents or publications. Disclaimer Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the participating agencies, TAMU, or Texas A&M Research Foundation. Copyright Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US). Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction are permitted, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation Sun, Z., Stock, J., Klaus, A., and the Expedition 367 Scientists, 2018. Expedition 367 Preliminary Report: South China Sea Rifted Margin. International Ocean Discovery Program. https://doi.org/10.14379/iodp.pr.367.2018 ISSN World Wide Web: 2372-9562 August 2018 Z. Sun et al. Expedition 367 Preliminary Report Expedition 367 participants Expedition 367 scientists Zhen Sun Jessica L. Hinojosa Co-Chief Scientist Sedimentologist CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences South China Sea Institute of Oceanology California Institute of Technology China USA [email protected] [email protected] Joann M. Stock Tobias W. Höfig Co-Chief Scientist Petrologist Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences International Ocean Discovery Program California Institute of Technology Texas A&M University USA USA [email protected] [email protected] Adam Klaus Kan-Hsi Hsiung Expedition Project Manager/Staff Scientist Sedimentologist International Ocean Discovery Program Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Texas A&M University Japan USA [email protected] [email protected] Baoqi Huang Jacopo Boaga Paleontologist (foraminifers) Petrophysics (Physical Properties) Specialist Department of Geology Dipartimento di Gioscienze Peking University Università degli Studi di Padova China Italy [email protected] [email protected] Xiao-Long Huang Anne Briais Petrologist Petrophysics (Physical Properties) Specialist Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Observatoire Midi-Pyrenes Chinese Academy of Sciences Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique China France [email protected] [email protected] Benjamin G. Johnson Yifeng Chen Sedimentologist Inorganic Geochemist Geology and Geography Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry West Virginia University Chinese Academy of Sciences USA China [email protected] [email protected] Chao Lei Michael J. Dorais Petrophysics (Physical Properties) Specialist Inorganic Geochemist Department of Marine Science Department of Geological Sciences College of Marine Science and Technology Brigham Young University China University of Geosciences USA China [email protected] [email protected] Akira Furusawa Li Li Paleontologist (foraminifers) Organic Geochemist Department of Geoscience State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Shimane University Tongji University Japan China [email protected] [email protected] 3 Z. Sun et al. Expedition 367 Preliminary Report Zhifei Liu Rong Xiang Sedimentologist Paleontologist (foraminifers) State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology Tongji University South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of China Sciences [email protected] China [email protected] Antonio Luna Petrologist Rajeev Yadav Department of Geology Petrophysics (Physical Properties) Specialist University of South Florida, Tampa Department of Marine Geophysics USA National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) [email protected] India [email protected] Claudia Lupi Paleontologist (nannofossils) Liang Yi Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Paleomagnetist Università degli Studi di Pavia State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Italy Tongji University [email protected] China [email protected] Anders J. McCarthy Petrologist Cuimei Zhang Institute of Earth Sciences Structural Geologist University of Lausanne CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology Switzerland South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of [email protected] Sciences China Michael Nirrengarten [email protected] Structural Geologist Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg Jinchang Zhang France Petrophysics (Physical Properties) Specialist [email protected] CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Caroline Robinson Sciences Sedimentologist China School of Earth Sciences [email protected] Ohio State University USA Yang Zhang [email protected] Paleomagnetist Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Isabel Sauermilch Purdue University Petrophysics (Physical Properties) Specialist USA Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) [email protected] University of Tasmania Australia Ning Zhao [email protected] Sedimentologist Department of Geology and Geophysics Steven M. Skinner Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Paleomagnetist USA Department of Geology [email protected] California State University, Sacramento USA Lifeng Zhong [email protected] Petrologist School of Marine Sciences Xiang Su Sun Yat-Sen University Paleontologist (nannofossils) China CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology [email protected] South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences China [email protected] 4 Z. Sun et al. Expedition 367 Preliminary Report Observer Chih-Chieh Su Sedimentologist/Observer Institute of Oceanography National Taiwan University Taiwan [email protected] Education and outreach Alessia Cicconi Jiansong Zhang Education/Outreach Officer Education/Outreach Officer Liceo Classico “F. Stabili - E. Trebbiani” Ascoli Piceno China School of Science and Technology [email protected] Geology Division University of Camerino Italy [email protected] SIEM Offshore AS officials Terry Skinner Sam McLelland Master of the Drilling Vessel Offshore Installation Manager Technical support Robert Aduddell Edwin Garrett Engineer Paleomagnetism Laboratory Alexis Armstrong Rachael Gray X-Ray Laboratory Core Laboratory Heather Barnes Jan Jurie Kotze Assistant Laboratory Officer Marine Instrumentation Specialist Chad Broyles Zenon Mateo Curatorial Specialist Underway Geophysics Laboratory/Downhole Tools Michael Cannon Stephen Midgley Marine Computer Specialist Operations Superintendent Etienne Claassen Erik Moortgat Marine Instrumentation Specialist Chemistry Laboratory Ty Cobb Chieh Peng Physical Properties Laboratory Assistant Laboratory Officer William Crawford Vincent Percuoco Senior Imaging Specialist Chemistry Laboratory Benjamin Daniel Alyssa Stephens Core Laboratory Publications Specialist Roy Davis Kerry Swain Laboratory Officer Logging Engineer David Fackler Steven Thomas Applications Developer Marine Computer Specialist Seth Frank Rui Wang Thin Section Laboratory Applications Developer 5 Z. Sun et al. Expedition 367 Preliminary Report Abstract seismic reflection profiles, and can be correlated between the two sites using both seismic reflectors and biostratigraphy. Together International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 367 is the with results from other holes previously drilled in the SCS, these first of two consecutive cruises that form the South China Sea samples will help to constrain changes in paleoceanographic condi- Rifted Margin program. Expeditions 367 and 368 share the com- tions during the Miocene in this part of the SCS basin. mon key objectives of testing scientific hypotheses of breakup of the northern South China Sea (SCS) margin and comparing its rifting Introduction style and history to other nonvolcanic or magma-poor rifted mar- gins. Four primary sites were selected for the overall program: one The South China Sea (SCS) margin (Figure F1) is an accessible in the outer margin high (OMH) and three seaward of the OMH on and well-imaged location where drilling of synrift sediment and un- distinct, margin-parallel basement ridges. These ridges are infor- derlying basement will provide key constraints on the processes of mally labeled A, B, and C within the continent–ocean transition rifting and eventual rupturing of the continental lithosphere