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Physics Teaching and Research at Göttingen University 2 G R E E T I N G from the President 3

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Physics Teaching and Research at Göttingen University 2 G R E E T I N G from the President 3 1 Physics Teaching and Research at Göttingen University 2 GREETIN G FROM THE PRESIDENT 3 Greeting from the President Physics has always been of particular importance for the Current research focuses on solid state and materials phy- Georg-August Universität Göttingen. As early as 1770, Georg sics, astrophysics and particle physics, biophysics and com- Christoph Lichtenberg became the first professor of Physics, plex systems, as well as multi-faceted theoretical physics. Mathematics and Astronomy. Since then, Göttingen has hos- Since 2003 the Physics institutes have been housed in a new ted numerous well-known scientists working and teaching physics building on the north campus with the natural sci- in the fields of physics and astronomy. Some of them have ence faculties, in close proximity to chemistry, geosciences greatly influenced the world view of physics. As an example, and biology as well as to the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for I would like to mention the foundation of quantum mecha- Biophysical Chemistry, the MPI for Dynamics and Self Orga- nics by Max Born and Werner Heisenberg in the 1920s. Göt- nization and soon the MPI for Solar Systems and Beyond. tingen physicists such as Georg Christoph Lichtenberg and This is also associated with intense interdisciplinary scien- in particular Robert Pohl have set the course in teaching as tific cooperation, exemplified by two collaborative research well. It is also worth mentioning that Göttingen physicists centers, the Bernstein Center for Computational Neurosci- have accepted social and political responsibility, for example ence (BCCN) and the Center for Molecular Physiology of the Wilhelm Weber, who was one of the Göttingen Seven who Brain (CMBP). Participation in new interdisciplinary degree protested in 1837 against the abrogation of the constitutio- programs in materials science and medical natural scien- nal law by King Ernst August. By signing the Göttingen de- ces is in the planning stage. With this booklet, the Faculty claration of 1957, eighteen nuclear scientists fought against of Physics presents itself as a highly productive and modern the nuclear armament of the Federal Republic of Germany. faculty, with the institutes united in one new building, em- bedded in an attractive and powerful scientific environment Physics in Göttingen experienced its heyday from about 1900 and thus perfectly prepared for future scientific challenges. onwards, when famous scientists such as Werner Heisen- berg, Max Born, Emil Wiechert and Karl Schwarzschild taught and did research here. When the National Socialists came to power in 1933, this golden age came to an abrupt end. Not until the end of the Second World War could Physics in Göt- tingen start to develop again. Further institutes were affilia- ted with the Faculty of Physics, amongst them the Institute of Geophysics, which was founded in 1898, and the Institute of Astrophysics, which originated from the University Obser- vatory. This observatory was founded in 1816 and has always Prof. Dr. Kurt von Figura been in close contact with physics since the time when Carl President of Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Friedrich Gauß was its first director. In addition to low tem- perature physics, nuclear physics and theoretical physics, se- veral other modern areas of research have been established. The Institute for Semiconductor Physics was founded in 1965. Later, the Institute for Materials Physics and, with the availa- bility of synchrotrons as intensive X-ray sources, the Institu- te of X-ray physics were added. Today the Faculty of Physics comprises ten institutes thus enabling a broad spectrum of research and manifold options within degree courses. 4 GREETIN G F R O M T H E D E A N 5 Greeting from the Dean Since Georg Christoph Lichtenberg became the first profes- Secondly, the different institutes of the faculty were able to sor of Physics in Göttingen in 1770 and since the appointment share a new physics building for the first time.T his building of Carl Friedrich Gauß as director of the University Observa- promotes scientific exchange and gives the faculty a new vis- tory in 1807, physics and astronomy in Göttingen have had ible corporate identity. State-of-the-art research labs, lecture a remarkable development that is respected worldwide. The halls, lab course and seminar rooms are now available and of- period of prosperity of Göttingen physics in the first three fer attractive teaching and learning conditions for students decades of the 20th century was marked by the foundation and an ideal research environment for meeting the scientific of quantum mechanics by Max Born and Werner Heisenberg, challenges of the 21st century. the development of seismic methods by Emil Wiechert and The third new development concerns the introduction of the work of Karl Schwarzschild on the theory of relativity. At bachelor and master study programs as well as structured the end of the 20th century, the Faculty of Physics comprised graduate programs leading to the degrees of Dr. rer.nat. or 10 institutes: the 1st and 2nd Institutes being devoted to ex- Ph.D. For the Faculty of Physics, it was of utmost importance perimental physics going back to Robert Pohl and Nobel lau- to transfer the recognized high quality of the previous dip- reate James Franck, the Institute for Theoretical Physics with loma study program to the bachelor and master programs. Nobel laureate Max Born as its first director, the Institute of Moreover, novel teaching concepts were implemented in the Astrophysics originating from the University Observatory, new study programs and a variety of choices for specializa- the Institute of Geophysics and the younger Institutes of tion are currently offered. With the new study programs, the Semiconductor Physics, Materials Physics, X-ray Physics, Non- faculty is also striving to open up internationally. By the year linear Dynamics and Biophysics. 2010, the three mentioned developments will be essentially With the advent of the 21st century, there were three signifi- completed. With this booklet, the Faculty of Physics presents cant developments at the Faculty of Physics in Göttingen. itself as a new, modern and forward looking faculty and gives an overview of its broad research spectrum, comprehensive Firstly, a change of generation gave rise to several new ap- teaching and the modern infrastructure of the new physics pointments. This opened up new directions in research and building. I am convinced that the Faculty of Physics will be an teaching such as biophysics, astrophysics and cosmology, par- inspiring place for scientific exchange more than ever. Scien- ticle physics, solid state physics, materials physics and theo- tists and students from all over the world are cordially wel- retical physics. In connection with this development, there is come to this new domain of physics in Göttingen. an intensifying cooperation with other science faculties and extra-faculty research institutes located in Göttingen, such as the Max Planck Institutes. This is reflected in two current collaborative research programs and the research centers Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience (BCCN) and Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMBP). Furthermore, the Faculty of Physics participates in national research networks in particle physics and condensed matter physics as well as international collaborations in the field of Prof. Hans Hofsäss particle physics and astrophysics. Dean of the Faculty of Physics 6 CONTENT Content « Faculty of Physics: Research and Structure 8 The Study Paths in Physics 10 Activities of the Student Body 12 Studies of Physics Education 13 On the Shoulders of Giants: a brief History of Physics in Göttingen 16 Museum „Physicalisches Cabinet“ 19 Faculty Building 24 Central Facilities: Mechanical Machine Shop, Collection of Lecture Hall Experiments 26 Research Groups from A to Z Münzenberg, Markus 33 Bahr, Karsten 119-121 Niemeyer, Jens 129-131 Bodenschatz, Eberhard 103-105 Parlitz, Ulrich 77 Christensen, Ulrich 142 Pruschke, Thomas 48-52 de Groot, Bert 141 Pundt, Astrid 60-61 Dillmann, Andreas 106-107 Quadt, Arnulf 116-118 Dreizler, Stefan 125-127 Rehren, Karl-Henning 134-135 Enderlein, Jörg 72-74 Rein, Martin 137 Frey, Ariane 112-114 Reiners, Ansgar 128 Gegenwart, Philipp 30-32 Rizzi, Angela 40-41 Geisel, Theo 100-102 Ropers, Claus 46-47 Glatzel, Wolfgang 132 Salditt, Tim 85-87 Grubmüller, Helmut 139 Samwer, Konrad 34-36 Hell, Stefan W. 140 Schaap, Iwan 78 Hensel, Carsten 115 Schild, Detlev 138 Herminghaus, Stephan 144 Schmidt, Christoph 79-81 Hofsäss, Hans 37-39 Schönhammer, Kurt 48-52 Honecker, Andreas 48-52 Schüssler, Manfred 143 Janshoff, Andreas 75-76 Seibt, Michael 42 Jooß, Christian 54-55 Tilgner, Andreas 122-124 Kirchheim, Reiner 56-57 Timme, Marc 147 Kollatschny, Wolfram 133 Ulbrich, Rainer G. 43-45 Köster, Sarah 88-89 Vink, Richard 99 Krebs, Hans-Ulrich 58-59 Volkert, Cynthia A. 62-63 Kree, Reiner 90-92 Vollmer, Jürgen 148 Luther, Stefan 145 Wolf, Fred 149 Müller, Marcus 93-95 Wörgötter, Florentin 82-84 Müller-Hoissen, Folkert 146 Zippelius, Annette 96-98 CONTENT 7 Solid State Physics and Materials Physics « DFG – Collaborative Research Centre 602 28 First Institute of Physics 30 Second Institute of Physics 37 Fourth Institute of Physics 40 Institute for Theoretical Physics 48 Institute for Materials Physics 53 Biophysics and Physics of Complex Systems « DFG – Collaborative Research Centre 755 66 DFG – Research Centre Molecular Physiology of the Brain 67 BMBF – Bernstein Center for Computational
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