No. TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
THE STUDY ON MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND MASTER PLAN IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
FINAL REPORT
Volume 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
AUGUST 2008
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL
EGO JR 08-003 TRANSPORT PLANNING AUTHORITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
THE STUDY ON MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEM OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN REGION AND MASTER PLAN IN THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT
FINAL REPORT
Volume 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
AUGUST 2008
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY
NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL Exchange Rate: US$ 1.00 = LE 5.71 (As of June 2007) PREFACE
In response to the request form the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Government of Japan decided to conduct the “Study on Multimodal Transport and Logistics System of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Master Plan in the Arab Republic of Egypt“, and entrusted it to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
JICA selected and dispatched a study team headed by Mr. Akihisa Kojima of Nippon Koei from November 2006 to December 2007. In addition, JICA held the support meetings headed by Professor Toshinori Nemoto of Hitotsubashi University to provide advises to the Study Team during the course of the Study in Japan.
The Study Team conducted field surveys, and conducted discussions, data analysis and project formation together with the officials concerned of the Transport Planning Authority and the Ministry of Transport as well as other officials. Upon retuning to Japan, the Study Team prepared this final report.
I hope that this report will contribute to development in the Arab Republic of Egypt, and to the enhancement of friendly relationship between our two countries.
Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt for their close cooperation extended to the Study Team.
August 2008
Seiichi Nagatsuka Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency August 2008
Mr. Seiichi Nagatsuka Vice President Japan International Cooperation Agency
Letter of Transmittal
Dear Sir,
We are pleased to submit herewith the Final Report of the “Study on Multimodal Transport and Logistics System of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Master Plan in the Arab Republic of Egypt.”
The report compiles all the results of the Study and reflects the advices of the authorities concerned of the Government of Japan and your agency as well as the comments made by the counterpart organization i.e. the Transport Planning Authority, the Ministry of Transport and other authorities concerned in the Arab Republic of Egypt.
The report presents the present and future conditions of the freight logistics for export and import. It presents the overall plan for the further logistics development of all the multimodal modal and logistics system: including forwarding activities, custom clearance and procedure activities. For the newly suggested projects, more than twenty projects are proposed in addition to the projects that have been already planned by the Government of Egypt.
We wish to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to your agency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We also wish to express our deep gratitude to the Transport Planning Agency and the Ministry of Transport as well as other Government Agencies concerned in the Arab Republic of Egypt for the cooperation and assistance extended to us during the Study. We hope this report will contribute to the development of the Arab Republic of Egypt.
Very truly yours,
Ken Nishino Team Leader, Study on Multimodal Transport and Logistics System of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and Master Plan in the Arab Republic of Egypt
Location Map
Holistic Approach to Logistics Enhancement Egypt Is Rising Again Egypt Is Losing Occasion Not to Lose the Emerging CHANCE Yet It Is Not Too Late
Widening Access Channel for tw o-w ay
T Alexandria International o/ Fr Container Terminal om River Port
EU
Future Expansion KGL Container Terminal (planned) Container Terminal (Gov.)
Development of Alexandria Port Promotion of Strategic Sea Port Development Development of Damietta Port Source: Google Earth Issues Source: Google Earth Realization of Logistics System on Inland Transport Issues Lack of Container Handling Equipment Large Maintenance Dredging Volume Lack of Container Yard Enhancement of Logistics Industry Limited Channel Capacity Insufficient Water Depth Establishment of Governmental Body related to Logistics Development of Logistics Center at Port Said Port (East)
A le x A g ri cu l tu re Source: Google Earth R o a d
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n ) C o t Construction of New Burg El Alab Construction of i n air to Belonging s e n
Industrial Area: 800ha Railw ay Authority g o- a 10th of Ramadan r New Burg El Arab p U A Relocation x ( lex E
Direct Access Line Direct Access Line h t D r e Development of e s B e r New River Port t Access Channel l Existing na R Factories Development of io r it te o d Container dd a ad a (Free Zone Area) A w o Dekheila Port ak R Terminal
re t B r e
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D n i
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i M n il (Future y ard) io d at r a m a m la Y s I Warehouses and factories ec ew - R N o r ir Phase 2 fo a C Sadat City Container Terminal Industrial Area: 500ha AICT Dekheila Development of Belonging (Plan) Logistics Center to Army at 10th of Ramadan Development of Existing Plan of Construction of (Industrial Area: 3,500ha) 6th of October Port Said Port (West) Port Said Port (East) Cairo -Sue Source: Google Earth Empty Direct Access Line z De Issues sert Army Area Road Area Insufficient Water Depth Development of Insufficient Area of Container Development of Logistics Center Yard Source: Google Earth New Freight Link Issues at 6th of October Heavy Congestion at Entry Limited Area of Container Yard (Industrial Area: 2,550ha) Gate Insufficient Length of Breakwater
Regional Ring Road (Under Construction/Planning)
Example of Logistics Center Example of Modern (Bremen Logistics Centre) Necessary Programs to Develop Railcar Double Stacking Logistics Industry T o / F Forwarding/Trucking Industry r o m Service Enhancement
G u l f Human Resource Development
a n d Legal Framework Improvement
A s i a Financial Incentive n
Necessity of Modal Shift C o to Alleviate Traffic Congestion Development of Logistics Center u To Upper n to Enhance Export/Import Promotion t r Egypt i Source: www.freefoto.com e Source: www.big-bremen.de s Damietta Port Mediterranean Sea P34 Access Channel Upgrade Project SP2 Study of Numerical Simulation for Sedimentation Prevention
Port Said Port (West) R10 Burg El-Arab Access Line P35 Container Yard Expansion Project Construction Project Port Said Port (East) L3 Logistics Center Development Project SP3 Master Plan Supplemental Study SP4 Study on Bunkering Service Station
R13 Railway Improvement Project (Ferdan - Port Said Port East)
R12 10th of Ramadan Direct Access Line Construction Project (Bilbeis - 10th of Ramadan) New Burg El Alab
L2 Logistics Center Development Project (10th of Ramadan)
Alexandria Port SR1 New Freight Link Study (10th of Ramadan P27 Container Yard Expansion Project (AICT) – Helwan, Marazip Bridge) P28 Gantry Cranes Renewal and Additional RTG Installation Project (Government) P29 Container Yard Pavement Upgrade Project (Government)
Dekheila Port P30 Container Terminal Consolidation Project P31 Additional Container Yard Construction Project P32 Additional Breakwater Construction Project P33 Conveyor System Installation Project
R11 Sadat City Access Line Construction Project
W13 New River Port Construction Project Legend Railway Project
R9 6th of October Direct Access Line Railway Study Construction Project River Port Project L1 Logistics Center Development Project (6th of October) Logistics Center Project Note: Project written by bold face indicates urgent project.
Project Location Map Table of Contents
Preface Letter of Transmittal Location Map Holistic Approach to Logistics Enhancement Project Location Map
1. Study Introduction...... 1
2. Study Approach...... 3 2.1 Present Status of Export/Import Freight Transport ...... 3 2.2 Approach to New Freight Transport Development ...... 6
3. Freight Flows and Growth Scenario in 2022...... 9
4. Desired Development Plan...... 14 4.1 Maritime Freight Transportation...... 14 1) Securing International Hub Port Function...... 14 2) Strengthening of Facilities for Export/import Freight...... 15 4.2 Inland Export and Import Freight Transportation...... 16 1) Inland Freight Corridor 1: Alexandria Port – Cairo ...... 16 2) Inland Freight Corridor 2: Damietta Port – 10th of Ramadan/Cairo...... 17 3) Inland Freight Corridor 3: Port Said Port (West) – 10th of Ramadan/Cairo ...... 19 4) Inland Freight Corridor 4: Port Said Port (East) – 10th of Ramadan/Cairo ...... 20 5) Inland Freight Corridor 5: Sokhna Port -10th of Ramadan/Cairo/6th of October ...... 21 6) Inland Freight Corridor 6: Qena – Safaga Port...... 22 7) Inland Freight Corridor 7: Upper Egypt – Cairo...... 23 4.3 Speed-up of Customs Clearance and Procedures...... 24 4.4 Enhancement of Software Aspects: Establishment of Nation-Wide EDI System...... 24 4.5 Rationalization of Logistics Flow ...... 25 1) Logistics Center Development...... 25 2) Dry Port Development...... 29 4.6 Enhancement of Forwarding Industry Development...... 30 4.7 Legal and Institutional Arrangement...... 31 4.8 Human Resource Development: More Training Opportunity...... 33 4.9 Promotion Policy for Logistics Center ...... 34 4.10 Social and Environmental Considerations...... 35
5. Recommended Projects and Implementation Schedule...... 37
6. Conclusions and Recommendations...... 46
7. Member List...... 48
- i - 1. STUDY INTRODUCTION
In Egypt, industry and trade are the major factors determining the social and economic development of the nation, and their promotion is a focal task for the nation.
The Government of Egypt clearly sets the basic national strategy to promote its industries by strengthening trade linkages with the European Union (EU) and other regions in the world. This process reflects the deep involvement of the Egyptian economy in the international free market, where Egyptian products face severe competition and are strictly assessed for quality, timeliness, price competitiveness, and punctual delivery to the market. On the other hand, Egypt also has to procure industrial materials from foreign companies wherever they are located in the world. Therefore the total lead-time, i.e., the period of time that it takes for goods to be delivered from the time of order, punctuality, and cost are crucial factors in selecting trade partners. In the context of the expanding globalization, there is now a common awareness that transportation of freight is a key factor for companies to obtain a comparative advantage in international trade.
The existing transport development plans for Egypt, however, have been compiled independently by mode: maritime, road, railway, and inland waterway, resulting to insufficient intermodal connectivity and low overall system efficiency for export/import freight logistics. Comprehensive and intermodal solutions to optimize the logistics flows had not been built into the transport plans themselves. Furthermore, all the studies (except for inland waterways) were conducted more than ten years ago, and are now so out-dated that their analytical frameworks are hardly applicable to today’s dynamically developing industries. Thus, Egypt needs to urgently prepare a comprehensive logistics development plan to fulfil current logistics needs and to reflect the change in freight traffic volume taking place now and in the future.
With this background, the Government of Egypt requested the Government of Japan to formulate a development strategy for a multimodal transport and logistics system. It includes a wide-range of fields, such as transport system logistics, improvements to inter-modal facilities, and the role of public administration. It also includes highlighting potential opportunities for public-private partnership (PPP).
In response to the request, the Government of Japan decided to carry out “The Study on Multimodal Transport and Logistics System of the Eastern Mediterranean Region in the Arab Republic of Egypt” (hereinafter referred to as “the Study”), and entrusted its execution to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the official agency responsible for the implementation of technical cooperation programs by the Government of Japan. After conducting two preparatory studies, JICA appointed the joint venture of Nippon Koei (NK) and Katahira & Engineers International (KEI) as the JICA Study Team for the Study. The JICA Study Team commenced the study in Egypt in November 2006.
- 1 - Objectives Main Objective: 1) To formulate a logistics development master plan to promote export-import industries and foreign direct investment in Egypt, and consequently contribute to raising the living standards of the Egyptian people.
Objectives: 1) To disseminate the concept of logistics in Egypt, and to set logistics as one of the fundamental strategies to be fulfilled in transport and industrial development policies, 2) To prepare a master plan for multimodal transportation and logistics systems for Egypt, and 3) To prioritize proposed plans/projects.
Scope of Study Since the Study is the first logistics study in Egypt and little logistics data have been compiled, the Study commenced with the collection of data and information on logistics activities. Three kinds of Interview Surveys of about 500 companies, conducted by the Egyptian consultant company, “Transplan” headed by Dr. Ibrahim Ahmed El-Dimerry, helped the Study with the in-depth analysis of logistics fields.
The Study covers logistics facilities and activities, which include the following items:
1) Transportation infrastructure of all available modes except for air transport and intermodal facilities. 2) Freight handling efficiency of logistics-related industries. These are related to customs clearance and procedures, forwarding industries/activities, and logistics information network. 3) Fundamental human resource aspect. This relates to the government’s capability in policymaking, and the abilities of employees for carrying out work required for the logistics industry. These highlight for policy makers the training requirements and also the need for technical training on logistics-related works in general. Study Management and Collaboration The Study has been conducted in close coordination and collaboration with the Steering Committee, chaired by Eng. Hassan A. M. Selim, Vice Chairman of the Transport Planning Authority, Ministry of Transport. The Egyptian Counterpart Team, headed by Eng. Hassan A. M. Selim, also made a great contribution to the Study. Furthermore, participants at the workshops (2 times) and seminars (2 times) held by the JICA Study Team made valuable contributions, by providing their opinions and ideas in formulating the recommended projects. Structure of Reports The Logistics Master Plan is presented in two separate volumes:
Volume 1: Executive Summary Volume 2: Main Text
- 2 - 2. STUDY APPROACH
PRESENT STATUS OF EXPORT/IMPORT FREIGHT 2.1 TRANSPORT
Freight Flows The total volume of the export/import freight of Egypt (except airfreight) is made up of the cargo handling volumes at the seaports of Egypt, which are summarized in Table 2.1. The total figure reaches 58.5 million tons, of which 40% is handled at Alexandria Port and Dekheila Port, followed by Damietta Port (31.8%), Port Said Port (West) (6.5%), Port Said Port (East) (1.1%) and Sokhna Port (5.7%). These are the major export/import gateways of Egypt. Port Said Port (East) and Sokhna Port have recently opened and the cargo handling volumes are increasing at remarkable rates because of their superior facilities, scale and advantageous geographical location.
The containerization ratio for Alexandria Port and Dekheila Port is about 40%, and 29% for Damietta Port, rather low figures, while those ratios for Port Said Ports (West and East) range from 88% to 98%. The figures below clearly show the functions of each port: Table 2.1 Import and Export Cargo Handling Volume in Each Major Port (2006)
General Cargo Dry Bulk Liquid Bulk Container Special Cargo Total (1,000 ton) (1,000 ton) (1,000 ton) (1,000 ton) (1,000 ton) (1,000 ton) Import Export Import Export Import Export Import Export Import Export Alexandria 1,993 1,399 1,336 1,187 218 1,267 1,494 939 1,755 135 11,723 Dekheila 2,803 440 4,023 1,226 145 1,001 1,312 603 38 0 11,591 Damietta 2,868 872 4,770 3,678 0 179 870 650 586 4,157 18,630 Port Said (West) 134 155 1,169 190 82 0 848 1,210 11 0 3,799 Port Said (East) 11 0 0 0 0 0 156 467 0 0 634 Suez 134 388 3 506 0 0 0 0 39 14 1,084 Sokhna 0 595 2 958 0 0 1,025 747 0 0 3,327 Adabiya 1,975 663 181 1,062 34 0 21 71 997 17 5,021 Safaga 103 157 1,316 1,095 15 6 0 0 31 4 2,727 Total 10,021 4,669 12,800 9,902 494 2,453 1,046 4,687 3,457 4,327 58,536 Source: Website of Maritime Transport Sector (www.mts.gov.eg)
Table 2.2 Containerization Ratio and Transhipment Container in Each Major Port (2006) Port Name Containerization Ratio (%) Transhipment Container (%) Alexandria 42 % 1.5% Dekheila 37 % 1.7% Damietta 29 % 83.1% Port Said (West) 88 % 77.3% Port Said (East) 98 % 96.3% Sokhna 75 % 17.0% Source: Website of Maritime Transport Sector (www.mts.gov.eg), arranged by the JICA Study Team
- 3 - Sea Transportation Egypt now has three international hub ports: Port Said Port (West and East) and Damietta Port, which mainly handle the transhipment freight from Asia and Middle East to Eastern Mediterranean Sea countries and Europe. The newly developed Sokhna Port likewise plays a role as a gateway for export/import freight from Middle Asia and other regions in the world. On the other hand, Alexandria Port has been mainly handling export/import freight from medium scale vessels serving trade with Europe. Further enhancement of the freight handling capacity for Alexandria Port is necessary to cope with the increasing demand. Due to its narrow space, introducing various facilities within the port will be required to achieve this. Inland Transportation
Road Transportation An overwhelming share i.e. more than 90%, of the export/import freight is transported through the roads between the seaports and the production/consumption area, and this share has not changed much over recent years. This is because users, such as manufacturing companies in the industrial zones, prefer utilizing truck transport services due to the following advantages:
x Simple freight handling required. x Door-to-door service, which is convenient for users. x The average distance of export/import freight is shorter than 250 km, and truck transport service is therefore more price-competitive against railway and inland waterway transport services. x Subsidized fuel cost, which is equivalent to one fifth of the international price.
However, a regular line-haul truck transport service on a fixed transport route is not available, and there are no logistics centers or container depots.
From the Upper Egypt region, the long distance freight of mining-related products, such as cement, fertilizer, aluminium etc, is transported to the seaports by truck.
Railway Transportation Up to now, the Egyptian National Railway focused its business effort on passenger transport and in general, freight transport service is limited to less than 5% in 2006. Furthermore, since the freight trains are operated on the same lines as the frequent passenger trains, freight train services are limited to night time, especially near the Greater Cairo Region (GCR). The role of the railway freight service cannot be enhanced as long as freight trains have to run throughout the GCR.
The railways are currently not being used for freight transportation of material imports and export products between the seaports and the industrial zones. This is mainly because:
x There are no direct access railway lines or no connectivity to the industrial zones x The service distance of the major railway freight flows is shorter than the distance that makes the railway service can be competitive in price with truck services x Loading/unloading operations for freight are not properly conducted
Under these conditions, container railway services have been used only for the transport of transit freight from the seaports for purposes of obtaining quicker and preferable customs clearance.
- 4 - Inland Waterway Inland waterways provide four (4) major freight corridors connecting the GCR with the seaports: i) Cairo – Alexandria ii) Cairo – Damietta, iii) Cairo – Asyut – Aswan, and iv) Cairo – Ismailia. However, these mainly serve the bulk transportation for private companies.
The River Transport Authority has almost completed their development works of dredging for container navigation during the daytime except for Cairo and Ismailia. The issue in the container transport service is the lack of river ports. At present, there is no river port to handle the containers near the GCR. Especially, the planned river port improvements are not well coordinated with the accessibility to the industrial zones (6th of October and 10th of Ramadan), which is a crucial constraint for potential users.
The Cairo – Asyut – Aswan corridor is mainly used for sightseeing cruises, the number of which reaches more than 350 vessels. Conditions for freight transport are quite similar to the other corridors: companies use their private ports for their use only, and there is no public container port. However, there are some river port development plans which have been formulated. Intermodal Facilities and Forwarder At present, majority of the freight is transported by truck. The loading/unloading of the containers at the seaports is relatively done efficiently. The intermodal facilities for the railways and/or inland waterways, meanwhile, have not yet been developed because of low demand.
Loading/unloading of railway containers outside the seaports is conducted by the consignee/consigner or the forwarding companies as their agent. They are requested to finish all the loading/unloading work within a limited time prescribed by the Egyptian National Railway. If actual work time exceeds the limited time, it is subject to a penalty.
In any case, the forwarders do not possess sufficient equipments for inter-modal transhipment because of their low financial capability. International Environment The consigners are always exploring new international freight routes with a keen interest to secure the shortest lead time. In responding to the needs, the Panama Canal will be widened (completion in 2014 planned) and it is sure that this project will contribute to attract the freight flows from South-east or East Asia to Europe via this canal. As for the land transportation, the Siberia railway has activated its freight transportation services. At present, the share of this railway service is relatively small, however, in the long term, this railway route, as well as the Panama Canal, can have potential impact in changing the competitive status and the current freight transportation patterns.
Although the Study is just a conceptual plan, worldwide trends in infrastructure development for freight have been well reflected in the planning process. This is important in preparing the national logistics improvement plan for the export/import industry in order not to be left behind the trend.
- 5 - APPROACH TO NEW FREIGHT TRANSPORT 2.2 DEVELOPMENT
In the Study, a master plan was formulated based on the following vision, mission, and strategies: Vision The final vision that the Study seeks through this Logistics Master Plan is “Sustainable Economic Growth”, where a self-driven mechanism is built into the economy, in order to provide the benefit of higher living standards.
In case of Egypt, the government has aligned policy efforts to an export-led growth that inevitably entails foreign direct investment and a huge import volume of input materials, all within an improved investment environment. Mission The mission of the Study is to improve the overall logistics efficiency in Egypt by providing speedy, competitive and punctual delivery system for both international and domestic freight flows, and thereby stimulating the Egyptian export industry.
The government and its investment policies will be core determinants of industrial performance in the future, which can be achieved to its fullest development only when an efficient logistics system is guaranteed.
Strategies The JICA Study Team pays attention to the following three aspects in the formulation of the logistics development master plan:
x Hardware aspect: Development of logistics infrastructure x Software aspect: Development of supporting measures for supply chain management (SCM) x Human resource development aspect
These three aspects involve various strategies that would provide business opportunities and benefits for Egypt if successfully implemented. Thus, after assessing the actual situation, nine strategies to be tackled in the Study were selected, as shown in Figure 2.1.
- 6 - Vision Mission Strategies
Industrial/Investment 1. Secure International Hub Port Function and Provide Facilities for Mega Vessels Sustainable Policies Economic Development of 2. Strengthen Port Facilities for Logistics Export/Import Freight Growth Policies for Logistics Infrastructure System Development 3. Facilitate Economic Transport Routes and Modes (Rail and Inland Waterway) between Port and Factory Export/ Import Speedy, Industry Competitive, and 4. Speed up Custom Clearance, and Secure Distribution Development of Export/Import Procedure System Supporting 5. Enhancement of Software Aspects: Measures Establish Nation-wide Electronic Data of Supply Chain Interchange (EDI) Management (SCM) 6. Rationalization of Logistics Flow: Construct Logistics Center
7. Enhance Forwarding Industry
Self-sustainable Human Resource 8. Legal and Institutional Arragements Operation System Development 9. Provide More Training Opportunities
Figure 2.1 Planning Process of Logistics Development Plan
Hardware Aspects: Development of Logistics Infrastructure Logistics Infrastructure: Maritime Sector The world’s maritime sector is now in the midst of a huge transformation process of replacing medium sized vessels to mega vessels. Some shipping alliances already have actual plans to replace the current Panamax level vessels (up to 5,000 TEU, berth depth of 14.0 m) with bigger Post-Panamax (8,000 TEU, berth depth of 15.0~16.0 m) or Super Post-Panamax container vessels (over 8,000 TEU, berth depth of 16.0~18.0 m). However, since the berth depth at Port Said Port (West) is not sufficient, it faces the risk of downgrading its function as an international hub port. If this happens, it would also result to a linkage break of direct economic logistics routes with the industrial zones in the hinterland. Freight from the Middle East and/or Asia has to come by a very long way round via European ports.
Strategy 1: Secure international hub port functions in Egypt Development of deep berths is an urgent and indispensable task to secure the status of international hub ports for the transhipment business, targeting the EU market and the emerging markets in Eastern Europe via the Bosporus Strait.
Strategy 2: Strengthen the port function for export/import freight This has been requested especially for Damietta Port and Port Said Port (West and East). At these ports, a linkage with industrial zones in the surrounding areas should be strengthened to fulfil the needs of locators in the industrial zones. It is also required to overcome the constraint on developing the freight handling capacity of Alexandria Port, and alternative port facilities should be further developed within a suitable time frame.
Logistics Infrastructure: Inland Transport Sector An efficient and smooth freight transport service is a major factor for the export-led industrial development in Egypt. Utilization of existing freight transport modes should be promoted by facilitating more efficient access to the industrial zones. This should be followed by a shift from a door-to-door service with one big truck to a new multi-modal transportation service via a logistics center. The Study also focuses on measures to improve routes from Upper Egypt to potential foreign markets.
- 7 - Strategy 3: Facilitate economic transport routes and modes (railway and inland waterway services) between ports and factories The current overwhelming share of road transport reaches more than 90% of all traffic. The JICA Study Team suggests that railway services be fully utilized to their potential capacities since they feature the advantages of “punctuality”, “massive volume transport”, and “environmental-friendliness” if operated properly. The inland waterway service also has advantages of the latter two, and these features, together with measures of cost reduction for users, can be realized by using logistics centers to facilitate the necessary accessibility. Software Aspects: Development of Supporting Measures for Supply Chain Management
Strategy 4: Speed-up customs clearance, and export/import procedures Efforts have been made by the Customs Authority to speed up customs clearance and procedures, which have progressed remarkably in the last two or three years, by establishing a single window system and a computerized information system at major seaports between 2005 and 2007. Other supplementary measures are necessary.
Strategy 5: Enhancement of the software aspects of the logistics industry The JICA Study Team paid attention to measures required to promote the use of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). Maintenance and operation as well as a financial support for the forwarding companies are also crucial matters.
Strategy 6: Rationalization of logistics flow: construct logistics centers At present, neither logistics centers nor container depots are available even around the GCR. Irrational freight flows in the vicinity of seaports naturally have been prevailing to deal with the constraint of the truck ban. With a logistics center, large line-haulers can shuttle between the ports and the logistics center, while small trucks can be utilized to collect and deliver freight from the logistics center to their origins and destinations.
Strategy 7: Enhancement of the forwarding industry The overall logistics efficiency is dependent on the quality of service of the forwarding industry, which plays the role of integrating all the logistics activities. Therefore, enhancement of the forwarding industry is crucial for further export/import development. Some supporting measures are suggested as well as measures for human resource development in this industry. Human Resource Development
Strategy 8: Legal and Institutional Arrangements At present, there is no government organization formulating and implementing national logistics policies. However, it is apparent that almost all the plans for logistics infrastructure and facilities require policy coordination among sectors. The JICA Study Team therefore suggests that the responsibility be shared between the government and private sector by setting up a representative core organization to coordinate policy development in the area. Strategy 9: Human Resource Development: Provide More Training Opportunities The human resource development focuses on two aspects: capacity enhancement of policy makers i.e. government staff, and capability building of actual workers engaged in the logistics business.
- 8 - FREIGHT FLOWS AND GROWTH SCENARIO 3. IN 2022
Export/Import Item Egyptian export commodities, at present, can be classified into two categories: x Traditional primary resources, such as mining related ones, that are heavy commodities, including cement (26.0% in 2005), gaseous hydrocarbons (10.6%), phosphates (5.7%), gasoline (4.3%), salt (3.9%), rice (3.4%), sand, (3.1%) etc. x New freight products, manufactured in the industrial zones, are expected to increase production rapidly to lead the economic growth. The characteristics of the products are; small (in size), light (in weight), and high value added (in value).
On the other hand, import commodities include wheat (14.0%), maize (11.8%), railway sleepers (4.6%), iron ore (4.5%), oil-seed fats (3.9%), gaseous hydrocarbons (3.7%), etc. Current Pattern of Export/import Freight Flows Egypt has been involved in two kinds of major freight flows as shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2, respectively. x Export and import freight flow, and x Transhipment freight flow.
Eastern Eastern Western Western North Am erica Europe North America Europe Europe Europe 1 22 97 2 9 216 3 188 5 5 40 Asia 52 Asia 128 48 Arab Arab Central America 0.89 Countries Central America 0.26 Countries 17 7 3 21 2 4 Africa 2 Africa South America South America 2
Others Oceania Others Oceania
Unit: thousand TEU Unit: thousand TEU Export Import Source: Illustration by JICA Study Team based on Statistical Book 2005, Egyptian Maritime Data Bank Figure 3.1 Export and Import Container Volumes (Unit: Thousand TEU)
Eastern Eastern Western Europe Western Europe North America North America 2 504 Europe 1 Europe 4 3 8 9 422 1 4 5 8
2 2 18 As ia 3 As ia
Ar ab Arab 0.56 22 Central America 0 2 Central America 8 Countries 45 Countries 5 0.99 90 51 0. 0. 0 0.5 .46 Africa 1 Af ric a 0 South America South America 0 Oceania Others Oceania Others
Unit: thousand TEU Unit: thousand TEU Inbound Outbound Source: Illustration by JICA Study Team based on Statistical Book 2005, Egyptian Maritime Data Bank Figure 3.2 Transhipment Container Volumes (Unit: Thousand TEU)
- 9 - Current patterns of export/import freight flows to the surrounding areas are shown by transport mode in Figure 3.3. The patterns of freight flows will be affected by newly emerging industrial markets or by drastic expansion of productions in the existing industrial zones.
111,,,555 555555222 222 111,,, ,,,555555222 ,,,555555 DamiettaDamietta DamiettaDamietta 111,,, 555222 22 55522 777 ,,,555 77766777 777 111,,, ,,,777 777666999 111 999 444 999 ,,,333 77 999 000 000 222 77 444 000 000 000000 00 222 555222 666 000 00 888222 111,,,555555 ,,7,77 00 999 888 111,,, ,,, 000 999 222 999 777 000 666 ,,,222 999 777 000 000 666 111 ddriariaria ,,, PortPort SaidSaid ddriariaria 888 000 777 888111 ddriariaria PortPort SaidSaid 111 000 111 ddriariaria 555 111 PortPort SaidSaid ddriariaria 111888 777 888 555 111 ddriariaria 777111 777 666888 PortPort SaidSaid 22555 111 777 777 666 PortPort SaidSaid 22 111 111 222 111 111 222 111 999111 111 222 111 555999 , , , 111 ,,,555999 ,,, , , , 000 ,,, , , , 888 000 333 111,,,555 ,,5,55 4 4 4 888 000 333 111,,, 555 4 4 4 6 6 6 888 777333 111 555 444 4 4 4 6 6 6 777 888 111 111 444 6 6 6 888777 888 111 999 111 444 888 000 888 111666 999 111 , , , 888 000 000 000 666 999 , , , 4 4 4 000 000 000 111 , , , 000 666,,, 111 222 4 4 4 222 000 000 111 2 2 2 000 ,,,777 111 222 4 4 4 222 777 000 777 ,,,777 999111 111 222 2 2 2 222 777 777 777444 999 2 2 2 777111 ,,7,77 444 555999 7 7 7 111 000 ,,, 444333 555 7 7 7 ,,, 11188 333 000 555 1 1 1 ,,, 333 ,,, 555 7 7 7 ,,, 88 333 000 555 1 1 1 888 333 ,,, 555 888 , , , 666 88 333 1 1 1 888 111 ,,, ,,, 888 , , , 666 888 111 111 ,,, 888 , , , 666 888 777 111 111 ,,, 7 7 7 888 777 111 7 7 7 2 2 2 000 999 ,,, 2 2 2 444 111 111 7 7 7 000 111 999 ,,, 2 2 2 444 666 888 000 999 777 666 6 6 6 111 888 6 6 6 777 666 1 1 1 777 888 6 6 6 444 222 888 1 1 1 000 22 444 222 222 888 1 1 1 000 999 22 444 222 222 888 8 8 8 999 8 8 8 00022 222 222 888 6 6 6 999 8 8 8 ,,, 000 ,,, 222 888 6 6 6 ,,, 111 444 11 000 ,,, 888 6 6 6 ,,, 111 444 11 ,,6,66 1 1 1 888 111 999 444 11 666 333 0 0 0 1 1 1 888 111,,,444222999 666 333 0 0 0 1 1 1 444 111,,,444222999 444 888 222333 0 0 0 000 888 444 4 4 4 444 888555 222 000 888 ,,, 4 4 4 444 555 222 000 888 ,,,666 4 4 4 444 555 777 444 666 , , , 444 , , , 555 444 777 , , , 555 777 2 2 2 555 777 2 2 2 77 2 2 2 77 777 888 777 888 77 1 1 1 777 888 1 1 1 666 222 1 1 1 666 222000 7 7 7 ,,,666444444 000 7 7 7 222,,,666444444 000555 7 7 7 444 777 444 555 222,,,666444444 444 111 777,,,222 ,,4,44 222 222 111555 ,,,222222 ,,, 222,,, 222 222 55555 222555 666 222 333 ,,,666 666222222 777 55 555 666 222 333 666444 666222 777 000 666 444444 666 000 666 444 666 111 666 4 4 4 111 111 555 666 4 4 4 333 111 555 111 ,,6,66 4 4 4 333 555 1 1 1 3 3 3 111 555 888 111 ,,, 333 555 1 1 1 3 3 3 666 888 111 ,,, 555 1 1 1 3 3 3 888 666 666 888888 , , , 666 111 888 444 , , , 555 666 666 ,,, 888 8 8 8 11 111 888 444 , , , 555 666 1 6 6 6 ,,, 8 8 8 11 666 999 111 888 444 6 6 6 222 555 666 1 6 6 6 ,,, 8 8 8 11 999 888 6 6 6 222 777 1 6 6 6 222 000 333 999777 888 6 6 6 ,,, 777777999 888 00 333 777 ,,, 666 777999 6 6 6 888 0 1 1 1 333 666 6 6 6 00 333 6 6 6 ,,, 111 999 0 1 1 1 333 666 6 6 6 6 6 6 666 111 777 111 1 1 1 333 ,,, 6 6 6 666 111 777 666 111 ,,, 444 000 777777 666 111 ,,8,88 3 3 3 444 000 777 666 888 3 3 3 444 777 666 3 3 3 999 888 444 1 1 1 999 666 444 1 1 1 333 999 111 888 1 1 1 333 888 777 666 444 333 111 111 888 777 666 111 777 666 111 444 ,,, ,,, 444 ,,, ,,, 888 ,,, ,,9,99 888 666 999 666 888 666 99 666 666 9 333 666 777 333 666 333 444 111 777 666 333 333 666 3 666 6 3 6 3333000 444 111 777 ,,, 666 333 333 6 333333000 111 11 666 666 666 333 999333 333000 444111555 1 333 555444666 ,,, 666 333 333 333 555999 111 111555 444 333 666 555444666 888 222 111 000 444333 333 ,,,55999333 ,,,555 111 444 666 888 222 555 111 000 444 999 111,,,55999 111,,, 11 444 666 444 555 000 ,,,444 999 55 111 11 111 666 444 888 555 111 ,,, 999 111,,, 111 11 111 3 3 3 333 555 000 333 888 333 111 555 111 3 3 3 333 555 000 333 888 333 111 ,,,555 ,,, 111 3 3 3 333 555 000 333 888 0 0 0 333 111 ,,, ,,, 0 0 0 ,,, 222 ,,, 111 000 0 0 0 111 222 ,,, 9 9 9 000 111 222 ,,,222 9 9 9 ,,1,11 000 111 222 9 9 9 ,,, 000 1 1 1 000 111 1 1 1 111 000 333 1 1 1 111 111 000 6 6 6 333 111 000 6 6 6 333 3 3 3 666 6 6 6 444 3 3 3 666 444 3 3 3 666 444 0 0 0
0 0 0 , , , 656565 0 0 0 , , , 656565 444 , , , 656565 4 4 4 444 3 3 3 00 0 000 2 2 2 4 4 4 444 3 3 3 0 0 0 888 2 2 2 00 0 000 4 4 4 555 666 888 3 3 3 0 0 0 2 2 2 555 00 0 000 666,,, 333888 0 0 0 666555 000 4 4 4 ,,, 333 , , , 666 4 4 4 000 000 4 4 4 999 ,,, 111333 , , , 666 4 4 4 000 000 4 4 4 999 ,,,111 , , , 4 4 4 000 999 999 ,,,111 2 2 2 444 999 111,,, 2 2 2 8 8 8 6 6 6 444 999 111 2 2 2 8 8 8 8 8 8 333 555 111 6 6 6 555444 3 3 3 8 8 8 8 8 8 333 555 6 6 6 555 3 3 3 8 8 8 111 555 , , , 3 3 3 333 8 8 8 666555 111 , , , 8 8 8 666 4 44 111 , , , 8 8 8 6 6 6 000 666 0 0 0 4 44 888 000 6 6 6 000 0 0 0 4 44 888 000 6 6 6 000 0 0 0 ,,, 888 2 2 2 333 0 0 0 000 ,,, 2 2 2 777 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 ,,, 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 777 333 2 2 2 0 0 0 666 555 0 0 0 777 111 2 2 2 999 0 0 0 666 666555 0 0 0 111 2 2 2 999 , , , 666 ,,, 666666555 111 , , , 999333 , , , ,,, 666666 333 , , , ,,, 666 2 22 , , , 111 , , , 333 111 2 22 111 2 22 3 3 3 111 111,,, 3 3 3 111 1 1 1 ,,,222 11 3 3 3 11 1 1 1 ,,,222 11 333 222 1 1 1 222000 000 1 1 1 333 222 000333 000 1 1 1 333 000 333 1 1 1 ,,, 000 333 000,,, 999555555 ,,, ,,6,66 000 ,,, 999555555 ,,, 666 1 1 1 ,,7,77 999555555 222 666 1 1 1 777 222 1 1 1 777999 222 444 111 999 888 444 , , , 999 888 , , , ,,, 777 888 444 , , , ,,, 33 777 444 2 2 2 ,,, 33 444 2 2 2 000 000 777 6 6 6 222 33 000 2 2 2 000 000 000 6 6 6 000 000 222 000000 777 000 6 6 6 000 222 555000 777 5 5 5 000 000 555 777 5 5 5 000 000 ,,,555 222 6 6 6 5 5 5 000 000 000 333,,, 222,,,111 6 6 6 000 000 333,,, 111 222,,,111333333 6 6 6 000 000 111 ,,, 333 6 66 000 333 111 333 6 6 6 333 111 333 555 6 66 000 333 555 6 6 6 333 ,,, 555 5 5 5 6 66 555333 ,,, 6 6 6 333 222 555,,,333333 555,,,333 5 5 5 222 ,,,333333111 555 ,,,333333 5 5 5 000 222 333111 555,,, 333333111 5 5 5 000 555,,,333 333111 5 5 5 000 999 ,,,333333111 111 5 5 5 999 333111 55 111 55 2 2 2 ,,, 2 2 2 777 ,,, 2 2 2 0 0 0 777 ,,,333 , , , 0 0 0 777 333 , , , 0 0 0 000 555 333333 , , , 000 555 333 1 1 1 555 222 111 1 1 1 888 222,,, 111 1 1 1 ,,,333888 000 ,,,888444 000 555,,, 444555 333 3 3 3 333,,,333 999 3 3 3 333,,,333333 999 333 3 3 3 ,,,333333222 3 3 3 555333 333222 999 3 3 3 555333 222 444 999 3 3 3 ,,,444555 , , , 444 555 333999 ,,,444 , , , 444 555 333 222,,,00044000 111,,,444 , , , 333 555 000333 222,,,00044000 , , , 444 9 9 9 SS 000 , , , 444 111 333 ,,, 222,,,00044000 777 9 9 9 444 SS 000 , , , 444 SueSuezz 111 333 ,,, 777 9 9 9 444 333 SS 0 0 0 SueSuezz 222,,, 777 333 111 ,,, 444 222 0 0 0 SueSuezz 333 111 ,,, ,,, 222 0 0 0 777 111 4 4 4 ,,3,33 ,,, 777 777 4 4 4 333 777 4 4 4 8 8 8 222 333 8 8 8 777 333 8 8 8 777 222 0 333 333 444 777 0 0 0 0 00 0 333 333 444 777 0 0 0 0 000 0 333 8 8 8 444 0 0 0 0 0 000 8 8 8 000 222 8 8 8 ,,, 444 222 888 ,,, 444 222 888 444 LEGEND 888 111 999 444 111 999 333 444 111 ,,99,9 333 444 ,,, 333 333,,,333 ,,, 000 333 333333 000 000 111 333 ,,, 333222 , , , 111 777 ,,, , , , 111 777 333 ,,9,99 222 , , , 777 999 111 ,,, 777 999 111 ,,, 777 LEGEND 111 000 777 444 000 444 444 000 444 111 444 111 000 444 888 888 222 888 888 222 000 888 888 222 000 000 444 000 444 000 3 3 3 666 444 7 7 7 000 444 3 3 3 666 SokhnaSokhna 7 7 7 ,,, 444 3 3 3 666 SokhnaSokhna 7 7 7 ,,, 444 SokhnaSokhna ,,, 000 SokhnaSokhna 000 , , , SokhnaSokhna 444 000 7 7 7 , , , 2,000 SokhnaSokhna 999 444 111 999 , , , 7 7 7 999 , , , 444 111 999 , , , 7 7 7 111 999 999 9 9 9 , , , , , , 9 9 9 >= 10,000 , , , 9 9 9 999 4 4 4 666 , , , 999 111 4 4 4 666 , ,9,99 111 4 4 4 666 333 4 4 4 , , , 111 333 4 4 4 , , , 111 333 4 4 4 111 444 PortPortPort 111 444 222 0 0 0 PortPortPort 444 222 0 0 0 PortPortPort PortPortPort , , , 222 0 0 0 PortPortPort , , , , , , PortPortPort , , , , , , ,0,0,0 000 666 1,000 >= 10,000 000 666 >= 5,000 666 222 222 222 888 888 111 1 1 1 111 444 1 1 1 111 444 1 1 1 0 0 0 444
0 0 0 , , ,
11 0 0 1 0 111 000 , , , 111 000 , , , 0 0 0 4 4 4 000 , , , 0 0 0 >= 5,000 4 4 4 222 , , , 0 0 0 4 4 4 500 222 >= 1,000 , , , 222
4 4 4
9 9 9 111 4 4 4 000 9 9 9 111 4 4 4 000 9 9 9 111 000 , , ,
,, , , , , , 8 8 8 , , , , , ,,, 000 8 8 8 000 8 8 8 3 3 3
11 3 3 1 3
11 3 3 111 3 444 >= 1,000 444 , , , < 1,000 0 0 0 500 , , , 0 0 0 , , , 0 0 0 555 555 000 777 000 000 777 000 555 < 1,000 222 444 555 444 777 999 555 ,,, Unit: 1,000 ton/year 555 333 999 333 555 000 4,505 4,505 4 4,505 555 4,505 4 111 4,505 4,505 555 4 Unit: 1,000 ton/year 666 ,,,555 111 666 ,,, , 555 666 , , 555
444 505 555
888 444 505 888 444 505 888 777 555 777 ,,5,55 222 ,,, 222 777 555111 888555 Truck Railway
DamiettaDamietta
0 0 0
0 ddriariaria 0 ddriariaria 0 PortPort SaidSaid 91 0 0 1 9 9 0 1 0 0 9 0 1 0 91 0 0 0 91 9 1 0 0 9 1 0 91 0 0
9
1 0
0 0 1 9 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 91 0 0
0 0
91
1
9
5 8 SueSue 5 SueSue
8
LEGEND 8 5 5 8
8 5 SokhnaSokhna 5 SokhnaSokhna 8 PortPortPort >= 10,00075 8 5 5 >= 5,00050 8 8 5
>= 1,00025 8 < 1,00025 5 8 5 Unit: 1,000 ton/year 58
8 5 8 5 Inland Waterway Figure 3.3 Volume and Major Routes of Freight Flows by Transport Mode in 2005
- 10 - Origin of Export/Import Freight The pattern of inland transportation of export/import freight is related to industrial activities. These are mainly located in the Nile Delta region and along the River Nile. In the future, it is assumed that the general location pattern of industrial zones would remain almost the same as the present one. They are spread in:
x Alexandria –GCR, x Port Said Port – GCR and its surrounding area, and x Area along the River Nile (especially governorates of Asyut, Suhag, and Qena).
It is apparent that these areas, where manufacturing factories are concentrated, would be the main origin/destination of freight transportation in the future.
Logistics Development Scenarios and Future Pattern of Export/Import Freight Flows Future economic growth of the GDP will determine the volume of freight. The JICA Study Team adopted a more moderate growth scenario, setting it at 6.9%, which is the GDP rate in 2006. This rate is assumed as constant percentage during the next five years and the following period up to 2022. In the five-year economic development plan 2008 – 2012 (preliminary figure, as of July 2007), it is set at 9.3%. Figure 3.4 shows the two scenarios and their difference.
㪤㫀㫅㪅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪜㪺㫆㪅㩷㪛㪼㫍㪅㩾㫊㩷㪪㪺㪼㫅㪸㫉㫀㫆 㪈㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪐㪅㪇㩼 㪏㪅㪇㩼 㪡㪠㪚㪘㩷㪪㫋㫌㪻㫐㩷㪫㪼㪸㫄㩾㫊㩷㪪㪺㪼㫅㪸㫉㫀㫆 㪎㪅㪇㩼 㪍㪅㪇㩼 㪌㪅㪇㩼 㪋㪅㪇㩼 㪊㪅㪇㩼 㪘㪺㫋㫌㪸㫃㩷㫇㪼㫉㪽㫆㫉㫄㪸㫅㪺㪼 㪝㫆㫉㪼㪺㪸㫊㫋 㪉㪅㪇㩼 㪈㪅㪇㩼 㪇㪅㪇㩼 㪉㪇㪇㪈 㪉㪇㪇㪉 㪉㪇㪇㪊 㪉㪇㪇㪋 㪉㪇㪇㪌 㪉㪇㪇㪍 㪉㪇㪇㪎 㪉㪇㪇㪏 㪉㪇㪇㪐 㪉㪇㪈㪇 㪉㪇㪈㪈 㪉㪇㪈㪉
Figure 3.4 GDP Growth Rate: Actual Performance and Future Scenarios
Based on the above growth rates up to 2022, the estimated total volume of export/import freight in 2022 will increase 2.7 times as much as that in 2005. This is shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.2 shows the cargo handling volume by transport mode in 2022 and the modal share.
Patterns of export/import freight flows in 2022 are shown by mode in Figure 3.5.
- 11 - Table 3.1 Future Growth of Cargo Volume at Four Major Ports (Unit: 1000 ton/year) 2005 2022 Expansion Major Ports Rate Volume Share Volume Share (2022/2005) Alexandria & El-Dekheila Ports 40,344 53% 82,920 40% 2.1 Damietta Port 17,411 23% 50,059 25% 2.9 Port Said Port & East Port Said 3,154 4% 15,084 7% 4.8 Sokhna Port 3,440 4% 11,483 6% 3.3 Others 11,966 16% 46,856 22% 3.9 Total 76,315 100% 206,402 100% 2.7 Source: Estimated by JICA Study Team Table 3.2 Cargo Volume by Transport Mode in 2022 and the Modal Share (Unit: 1000 ton/year) Inland Major Ports Truck Railway Total Waterway Alexandria & El-Dekheila Ports 75,190 6,940 790 82,920 Damietta Port 47,221 2,682 156 50,059 Port Said Port & East Port Said 14,167 917 0 15,084 Sokhna Port 10,701 782 0 11,483 Others 42,300 4,556 0 46,856 Total 189,579 15,877 946 206,402 Modal Share (%) in 2022 91.8% 7.7% 0.5% 100.0% Modal Share (%) in 2005 90.7% 9.0% 0.3% 100.0% Source: Estimated by JICA Study Team
- 12 - 666,,,11 11555777 DamDam ie ie tta tt a 77 666 DamiettaDam ie tta DamDam ie ie tta tt a ,,,11155577 ,,,111555 666,,, 555777 777 333555 555777 555,,,111 33,,,444555888 ,,1,11555 11166666 444555888 666,,, 66 666 11111 000 000 11,,, 000 000 000 000 000 999 ,,,666777 000 000 888 555777 000 777222 000 888 ,,,11555 000000 222 PortPort SaidSaid 111 555 ddriariaria 333 666,,, ,,0,00 PortPort SaidSaid 777 111,,, 000 444 ddriariaria 222 ,,, 777 ,,,333 000 ,,,444 ddriariaria 222 333 777,,, 333 000 ,,, 222 999 333 ,,,888 333666 000 ,,, PortPort SaidSaid 11 999 333 ,,,888555 666111 33 PortPort SaidSaid ,,,11 222 666 555999 111 33 ,,, 222 666 999 33 111 222 666 rriaiaia 999 111 888 rriaiaia 333 555 888 000 333 555 999 888 000 333 555 333 , , , 999 333 , , , 111 55999 333 , , , 111 1 1 33355 ,,, 1 111 000 1 1 000 ,,,333 ,,, 1 00 000 444 1 000 333,,,333 ,,,333 1 1 111 333 000 00 000 000 333,,, 333 444 777 111,,, 333 000 00 4,8 4,8 333 4,8 777 ,,,333 777 4,8 4,8 333 555 111 4,8 ,,,333 777 4,8 000 333222 555 111 4,8 4,8 333666 777 000 222,,, 999 555 111 666 666 111 222 00 000 ,,,000 999 999 666 666111 111 222 555 000666 555 999 111 111 999 999 1 1, 666333 333555 222 111 999 999111 777 1, 1, 1, 1 1, 1, 333 333 222 ,,, 222 111 777 000 1, 1, 1, 1 1, 1, 333 ,,,333 333 222 ,,, 666 222 111 777 000 1, 1, 1, ,,, 333 ,,, 666,,,888 222 ,,, 1, 000 63 63 63 333 333 555 666,,,888555 ,,, ,281 63 63 63 333 ,,, 555 777 ,,,888555999 222 ,281 63 63 63 333 ,,, 555 777 555999 222 333 ,281 281 888 222 ,,, 999 222 333 281 281 888 555 281 34 34 222 999 333 34 281 888 555 ,,, 281 34 34 222 555 ,,, 999 34 34 34 999 34 333 666 ,,3,33 111 333 666222 333 111 ,,, 222 555 111 111 8 8 ,,, 555 333 111 8 111 8 8 333 333 8 111 8 8 333 222 333 666 ,,, 22,,,444444 8 1 1 333 222 1 666 ,,1,11 22,,,444444333 1 1 222 1 666 111 22,,,444444333 1 1 888 1 111 333 888 ,,, 111 4,86 4,8 4,8 ,,, 111 4,8 4,86 4,8 888 111 000 4,86 4,8 111 4,8 888 777 000 111 555 777 666 666 777 555 666 555 666 999 555 444 000 999 333 111 63 444 000 555 63 333 111,,, 111 63 555 63 333 ,,, 111 63 000 555666 63 666 ,,,33 ,,0,00 777 666333 666,,, 000 33333 111 333 ,,, ,,7,77 333 3 ,,, ,,,000 333 888333 ,,, ,,, 333 3 ,,,888 ,,, 333222
3 888 111666,,,111888333 11 ,,, 888555 222,,, 222 111666,,, 11 888 777 55599 222 888 555 99 1 1 1 555 22 99 1 1 1 111 555 22 1 1 1 111 666 22 666 1 1 1 111 666 999 1 1 1 111 999 1 1 1 111 555 333 ,,, ,,, 555 333 ,,, 5 55 666 111 ,,, 6 6 6 11 555 11 333 555 5 55 666 111 ,,, 6 6 6 11 222 11 555 555 5 55 666 111 6 6 6 11 000 555 11 222 444 666 777000555 555 ,,, ,,,333 222 222 666 , , , ,,, 333 4 4 4 444 ,,, 777 ,,, 888 , , , 888 222 333777 333 222 111 , , , ,,, 4 4 4 ,,,000 888 222 777 333 888 222 111 9 9 9 ,,, 4 4 4 666 ,,,000 111 888 222 888 777222 333 888 666 000 9 9 9 888 222 444 333 33 9 9 9 555 888 444 111 333 5 5 5 666 33 555 222 444 111 333 5 5 5 33 555 333 111 5 5 5 222 2 2 2 333 2 2 222 999 2 333 2 2 2 333 2 2 ,,, 222 999 2 ,,,333 2 2 2 333 2 ,,3,33 999 2 2 111,,, 333 111 7 7 7 999 111 333 111 111 7 7 7 999 111 888 111 7 7 7 888 333 333 666 1 1 1 111 333 666 1 1 1 111 666 1 1 1 7 111 ,,, ,,, 666 333 7 ,,, ,,0,00 111 99666 333333 444 000 111 99 333 333 ,,,666333 777444777 777 444 333 111,,,444 111,,, 222 ,,,222 333333 444,,,666333333 444,,,666 444 777444777 777333888 333 333 111,,,444888666 ,,, 222 ,,, 333 444,,,666 444 444 333888 333 222 888666 111 ,,5,55 333,,, ,,,666 ,,, 222 666 000 222 111 555 0 0 0 333 ,,, ,,, 222 66 000 222 111 0 0 0 ,,, ,,2,22 6 000 0 0 0 444 222 444 666 444 777 111 444 222 1 1 444 111 1 333 1 1 111 000 888 1 333 9 9 9 1 1 ,,, 111 888 1 333 ,,, 000 9 9 9 888 000 77 ,,1,11 ,,,000 9 9 9 000 77 ,83 ,83 111 ,,, 000 ,83 77 ,83 ,83 111 , , , ,83 3 3 3 ,83 ,83 666 , , , ,83 222 3 3 3 666 , , , 222 666 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 888 0 0 0 0 0 0 888 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 0 0 0 , , , 3 3 3 9 9 9 0 0 0 , , , 0 0 0 5 5 , , , 5 5 5 6 6 6 000 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 111 111 5 5 5 5 444 6 6 6 000 6 6 6 111 111 5 5 5 444 6 6 6 000 6 6 6 999 111666 777111 222444 999 666 777 222 999 000 666 777 8 8 8 222 1 1 1 000 ,,, 000 8 8 8 999 7 7 7 1 1 1 000 ,,,444 ,,,000 8 8 8 ,,,999 7 7 7 1 1 1 888 ,,,444 ,,,000 , , , 000 ,,,999 7 7 7 888 444 666,,, , , , 000 111,,, 9 9 9 999 , , , 888 9 9 9 666 000 111 3 3 3 9 9 9 999 9 9 9 666 111 3 3 3 9 9 9 999 9 9 9 666 111 000 3 3 3 222 6 6 6 111 000 666 222 6 6 6 111 1 1 1 000 666 222 6 6 6 1 1 1 ,,, 333 111 2 2 2 1 1 1 111 ,,, 333 111 ,,,888 2 2 2 333,,, 777 111 888 2 2 2 ,,,888 999 , , , 6 66 777 111 888 ,,,888 999 , , , 6 66 777 111 888 999 000 555 , , , 333 6 66 000 ,,, 555 444 333 , , , 111 ,,,000 ,,, 555 444,,, , , , 444 333333 111 ,,, ,,,55 999 4 4 4 ,,,222 , , , ,,, 333 111 666 999 55 999 4 4 4 ,,,222 333 666 999,,, 55111 999 4 4 4 222333 0 0 0 666 ,,,222 111 333777 0 0 0 ,,,222 111 000 777 222 0 0 0 222333 000 777 222 333666 888 000 333 3 3 3 666 888 3 3 3 333 3 3 3 3 3 3 333 3 3 3 3 3 3 ,,, 444 ,,,888 , , , 888 , , , ,,, 888 , , , ,,, 444 7 7 7 ,,, 333 444 7 7 7 000 222 333 444 7 7 7 000 222 333333 111 ,,, 000 000 222 666111 5 5 5 000 000 333 ,,,666666111 ,,, 5 5 5 000 333 333 555,,,666666 ,,2,22 999 5 5 5 000 000 333 555,,,666 222 999,,,222333666 000 000 333 222333 9 9 9 000 666 9 9 9 777 111 333 9 9 9 000 11 666 9 9 9 777 888 111 ,,, 9 9 9 888 11111,,,666777888 9 9 9 777 666777888 222 9 9 9 000 444 888 222222 9 9 9 5 5 5 000 444 555 222222,,,000 9 9 9 5 5 5 000 444 555 222,,,000555666 222 5 5 5 333 000555666 666 222222 , , , , , , 333 666 555666 222 7 7 7 , , , 333 555666 222,,, 7 7 7 7 7 7 2 2 2 0 0 00555 ,,,000 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 2 2 2 0 0 000 ,,,00 ,,,000 7 7 7 , , , 0 2 2 2 0 000 000 222,,,00 000555 , , , 0 0 000 000 ,,, , , , 000 000 222222 555 1 1 1 000 222 555666 1 1 1 ,,, 222 3 3 3 000 666 1 1 1 3 3 3 ,,, 222 222 666 3 3 3 3 3 3 ,,, 222 3 3 3 222 3 3 3 6 6 6 444 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 000 444 111 111 6 6 6 , , , 000 444 111 111 6 6 6 111 111 , , , 000 111 ,,, 22 , , , 111 000 ,,, 22,,, 000 ,,, 0 0 0 444 ,,,111 0 0 0 111 0 0 0 222 444 111444 333 8 8 8 444 1 1 1 000222 1 1 1 222 333 333 8 8 8 000 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 8 8 333 2 777 333 8 000000 1 1 1 222 444333 1 1 1 222 ,,,000 777 444 222 000 999 222 ,,, 333444 , , , 999 4 4 4 33,,, 333 , , , 999 4 4 4 000 ,,, 33 333 , , , SuSuee 4 4 4 111 000 ,,, 666 33 111 000 SuSue 666,,, 7 7 7 SuSuee 333 7 7 7 666 SuSuee 111 SuSue 666 666 333 7 7 7 333 , , , 666 SuSue 666 ,,, , , , 444 ,,, , , , 444 666 000 1 1 1 666 1 1 1 000 ,,, 444 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,,, 000 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,,, LEGEND 666 ,,, ,,, , , , 666 , , , ,,5,55 3 3 3 666 0 0 0 555 999 3 3 3 0 0 0 555 999 3 3 3 111 0 0 0 999 666 111 111 999 666 111 111 444 999 7 666 444 4 4 4 999 7 444 4 4 4 7 4 4 4 666 888 666 000 888 666 000 111 111 333 111 111444 333 111 444 333 111 444 , , , 222 ,,, ,,,555 , , , 222 ,,, ,,,555999 , , , 999 222 ,,, 444 999888 222 ,,, LEGEND 222 444 333 222 444 888 333 222 111 666 666 111 666 000666 333 666 666 000 333 666 666 ,,,000 666 ,,, 333 666 333 666 333 666 111 1 1 >= 20,00010,000 14,1 999 111 1 1 14,1 999 111 14,1 222 1 1 222 999 333 SokhnaSokhna 222 SokSok hna hna 333 SokhnaSokhna 333 4,1 ,,, 4,1 SokhnaSokhna 000 SokSok hna hna , , , ,,, 4,1 4,1 000 SokSok hna hna , , , 4,1 4,1 000 333 , , , 333 888 222 333 888 222 , , , 222 , , , >= 5,000 , , , 000 04 04 10,000 333 444 04 PortPortPort 000 04 04 333 444 04 PortPortPort 000 04 04 04 PorPorPor t t t 333 000444 PorPorPor t t t PortPortPort , , , 000 111 >= 10,0002,000 , , , 000 111 , , , 111 222 111 222 111 222 ,,1,11 ,,, 666 333 ,,, 666 2 2 333 444 2 2 2 444 666 2 2 2 >= 1,000 444 666 2 2,500 333 666 333 ,3 ,3 333 111 ,3 ,3 ,3 111 333 ,3 ,3 ,3 111 >= 5,000 333 ,3 333 333 333 1,000 ,, , 333 ,, , 66 66 333 66 66 66 333 222 66 66 66 333 222 66 222 < 1,0002,500 222 ,,, ,,, 000 000 111 333 4 4 4 111 4 4 4 >= 1,000 333 111 333 4 4 4 250 555 0 0 0 555 0 0 0 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , , , 1 1 1 , , , 1 1 1 , , , 1 1 1 888 , , , 888 , , , 888 , , , 888 4 4 4 888 Unit: 1,000 ton/year 4 4 4 888 < 1,000 111 666 4 4 4 111 666 555 33 1 1 1 250 555 666 33 1 1 1 666 33 1 1 1 666 111 ,,, 222 15,885 15,885 15 15,88 15,88 15 Unit: 1,000 ton/year 15,88 15,88 15 222 111 111 , 222 , 222 222 , 222 222 885 222 885 111 666 ,,, 885 111 666 ,,, 111 333 999 999 333 999 ,,, 111 5 5 ,,, 111 5 5 111 111 111 Truck Railway
Damietta AAlexandrialexandria DamDamietta ie tt a 666 31,49831,49831,498 555666 31,49831,49831,498 PortPort SaidSaid 111555 PortPort SaidSaid 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5 5 5 18,19718,19718,197 5 5 5 18,19718,19718,197 6 6 6 6 6 6 666 6 6 6 111555666 5,9265,9265,926 17,20717,20717,207 aandriandria PortPort SaidSaid 43,11143,11143,111 6,6646,6646,664 aandriandria 111 PortPort SaidSaid 666 555 22,65522,65522,655 222 666 22,65522,65522,655 555 111555666 666 16,21916,21916,219
11155666 13,77413,77413,774 222666 555666 8,4818,4818,481 222666444 11555 22,44422,44422,444 41,58941,58941,589 22,44422,44422,444 22 13,22713,22713,227 22664644 111555 13,22713,22713,227 4 222666 111555666 666444 7,0937,0937,093 222666 22,52722,52722,527 666 666 22,52722,52722,527 666444 666 444 666 SueSue z z 555 11 222666444 555 111 222666444 555 111555 111 555 111 555 9,5639,5639,563 666 9,5639,5639,563 16,15616,15616,156 222 222 666 666 666 444 666 SokhnaSokhna 444 SokhnaSokhna 444 555 SokhnaSokhna 555 111 24,37624,37624,376 111 111 24,37624,37624,376 111 555 555 444 222 666 444 222 666 666 PortPortPort 666 666 666 666 666 555 222 555 222 444 111 222 444 111 8,5568,5568,556 666 555666 111 444 111 444 111 444 22 111555 666 22 555666 666 666 666 222 444 222 444 666 666 111 111 555 555 555 111 555 111 666 666
000 000 222 222 444 23,57423,57423,574 444 23,57423,57423,574 222 13,71613,71613,716 666 13,71613,71613,716 111
2 2 2 2 2 2 SueSue 2 2 2 SueSue 6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
111 111 666 666 222 222 LEGEND 222 222 666 666 111 111
111 111 666 222 666 222 SokhnaSokhna 222 666 20,07420,07420,074 222 666 20,07420,07420,074 111 >= 10,000300 111 PortPortPort
222 666 >= 5,000200 111 >= 1,000 100 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6 6
2 2 2
2 2 2 < 1,000100 2 2 2 12,26812,26812,268 Unit: 1,000 ton/year 444444 12,26812,26812,268 22444 Unit: 1,000 ton/year SafagaSafaga 444 444 Inland222 Waterway Freight Flow Pattern: All Modes Figure 3.5 Volume and Major Routes of Freight Flows by Transport Mode in 2022
- 13 - 4. DESIRED DEVELOPMENT PLAN
4.1 MARITIME FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION
1) SECURING INTERNATIONAL HUB PORT FUNCTION
Port Said Port (West) and Damietta Port are facing the risk of being downgraded of their status as international hub ports. This is because these ports do not have sufficient facilities for large container vessels of more than 8,000 TEU, which will commence service within two or three years. Without satisfying the urgent need of increasing the berth depth, the shipping alliances may shift their hub port functions to other ports in neighbouring foreign countries. Port Said Port (West) is short of a deep berth of more than 16 meters, and Damietta Port has shallow and narrow navigation channel in addition to sedimentation problem.
Development of potential deep berth at Port Said Port (East) requires at least another 10 or 15 years. Once this kind of hub port function is transferred to foreign ports, it will be difficult for Egypt to easily restore the international hub port status. It means that major part of the revenue source of the port authority from transhipment containers (96% of total container handling volumes in 2006) will be lost, and the revenue source will be limited to only export/import container handling volumes (4% in 2006).
Urgent countermeasures: x Port Said Port (West): Construction of additional deep berth (400 m in length, 16 m in depth) x Damietta Port: Execution of numerical study for sedimentation control, and preparation of definite development plan as well as assessment of the project feasibility. If approved, the development plan should be implemented at the earliest possible time.
Long-term countermeasure: x A development plan for Port Said Port (East), to especially include the development of deep berth (after 3rd phase development), that can handle the freight handling overflows of Port Said Port (West) and Damietta Port.
Figure 4.1 shows the diagram of the planning process. If the deep berth extension at Port Said Port (West) is not executed within an appropriate timeframe, the function of the hub port will decline. If the sedimentation prevention measures for Damietta Port are not executed, another international hub port may be lost, leaving only one in the whole of Egypt.
- 14 - More Freight Port Said Port (West) No. of Hub Ports in Transhipment Volume Handled Remarks Egypt Expansion for Export/Import permitted Deep Berth Extension (Damietta, PSP at Port Said Port Port 3 㪥㫆㩷㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼 㪠㫅㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼 㪄 west, PSP east) (West)
(Damietta, 㪟㫀㪾㪿㫃㫐 not permitted 2 㪻㪼㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼 㪄 PSPeast) 㫉㪼㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫅㪻㪼㪻 Damietta Port permited Study of further (Damietta, NumericalSimulation for expansion 3 PSPwest, 㪥㫆㩷㪺㪿㪸㫅㪾㪼 㫀㫅㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼 㪄 Sedimentation Prevension at Damietta PSPeast) Port (PSPwest, 㪟㫀㪾㪿㫃㫐 not permit further 2 㪻㪼㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼 㪄 development PSPeast) 㫉㪼㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫅㪻㪼㪻
Port Said Port (East) 㪙㪼㫉㫋㪿 㪜㫏㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㫆㫅 㪠㪽㩷㪻㪼㪼㫇㩷㪹㪼㫉㫋㪿㩷㪼㫏㫋㪼㫅㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫊㩷㩹㫅㫆㫋㩷㫇㪼㫉㫄㫀㫋㫋㪼㪻㩹 㪟㫀㪾㪿㫃㫐 㪻㫉㪸㫊㫋㫀㪺㪸㫃㫃㫐 1 (PSPeast) 㪜㪸㫉㫃㫀㪼㫉㩷㫋㪿㪸㫅 㪠㪽㩷㪛㪸㫄㫀㪼㫋㫋㪸㩷㪧㫆㫉㫋㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫀㫊㩷㩹㫅㫆㫋㩷㫇㪼㫉㫄㫀㫋㫋㪼㪻㩹 㫉㪼㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫅㪻㪼㪻 㫀㫅㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼 㪧㫃㪸㫅㩷㫀㫊 㫉㪼㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫅㪻㪼㪻 Source: JICA Study Team Figure 4.1 Planning Flow of Port Development
2) STRENGTHENING OF FACILITIES FOR EXPORT/IMPORT FREIGHT
Some measures to improve container handling efficiency and capacity are suggested for each port: these include container yard expansion, change in layout, introduction of gantry cranes and RTGs, and so on. Most urgently, Alexandria Port requires the implementation of projects for the improvement of freight handling efficiency since the area is limited and is facing an increasing demand for freight handling at the port. Other ports require more freight handling capacity that requires more space.
- 15 - INLAND EXPORT AND IMPORT FREIGHT 4.2 TRANSPORTATION
The JICA Study Team identified five (5) freight corridors and two (2) potential corridors that are necessary for regional development in the future. The characteristics and features are different for each corridor, and thus the required logistics development policies are summarized by corridor.
1) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 1: ALEXANDRIA PORT - CAIRO
Aims The overall aim for Corridor 1: Alexandria Port-Cairo Corridor is to improve freight transportation capacity and transport efficiency: x Port section: Improvement of freight handling efficiency at Alexandra Port x Inland section: Promotion of railway and inland waterway services x Other consideration: Improvement of freight flow efficiency Solutions (1) Port section Alexandria Port can achieve the aims by introduction of new gantry cranes and RTGs together with container yard pavement improvements. Use of the land just behind the AICT container terminal is also recommended.
As for Dekheila Port, the JICA Study Team recommends a consolidation of the current container yards that are used inefficiently, and construction of new container yard by using the currently empty land areas in and adjacent to the port. Installation of conveyor system is also recommended.
(2) Inland section x Construction of new railway access line for export/import of freight to the 6th of October industrial zone. The railway freight service along this corridor can be promoted by constructing new railway short-cut access line directly connecting the 6th of October industrial zone with the existing freight line (Alexandria – El Ithad – Imbaba El-Giza), instead of going the long way around through Helwan. Usage of the current freight exclusive line is favourable to users who are sensitive to punctual delivery. In addition, loading/unloading space and equipment should be provided at the industrial zone to contribute to the improvement in the railway freight services.
x Improvement of existing river ports and construction of a new river port near the 6th of October industrial zone River Transport Authority has already completed the canal improvements and it is now ready for use for container transportation during the daytime. The JICA Study Team therefore recommends the construction of a new public river port near the 6th of October industrial zone and the improvement of the current two river ports in the GCR. The canal will be the most suitable for cost-sensitive but time-insensitive freight.
x Road network development Road network development can be achieved with good coordination between passenger
- 16 - and freight traffic. The construction of the planned regional ring road will contribute to alleviating the traffic congestion. As of September 2007, civil works and a detailed study on the regional ring road are already in progress.
(3) Other Consideration The JICA Study Team recommends the construction of a key logistics facility i.e. logistics center (composed of customs clearance facility, distribution/processing facility, container depot, truck terminal, etc.), which can store products/materials for value-added activities such as labelling, re-packing, and so on.
P10 International Container Terminal Development P8 Railway Yard Development P11 Petrochemical Berth Construction P9 Multipurpose Terminal Development P12 Grain Berth Extension P14 Middle Port Development between P13 Billet, Coal & Coke and Dry Bulk Berth Development Alexandria and Dekheila Ports P30 Container Terminal Consolidation and Handling P27 Container Yard Expansion Efficiency Improvement P28 Gantry Cranes Renewal and Additional RTG P31 Additional Container Yard Construction Installation P32 Additional Breakwater Construction P29 Container Yard Pavement Upgrade P33 Conveyor System Installation
R10 Burg El-Arab Access Line Construction R7 Electrification of Signaling for El-Rahm - Alexandria - Abu Qeer Line
R11 Sadat City Access Line Construction W13 New River Port Construction near 6th of October R9 6th of October Direct Access Line Construction SF9 Study for Logistics Center Development L1 Logistics Center Development (6th of October)
H28 Regional Ring Road Development (South Arc)
Figure 4.2 Recommended Projects for Corridor 1
2) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 2: DAMIETTA PORT – 10TH OF RAMADAN/CAIRO
Aims The overall aim for Corridor 2: Damietta Port-10th of Ramadan/Cairo Corridor is the guarantee of international hub port function and the improvement of freight transportation capacity. x Port section: Guarantee of the international hub port function and improvement of the freight handling capacity at Damietta Port x Inland section: Strengthening of overall inland transportation of this corridor, and provision of railway and inland waterway services x Other consideration: Improvement of freight flow efficiency Solutions (1) Port section First, a numerical simulation study for sedimentation prevention is recommended. After confirming the most effective solution for sedimentation control and once the feasibility assessment had been conducted, various projects should be implemented. Depending on the results of the proposed numerical study, the construction of new breakwater and upgrading (widening) of the access channel to depth of 17 meter may be suggested for the purpose of guaranteeing the international hub port function,
- 17 - Expansion of the KGL terminal is also required to handle containers more efficiently and to increase its handling capacity.
(2) Land section x Construction of new railway access line for export/import At present, there is no freight railway service along the corridor because of the lack of direct access line to the 10th of Ramadan industrial zone. By constructing new railway access line directly connecting between the 10th of Ramadan industrial zone and the Suez – Ain Shams line, (Bilbeis – 10th of Ramadan – Al Robeki Station on the Suez – Ain Shams line), the new railway freight service would serve for the freight demand along this corridor.
x New river port construction near Bilbeis The construction of new river port near Bilbeis would be studied in the long-term and aimed at transporting freight from the Upper Egypt area as well as Damietta Port. The potential freight covers mining-related heavy products and agro-products.
(3) Other Consideration The JICA Study Team recommends the construction of a logistics center in the 10th of Ramadan industrial zone, to serve the industrial zone and mega consumption area. This has the same purpose and facility components as that in the 6th of October industrial zone.
P15 KGL Container Terminal Construction (Phase-1) P16 KGL Container Terminal Construction (Phase-2) P17 Access Channel Deepening P18 Berth Conversion from General Cargo Berth to Container Berth P34 Access Channel Upgrade SP2 Study of Numerical Simulation for Sedimentation Prevention
R6 Electrification of Signaling of Beni Shebin El-Qanater - El-Zagazig - El-Mansura - Damietta Line W12 Bilbeis River Port Development R12 10th of Ramadan Direct Access Line Construction (Bilbeis - 10th of Ramadan) SF9 Study for Logistics Center Development L2 Logistics Center Development (10th of Ramadan)
SR1 New Freight Link Study (10th of Ramadan – Helwan, Marazip Bridge)
Figure 4.3 Recommended Projects for Corridor 2
- 18 - 3) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 3: PORT SAID PORT (WEST) – 10TH OF RAMADAN/CAIRO
Aims The overall aim for Corridor 3: Port Said Port (West) – 10th of Ramadan/Cairo Corridor is the guarantee of international hub port function and the improvement of freight transportation capacity. x Port section: Guarantee of international hub port function, and an improvement of freight handling capacity and efficiency x Inland section: Promotion of railway service x Other consideration: Improvement of freight flow efficiency Solutions (1) Port section The JICA Study Team concludes that the provision of deep berth is urgently required to confirm and maintain the status of Port Said Port (West) as an international hub port, and recommends the construction of deep berth (400 m, -16m) at least prior to the completion of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th development plans for Port Said Port (East). This should be implemented together with expansion of the container yard.
(2) Inland section This is similar to that for the Damietta Port – 10th of Ramadan/ Cairo Corridor. Since export/import freight volumes transported between Port Said Port (West) and the industrial zones, the promotion of rail freight services by constructing new access line between Bilbeis – 10th of Ramadan industrial zone – Al Robeki Station is indispensable. Furthermore, its extension to the 6th of October industrial zone should be studied in more depth to make sure that it can cope with the freight flow to and from Port Said Port (West).
(3) Other Consideration The JICA Study Team recommends the construction of a logistics center in the 10th of Ramadan industrial zone in the same way as that in the 6th of October industrial zone.
P19 Deep Berth Construction (400m) P35 Container Yard Expansion
Figure 4.4 Recommended Projects for Corridor 3
- 19 - 4) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 4: PORT SAID PORT (EAST) – 10TH OF RAMADAN/CAIRO
Aims A drastic increase in freight transport demand can be expected from Port Said Port (East) to the 10th of Ramadan/Cairo/6th of October areas. However, no specific transportation development is required for the corridor up to 2022. After the transportation demand exceeds the current transport capacity as a whole after 2022, some infrastructure development may be required when the industrial zone just behind the port area develops into a manufacturing center.
x Port section: Smooth implementation of port development plan x Inland section: None up to 2022 x Other consideration: Improvement of the transhipment function of the port Solutions (1) Port section Review of the current port development master plan is recommended since it is apparent that the planned water area for the turning basin and approach channel is too narrow for the expected number of vessels. In addition, the current road network plan in the industrial zone might cause traffic jams and result in inconvenient traffic flows.
(2) Inland section It is apparent that the current railway bridge is inconvenient to use as it can only be used two times a day and only for three hours for each time. In the future, a new tunnel under the Suez Canal may be necessary for the railway, but it is anticipated that this will not be necessary until after 2022 and far later.
(3) Other Consideration The JICA Study Team suggests the construction of a logistics center in Port Said Port (East) in the same way as that in the 6th of October industrial zone. It should be timed when industrial development has begun just behind Port Said Port (East).
P20 Container Terminal Development (Phase-2) P21 Container Terminal Development (Phase-3) P22 Container Terminal Development (Phase-4) P23 Container Terminal Development (Phase-5) SP3 Master Plan Supplemental Study SP4 Study on Bunkering Service Station
SF9 Study for Logistics Center Development L3 Logistics Center Development (Port Said Port East) R13 Railway Improvement (Ferdan – Port Said Port East)
Figure 4.5 Recommended Projects for Corridor 4
- 20 - 5) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 5: SOKHNA PORT – 10TH OF RAMADAN/CAIRO/6TH OF OCTOBER
Aims Before the transportation demand exceeds the current transport capacity as a whole, some infrastructure development will be required only when the industrial zone just behind the port area develops into a manufacturing center.
x Port section: None x Inland section: Promotion of rail service x Other consideration: None Solutions (1) Port section There are no specific suggestions for the improvement of logistics at Sokhna Port. The management of the first stage development is flexible in such a way that they have implemented the best measures to fulfil the demands of users.
(2) Inland section The construction of a new railway line between Bilbeis and Al Robeki Station on the Suez – Ain Shams line can provide direct access to the 10th of Ramadan industrial zone, on the way to Alexandria Port or Damietta Port. The JICA Study Team thus recommends that a study be carried out on a new freight link network between 10th of Ramadan (Al Robeki Station) and Helwan (Maraziq Bridge). The study will be conducted to investigate the rationale of the railway network for container freight, which runs around the Nile Delta, and to assess if this link would provide an economic and short route from Sokhna Port to the 6th of October industrial zone. In this proposed study, the potential for the private sector to take part in providing the freight transport service should also be explored.
P24 Container Terminal Development P25 General Cargo Terminal Development P26 Bulk Terminal Development
Figure 4.6 Recommended Projects for Corridor 5
- 21 - 6) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 6: QENA – SAFAGA PORT
Aims For Corridor 6: Qena-Safaga Port, the aim is to trigger the economic development in this region. x Port section: Development of container transportation x Inland section: Promotion of road transportation x Other consideration: Support for regional development Solutions (1) Port section Reefer containers require to transport fresh agro-products and to keep vegetables fresh. The Safaga multi-purpose berth development project aims at making it possible to handle the reefer containers for export.
(2) Inland section Egyptian National Railway should provide the reefer container transport service by purchasing railway wagons Road improvement of the Qena – Safaga section can also contribute to smooth and safe transportation services.
(3) Other consideration Collection and packing of agro-products requires speedy and careful handling and skills. Local collection and packing systems should be established together with the development of the logistics infrastructure. Such systems have been introduced by large agro-business companies and farmers’ cooperatives around the world, and thus no difficulty is anticipated for Egypt to introduce the system. An agricultural logistics study for a specific area would be worth.
P36 Safaga Multipurpose Terminal Development
Figure 4.7 Recommended Projects for Corridor 6
- 22 - 7) INLAND FREIGHT CORRIDOR 7: UPPER EGYPT – CAIRO
Aims For Corridor 7: Upper Egypt – Cairo, the goal is to initiate the economic development in the region and strengthen the linkage of freight transportation with Upper Egypt and Greater Cairo Region. x Inland section: Promotion of railway and inland waterway services for freight transportation x Other consideration: Support for regional development Solutions (1) Port section At present, there is no large scale inland waterway service for freight transportation by public use. This is due to the lack of river ports for freight. The distance between Aswan and Cairo is 960 km. The inland waterway service can be competitive in terms of transport cost with other transport modes. Therefore, the inland waterway services could be favoured by cost-sensitive users, especially for heavy freight. The JICA Study Team recommends that there should be a feasibility study on the River Nile freight transportation. The feasibility study would explore the rationale for the Qena river freight port construction plan, and the El Hadid and El Solb river freight port construction plans (Aswan).
As for the industrial zones located along the River Nile, some have failed to attract investors because of the lack of suitable access roads connecting to the trunk road. It is suggested that paved roads should be constructed to access any future new factories.
(2) Other consideration This corridor development aims at accelerating regional development, not at improving the efficiency of logistics in the corridor. Thus, even a lower investment return as measured by the value of the economic internal rate of return, can be accepted to allow implementation.
W10 Athar El Nabi River Port Development
W11 El-Tebin River Port Development
R8 Electrification of Signaling for Beni Suef - El-Menia - Asyut Line
Figure 4.8 Recommended Projects for Corridor 7
- 23 - SPEED-UP OF CUSTOMS CLEARANCE AND 4.3 PROCEDURES
Aims Supplementary measures are necessary to expedite customs clearance and procedures: x To simplify the procedure, and to improve the efficiency of customs clearance and procedures; and x To shorten the release time of freight and increase the freight handling volume at the ports.
Solutions The introduction of EDI and the single window system has been completed. Therefore, it is suggested that the system be monitored and necessary countermeasures applied immediately when problems are discovered. EDI connectivity within the ports is quite reliable; however, there is still no connectivity to forwarding companies and the truck industry. This is also a subject for improvement.
World experience indicates that a parallel procedure of customs clearance works and General Organization for Export and Import Control (GOEIC) procedures be adopted instead of the present serial procedure. Another suggestion is to allow the use of a copy of the B/L instead of the original one.
Many of dry ports have not yet installed the EDI system nor developed a computerized procedure, and thus, the manual procedure has resulted in lower efficiency in the dry ports than that at the seaports. This gap can negate the envisioned function of a dry port. In addition, the number and allocation of dry ports should be rationalized based on the principle of one dry port per area.
Advertising the current performance to shorten the release time for customs clearance could be used to attract new foreign direct investment to Egypt.
ENHANCEMENT OF SOFTWARE ASPECTS: 4.4 ESTABLISHMENT OF NATION-WIDE EDI SYSTEM
Aims x To enhance the business capability of the logistics industry x To improve the service quality of the logistics industry to fulfil users’ satisfaction x To make it easier for companies to conduct SCM operation.
Solutions Progress has been made with the introduction of EDI in the customs office at the seaports, while many of the dry ports in industrial zones are kept behind in this trend. Connectivity to the EDI system is also urgently required for the forwarding industry and truck transport industry. Web-EDI system is suggested. This system can also contribute to improving the service quality. However, as many of these companies are small- or medium-scale, their financial base is vulnerable. Some form of financial support could therefore be introduced to promote the EDI system in the logistics industry. The financial support should be promoted together with a training system for operators. In addition, EDI can be a pre-condition for approval of a forwarding business so that the basic quality of services of forwarding companies can be raised and kept sufficient to satisfy users.
- 24 - 4.5 RATIONALIZATION OF LOGISTICS FLOW
1) LOGISTICS CENTER DEVELOPMENT
Definitions The JICA Study Team recommends the construction of two logistics centers near the GCR.
There are many facilities that have similar functions, and they are defined below. To ensure smooth freight traffic flows around the GCR, a wide range of functions should be integrated into the system, as any single function below may not be sufficient. Table 4.1 Definitions of Logistics Center and Others Item Brief definition Logistics center No clear standard definition is given, but it is a hub where all the activities relating to transport, logistics, and freight distribution are carried out, and it integrates the functions of a distribution center, dry port and truck terminal into one. This center facilitates the most advanced IT system, and conducts the widest range of value-added activities. Distribution center Facilities that mainly serve transhipment from long distance traffic to short distance (urban) traffic, aiming at distribution efficiency. Re-packing and/or assembling are also conducted here as well as other value-added activities. Dry port A bonded site of logistics facilities for customs clearance and temporary storage, located far from seaports. Truck terminal Facility where goods are transferred between trucks without any value-added activities.
Aims To make freight flows more efficient and convenient for users by developing the functions that the logistics center can provide, which include, among others, the following: a) punctual collection and delivery of freight, and b) provision of value-added activities such as repacking, labelling, bar-coding, light assembly, and quick and simple customs clearance.
Most export/import freight has its destination or origin in the GCR and its outskirts, and the proposed logistics center should serve two major functions: First is the bonded customs clearance function for industrial freight, and second is the collection and delivery function from/to the big market of consumer goods. Some value-added activities are possible for both. Solutions The JICA Study Team recommends the construction of the 6th of October and the 10th of Ramadan logistics centers. Prior to construction however, it is also recommended that feasibility studies for these two logistics centers be conducted.
- 25 - Access Improvement x Due to the current inconvenient railway access from Alexandria to the 6th of October industrial zone, the JICA Study Team recommends the construction of a direct access line, which diverges at around Barkash or Manashy stations, directly to the 6th of October industrial zone and connecting to the Oasis line.
Construction of a river port would also contribute to attract cost- and punctuality- sensitive freight rather than speed-sensitive freight. This new river port should be located near the industrial zone.
x The 10th of Ramadan industrial zone is not connected with any railway services inspite of the railway line running near the industrial zone. Construction of the direct access line from Bilbeis to the 10th of Ramadan industrial zone is thus recommended to promote railway freight transportation between this industrial area and Damietta Port/ Port Said Port (West and East).
The construction of a new river port around Bilbeis would also improve access by inland waterway from Damietta Port to this industrial zone. However, intermodal transhipment is necessary and the transport distance of each mode might be rather shorter than the economic distance, so a careful examination of the viability of the new river port should be conducted.
Acquisition of Sufficient area The size of the logistics center is dependent of the volume of containers. However, average figures range from 100-150 ha to 400-500 ha since it requires space for a management office, customs clearance facilities, train handling space, container freight station, truck terminal, warehouses, vehicle repair facilities, and so on. The minimum area of 100 ha is equivalent to about six to eight times as wide as the existing two dry ports in the 6th of October industrial zone, and four times that in the 10th of Ramadan.
Facilitation of Sufficient Equipment x Sufficient numbers of loading/unloading equipment should be provided for both railway and truck containers by the management company of the logistics center, and offered at a reasonable price to attract more freight containers. x The logistics center is required to facilitate utilization of EDI system and replace all hand-written documents with digital ones to simplify and speed up the registration as well as for quick communication and equipment arrangement. It is recommended that the Customs Authority ensure that this is an integral part of the logistics center.
Relation with Existing Dry Ports It is suggested that the two existing dry port companies merge into one, and become part of the new logistics center management company. By doing this, all the equipments can be utilized without additional investment. Relationship with Existing Truck Terminal Plan Truck terminals as recommended in the CREATS Study can function in a mutually complementary manner as shown in Figure 4.9. Truck terminals mainly deal with domestic freight while the logistics center handles export/import freight.
- 26 - Junction of Alexandria Agricultural 1 10th Ram
3 Junction of Suez Desert Road C A I R O 6th of Oct
Junction of Upper Egypt Desert 2
Road and Ring Road Logistics Center
Truck Terminal Source: JICA Study Team Figure 4.9 Relationship of Logistics Centers and Truck Terminals
Action Plans The processes for project implementation are as follows: x Preparation of the total concept for the logistics center business by the government x Necessary legal arrangement by the government x Establishment of the business entity i.e. company Core entities should be existing dry port companies, ENR or private railway freight companies regardless of nationality. Other private investors are welcome. x Selection of the new site/land x Social and environmental impact study x Land acquisition x Selling the land of the existing dry ports x Construction of the direct railway access line x Construction of the logistics center and installation of equipment
Government Roles The government is expected to intervene in various fields. These will be discussed in Section 4.9.
- 27 - Other Logistics Center For many factories located in the industrial zones, they prefer keeping their imported materials at the public logistics center and receiving delivery of appropriate volumes when required by the factory. In this way, stock management costs are reduced as well as the financial burden attributable to the logistics activities by themselves.
Port Said Port (East) Logistics Center: The necessity of the logistics center at Port Said Port (East) is dependent on the progress of the industrial zone development adjacent to this port site. It is now on planning stage and, at present, there are still no factories.
The most advantageous timing for construction of the logistics center is anticipated to be after the 3rd or 4th stage of the port development plans, when the active economic linkage between industrial zones around Cairo and Port Said Port (East) industrial zone has been established. The progress of industrial development should therefore be carefully monitored.
The concept is that the logistics center should be in the port site or any bonded area near the port so that it would attract more factories into the industrial zone behind the port earlier than anticipated. It is expected, though, that a logistics center company might suffer some financial deficiency during the initial stages.
- 28 - 2) DRY PORT DEVELOPMENT
Aims To allocate the appropriate number of dry ports around the country, and enhance the operational performance of each dry port. The aim is to optimize the resource allocation of existing and future dry ports. Solutions The following criteria have been applied for assessing the dry port construction plan.
(1) One dry port in one industrial area Ideally, each industrial zone should have a dry port even though there is another one in a neighbouring industrial zone. There is even an industrial zone that has two dry ports. In an area, one big dry port is more convenient than many smaller ones that cannot be utilized to the full extent of their capacities.
It is recommended therefore that duplicated dry ports be phased out or merged into one bigger dry port. Some can be suggested to cease operation if the scale of industrial zone is too small.
(2) Establishment of dry port necessary for two governorates: Beni-Suef and Aswan The container volumes for future export/import at each governorate were estimated. These indicated governorates where a study for new dry port is necessary. As a result, it was concluded that establishment of dry ports at Beni-Suef and Aswan governorates is required. Moreover, the number and type of commodities should also be assessed in detail.
(3) Conversion into logistics centers Some dry ports should be converted into more comprehensive logistics facilities where various value-added activities can be provided. The criteria are the need to have both a distribution center and a dry port in one place. This is necessary for current dry ports in the 6th of October and 10th of Ramadan industrial zones.
- 29 - ENHANCEMENT OF FORWARDING INDUSTRY 4.6 DEVELOPMENT
Aims To enhance the capability of the forwarding industry to perform all the forwarding activities efficiently, and to attract more users from the manufacturing industry for export/import. Solutions (1) Facilities The limited service range of the forwarding industry is attributable to lack of information and communication technology (ICT) systems, especially the lack of connectivity with a nation-wide EDI system. In order to promote the introduction of EDI, other IT equipment and computer software such as web-EDI, the JICA Study Team suggests the provision of a subsidy for the forwarding companies to adopt such IT systems. In Egypt, this is a more suitable incentive or financial support than tax exemption or reduction.
Implementation of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) pilot project for cargo traceability and security is also suggested to widen the service range of the forwarding industry. Without this kind of freight tracing system, forwarding companies cannot be competitive in the international market.
Handling equipment should be regulated by a policy that should be provided by the logistics center/dry port. This treatment should aim at reducing the financial burden on small and medium companies of the logistics industry. With this arrangement and an EDI system, the construction of a logistics center can achieve more efficient operations.
Furthermore, forwarding companies are inclined to utilize old trucks aged more than 20–30 years, and their operation results in serious environmental degradation and freight damage. So there should be a policy guideline to call for the replacement of these old trucks. This can be implemented by adopting an official licensing system for forwarding companies.
(2) Financial incentive It is anticipated that many companies will face financial difficulty in purchasing the equipments and systems for the development of their facilities. Since many forwarding companies are small- and medium-enterprises, it is suggested that the government provide subsidies to support their purchase of the required IT equipment and software. This should be closely related to existing financial arrangements of the government so that details of this assistance will be left to the government and the authority concerned. The JICA Study Team recommends a financial incentive program by the government.
(3) Human resources Inspite of the great efforts of various education and training institutes, the availability of training for staff of the forwarding industry is still limited. This is partly due to the fact that no system has been established to impose on forwarding companies to train their staff by enrolling them in seminars and training courses. Also, there is no specific incentive to encourage forwarding companies to invest in training.
It is suggested that some important seminars/trainings should be a pre-condition for business approval and licence of the forwarding companies, under the jurisdiction and
- 30 - supervision of the Ministry of Transport and/or its institute. The seminars/trainings should cover the laws and regulations on forwarding activities, training in EDI or web-EDI operation, traffic regulations, the latest technology and so on. These policy suggestions are the most effective for enhancing the knowledge and operation skills of the forwarding industry.
Table 4.2 Qualifications for Forwarding Industry Staff: Japan’s Case Responsible Application Title of Qualification Purpose Authority Procedure Be certified Authorized by highly Lectures and International semi-formally as a accredited private examination Logistics Master highly capable association (once a year) logistics manager Registered Customs Can be attorney of Authorized by the Examination Specialist Customs Officer Government (once a year)
4.7 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
Aims To establish a national logistics policy and create an environment where the implementation of necessary logistics policies can be done smoothly, and to align all the efforts for recommended projects and programs. Solutions (1) Formulation of a national logistics policy and continuous updating At present, no comprehensive national policy on logistics development has been authorized. Once established, such policy would require continuous updating work to reflect shifts in emphasis or urgency of the national development policy as well as traffic/economic conditions. It is recommended to establish a consultation forum composed of representatives from government, private sector (forwarding industry) and the universities to reflect the opinions and needs of major stakeholders. In many countries, an international logistics competitiveness study group is set up to take responsibility for the tasks of developing and updating a national policy on logistics.
The new task of policy coordination between various ministries should come under the Ministry of Transport, as the ministry responsible for logistics development.
(2) Legal arrangement No regulations on freight forwarders have been established yet, resulting in logistics services that are rather inferior to international standards. The regulations required cover a wide range such as business licence, essential qualification of staff and equipment (completion of authorized seminars, EDI connectivity and authorized qualification in logistics business, etc.), authorization and supervision of logistics seminars/training, subsidy provision to promote an EDI system and equipment, and so on.
Enforcement of seminar/training participation by law is also suggested to further improve the service level of the logistics industry as a whole.
Laws and regulations are also necessary for the newly proposed logistics centers and dry port licences.
- 31 - (3) Institutional arrangement The Transport Planning Authority, Ministry of Transport is now the most appropriate government organization to take charge of the logistics development plan. However, it does not have a department or any trained staff specialized in the logistics planning. Thus, it is suggested that there should be a new department formed to specialize in logistics development planning. A new committee is also suggested to be set up for the specific purpose of preparing the construction plans for the logistics center. The committee can be administered by the TPA and should consist of all the government organizations and private sector concerned.
With plenty of pooled experience, this new committee and the department within the TPA would, in the future, be the core of the new independent logistics planning institute. This is considered the most realistic arrangement since logistics policy development involves many ministries and the new organization would be responsible for policy coordination among them as well as for the proper execution of the policy.
(4) Enhancement of policy-making capability Logistics and/or its development policy is a new concept for the government, and the individual policy makers and supporting staff have not yet had any overall planning experiences in logistics. Therefore, opportunities should be offered to the policy makers and supporting staff to absorb the latest situation of logistics planning and its actual application in foreign countries. Observation-cum-study tours are suggested both for the policy makers and for the support staff. As the proverb says, seeing is believing and actual observation is the most efficient and quickest way of getting acquainted with new knowledge. Training of policy makers and government staff are suggested to be part of the administrative capability enhancement program.
Professional advisors, experienced with official development aid from various donor countries, can be invited for short or medium periods in the initial planning stages. Initially, it is suggested that a dry port specialist be invited.
- 32 - HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT: 4.8 MORE TRAINING OPPORTUNITY
Aims x To acquaint the government staff with the latest knowledge of logistics to facilitate the current logistics planning by the government, and to enhance the capability of public administration staff; x To enhance the capability of forwarding companies and their staff in both management and operations; x To increase well-trained and efficient workers, and to raise the service levels of the logistics industry in general; and x To support staff of the manufacturing industry to become sufficiently competitive in the international market. Solutions In establishing a policy framework and enacting the necessary law, government staff will have to become better informed about current policy planning techniques and policy instruments in use for logistics development. This enriching and deepening of logistics knowledge is required both for policy makers and supporting staff. Inspection tours to countries with advanced logistics systems would be the most effective way to accomplish this purpose in a short time. Inviting logistics specialists to work in the offices together with government staff would be an alternative supplemental measure. An approach should be made to logistics advanced countries for support in these areas.
Operators and workers should be provided with opportunities to attend various training programs and seminars.
A government-authorized qualification should be a legal requirement for a business permit, and the training and seminar program could be a pre-requisite for the qualification. In this way, an incentive would be given to the trainees.
As a result, the human resources element in logistics activities can be enhanced. Since the Egyptian forwarding industry is composed of small and medium companies, these compulsory measures are necessary to raise the level of human resources and to guarantee the quality of service as a whole.
In summary, it is suggested that enforcement measures and incentives be applied to encourage the private sector to take part in the capacity enhancement program, with some financial support from the government. Some seminars and training can be pre-conditions for a company’s entry into the logistics business to secure the minimum level of services. Those seminars should be well integrated with current trends in logistics management know-how, current regulations, logistics facilities at seaports/logistics centers/dry ports, knowledge on how to use them, traffic law, and so on. Introduction of a new national qualification system would be useful to facilitate this kind of human resource enhancement. A subsidy system has been suggested to support the implementation and to ensure satisfactory results.
- 33 - 4.9 PROMOTION POLICY FOR LOGISTICS CENTER
Aims Supporting policies are aimed at making the newly proposed logistics center (including customs office) practical and acceptable for users, and also aims to transform current freight flows to be more smooth and efficient. For this purpose, better facilities and services are necessary. Government support can play an important role and be most effective in translating this plan into reality. Solutions (1) Promotion policies for logistics center services Necessary policies are listed, where the government can contribute to.
x Supports for facility improvement of logistics center 9 Support for determining the users’ preference: Feasibility study is necessary to undertake selection of the most convenient location, necessary services/equipment/facilities they want to use, transportation connectivity/ network, the freight volume and commodity to be handled, and so on. 9 Support for establishing the project framework: A committee is necessary, which consists of representatives of all major organizations concerned such as the ministries, government agencies, forwarding industry/truck transport service companies, and user companies (including manufacturing companies, wholesale companies, etc.). This committee can be managed by the TPA.. 9 Project framework covers the final selection of site, land acquisition process and its funding method, other government support measures, an advertisement for companies to invest on the logistics center company and user companies, selection of project type and capital formation scheme (including Build-Operate-Transfer, or Public-Private Partnership), preparation of necessary legislations, and so on. Related infrastructure development should also be studied by this committee as well as other related policy coordination. 9 Support for logistics center management: A tax exemption/reduction measure is suggested at the initial stage of the project operation. 9 Support for facility improvement of customs office within the logistics center: Special attention should be paid to solve the facility and service gaps from those in the sea ports. 9 Support for accessibility improvement to/from the logistics center - Access road development in the short term - Access railway lines construction to the logistics center in the short-or medium-term - New river port construction over the long term.
(2) Promotion policy for line-haul/delivery truck services, and for the forwarding industry Introduction of a new business registration system is suggested for vehicles/companies that use the logistics center, and engage in line-haul truck services and pick-up/delivery services. Qualification criteria can be i) age of vehicle and the maintenance conditions of the vehicle, and ii) participation to various seminars/trainings organized under the supervision of the Ministry of Transport.
- 34 - (3) Well-coordinated implementation program of promotion policies Policies implementation should be well coordinated. Particularly, synchronized implementation of the policies listed in (1) and (2) above would be most appropriate.
In addition, the followings are suggested: x Strengthening of a crackdown on over-loading of freight vehicles, x Tightening enforcement of automobile emissions control, x Increasing the toll rate for trucks and other freight vehicles, and x Construction of railway stations in the logistics centers with container yards, and/or new river ports close to logistics centers.
4.10 SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
All the projects proposed are subject to environmental impact assessment and need to follow the procedures of Law No. 4.
Egyptian Law No. 4 states that the environmental impact of certain establishments or projects must be evaluated before any construction works are initiated or a licence is issued by the competent administrative authority or licensing authority.
Law No. 4 refers to four (4) principles for evaluating the establishments or projects, and they are:
x Type of activity performed by the establishment x Extent of natural resources exploitation x Location of the establishment x Type of energy used to operate the establishment
All the projects can be classified into three groups, and each listed project would proceed as indicated in Figure 4.10.
x White list projects with minor environmental impact.
x Grey list projects that may result in substantial environmental impact. The proponent has to fill out the Environmental Screening Form “B”. The procedure consists of two stages: (1) screening (filling out form B) possibly followed by (2) a scoped Environmental Impact Assessment on certain identified impacts/processes.
9 Mass transit systems and expressways 50 km or less in length 9 The expansion or modification of an existing road that would lengthen or widen such road by more than 15% 9 Railway lines 50 km or less in length 9 Steel shipyards, dry docks, floating docks and ship maintenance
x Black list projects that require complete Environmental Impact Assessment. 9 Mass transit systems and expressways (more than 50 km in length) 9 New railway lines more than 50 km long
- 35 - Proponent
Submission of letter of intent CAA Review Appeal Classification of Projects of Decesion
Black Grey White Decision Environmental Environmental Full EIA Screening Screening Form B Form A
Scoped EIA (not all Projects)
Opinion Opinion Opinion
Egyptain Environmental Affairs Agenby (EEAA) Evaluation
Permanet Appeals Committee
㪑㩷㪘㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㫆㩷㪹㪼㩷㫇㪼㫉㪽㫆㫉㫄㪼㪻 㩷㩷㪘㫃㫃㩷㪻㪼㪺㫀㫊㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㪹㪼㩷㪺㫆㫇㫀㪼㪻㩷㫋㫆㩷㪜㪜㪘㪘㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫀㫅㪺㫃㫌㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪜㪠㪘㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫊㫋㪼㫉㪅 Source: Guideline for Egyptian Environmental Impact Assessment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), Environmental Management Sector Figure 4.10 EIA System and Application Processing Flow
Global environmental issues have recently been focus of attention in the whole world, particularly in terms of CO2 emission which causes global warming. In this connection, the JICA Study Team estimated the decrease in CO2 emission through the modal shift of freight transportation from truck to railway within the limit of the existing railway capacity.
In 2022, the railway freight transportation is estimated to be at almost full capacity, with 6% of the total freight transportation by truck shifted to railway.
The daily CO2 emission by this modal shift is calculated at 2.7 million US$/year taking into account the unit rate on emission trading scheme of 5US$/CO21000kg.
Strengthening of the railway corridors, therefore, would contribute a bigger decrease in CO2 emission. It is thus recommended to encourage a significant change in the share between truck and railway freight transportation in the view of this global environmental benefit.
- 36 - RECOMMENDED PROJECTS AND 5. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Project List The JICA Study Team has prepared the recommended projects for logistics development up to 2022 from three (3) strategic points of view: infrastructure development (hardware aspect), development of supporting measures for SCM (software aspect), and human resource development, which include nine (9) strategies discussed in Section 2.2.
Figure 5.1 shows the project selection, and the list includes “Ongoing/Committed Projects” (Table 5.1, Figures 5.2 and 5.3), “Planned Projects” proposed by governmental agencies, and the projects/studies suggested by the JICA Study Team. The last two are scheduled in three stages: short term (2007/08-2011/12), medium term (2012/13-2016/17), and long term up to the target year of 2022 (2017/18-2021/22) (Table 5.2, Figures 5.4 and 5.5).
Government of Egypt JICA Study Team
On-going Projects
Committed Projects
Recommended Projects / Highly Recommended Planned Projects Studies of JICA Study Team Project Groups
㪩㪼㪺㫆㫄㫄㪼㫅㪻㪼㪻㩷㪧㫉㫆㫁㪼㪺㫋㫊 Figure 5.1 Process of Project Selection
Prioritization In determining priority order of the Projects, the following criteria are applied: x High contribution to corridor development x High contribution to just-in-time delivery x High contribution to containerization x High demand of freight transportation for export/import x High contribution to export promotion x Projects that have high potential for public-private-partnership x High maturity of project
In addition to those items above, natural and social environmental concerns are also taken into consideration. They are: x Projects that have less impact on the natural environment x Projects with no or few resettlement issues Recommended Projects The planned/recommended projects and their respective implementation schedules are shown in Table 5.2, Figures 5.4 and 5.5, which are packaged by sector. For effective implementation, some individual recommended projects listed in Table 5.2 are grouped together into more comprehensive large projects, covering more than two sectors. The groups are given new project names. Within this framework of grouping or project combination, individual projects can complement one another to fulfil the optimum project potential to the greatest extent. These are the highly recommended project groups among many individual projects.
- 37 - Table 5.1 Ongoing/Committed Projects (1/2)
Project Implementing Project Cost Fund Project Name Status No. Agency (million LE) Source I. Sea Port P1 Warehouses Upgrading Project at Alexandria Port Ongoing Alexandria Port 20 GOE Authority P2 Flyover Construction Project at Dekheila Port Ongoing Alexandria Port 300 GOE (from Development Road) Authority P3 Container Yard Construction Project at AICT Alexandria Ongoing AICT 30 PPP P4 Container Yard Rehabilitation Project at Damietta Port Ongoing Damietta Container 30 GOE Handling Company P5 Container Yard Expansion Project at Port Said Port (West) Ongoing Port Said Port 200 PPP Authority P6 Basin 3 Terminal Construction Project at Sokhna Port Ongoing Sokhna Port 420 PPP Development Company P7 Radar Tower Building Construction Project at Alexandria Port Committed Alexandria Port 50 GOE Authority II. Road H1 Zagazig – Met Gamr Improvement Project Ongoing GARBLT 50 GOE H2 El Kasasen – El Salihya Improvement Project Ongoing GARBLT 100 GOE H3 Ismailia – El Kasasen – Abasa Improvement Project Ongoing GARBLT 120 GOE H4 El Senbellawen – Kafr Sakr Improvement Project Ongoing GARBLT 120 GOE H5 Regional Ring Road Development Project Ongoing GARBLT 1,500 GOE H6 Baris – Darb El Abryen Construction Project Ongoing GARBLT 120 GOE H7 Kanater – Khatatba – Tawfikya Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 250 GOE H8 Cairo - Belbis Agriculture Road Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 60 GOE H9 Kantara – El Salihya – Fakos – Abu Kber – Zagazig Committed GARBLT 350 GOE Improvement Project H10 Talkha – Samanod – El Mahala – Kafr El Sheik – Desok – Committed GARBLT 460 GOE Damanhur Improvement Project H11 Desok – Fooh – Metobas Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 200 GOE H12 El Mahala – Baltiem Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 160 GOE H13 Zefta – Tanta Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 50 GOE H14 Zagazig – El Senbellawen Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 150 GOE H15 Kafr El Dawar – Kafr El Zayat Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 150 GOE H16 Shubra – Banha Expressway Development Project Committed GARBLT 710 GOE H17 Cairo – Zagazig Expressway Development Project Committed GARBLT 350 GOE H18 Kafr El Zayat – Hosh Essa – Alexandria Expressway Committed GARBLT 800 GOE Development Project H19 Cairo - Alexandria Desert Road Upgrade Project Committed PPP 800 GOE H20 Cairo - Ismailia - Port Said Road Upgrade Project Committed PPP 800 GOE H21 Cairo - Suez Road Upgrade Project Committed GARBLT 500 GOE H22 Kanater - Bagour - Shben El Kom - Tanta - El Mahala Section Committed GARBLT 660 GOE Upgrade Project H23 International Coastal Road Upgrade Project Committed GARBLT 1,950 GOE H24 Cairo - Asyut Desert Road Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 360 GOE H25 Beni Suef - Menya - Asyut - Suhag Agricultural Road Committed GARBLT 600 GOE Improvement Project H26 Qena - Safaga Improvement Project Committed GARBLT 240 GOE H27 Toshka - Arken Road Construction Project Committed GARBLT 100 GOE Note: Fund Source: GOE is Government of Egypt Source: JICA Study Team based on data from various authorities
- 38 - Table 5.1 Ongoing/Committed Projects (2/2)
Project Implementing Project Cost Fund Project Name Status No. Agency (million LE) Source III. Railway R1 120 Locomotives Rehabilitation Project Ongoing ENR 396 GOE R2 120 Locomotives Installation Project Ongoing ENR 2,640 GOE, Qatar & Libya R3 300 Vehicles Upgrading Project Ongoing ENR 60 GOE (Semaf Factory) R4 Modernization Project for Signalling of Some Lines Ongoing ENR 60 GOE (Damietta – Mansura Line) R5 Modernization Project for Signalling of Some Lines Ongoing ENR 1,700 GOE (Beni Suef – El Minia – Aswan Line) IV. Inland Waterway Transport W1 Cairo - Damietta Waterway Development Project Ongoing River Transport 260 GOE Authority W2 Cairo - Aswan Waterway Dredging Project Ongoing River Transport 128 GOE Authority W3 Cairo - Aswan Waterway Navigation Development Project Ongoing River Transport 67 GOE (Phase I) Authority W4 El Maleh Lock Construction Project Ongoing River Transport 90 GOE Authority W5 Km 100 Lock Construction Project On-going River Transport 322 GOE Authority W6 Bolin Lock Upgrading Project Ongoing River Transport 2 GOE Authority W7 Km 61 Lock Construction Project Ongoing River Transport 6 GOE Authority W8 River Port Development Project at Alexandria Port Ongoing Alexandria Port 30 GOE Authority V. Dry Port D1 Bashtel Dry Port Development Project Ongoing Inland and Dry 25 PPP Ports Authority D2 Sakr Dry Port Development Project Ongoing Inland and Dry 50 GOE Ports Authority D3 El Obour Dry Port Development Project Ongoing Inland and Dry 68 Private Ports Authority Note: Fund Source: GOE is Government of Egypt Source: JICA Study Team based on data from various authorities
- 39 - Source: JICA Study Team based on data from various authorities Figure 5.2 Location Map of Ongoing/Committed Projects in Nile Delta
- 40 - Source: JICA Study Team based on data from various authorities Figure 5.3 Location Map of Ongoing/Committed Projects in Upper Egypt
- 41 - Table 5.2 Recommended Projects and Implementation Schedule (1/2)
Project Short Medium Long Project Cost Implementation Corridor Package Project/Program/Study No. Term Term Term (million LE) Agency 1. Alexandria - Package I. P9 Multipurpose Terminal Development Project at 2,000 Alexandria Port Authority Cairo / 6th of Development of Port Alexandria Port October Facilities for Container P10 International Container Terminal Development 470 Alexandria Port Authority Corridor Project at Dekheila Port P27 Container Yard Expansion Project at Alexandria 15 Alexandria Port Authority Port (AICT) P28 Gantry Cranes Renewal and Additional RTG 25 Alexandria Port Authority Installation Project at Alexandria Port (Government) P29 Container Yard Pavement Upgrade Project at 125 Alexandria Port Authority Alexandria Port (Government) P30 Container Terminal Consolidation and Handling 10 Alexandria Port Authority Efficiency Improvement Project at Dekheila Port P31 Additional Container Yard Construction Project at 25 Alexandria Port Authority Dekheila Port Package II. P11 Petrochemical Berth Construction Project at 120 Alexandria Port Authority Development of Port Dekheila Port Facilities for Bulk & P12 Grain Berth Extension Project at Dekheila Port 120 Alexandria Port Authority General Cargoes P13 Billet, Coal & Coke and Dry Bulk Berth 120 Alexandria Port Authority Development Project at Dekheila Port P33 Conveyor System Installation Project at Dekheila Alexandria Port Container & 175 Port Cargo Handling Co. Package III. P8 Railway Yard Development Project at Alexandria 4 Alexandria Port Authority Development of Port- Port related Infrastructure P14 Middle Port Development Project between 12,000 Alexandria Port Authority Alexandria and Dekheila Ports P32 Additional Breakwater Construction Project at 250 Alexandria Port Authority Dekheila Port Package IV. R9 6th of October Direct Access Line Construction 240 ENR Enhancement of Project Multimodal Transport R11 Sadat City Access Line Construction Project 190 ENR W13 New River Port Construction Project near 6th of 60 River Transport Authority October L1 Logistics Center Development Project (6th of 80 Inland and Dry Ports Authority October) Total 16,029 2. Damietta - Package I. P15 KGL Container Terminal Construction Project 560 KGL (private company) Cairo / 10th of Development of Port (Phase-1) Ramadan Facilities for Container P16 KGL Container Terminal Construction Project 660 KGL (private company) Corridor (Phase-2) P17 Access Channel Deepening Project at Damietta 132 KGL (private company) Port P18 Berth Conversion Project from General Cargo Berth Damietta Port Authority / to Container Berth at Damietta Port 30 Damietta Container Handling Company Package II. P34 Access Channel Upgrade Project at Damietta Port 1,200 Damietta Port Authority Upgrade of Access SP2 Study of Numerical Simulation for Sedimentation 10 Damietta Port Authority Channel Prevention at Damietta Port Package III. R6 Electrification of Signaling of Beni Shebin El- 734 ENR Enhancement of Qanater - El-Zagazig - El-Mansura - Damietta Line Multimodal Transport R12 10th of Ramadan Direct Access Line Construction 250 ENR Project (Bilbeis - 10th of Ramadan) W12 Bilbeis River Port Development Project 60 River Transport Authority L2 Logistics Center Development Project (10th of 80 Inland and Dry Ports Authority Ramadan) Total 3,716 3 & 4. Port Said Package I. P19 Deep Berth Construction (400m) Project at Port 400 Port Said Port Authority Port (West & Improvement of Port Said Port (West) East) - Cairo / Said Port West P35 Container Yard Expansion Project at Port Said Port 250 Port Said Port Authority 10th of (West) Ramadan Package II. P20 Container Terminal Development Project at Port 2,500 Port Said Port Authority Corridor Improvement of Port Said Port (East) (Phase-2) Said Port East P21 Container Terminal Development Project at Port 2,500 Port Said Port Authority Said Port (East) (Phase-3) P22 Container Terminal Development Project at Port 2,500 Port Said Port Authority Said Port (East) (Phase-4) P23 Container Terminal Development Project at Port 2,500 Port Said Port Authority Said Port (East) (Phase-5) SP3 Master Plan Supplemental Study at Port Said Port 10 Port Said Port Authority (East) SP4 Study on Bunkering Service Station at Port Said 10 Port Said Port Authority Port (East) Package III. R13 Railway Improvement Project (Ferdan - Port Said 900 ENR Facilitation of Logistics Port East) Function L3 Logistics Center Development Project (Port Said 80 Inland and Dry Ports Authority East) Total 11,650 Note: : The implementation schedule will depend on private company’s intention. Source: JICA Study Team
- 42 - Table 5.2 Recommended Projects and Implementation Schedule (2/2)
Project Short Medium Long Project Cost Corridor Package Project/Program/Study Implementing Agency No. Term Term Term (million LE) 5. Sokhna Port - Package I. P24 Container Terminal Development Project at Sokhna Sokhna Port Development - Cairo/10th of Development of Sokhna Port Company Ramadan /6th Port P25 General Cargo Terminal Development Project at Sokhna Port Development - of October Sokhna Port Company Corridor P26 Bulk Terminal Development Project at Sokhna Port Sokhna Port Development - Company Total - 6. Upper Egypt - Package I. P36 Safaga Multipurpose Terminal Development Project 100 Red Sea Port Authority Red Sea Promotion of R14 Reefer Container and Facility Project Corridor Containerization 10 ENR Total 110 7. Upper Egypt - Package I. R8 Electrification of Signaling for Beni Suef - El-Menia - 1,640 ENR Cairo Corridor Enhancement of Asyut Line Multimodal Transport W9 Cairo - Aswan Waterway Navigation Development 33 River Transport Authority Project (Phase II) W10 Athar El Nabi River Port Development Project 38 River Transport Authority W11 El-Tebin River Port Development Project 60 River Transport Authority SF7 Industrial Zone Access Road Construction Study 5 MOT SF8 Feasibility Study on the Nile River Freight 10 MOT Transportation Total 1,786 8. Other Package I. H28 Regional Ring Road Development Project (South 1,500 GARBLT Strengthening of Arc) Transport Network R7 Electrification of Signaling for El-Rahm - Alexandria 1,116 ENR - Abu Qeer Line R10 Burg El-Arab Access Line Construction Project 750 ENR Package II. D4 Dry Port Development Project (17 location) 720 Inland and Dry Ports Authority Development of Dry Port Package III. C1 Single Window System Establishment 50 Port Authorities Improvement of Customs Supplemental Project (Sea Ports) Procedure C2 Single Window System Establishment Project (Dry 10 Inland and Dry Ports Authority Ports) F1 Pilot Project on Radio Frequency Identification 60 Port Authorities (RFID) System SC1 Simple and Quick Procedure Program 10 Customs Authority/GOEIC SC2 Public Relation Improvement Program 10 Customs Authority/GOEIC Package IV. SF1 Financial Incentive Program 5 MOT/MOF Human Resouce SF2 Forwarding/Trucking Industry Service 5 MOT Development Enhancement Program SF3 Legal and Public Administration Framework 20 MOT Improvement Program SF4 Policy Maker Training Program 2 MOT SF5 Human Resource Development Program 20 MOT SF6 Technical Training Program 2 MOT Package V. SP1 Study for Coordination of Development Plans for 10 Maritime Transport Sector Study for Logistics Egyptian Ports Infrastructure SR1 New Freight Link Study (10th of Ramadan - 30 ENR Helwan, Marazip Bridge) SR2 Railway Freight Service Private Sector 10 ENR Management Study SF9 Study for Logistics Center Development 20 MOT Total 4,350 Note: : The implementation schedule will depend on private company’s intention. Source: JICA Study Team
- 43 - Source: JICA Study Team based on data from various authorities Figure 5.4 Location Map of Planned/New Projects in Nile Delta
- 44 - Source: JICA Study Team based on data from various authorities Figure 5.5 Location Map of Planned/New Projects for Upper Egypt
- 45 - 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The JICA Study Team recommends that the following six highly recommended project groups be implemented as soon as possible. All have been urgently requested and/or are crucially important for the improvement of logistics efficiency for exports/imports of Egypt.
(1) Egyptian Port Master Plan Study The main component is the study to coordinate the development plans for Egyptian ports, aimed to define the roles of each port and correspondingly formulate the national port development plan. There are two crucial issues: one is the action required to ensure that Egypt retains an international transhipment base i.e. hub port function, and the other is to confirm the feasibility of the Damietta Port development.
The component project is: x SP1: Study for coordination of development plans for Egyptian ports.
Specials emphasis falls on the two components related to SP1 below: x SP2: Study of numerical simulation for sedimentation prevention at Damietta Port, and x P19: Deep berth construction (400m) project at Port Said Port (West)
(2) Logistics Efficiency Enhancement for West Wing Delta The main component is the construction of a “logistics center” in the 6th of October industrial zone, and other supplementary projects that should be implemented in an appropriate timeframe.
The component projects are: x L1: Logistics center development project (6th of October), x R9: 6th of October direct access line construction project, x P8: Railway yard development project at Alexandria Port (included in the 5th Five-year development plan), x W13: New river port construction project near 6th of October, x SR2: Railway freight service private sector management study (Alexandria – 48 km station – Upper Egypt), and x SF9: Study for the Logistics Center Development.
(3) Logistics Efficiency Enhancement for East Wing Delta The aim and components are similar to the “Logistics Efficiency Enhancement for West Wing Delta”, except that the target area is 10th of Ramadan.
The component projects are: x L2: Logistics center development Project (10th of Ramadan), and x R12: 10th of Ramadan direct access line construction Project (Bilbeis – 10th of Ramadan). x SF9: Study for the Logistics Center Development
- 46 - (4) Upper Egypt Logistics Improvement This aims at stimulating economic development in the Upper Egypt region, by introducing reefer container services for the transport of agro-products and exporting them from Safaga Port. Another destination for reefer containers is the GCR.
The component projects are: x R14: Installation of reefer container project, x IP36: Safaga multi-purpose terminal and facility project, and x SF8: Feasibility study of the Nile River freight transportation.
(5) Improvement of Customs Procedures This aims at implementing additional improvement measures to further shorten the release time of freight at seaports.
The components are: x C1: Single window system establishment supplementary project (Seaports), x C2: Single window system establishment supplementary project (Dry Ports), x SC1: Simple and quick procedure program, x SC2: Public relations improvement program, and x F1: Pilot project on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system.
(6) Human Resource Development This aims at enhancing the capacity of human resources in a wide range of fields:
The components are: x SF1: Financial incentive program, x SF2: Forwarding/trucking industry service enhancement program, x SF3: Legal and public administration framework improvement program, x SF4: Policy maker training program, x SF5: Human resource development program, and x SF6: Technical training program.
In implementing any projects/studies suggested in this report, it is suggested that new detail and comprehensive study be conducted in the field of the latest conditions of the project environment and the demand forecast in order to reflect the specific purposes of the project/study concerned.
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Steering Committee Members No Role Name Position 1 Chairman Eng. Hassan Selim Vice Chairman, TPA 2 Member Mr. Galal Abuel Fotouh Chairman, Customs Authority 3 Member Dr. Ismail Mubarak Expert, Marine Transportation 4 Member Prof. Dr. Mohamed Aly Ibrahim Head of Department of International Transport and Logistics, Arab Academy 5 Member Prof. Dr. Omar Abdel Hamid Professor of International Transportation, Salman Faculty of Commerce, Helwan University 6 Member Ms. Fatma Mohamed Hassan Head of the Central Department for Technical Affairs, TPA 7 Member Ms. Azza Ahmed Ghanem Head of the Central Department for Economic Affairs, TPA 8 Member Ms. Nehad Mohamed Badra General Manager of Ports Affairs, Maritime Transport Sector 9 Member Mr. Mohamed Hatem Ezzat General Manager, Holding Company for Maritime and Land Transport 10 Member Dr. Nabil Abdel Fattah Sehsah Transport Consultant 11 Member Mr. Unsi Fahim Advisor, Ministry of Transport 12 Coordinator Mr. Alaa Moustafa Kamel Director, Technical Office, Ministry of Transport Counterpart Team Members No Name Position 1 Eng. Hassan Selim Vice Chairman, TPA 2 Ms. Azza Ahmed Ghanem Director of Economic Affairs, TPA 3 Eng. Amr Foud Mahmoud Douarah Planning General Manager, TPA 4 Eng. Samy Samouil Morkous Chief Engineer, TPA 5 Mr. Ayman Ahmed Abd El-Tawab Rezk Economic Affairs Expert, TPA 6 Mr. Ahmed El-Sayed Saleh Attah Allah Statistics Affairs Expert, TPA 7 Eng. Mona Mohamed Kotb Senior IT, TPA 8 Mr. Ali Ibrahim Mohamed Senior IT, TPA 9 Mr. Mohamed Abdel-Sabour El-Ghandor Senior Economist, TPA 10 Mr. Amged Abdel Alim Senior IT, TPA 11 Eng. Abd El-Fattah Enany Land Transport Planning General Manager, GARBLT Merchandise Transport Advisor, Commercial Dept, 12 Eng. Ashraf El-Sebaei ENR 13 Mr. Samir Ahmed Hgameis Maritime Transport Sector 14 Mr. Kamal Al Bandari Maritime Transport Sector Inspection General Manager, Land Ports and Dry 15 General. Abdel El-Rahman El-Feky Ports Authority 16 Mr. Osama Mouhamed Abd El-Menieem General Manager, GOEIC General Manager, Holding Co. for Maritime & Land 17 Mr. M Hatem E. Abou Mostafa Transport 18 General. Adel El-Kady Port Police Dept, Ministry of Interior 19 Eng. Asharaf El Dedaei ENR
- 48 - Academic Advisor and JICA Members No Name Position 1 Dr. Toshinori NEMOTO (advisor) Professor, Graduate School, of Commerce and Management, Hitotsubashi University 2 Mr. Katsuhiko OZAWA Resident Representative, JICA Egypt Office 3 Mr. Masakatsu KOMORI Deputy Resident Representative, JICA Egypt Office 4 Mr. Kenshiro TANAKA Assistant Resident Representative, JICA Egypt Office 5 Mr. Osamu TANAKA Assistant Resident Representative, JICA Egypt Office 6 Dr. Ashraf M. El-Abd Project Officer, JICA Egypt Office 7 Mr. Hideo MIYAMOTO Group Director, JICA Head quarters 8 Mr. Tomiaki ITO Group Director, JICA Head quarters 9 Mr. Chikahiro MASUDA Team Director, JICA Head quarters 10 Mr. Nobuhiro KAWATANI Project Coordinator, JICA Head quarters (up to June, 2007) 11 Mr. Makoto KANAGAWA Project Coordinator, JICA Head quarters (from July, 2007) JICA Study Team Members No Name Position 1 Mr. Ken NISHINO (from June, 2008) Team Leader 2 Mr. Akihisa KOJIMA (up to May, 2008) Team Leader/Intermodal Logistics Plan 3 Mr. Takeharu KOBA Demand Forecast/ Transport Plan 4 Mr. Nobuyuki IINUMA Logistics Infrastructure Plan (Sea Transport & Port) 5 Dr. Ahmed El Hakim Logistics Infrastructure Plan (Inland Transport) 6 Mr. Satoru NISHINO (up to March, 2007) Administration & Operation Plan 7 Mr. Hiydeya SAKURAI (from April, 2007) (Sea Transport & Port) 8 Dr. Nashreen G. Sinarimbo Administration & Operation Plan (Inland Transport) 9 Dr. Lim Pou Soon Forwarding Industry Plan 10 Mr. Teruo KAWAMURA Logistics Laws & Customs 11 Dr. Asaichi MIYAKAWA Logistics Industry Promotion/Policy 12 Dr. Hani Abdel Halim Privatization & PPP 13 Dr. Yoji TAKAHASHI Logistics System 14 Mr. Koichi ARAKAWA Logistics Survey/ Demand Analysis/ Administrator
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