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Hadriacus Palus As 2020 Mars Mission Landing Site: Massif-Bound Intercrater Basin on the Northern Hellas Rim

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Hadriacus Palus As 2020 Mars Mission Landing Site: Massif-Bound Intercrater Basin on the Northern Hellas Rim Hadriacus Palus as 2020 Mars Mission Landing Site: Massif-Bound Intercrater Basin on the Northern Hellas Rim NOTE ADDED BY JPL WEBMASTER: This content has not been approved or adopted by, NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. This document is being made available for information purposes only, and any views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of NASA, JPL, or the California Institute of Technology. First Landing Site Workshop for the Mars 2020 Rover Mission May 14-16, 2014 J. A. Skinner, Jr. 1, C. M. Fortezzo 1, T. M. Hare 1, K. L. Tanaka 1, and T. Platz 2,3 1USGS Astrogeology Science Center; 2Freie Universität Berlin, Planetary Science Institute 3 HRSC DTM over CTX mosaic Why Hadriacus Palus? Hadrian’s Marsh Land on science T E R R A Exhumed Noachian extensional basin sequence T Y R R H E N A Terby Lacustrine, fluvial, and volcanic outcrops crater HADRIACUS Representative highland plains units PALUS 2 channel systems, different provenance H E L L A S 30 m - >100 m exposed and accessible strata P L A N I T I A High likelihood basement and volcanic rock Mineralized fractures pervasive Hydrated minerals in section Site Name Hadriacus Palus T E R R A Center Coordinates 26.919°S, 77.971°E T Y R R H E N A Terby crater Elevation (MOLA) -2623.1 ± 50.4 m HADRIACUS PALUS Slope (MOLA) 0.60 ± 0.58º H E L L A S Ellipse size 25 x 20 (nominal) Prime Science Targets Subaqueous sediments P L A N I T I A Stratified units Channels Volcanics • Ovoid basin 160 km x 80 km Physiographic Setting • Massifs (crustal blocks, volcanic edifice) • High, mid, and low plains (varied infill) 840 m • Impact crater materials • Exhumed basin sequences (cavi) -2250 m -3640m -2058 m 1134 m 25 km HRSC DTM/CTX mosaic • Noachian to Hesperian terrains dominate Physiographic Setting • Major drainage from multiple directions • Diverse provenance for basin deposits • Timing relative to Hellas unresolved • Very ancient open basin system • Rover accessible cavi window to basin 25 km HRSC DTM/CTX mosaic Geologic Setting (1:250K, 75K, 20K) 4.06 ± 0.1 Ga Emplacement Basin sequences thickening southward A (3.39 ± 0.15 Ga Resurfacing) Pre-Noachian (?) massifs E. Noachian highland slopes Cavi strata spans Noachian M. Noachian to E. Hesperian (?) channels Emplacement and exhumation 3.45 ± 0.25 Ga (1.57 ± 0.55 Ga) (3.38 ± 0.08 Ga) Record of representative highland basin Cavi material Crater material Highland slope material Palus units Channel and fan Highland material material 3.73 ± 0.21 Ga A’ Massif material Stratified material A A’ (~4.1 Ga) (~4.1 Ga) Existing Data (High Resolution) 86.4% ROI 4.3% ROI CTX CRISM 100% Ellipse 0.0% Ellipse 14.3% ROI 20.79% ROI HiRISE MOC 2.7% Ellipse 0.0% Ellipse Priority Science Observations 5 km CTX mosaic (MSSS/NASA/JPL) Ellipse Center Stratified deposits Inverted channel (southern system) 2-6 m Center 8-14 m Late Noachian to Early Hesperian Subdued sinuous scarp N-S Stratified deposits Stratified Raised sinuous ridges E-W deposits 1 km Raised ▲landform at termination CTX mosaic (MSSS/NASA/JPL) Environment (exhumed) Key Observations Lake bed deposits (~4 m) Exhumed strata, Basin-fan contact Fluvial deposits (~12 m) Fluvial strata Terminal fan (~10 m) Channel surface Southern Channel System Sheds Nm and Nh 1 (EN basin rim) Channel system Multiple fluvial events Abuts and breaches inverted channel Linear ridges (mineralized fractures) Key Observations Lithologic gradation in channel surface (>10 m) Breach and secondary channel (>20 m) Mineralized fractures in basin floor (arrows) >125 km length (20 km inverted) Inverted Channelc Secondary Channel Inverted Channel Tertiary Channel 1 km CTX mosaic (MSSS/NASA/JPL) Southern Channel System Inverted Channel Breach (Overtop?) Hesperian exhumation 20-22 m Southern channel system Second fluvial event Abuts and breaches inverted channel Key Observations Inverted channel surface (>10 m) Breach and secondary channel (>20 m) Lineaments in basin floor (arrow) 1 km Track M-LN change in provenance CTX mosaic (MSSS/NASA/JPL) Northern Channel System Noachian (~M-L?) emplacement Sheds Npld (dissected regolith) Northern channel system Drains upper highland surfaces (Npld) Abuts inverted channel Multiple fluvial events Key Observations Inverted channel surface (>10 m) Secondary channel (>20 m) Mineralized ridges in basin floor (arrows) >100 km length (25 km inverted) 1 km CTX mosaic (MSSS/NASA/JPL) Northern Channel System Mineralized fractures (tectonism, hydrothermal) Hesperian(?) exhumation Channel-exhumed basin contact Well-exposed mineralized fractures Track M-LN change in provenance Inverted channel tracks to NE 1 km CTX mosaic (MSSS/NASA/JPL) Cavi Margin Streamlined islands Scoured Surface Stratified palus surface 100 m Brecciated unit Brecciated unit Stratified basin fill 500 m ESP_026412_1525 ESP_031924_1525 Beyond the Ellipse (Drive2 km to) Referent section Referent Section Columnar joints Columnar joints (lava, tuff) (lava, tuff) ~30 m thick frt000091b1 25 m 30 m Referent section Key exposures of Noachian geological record Channel x-sections Details true basin filling strata Deposition and exhumation sinuous channels Inverted channel 100 m 50 m Mineralogy 2 km R = BD2300 Hydrated Phyllosilicate G = SINDEX Hydrated minerals, sulfates B = BD2300 Monohydrated sulfates frt000091b1 Red = Phyllosilicates BD2300 ESP_032425_1525 Green = Sulfates BD2400 (SINDEX) 1 km across image Blue = Monohydrated Minerals BD2100 Existing Data (High Resolution) 86.4% ROI 4.3% ROI CTX CRISM 100% Ellipse 0.0% Ellipse 14.3% ROI 20.79% ROI HiRISE MOC 2.7% Ellipse 0.0% Ellipse Thermal Character THEMIS daytime IR mosaic THEMIS nighttime IR mosaic 5 km NASA/JPL/ASU NASA/JPL/ASU RequiredData Coverage Data Coverage Needed 4 HiRISE Number Location Science Rationale • Stratified lake bed units 1-3 Ellipse center • Inverted channels, terminations • Fracture and ridge unit 1 2 3 5 • Channel surface, canyon walls 4 Northern channel system • Palus marginal contact • Dissected highlands • Stratified basin upper units 5 Eastern channel system • Eastern channel and highlands • Eastern palus margin CRISM Number Location Science Rationale 5 • Stratified basin surface units 1-2 Ellipse center • Inverted channels and fans 1 6 • Southern palus margin 2 3-4 Cavi • Correlate exposures 4 • Fractured deep basin units 3 • Channel walls and margins 5-6 Bounding highland slopes • Dissected highland source Geological Criteria (Qualified and Surpassed) Threshold Geological Criteria Notes Subaqueous sediments or hydrothermal sediments Stratified deposits (fluvial and lacustrine) Hydrothermally altered rocks or low-T fluid-altered rocks ? Additional CRISM FRT required Presence of aqueous phase minerals in outcrop Hydrated phases present in outcrop Noachian/Early Hesperian age units Pervasive throughout Access to unaltered igneous rocks as float Two major channel systems; impact ejecta Not a special region Lies north of modeled 5 m ice depth Potentially Qualifying Geological Criteria Notes Morphologic evidence for standing bodies of water Two major channel systems and /or fluvial activity Assemblages of secondary minerals of any age ? Additional CRISM FRT required Presence of former water ice X None identified Igneous rocks of Noachian age, of known stratigraphic Palus bounding intermediate highland units; ? relation … including exhumed megabreccia likely in basal sections of stratigraphic sequence Volcanic unit of Hesperian or Amazonian age ? Hesperian pyroclastics; no Amazonian identified High probability of “opportunistic” samples (e.g., Ejecta and secondary craters accessible; ejecta, mantle, xenoliths) mantle and xenoliths possible as float Potential for resources for future human missions ? TBD Engineering Constraints Land on site EDL Options 25 x 20 km ellipse location nominal (can shift) RT and +TRN (useful, not critical) Avoid local impact craters More specified target Hazard avoidance Efficient pre-plan of traverse envelope Traverse conditions favorable, unknown Constraint Elevation below +0.5 km MOLA Latitude ±30°of the equator Landing ellipse, nominal (25 km x 20 km) Landing ellipse, range trigger (18 km x 14 km) <100 m relief at 1 to 1,000 m baseline lengths <25 – 30 slopes at 2-5 m baseline lengths ? Rock abundance and height/occurrence probability ? Radar reflectivity >-20 dB and <+15 dB at Ka band ? Load bearing surface: TI >100 J m -2 K-1 s-½ Load bearing surface: Albedo <0.25 Summary - Hadriacus Palus Excellent and Accessible Geological Terrains Representative section of Martian intercrater plains Regional and local geology fairly well constrained (evolving) Land on Science Basin formation and filling processes Fluvial and lacustrine infill (up to 30 m <10 km from ellipse center) Diverse provenance (EN Hellas massifs, dissected regolith) Exhumation and infill (multiple times) Mineralized fractures Go to Science Traverse across Noachian-Hesperian boundary Down basin Down traverse (100 m section <15 km from ellipse center) Important science issues to be resolved Lacustrine and fluvial environment (MN H) Crustal formation (bounding massifs) T E R R A Igneous processes (?) Basin filling processes T Y R R H E N A Channel sequencing and inversion Terby crater Alteration processes (filled fractures) HADRIACUS Syn- and post-tectonic sedimentation PALUS Satisfies Science and Engineering H E L L A S Remaining work Mineralogic character and diversity from orbit P L A N I T I A Correlate with exposed stratigraphy Tighten stratigraphic bounds .
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