DOCSLIB.ORG

Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Parascedosporium and its relatives: phylogeny and ecological trends Lackner, M.; de Hoog, G.S. DOI 10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.07 Publication date 2011 Document Version Final published version Published in IMA Fungus Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Lackner, M., & de Hoog, G. S. (2011). Parascedosporium and its relatives: phylogeny and ecological trends. IMA Fungus, 2, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.07 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:30 Sep 2021 doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.07 IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 2 · No 1: 39–48 Parascedosporium and its relatives: phylogeny and ecological trends ARTICLE Michaela Lackner1,2,3 * and G. Sybren de Hoog3,4,5 1Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany; corresponding author: email: Michaela. [email protected] 2Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 3CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 4Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands 5Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University Health Center, Beijing, China; and Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China *Current institute: Innsbruck Medical University, Devision of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, A-6020 Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregel Strasse 3, Phone: 0043 512 9003 70725; Fax: 0043 512 900 73700; Abstract: The genus Scedosporium and its relatives comprising microascalean anamorphs with slimy Key words: conidia were studied. Graphium and Parascedosporium also belong to this complex, while teleomorphs Parascedosporium tectonae are found in Pseudallescheria, Petriella, Petriellopsis, and Lophotrichus. Species complexes were clearly Rhinocladium lesnei resolved by rDNA ITS sequencing. Significantly different ecological trends were observed between Graphium putredinis resolved species aggregates. The Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium prolificans clades were the only Doratomyces putredinis lineages with a marked opportunistic potential to mammals, while Petriella species were associated Scedosporium primarily with soil enriched by, e.g. dung. A consistent association with bark beetles was observed in the Pseudallescheria Graphium clade. The ex-type strain of Rhinocladium lesnei, CBS 108.10 was incorrectly implicated by Microascales, ecology Vuillemin (1910) in a case of human mycetoma; its sequence was identical to that of the ex-type strain of Parascedosporium tectonae, CBS 127.84. Article info: Submitted: 3 January 2011; Accepted: 7 May 2011; Published: 12 May 2011. INTRODUCTION Scedosporium and its synnematous synanamorph Graphium on the basis of sympodial conidiogenesis of the Scedosporium This study aims to provide a phylogenetic overview of the morph, conidia being borne on large, blunt denticles, and relatives of the human-opportunistic genus Pseudallescheria. annellidic in the Graphium morph. Scedosporium, consistently Members of this genus, producing Scedosporium and present in members of the teleomorph genera mentioned eventually Graphium (syn)anamorphs, are found in above, has percurrent conidiogenesis resulting in somewhat industrially or agriculturally enriched environments. They slimy conidia. The description of Parascedosporium provided are frequently observed in subcutaneous and systemic by Gilgado et al. (2007) was based on an authentic strain of infections. Among the infections caused is a unique clinical Graphium tectonae (Booth 1964), CBS 127.84, which they entity, the near-drowning cerebral abscess (Guarro et al. renamed Parascedosporium tectonae. The strain had been 2006). The species are also encountered as persistent isolated from Tectonia grandis seeds in Jamaica and its colonizers of the respiratory tract of patients with cystic relation to the plant-inhabiting species Graphium putredinis fibrosis (Lu et al. 2011). In contrast, monomorphic Graphium needed to be established. We uncovered the ex-type strain species have been reported from galleries of bark beetles in of Rhinocladium lesnei which appeared to be molecularly conifer wood (Jacobs et al. 2003). This study was undertaken similar to P. tectonae, but, according to its original description, to establish, whether these widely different ecologies show it was associated with a case of human mycetoma. any phylogenetic consistency. These widely different origins of supposedly interrelated Gilgado et al. (2007) introduced the polymorphic generic strains required a thorough re-evaluation of the material. name Parascedosporium Gilgado in the framework of a taxonomic revision of Scedosporium, its synanamorph Graphium and its teleomorphs Pseudallescheria, Petriella, and Petriellopsis. Parascedosporium was segregated from © 2011 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 2 · NO. 1 39 Lackner & De Hoog 476983 enBank AM749735; AM749149 GQ HQ185348 FJ914685 AB007686 AM774156 AY879799 AY148177 AY148178; AY148180 AY148179 FJ434981 HQ185347 AY148185 AY148186 FJ824623 AY148184 AY148182 AY148183 AY148181 AB038433 AB038432 AB038430 AB038425 AB038427 G number ARTICLE Africa ountry New Zealand Netherlands Japan Japan USA India France Austria Austria China France Austria South Sweden Austria Austria Austria Scotland Czech Republic Czech Republic Czech Republic Japan Solomon Islands C - flask leaf goat foot ource sp. of S oil Actinidia deliciosa, lesions Unknown Bathroom Chrysalido carpus lutescens decayed wood S Dung Picea abies Picea abies Picea abies Tsuga dumosa Tsuga Human, mycetoma Pinus sylvestris Pinus Unknown Larix decidua Larix decidua Larix decidua Larix decidua Populus nigra, wood core Populus nigra, wood core Populus nigra, wood core Soil Forest soil Host/ Ips typographus Ips typographus Ips typographus Tomicus minor Tomicus Orthotomicus erosus Ips typographus Ips cembrae Ips cembrae Ips cembrae Ips cembrae Associated insect (T). with 229758 5606 5607 842988 11709; 2997 strains PRM CMW CMW DAOM MFC MUCL ex-type 229759 229757 229754 15754 A-8019 3352; 3353; 5602; 8082 9765 10498; 10496 9300; and 11150 14898 14860; ross reference numbers dH JCM JCM NRRL dH CMW dH MUCL CMW CMW DAOM DAOM DAOM JCM JCM JCM C (ET), with tatus (T) (T) (T) (T) (T) (ET) (T) S epitypes (ST), 18 5605 12285 5611 503 5603 5601 5598 with 118694 100392 102083 102085 665.71 129.78 422.94 108.10 421.94 116195 102632 10499 102630 320.72 8083 train CBS HSAUP052348 CBS CBS CBS CBS CBS CMW CBS CBS CBS CMW CMW CMW AsaP. CBS CMW CMW CMW JCM CBS CBS JCM CBS S numbers marked are Syntypes bsolete name Parascedosporium tectonae Graphium putredinis Graphium tectonae Graphium pudretinis Graphium calicioides Microascus trigonosporus trigonosporus var. Pseudallescheria fimeti Graphium fimbriisporum Graphium fimbriisporum Rhinocladium lesnei Graphium fimbriisporum Graphium pseudormiticum Graphium pseudormiticum Graphium pseudormiticum Graphium pseudormiticum Graphium laricis Graphium laricis Graphium laricis Graphium laricis Graphium penicillioides Graphium penicillioides Graphium penicillioides Graphium basitruncatum Graphium basitruncatum O construction. - - tree D phylogenetic urrent I for P. putredinis P. P. putredinis P. P. putredinis P. P. putredinis P. P. putredinis P. Microascus trigono trigono sporus var. sporus L. fimeti R. fimbriasporum R. fimbriasporum P. putredinis P. R. fimbriasporum G. pseudomiticum G. pseudomiticum G. pseudomiticum G. pseudomiticum G.laricis G.laricis G.laricis G.laricis G. penicillioides G. penicillioides G. penicillioides G. basitruncatum G. basitruncatum C used Strains able 1. Parascedosporium Parascedosporium Parascedosporium Parascedosporium Parascedosporium Microascus Lophotrichus Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Graphium Main clade T 40 IMA FUNGUS Parascedosporium
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EPPO Standards Š
    EPPO Standards DIAGNOSTIC PROTOCOLS FOR REGULATED PESTS CERATOCYSTIS FAGACEARUM PM 7/1(1) English oepp eppo European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization 1, rue Le Nôtre, 75016 Paris, France APPROVAL EPPO Standards are approved by EPPO Council. The date of approval appears in each individual standard. In the terms of Article II of the IPPC, EPPO Standards are Regional Standards for the members of EPPO. REVIEW EPPO Standards are subject to periodic review and amendment. The next review date for this EPPO Standard is decided by the EPPO Working Party on Phytosanitary Regulations. AMENDMENT RECORD Amendments will be issued as necessary, numbered and dated. The dates of amendment appear in each individual standard (as appropriate). DISTRIBUTION EPPO Standards are distributed by the EPPO Secretariat to all EPPO member governments. Copies are available to any interested person under particular conditions upon request to the EPPO Secretariat. SCOPE EPPO Diagnostic Protocols for Regulated Pests are intended to be used by National Plant Protection Organizations, in their capacity as bodies responsible for the application of phytosanitary measures, to detect and identify the regulated pests of the EPPO and/or European Union lists. In 1998, EPPO started a new programme to prepare diagnostic protocols for the regulated pests of the EPPO region (including the EU). The work is conducted by the EPPO Panel on Diagnostics and other specialist Panels. The objective of the programme is to develop an internationally agreed diagnostic protocol for each regulated pest. The protocols are based on the many years of experience of EPPO experts. The first drafts are prepared by an assigned expert author(s).
    [Show full text]
  • Bretziella, a New Genus to Accommodate the Oak Wilt Fungus
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 27: 1–19 (2017)Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus... 1 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.27.20657 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota) Z. Wilhelm de Beer1, Seonju Marincowitz1, Tuan A. Duong2, Michael J. Wingfield1 1 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa 2 Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Bio- technology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Corresponding author: Z. Wilhelm de Beer ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Lumbsch | Received 28 August 2017 | Accepted 6 October 2017 | Published 20 October 2017 Citation: de Beer ZW, Marincowitz S, Duong TA, Wingfield MJ (2017) Bretziella, a new genus to accommodate the oak wilt fungus, Ceratocystis fagacearum (Microascales, Ascomycota). MycoKeys 27: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/ mycokeys.27.20657 Abstract Recent reclassification of the Ceratocystidaceae (Microascales) based on multi-gene phylogenetic infer- ence has shown that the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum does not reside in any of the four genera in which it has previously been treated. In this study, we resolve typification problems for the fungus, confirm the synonymy ofChalara quercina (the first name applied to the fungus) andEndoconidiophora fagacearum (the name applied when the sexual state was discovered). Furthermore, the generic place- ment of the species was determined based on DNA sequences from authenticated isolates. The original specimens studied in both protologues and living isolates from the same host trees and geographical area were examined and shown to represent the same species.
    [Show full text]
  • Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
    Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 716–784 By: P.W
    Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784 By: P.W. Crous, M.J. Wingfield, T.I. Burgess, G.E.St.J. Hardy, J. Gené, J. Guarro, I.G. Baseia, D. García, L.F.P. Gusmão, C.M. Souza-Motta, R. Thangavel, S. Adamčík, A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.D.P. Bezerra, J.J. Bordallo, J.F. Cano-Lira, R.J.V. de Oliveira, E. Ercole, V. Hubka, I. Iturrieta-González, A. Kubátová, M.P. Martín, P.-A. Moreau, A. Morte, M.E. Ordoñez, A. Rodríguez, A.M. Stchigel, A. Vizzini, J. Abdollahzadeh, V.P. Abreu, K. Adamčíková, G.M.R. Albuquerque, A.V. Alexandrova, E. Álvarez Duarte, C. Armstrong-Cho, S. Banniza, R.N. Barbosa, J.-M. Bellanger, J.L. Bezerra, T.S. Cabral, M. Caboň, E. Caicedo, T. Cantillo, A.J. Carnegie, L.T. Carmo, R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz, C.R. Clement, A. Čmoková, L.B. Conceição, R.H.S.F. Cruz, U. Damm, B.D.B. da Silva, G.A. da Silva, R.M.F. da Silva, A.L.C.M. de A. Santiago, L.F. de Oliveira, C.A.F. de Souza, F. Déniel, B. Dima, G. Dong, J. Edwards, C.R. Félix, J. Fournier, T.B. Gibertoni, K. Hosaka, T. Iturriaga, M. Jadan, J.-L. Jany, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kolařík, I. Kušan, M.F. Landell, T.R. Leite Cordeiro, D.X. Lima, M. Loizides, S. Luo, A.R. Machado, H. Madrid, O.M.C. Magalhães, P. Marinho, N. Matočec, A. Mešić, A.N. Miller, O.V. Morozova, R.P. Neves, K. Nonaka, A. Nováková, N.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Ceratocystis Fimbriata Infecting Eucalyptus Grandis in Uruguay
    CSIRO PUBLISHING www.publish.csiro.au/journals/app Australasian Plant Pathology, 2003, 32, 361–366 Ceratocystis fimbriata infecting Eucalyptus grandis in Uruguay I. BarnesA,D, J. RouxA, B. D. WingfieldB, M. O’NeillC and M. J. WingfieldA ADepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. BDepartment of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. CUruguaya S. A. Forestry Company, Rivera, Uruguay. DCorresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. Uruguay has a rapidly growing forestry industry consisting mainly of exotic Pinus and Eucalyptus spp. Recently, there have been reports of individual E. grandis trees wilting and dying rapidly in plantations. The aim of this investigation was to survey the dying E. grandis in the Rivera area of Uruguay and to determine the cause of the Eucalyptus wilt. Sap-staining symptoms were observed on recently pruned E. grandis. Discs of discoloured wood were cut from these pruned trees and from the stems of dying trees. These disks were stored in a moist environment to induce fungal sporulation. Ascomata, typical of a Ceratocystis sp., were found covering the edges of the wood where streaking symptoms occurred. Morphologically, the fungus resembles C. fimbriata. The internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal RNA operon of the Ceratocystis sp. were amplified and sequenced. Sequence data confirmed placement of this fungus amongst other isolates of C. fimbriata. Furthermore, the sequence data showed that the Uruguay isolates are most closely related to those from diseased Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil, Congo and Uganda. C. fimbriata is a well-known pathogen of many woody plants and could constitute a serious threat to intensively managed E.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Bioactive Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated From
    Qadri et al. SpringerPlus 2013, 2:8 http://www.springerplus.com/content/2/1/8 a SpringerOpen Journal RESEARCH Open Access Identification and bioactive potential of endophytic fungi isolated from selected plants of the Western Himalayas Masroor Qadri1, Sarojini Johri1, Bhahwal A Shah2, Anamika Khajuria3, Tabasum Sidiq3, Surrinder K Lattoo4, Malik Z Abdin5 and Syed Riyaz-Ul-Hassan1* Abstract This study was conducted to characterize and explore the endophytic fungi of selected plants from the Western Himalayas for their bioactive potential. A total of 72 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as on the basis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal gene sequence acquisition and analyses. The fungi represented 27 genera of which two belonged to Basidiomycota, each representing a single isolate, while the rest of the isolates comprised of Ascomycetous fungi. Among the isolated strains, ten isolates could not be assigned to a genus as they displayed a maximum sequence similarity of 95% or less with taxonomically characterized organisms. Among the host plants, the conifers, Cedrus deodara, Pinus roxburgii and Abies pindrow harbored the most diverse fungi, belonging to 13 different genera, which represented almost half of the total genera isolated. Several extracts prepared from the fermented broth of these fungi demonstrated strong bioactivity against E. coli and S. aureus with the lowest IC50 of 18 μg/ml obtained with the extract of Trichophaea abundans inhabiting Pinus sp. In comparison, extracts from only three endophytes were significantly inhibitory to Candida albicans, an important fungal pathogen. Further, 24 endophytes inhibited three or more phytopathogens by at least 50% in co-culture, among a panel of seven test organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi
    mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information,
    [Show full text]
  • Discovery of the Teleomorph of the Hyphomycete, Sterigmatobotrys Macrocarpa, and Epitypification of the Genus to Holomorphic Status
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org StudieS in Mycology 68: 193–202. 2011. doi:10.3114/sim.2011.68.08 Discovery of the teleomorph of the hyphomycete, Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa, and epitypification of the genus to holomorphic status M. Réblová1* and K.A. Seifert2 1Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences, CZ – 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic; 2Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada *Correspondence: Martina Réblová, [email protected] Abstract: Sterigmatobotrys macrocarpa is a conspicuous, lignicolous, dematiaceous hyphomycete with macronematous, penicillate conidiophores with branches or metulae arising from the apex of the stipe, terminating with cylindrical, elongated conidiogenous cells producing conidia in a holoblastic manner. The discovery of its teleomorph is documented here based on perithecial ascomata associated with fertile conidiophores of S. macrocarpa on a specimen collected in the Czech Republic; an identical anamorph developed from ascospores isolated in axenic culture. The teleomorph is morphologically similar to species of the genera Carpoligna and Chaetosphaeria, especially in its nonstromatic perithecia, hyaline, cylindrical to fusiform ascospores, unitunicate asci with a distinct apical annulus, and tapering paraphyses. Identical perithecia were later observed on a herbarium specimen of S. macrocarpa originating in New Zealand. Sterigmatobotrys includes two species, S. macrocarpa, a taxonomic synonym of the type species, S. elata, and S. uniseptata. Because no teleomorph was described in the protologue of Sterigmatobotrys, we apply Article 59.7 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. We epitypify (teleotypify) both Sterigmatobotrys elata and S. macrocarpa to give the genus holomorphic status, and the name S.
    [Show full text]
  • Collecting and Recording Fungi
    British Mycological Society Recording Network Guidance Notes COLLECTING AND RECORDING FUNGI A revision of the Guide to Recording Fungi previously issued (1994) in the BMS Guides for the Amateur Mycologist series. Edited by Richard Iliffe June 2004 (updated August 2006) © British Mycological Society 2006 Table of contents Foreword 2 Introduction 3 Recording 4 Collecting fungi 4 Access to foray sites and the country code 5 Spore prints 6 Field books 7 Index cards 7 Computers 8 Foray Record Sheets 9 Literature for the identification of fungi 9 Help with identification 9 Drying specimens for a herbarium 10 Taxonomy and nomenclature 12 Recent changes in plant taxonomy 12 Recent changes in fungal taxonomy 13 Orders of fungi 14 Nomenclature 15 Synonymy 16 Morph 16 The spore stages of rust fungi 17 A brief history of fungus recording 19 The BMS Fungal Records Database (BMSFRD) 20 Field definitions 20 Entering records in BMSFRD format 22 Locality 22 Associated organism, substrate and ecosystem 22 Ecosystem descriptors 23 Recommended terms for the substrate field 23 Fungi on dung 24 Examples of database field entries 24 Doubtful identifications 25 MycoRec 25 Recording using other programs 25 Manuscript or typescript records 26 Sending records electronically 26 Saving and back-up 27 Viruses 28 Making data available - Intellectual property rights 28 APPENDICES 1 Other relevant publications 30 2 BMS foray record sheet 31 3 NCC ecosystem codes 32 4 Table of orders of fungi 34 5 Herbaria in UK and Europe 35 6 Help with identification 36 7 Useful contacts 39 8 List of Fungus Recording Groups 40 9 BMS Keys – list of contents 42 10 The BMS website 43 11 Copyright licence form 45 12 Guidelines for field mycologists: the practical interpretation of Section 21 of the Drugs Act 2005 46 1 Foreword In June 2000 the British Mycological Society Recording Network (BMSRN), as it is now known, held its Annual Group Leaders’ Meeting at Littledean, Gloucestershire.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species and Changes in Fungal Taxonomy and Nomenclature
    Journal of Fungi Review From the Clinical Mycology Laboratory: New Species and Changes in Fungal Taxonomy and Nomenclature Nathan P. Wiederhold * and Connie F. C. Gibas Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 October 2018; Accepted: 13 December 2018; Published: 16 December 2018 Abstract: Fungal taxonomy is the branch of mycology by which we classify and group fungi based on similarities or differences. Historically, this was done by morphologic characteristics and other phenotypic traits. However, with the advent of the molecular age in mycology, phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequences has replaced these classic means for grouping related species. This, along with the abandonment of the dual nomenclature system, has led to a marked increase in the number of new species and reclassification of known species. Although these evaluations and changes are necessary to move the field forward, there is concern among medical mycologists that the rapidity by which fungal nomenclature is changing could cause confusion in the clinical literature. Thus, there is a proposal to allow medical mycologists to adopt changes in taxonomy and nomenclature at a slower pace. In this review, changes in the taxonomy and nomenclature of medically relevant fungi will be discussed along with the impact this may have on clinicians and patient care. Specific examples of changes and current controversies will also be given. Keywords: taxonomy; fungal nomenclature; phylogenetics; species complex 1. Introduction Kingdom Fungi is a large and diverse group of organisms for which our knowledge is rapidly expanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraspecific Functional and Genetic Diversity of Petriella Setifera
    Intraspecific functional and genetic diversity of Petriella setifera Giorgia Pertile, Jacek Panek, Karolina Oszust, Anna Siczek and Magdalena Fr¡c Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Polska ABSTRACT The aim of the study was an analysis of the intraspecific genetic and functional diversity of the new isolated fungal strains of P. setifera. This is the first report concerning the genetic and metabolic diversity of Petriella setifera strains isolated from industrial compost and the first description of a protocol for AFLP fingerprinting analysis optimised for these fungal species. The results showed a significant degree of variability among the isolates, which was demonstrated by the clearly subdivision of all the isolates into two clusters with 51% and 62% similarity, respectively. For the metabolic diversity, the BIOLOG system was used and this analysis revealed clearly different patterns of carbon substrates utilization between the isolates resulting in a clear separation of the five isolates into three clusters with 0%, 42% and 54% of similarity, respectively. These results suggest that genetic diversity does not always match the level of functional diversity, which may be useful in discovering the importance of this fungus to ecosystem functioning. The results indicated that P. setifera strains were able to degrade substrates produced in the degradation of hemicellulose (D-Arabinose, L-Arabinose, D-Glucuronic Acid, Xylitol, γ-Amino-Butyric Acid, D-Mannose, D-Xylose and L-Rhamnose), cellulose (α-D-Glucose and
    [Show full text]