(PDF) Get a Preview of Your Next Unforgettable Mekong Adventure

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(PDF) Get a Preview of Your Next Unforgettable Mekong Adventure THE MAJESTIC MEKONG BY Boutique SHIP Incredible Journeys Through Southeast Asia Laos ∙ Thailand Embark OS Golden Triangle Chiang Khong Buddha Caves Tha River of Pak Ou Excursion Luang Prabang Elephant Camp Kuang Si in Pak Beng Waterfalls Chiang Rai THAIND KEY ATTRACTIONS LAOS REVEALED: FEEL THE BEAT OF ADVENTURE On this 8-day journey, you go from Thailand to Laos, exploring the hidden reaches of the Travel in style on board your → mighty Mekong River. Let our expert staff and crew show you the sights and sounds of boutique ship and in long-tail boats Southeast Asia via boutique ship. This is not just a river cruise—it’s the best time of your life. → Visit remote riverside villages and marvel at elephants working on shore DAY 1. THA Chang Rai (LD) → 7 NIGHTS on board boutique ship DAY 2. LAO Huay Xai and Pak Tha DAYS INCLUDE → Explore historic sites like Luang Prabang → breakfast, lunch (UNESCO) and the Golden Triangle DAY 3. LAO Pakbeng and dinner (BLD) unless indicated DAY 4. LAO Pak Ou otherwise → Meet local villagers and experience DAY 5. LAO Luang Prabang (BL) a traditional Laotian ceremony DAY 6. LAO On the Mekong DAY 7. LAO Kuang Si Falls CAN’T GET ENOUGH OF THE MEKONG? Enjoy Mekong delicacies on board— → DAY 8. LAO Luang Prabang (B) Join our longest cruise, the or simply pick fruits right off the tree! 11-DAY THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE Reverse journey also available from Chiang Rai to Vientiane Luang Prabang OS Vientiane THAIND KEY ATTRACTIONS IMPRESSIONS OF THE MEKONG: → Enjoy our expert staff, who help A LAOTIAN EXPEDITION make your journey unforgettable Get the best of the Mekong on this 6-day journey through Laos. Start your adventure in the → Discover the natural beauty nation’s capital city, Vientiane, and experience the essence of the Mekong on the way to of the Mekong and its people Luang Prabang. From the comfort of your boutique ship, you won’t miss a thing. → Learn the history of the Mekong from knowledgeable tour guides DAY 1. LAO Vientiane (D) → 5 NIGHTS on board boutique ship DAY 2. LAO On the Mekong → DAYS INCLUDE breakfast, lunch → Get insight into Mekong culture, DAY 3. LAO Pak Lay and dinner (BLD) unless indicated including fishing traditions DAY 4. LAO Tha Deua otherwise → Give your taste buds a treat with DAY 5. LAO Tha Deua regional specialties every day DAY 6. LAO Luang Prabang (B) Reverse journey also available 2 Pak Ou OS Luang Prabang Tha Deua HIGHLIGHTS OF NORTHERN LAOS: KEY ATTRACTIONS DISCOVER THE MEKONG → Take advantage of our expertise and The Mekong River is one of the longest rivers in the world, and its inner reaches could take focus on enjoying the Mekong’s beauty a lifetime to explore. On this 6-day, round-trip expedition cruise from Luang Prabang, you → Visit iconic sights like the Kuang Si harness the power of the Mekong to give yourself a unique look at the river’s essence—the Falls in the heart of the Mekong Heart of the Mekong. → Discover the temples, monasteries and colonial buildings of Luang Prabang DAY 1. LAO Luang Prabang (D) → 5 NIGHTS on board boutique ship DAY 2. LAO Luang Prabang → DAYS INCLUDE breakfast, lunch → Embrace the locals during visits to DAY 3. LAO On the Mekong and dinner (BLD) unless indicated remote villages and towns DAY 4. LAO Kuang Si Falls otherwise DAY 5. LAO Pak Ou → Indulge your senses with tasty local DAY 6. LAO Luang Prabang (B) drinks like Beerlao and fresh food prepared on board KEY ATTRACTIONS → Relax in ultimate comfort on our well-appointed boutique ships MAKE THE MEKONG YOURS: → See the Mekong up close and navigate CHARTER THE WHOLE SHIP waters most travelers miss With Lernidee, the Mekong experience is always an exclusive, private affair. Make it even → Encounter hidden treasures on more private by booking a whole ship for groups and incentives! jungle treks to remote locations like the Buddha caves in Pak Ou AVAILABLE ITINERARIES → Take the time to get a deep LAOS REVEALED HEART OF THE MEKONG understanding of the people an 8-day journey between Chiang Rai a 6-day round-trip journey from of the Mekong and Luang Prabang Luang Prabang → Enjoy Mekong cuisine, signature IMPRESSIONS OF THE MEKONG THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE dishes of Southeast Asia, and lao-lao, a 6-day journey between Vientiane an 11- or 12-day journey between a traditional Laotian rice whiskey and Luang Prabang Vientiane and Chiang Rai 3 BENEFITS OF TRAVELING WITH LERNIDEE For more than a decade, we have been providing travelers with unique opportunities to explore the beauty of the Mekong. But we are more than just tour guides. Our journeys are tailor-made to provide unforgettable adventures and a lifetime of memories. → CHOOSE from a wide selection → RELAX and let our experts guide of ship cabins you on the tour of a lifetime → DON’T WAIT on long lines or → CUSTOMIZE YOUR EXPERIENCE travel by bumpy buses with us and feel right at home on the adventure of your dreams! → ENJOY our detailed service, including delicious local cuisine 1 2 FIRST-CLASS SERVICE EXPERT STAFF → Well-appointed cabins, each with → Friendly and professional 8-person large windows and balcony staff for maximum 29 travelers → Laid-back atmosphere on → Experienced, multilingual board—casual clothing welcome tour director available at all times → Air-conditioned shuttle service → Local English-speaking guides between hotel and airports on first and service personnel and last days → Informative and entertaining talks on → Entrance fees, sights and excursions board about lands, culture and history according to itinerary → Polite and professional restaurant → Tours by air-conditioned vehicles and bar staff, serving your meals with according to itinerary a smile → Welcome drink and a gift for → Traditional Asian massage bookable each guest on board (Mekong Pearl) 3 4 FRESH FLAVORS EVERYTHING ELSE → Daily meals according to route → Bathrobe and slippers for each guest description, including coffee, tea, water, snacks, and fresh fruit like → Refreshing towelettes and drinks bananas, papaya, dragon fruit and after excursions mangosteen → Detailed information package about the destination → Delights of regional cuisine freshly prepared on board (vegetarian upon → Whatever it takes to make your request) Mekong adventure enjoyable and pleasant! → Bar service available on board, featuring cocktails and local drinks like Beerlao and lao-lao → Mekong barbecue with live music on a sandbank 4 MEKONG HIGHLIGHTS A HINT OF YOUR EXCURSION 1 2 3 UNIQUE EXPERT CREWS AND UNSPOILED NATURE EXPEDITION TOURS MASTER CAPTAINS AND WILDLIFE TRAVEL RELAX ENJOY along formerly inaccessible aboard your boutique ship piloted the Mekong’s natural beauty, stretches of Southeast Asia’s by our master captains on one immense biodiversity, churning most exciting river—which of the world’s most difficult rapids, stunning waterfalls, most travelers miss. rivers to navigate. and narrow inlets. CHIANG RAI This Thai city is the heart PAKBENG This small Laotian village is a PAK OU Another small village in Laos, of the infamous Golden Triangle, where perfect example of the immense natural Pak Ou is famous for its stunning Buddha guests marvel at the 40-foot golden beauty of the Mekong River. Thick jungle caves, which are filled with thousands of Buddha of Sop Ruak and visit the Hall and mountainous landscapes combine to Buddha statues of all shapes and sizes. of Opium. create a dreamlike atmosphere. HUAY XAI AND PAK THA Between LUANG PRABANG (UNESCO) In this VIENTIANE The modern-day capital of Huay Xai and Pak Tha is some of the most former royal capital of Laos, you visit Laos, Vientiane is home to the Pha That picturesque territory of the Mekong River. the Wat Xieng Thong temple, a dazzling Luang temple, a symbol of the nation; Home to the Khmu and other locals, here example of Buddhist architecture; Mount and the Patuxai, the so-called Arc de guests get insight into daily life on the Pho Si, a hill with panoramic views; and Triomphe—a monument to Laotian Mekong. the Hmong night market. independence. KUANG SI FALLS This unique multilevel THA DEUA AND PAK LAY One of the ELEPHANT CAMP In Laos, the Land waterfall near Luang Prabang is a favorite longest stretches of your Mekong River of a Million Elephants, guests can book with travelers because of the gorgeous journey is found between the towns of a visit to an elephant camp in Luang natural pools that form at its base. Put on Tha Deua and Pak Lay. Here you visit Prabang to learn about Laos’ relationship your swimsuit and get a taste of paradise! lush jungles and caves inaccessible to with these majestic animals. most travelers. River conditions are constantly changing and sometimes require small changes to the itinerary. 5 MEKONG SUN · MEKONG PEARL GET TO KNOW YOUR BOUTIQUE SHIPS The Mekong Sun and the Mekong Pearl are sister ships owned and operated by Lernidee and are the most enjoyable way to navigate the mighty Mekong. It’s old-world charm and contemporary comfort—combined! Every journey on our boutique ships is made unforgettable thanks to a laid-back atmosphere, friendly staff, and of course—dazzling views of the Mekong! THE MEKONG SUN: YOUR HOME ON AN UNFORGETTABLE JOURNEY CLASSIC CABINS → 11 Classic cabins on the main deck → Sliding windows facing water → Size: 129 ft2/12 m2 → French balcony → 2 twin beds per cabin → Private bathroom, shower and air-conditioning SUPERIOR CABINS → 3 Superior cabins, 1 on the bow of the → Small private balcony (upper deck) main deck and 2 on the upper deck → Panoramic view from bow (main deck) → Size: 194 ft2/18 m2 (upper deck) 172 ft2/16 m2 (main deck) → Private bathroom, shower and air-conditioning → 2 twin beds per cabin Upper deck Galley 1 Captain Sun deck Covered sun deck Restaurant 2 Main deck 5 719 1 Crew 15 3 Crew 46 810112 4 Classic twin cabins (4 –15) Superior cabins (1 and 2: Twin cabins with balcony, 3: Double cabin with panoramic view) 6 MEKONG SUN · MEKONG PEARL THE BEST WAY TO EXPERIENCE THE MEKONG 1 2 3 WELL-APPOINTED WORLD-CLASS DELICACIES CABINS SERVICE OF THE MEKONG CHOOSE ENJOY TASTE between Classic, Superior and best-in-class service from a new world of flavor with Deluxe cabins, all of which friendly and knowledgeable delicious food and drink served provide spectacular staff, always ready to take in the restaurant and bar views.
Recommended publications
  • Testimony Before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
    “China’s Global Quest for Resources and Implications for the United States” January 26, 2012 Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission Elizabeth Economy C.V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director, Asia Studies Council on Foreign Relations Introduction China’s quest for resources to fuel its continued rapid economic growth has brought thousands of Chinese enterprises and millions of Chinese workers to every corner of the world. Already China accounts for approximately one-fourth of world demand for zinc, iron and steel, lead, copper, and aluminum. It is also the world’s second largest importer of oil after the United States. And as hundreds of millions of Chinese continue to move from rural to urban areas, the need for energy and other commodities will only continue to increase. No resource, however, is more essential to continued Chinese economic growth than water. It is critical for meeting basic human needs, as well as demands for food and energy. As China’s leaders survey their water landscape, the view is not reassuring. More than 40 mid to large sized cities in northern China, such as Beijing and Tianjin, boast crisis- level water shortages.1 As a result, northern and western cities have been drawing down their groundwater reserves and causing subsidence, which now affects a 60 thousand kilometer area of the North China Plain. 2 According to the director of the Water Research Centre at Peking University Zheng Chunmiao, the water table under the North China Plain is falling at a rate of about a meter per year.3
    [Show full text]
  • National Geographic Traveler
    an APPETITE for LAOS The complexity, grace, and taste of Luang Prabang unfurl one delicious bite at a time The Nam Ou river was once a major transport route, bringing people and produce from northern Laos to Luang Prabang. By Andrew Nelson Photographs by Ewen Bell 54 NATGEOTRAVEL.COM SOMETIMES Raise a spoonful of tom kha kai, a traditional Laotian coconut chicken A PORTAL soup, to your lips, and a tantalizing perfume of lemongrass, lime, and galangal wafts upward. Its scent is ISN’T A DOOR. sublime and earthy, hot and sour. The fragrant plume comes with a peppery kick. The sensation is vivid, somehow poignant, and utterly transporting. IT’S A BOWL The memory brings a smile as I stand in a line of passengers at Luang Prabang airport, in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. I’ve traveled OF SOUP. 9,000 miles to Southeast Asia inspired by Van Nolintha, a charismatic 32-year- old Laotian-American restaurateur in Raleigh, North Carolina, whose inventive renditions of his child- hood dishes from his native land have earned the acclaim of diners and food critics alike. Now I’ve come for a taste of the real thing. Upon leaving the airport, my first views of Laos are the Phou Thao and Phou Nang mountain ranges, which surround the ancient royal city of Luang Prabang like an embrace. The slopes are lush with trees that comb and catch the low-lying clouds. As I enter the city, a cluster of motorbikes overtakes my taxi, trailing fumes and impatience. A teenage girl, sitting sidesaddle in a Laotian silk tube skirt called a sinh, flashes past.
    [Show full text]
  • View Full Activity Guide
    Activities Guide Experiences are personal journeys. Our goal at Amantaka is to introduce you to Luang Prabang’s deeply-rooted cultural heritage, natural wonders and contemporary attractions, and help you establish a personal connection with its warm and friendly people. As part of UNESCO, Luang Prabang has 32 temples and 111 historic Lao-French buildings throughout the town, citing Luang Prabang as the best-preserved traditional town in Southeast Asia. New construction is limited, and development must be in keeping with the spirit of the town. Luang Prabang is small in scale and easily explored either on foot or by bicycle, ideal for discovering notable architectural landmarks and other distinctive attractions in town. At Amantaka, tailor-made itineraries can be made to embrace passions and interests. From a traditional Lao cooking class on our organic farm to a sunset cruise on the majestic Mekong, or from a tour of the most sacred temples to a walk-through surrounding villages, our team at Amantaka are here to help you create your own journey into the heart of this fascinating town. Luang Prabang – a UNESCO town Luang Prabang city tour Temple and village walk Half-day excursion Half-day excursion Begin the tour at Amantaka, with the first stop at Wat This adventure begins with a short river-crossing from the Visoun and Wat Aham. Within their precincts stands the boat jetty behind the Palace Museum. After disembarking gigantic That Makmo (Watermelon), originally known as at Xieng Mene’s makeshift boat landing, walk through an That Patum or Lotus Stupa, built in 1503 A.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT LU, CHI. Natural and Human Impacts on Recent
    ABSTRACT LU, CHI. Natural and Human Impacts on Recent Development of Yangtze River and Mekong River Deltas. (Under the direction of Dr. Paul Liu). The Yangtze River Delta is the largest delta in China and is also a highly populated delta where metropolitan cities such as Shanghai are located. The evolution of Yangtze River Delta will directly influence the economics and environment in this area. The sediment flux from Yangtze into the delta decreased during the past three decades and the operation of world’s largest hydropower project, Three Gorges Dam, made this situation much more severe. In the delta area, another large project called Deep Water Navigation Channel was also completed in recent years. Mekong River Delta is another major delta in Asia and also has a lot of dams in the river basin. To document the relationship between human impacts on the large river basin and coastal evolution, in this study, we used Jiuduan Island of Yangtze River Delta and two islands of Mekong River Delta as examples and utilized Landsat data to show how these island’s shoreline changed with the trend of decreased sediment discharge. In Mekong River Delta, the shoreline change agreed well with the sediment flux, eroding from 1989 to 1996 and prograding from 1996 to 2002. In Yangtze River Delta, shoreline kept growing before Three Gorges Dams was operating, eroded from 2003 to 2009 and then prograded again from 2011 to 2013. The main reason for the shoreline progradation from 2011 to 2013 was the impact of the Deep Water Navigation Channel project which totally changed the sediment transport process around Jiuduan Island.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution of Nematode Communities Along the Salinity Gradient in the Two Estuaries of the Sea of Japan
    Russian Journal of Nematology, 2019, 27 (1), 1 – 12 Spatial distribution of nematode communities along the salinity gradient in the two estuaries of the Sea of Japan Alexandra A. Milovankina and Natalia P. Fadeeva Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanov Street 8, 690950, Vladivostok, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Accepted for publication 15 May 2019 Summary. Spatial distribution and structure of nematode assemblages in two estuaries (long lowland Razdolnaya and mountain Sukhodol rivers, the Sea of Japan) were investigated. Sampling was conducted from freshwater to marine benthic habitats. The meiobenthic community was strongly dominated by nematodes. In both estuaries, the spatial distribution of nematode density, composition and feeding types related to the salinity gradient. From a total of 57 nematode species, 42 and 40 nematode species were identified in each estuary, respectively. The changes in the taxonomic structure of nematode fauna were found along the salinity gradient. Differences in nematodes community observed along each estuarine gradient were much lower than between the two estuaries. Only four species Anoplostoma cuticularia, Axonolaimus seticaudatus, Cyatholaimus sp. and Parodontophora timmica, were present in all sampling zones of both estuaries. Most of the recorded species were euryhaline, described previously in shallow coastal bays; only five freshwater species have been described previously from the freshwater habitat of Primorsky Krai. Key words: community structure, euryhaline nematodes, free-living nematodes, Razdolnaya River estuary, Sukhodol River estuary. Free-living nematodes are an important are available from several estuaries (Fadeeva, 2005; component of both marine and estuarine ecosystems Shornikov & Zenina, 2014; Milovankina et al., (Giere, 2009; Mokievsky, 2009). It has been shown 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Transboundary River Basin Overview – Salween
    0 [Type here] Irrigation in Africa in figures - AQUASTAT Survey - 2016 Transboundary River Basin Overview – Salween Version 2011 Recommended citation: FAO. 2011. AQUASTAT Transboundary River Basins – Salween River Basin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Rome, Italy The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licencerequest or addressed to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Amur Leopard Fact File
    AMUR LEOPARD FACTFILE NAME Amur Leopard SCIENTIFIC NAME Panthera pardus orientalis GEOGRAPHIC RANGE Southwest Primorye in the Russian Far East HABITAT Temperate forests. LIFESPAN 10-15 years in the wild. Up to 20 years in captivity. WEIGHT 25– 75kg DIET Roe deer, sika deer, badgers and hares. WILD POPULATION Approx. 100 individuals IUCN RED LIST STATUS An extremely high risk of becoming extinct in the wild. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Amur leopards are one of nine sub-species of leopard. They are the most critically endangered big cat in the world. Found in the Russian far-east, Amur leopards are well adapted to a cold climate with thick fur that can reach up to 7.5cm long in winter months. Amur leopards are much paler than other leopards, with bigger and more spaced out rosettes. This is to allow them to camouflage in the snow. In the 20th century the Amur leopard population dramatically decreased due to habitat loss and hunting. Prior to this their range extended throughout northeast China, the Korean peninsula and the Primorsky Krai region of Russia. Now the Amur leopard range is predominantly in the south of the Primorsky Krai region in Russia, however, individuals have been reported over the border into northeast China. In 2011 Amur leopard population estimates were extremely low with approximately 35 individuals remaining. Intensified protection of this species has lead to a population increase, with approximately 100 now remaining in the wild. AMUR LEOPARD RANGE THREATS • Illegal wildlife trade– poaching for furs, teeth and bones is a huge threat to Amur leopards. A hunting culture, for both sport and food across Russia, also targets the leopards and their prey species.
    [Show full text]
  • Amur Oblast TYNDINSKY 361,900 Sq
    AMUR 196 Ⅲ THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST SAKHA Map 5.1 Ust-Nyukzha Amur Oblast TY NDINS KY 361,900 sq. km Lopcha Lapri Ust-Urkima Baikal-Amur Mainline Tynda CHITA !. ZEISKY Kirovsky Kirovsky Zeiskoe Zolotaya Gora Reservoir Takhtamygda Solovyovsk Urkan Urusha !Skovorodino KHABAROVSK Erofei Pavlovich Never SKOVO MAGDAGACHINSKY Tra ns-Siberian Railroad DIRO Taldan Mokhe NSKY Zeya .! Ignashino Ivanovka Dzhalinda Ovsyanka ! Pioner Magdagachi Beketovo Yasny Tolbuzino Yubileiny Tokur Ekimchan Tygda Inzhan Oktyabrskiy Lukachek Zlatoustovsk Koboldo Ushumun Stoiba Ivanovskoe Chernyaevo Sivaki Ogodzha Ust-Tygda Selemdzhinsk Kuznetsovo Byssa Fevralsk KY Kukhterin-Lug NS Mukhino Tu Novorossiika Norsk M DHI Chagoyan Maisky SELE Novovoskresenovka SKY N OV ! Shimanovsk Uglovoe MAZ SHIMA ANOV Novogeorgievka Y Novokievsky Uval SK EN SK Mazanovo Y SVOBODN Chernigovka !. Svobodny Margaritovka e CHINA Kostyukovka inlin SERYSHEVSKY ! Seryshevo Belogorsk ROMNENSKY rMa Bolshaya Sazanka !. Shiroky Log - Amu BELOGORSKY Pridorozhnoe BLAGOVESHCHENSKY Romny Baikal Pozdeevka Berezovka Novotroitskoe IVANOVSKY Ekaterinoslavka Y Cheugda Ivanovka Talakan BRSKY SKY P! O KTYA INSK EI BLAGOVESHCHENSK Tambovka ZavitinskIT BUR ! Bakhirevo ZAV T A M B OVSKY Muravyovka Raichikhinsk ! ! VKONSTANTINO SKY Poyarkovo Progress ARKHARINSKY Konstantinovka Arkhara ! Gribovka M LIKHAI O VSKY ¯ Kundur Innokentevka Leninskoe km A m Trans -Siberianad Railro u 100 r R i v JAO Russian Far East e r By Newell and Zhou / Sources: Ministry of Natural Resources, 2002; ESRI, 2002. Newell, J. 2004. The Russian Far East: A Reference Guide for Conservation and Development. McKinleyville, CA: Daniel & Daniel. 466 pages CHAPTER 5 Amur Oblast Location Amur Oblast, in the upper and middle Amur River basin, is 8,000 km east of Moscow by rail (or 6,500 km by air).
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Flood on DOM and Total Dissolved Iron Concentration in Amur River
    Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-11918, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Effects of Flood on DOM and Total Dissolved Iron Concentration in Amur River Baixing Yan and Jiunian Guan Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, China ([email protected]) DOM is an important indicator for freshwater quality and may complex with metals. It is already found that the water quality was abnormal during or after the flood events in various areas, which may be due to the release and resuspending of sediment in the river and leaching of the soil in the river basin area. And flood are also a major pathway for different dissolved matter, such as DOM, transport into the river system from the flood bed, wetlands, etc., when the flood was subsided. River flood has visibly impact on DOM component and concentration. The concentration and species of DOM and dissolved iron during different floods, including watershed extreme flood event, typhoon-induced flood event, snow-thawed flood event were monitored in Amur River and its biggest trib- utary Songhua River. Also, some simulation experiments in lab were implemented. The samples were filtered by 0.45µm filter membrane in situ, then analyze the ionic iron (ferrous ion, Ferric ion) by ET7406 Iron Concentration Tester(Lovibond, Germany with Phenanthroline colorimetric method). The total dissolved iron was determined by GBC 906 AAS(Australia) in lab. DOC was analyzed by TOC VCPH, SHIMADZU(Japan). The results showed that DOC ranged 6.63-9.19 mg/L (averaged at 7.68 mg/L) during extreme Songhua-Amur flood event in 2013.The lower molecular weight of organic matter[U+FF08]<10kDa[U+FF09]was the dominant form of DOM, and the lower molecular weight of complex iron was the dominant form of total dissolved iron.
    [Show full text]
  • Geography – Russia
    Year Six RUSSIA Key Facts • Russia (o cial name: Russian Federation) is the world’s largest • Given its size, the climate in Russia varies. The mildest areas country (with an area of 17,075, 200 square kilometres) and are along the Baltic Coast. Winter in Russia is very cold, with has a population of 144, 125, 000. The currency of Russia is the temperatures in the northern regions of Siberia reaching -50 Ruble. degrees Celsius in winter. • The capital city of Russia is Moscow. It has a population 13.2 million people within the city limits and 17 million within the Food and Trade urban areas. It is situated on the Moskva River in western Russia. • Borscht is a famous Russian soup made with beetroot and sour cream. It can be enjoyed hot or cold. Physical and Human Geographical features • St Petersburg is a major trade gateway in Russia, specialising in • Major mountain ranges: Ural, Altai. oil and gas trade, shipbuilding yards and the aerospace industry. • Major rivers: Amur, Irtysh, Lena, Ob, Volga and Yenisey. Russia The fl ag of Russian Federation (Russian: Флаг России) Geographical Skills Key Vocabulary • Children locate the world’s countries on a map, focusing on the • Map: a diagrammatic representation of an area of land showing environmental regions, key physical and human characteristics physical features, cities, roads etc. and major cities of Russia. • Symbol: something that represents or stands for something • Children further their locational knowledge through the else. accurate use of maps, atlases, globes and digital/computer • Key: information needed for a map to make sense.
    [Show full text]
  • 14 Architecture
    14 Architecture Wat Xieng Thong roof edge showing the cho faa now painted in turquoise A view of Wat Xieng Thong taken from within the compound Many of the stencils are repaired by monks. © All photos by Denise Heywood By DENISE HEYWOOD THE 35 BUDDHIST temples of Luang Prabang are delicate structures in need of frequent renovation. Damage caused by neglect, tropical Luang Prabang rain, humidity and heat, together with the impact of increasing numbers of tourists, all erode the buildings. This year Wat Xieng Thong, the most important and magnificent wat in Luang Prabang, and Wat Pak Khan, one of the smallest but oldest in the city, have both undergone restoration Temple Renovation and further enhance the cultural and aesthetic value of the former royal created it in memory of the legendary capital of Laos. present, this denotes a temple built by King Chanthaphanith, whose stories Luang Prabang became a a king. The dok so faa symbolises are depicted in golden stencilled UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mount Meru, abode of the gods, the imagery inside the main sim. 1993. Maintaining and conserving axis mundi, centre of the world, Traditionally wats were grouped sacred monuments is the highest surrounded by the seven mythical around royal residences, built with priority, along with preserving the chain of mountains of Hindu royal patronage or by affluent secular buildings as well, but funding mythology. In Laos, religion is individuals, as funding the building of is always needed. For Wat Xieng syncretic, incorporating Hindu, a wat gains merit in Buddhism. The Thong, a contribution of some Buddhist and animistic references.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Iii a Comparison on Lan Xang and Early
    CHAPTER III A COMPARISON ON LAN XANG AND EARLY RATTANAKOSIN BUDDHIST ART AND ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNS As a Buddhist kingdom, both Lan Xang and Rattanakosin cherished their temples by put every effort to build one and decorate it with the most beautiful artwork they could create at that moment. Those architectures and artworks not just express how luxury each kingdom was, but also represent the thought and circumstance in the meantime. Even though Lan Xang and Rattanakosin had a same religion and were neighbor, their arts and architectural designs are different as follow: 3.1 Lan Xang Buddhist Art and Architectural Design Lan Xang was a kingdom with diversity; even in the Lao race itself. Since the end of the reign of King Suryawongsa Thammikkarat, Lan Xang was divided into three separated kingdom; Luang Prabang, Vientiane and Champasak. Even though they were split up, they still shared their art and architectural designs. Each kingdom had been influenced by the neighbor surround and outsider as described below: 3.1.1 Lan Xang Architecture Developed through centuries, Lan Xang architectures may contain a lot of outsider influence, but at some point, they have their own unique style of architecture. Lan Xang temples can be divided into two part; Buddhawat and Sangkhawat. This chapter will discusses only on the Buddhawat area which cantains of That (ธาตุ), sim (สิม), Ho Wai (หอไหว), Oob Mung (อูบมุง), Hotrai or a library (หอไตร) and Ho Klong or a drum tower (หอกลอง), 3.1.1.1 That (Pagoda or Stupa) That (ธาตุ) in Lan Xang architecture is a Buddhist monument which can refer as a Chedi or pagoda (in Thai Architecture).
    [Show full text]