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Research and Development of Sat-Comm Systems in Asia International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol -1, Issue -10 November 2014 ISSN 2348 -6848 Research and Development of Sat-Comm Systems in Asia Ankit Kumar & Lakshay Sethi Dronacharya College of Engineering, Gurgaon, India Email: [email protected] 1. Introduction Engineering check Satellite VIII (ETS- VIII), the broadband Inter-Networking Satellite communication is employed in an Engineering check & Demonstration exceedingly range of fields, e.g. to supply Satellite (WINDS), and therefore the Quasi- trunk links for communication suppliers, non- Zenith Satellite Communication System public networks for firms, and temporary (QZS). communication systems in disasters. In these things their benefits embrace wide coverage, 2. Historical overview versatile network configuration, and anti- disaster capability. Additionally, satellite In Japan, R & D satellites have been communication victimisation hand-held mobile developed mainly by government phones has recently become offered. to supply organizations, these services, the governments of many nations, as well as the us, European nations, including the Ministry of Public and Japan have endowed resources in risky Management, Home Affairs Posts and analysis and development of satellite Telecommunications (MPHPT, formerly the communication technologies for quite thirty Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications), years. However, the event stage of the the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, technology continues to be removed from the Science and Technology (MEXT, formerly goal of achieving final satellite communication the Science and Technology Agency), the services like broadband and present services Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency adequate terrestrial communication network (JAXA, formerly the National Space systems. Therefore, new analysis and Development Agency of Japan), and the development of satellite communication National Institute of Information and technologies continues to be being conducted Communications Technology (NICT, in several countries to supply a lot of subtle and formerly the Communications Research convenient satellite communication. Laboratory). The Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (NTT) also This paper offers an outline of the history of participated in these national projects since Japan’s analysis and development of it was a public corporation prior to 1985. satellite communication technologies and Table 1 summarizes the history of the use of concisely describes current analysis and R & D satellites in the development of development (R & D) comes for communication technology in Japan. successive generation of satellite communication systems like the P a g e | 1266 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol -1, Issue -10 November 2014 ISSN 2348 -6848 Table 1 Research and development communication satellites in Japan Satellite Period Main mission Main technology target CS 1977-85 • Ka-band fixed satcom • Ka-band transponder • Ka-band Shaped beam antenna • Ka-band earth stations ETS-V 1987-97 • L-band mobile satcom • L-band SSPA • Maritime, aeronautical, and land mobile earth stations ETS-VI 1994-96 • Ka-band fixed satcom • S-band - millimeter wave • S-band mobile satcom transponders • S-band Inter-satcom • Laser communication equipment • millimeter personal • S-band phased array antenna satcom • optical inter-satcom COMETS 1998-99 • Ka-band mobile satcom • Ka-band SSPA device • Millimeter wave satcom • Onboard signal processing • Ka-band inter-satcom equipment • Ka-band mobile earth stations • Millimeter-wave earth stations ETS-VIII 2004- • S-band mobile satcom • Large deployable reflector • Active phase array feed system • Onboard signal processing WINDS 2005- • Ka-band broadband • Ka-band multi-beam antenna fixed satcom • Ka-band multi-port amp. • Ka-band active phased array antenna • Onboard ATM switching equipment QZS 2008 ~ • High elevation mobile • Communication system in new satcom orbit • High accuracy • H2 maser Atomic clock positioning service The actual development of satellite purposes (CS)[1]. This satellite was communications technology in Japan launched in 1977 using the US’s Delta started from a medium-capacity rocket. The purpose of the satellite was to communications satellite for experimental establish fixed satellite communication P a g e | 1267 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol -1, Issue -10 November 2014 ISSN 2348 -6848 technology using Ka-band frequencies. technologies were developed for fixed This was the first trial of the use of the Ka- satellite, mobile satellite, inter-satellite, band for satellite communication in the millimeter wave, and space optical world and the technology has since been communications. In the COMETS, mobile transferred to successive practical fixed satellite communication equipment for the satellites in Japan, such as the CS-2 (1983), Ka and millimeter-wave bands was CS-3 (1988), N-Star satellites (1995, 1996), developed for future mobile systems using and so on. high frequency bands. For both satellites, in- orbit communication experiments were In the field of mobile satellite conducted to evaluate the performance of communication, the Engineering Test the onboard equipment. Some of the results Satellite V (ETS-V)[2] was developed and made a useful contribution to the R & D launched by Japan’s H-I rocket in 1987 to satellites described in the next section. establish an advanced mobile satellite communication system integrating maritime, aeronautical and land mobile The ETS-VIII is an R & D satellite for the communications. A relatively high-gain L- next generation of mobile satellite band antenna onboard the satellite played a communications[5]. Figures 1 and 2 show key role in providing convenient mobile an overview of the ETS-VIII satellite and its satellite communication with small earth service image, respectively. The main stations. The life of the satellite was 10 purpose of the development of the ETS-VIII years, and various mobile service is to establish a technology for handheld applications were developed during that satellite phone systems using a geo- period. In addition, international stationary satellite.. collaborative projects were conducted with Asian nations and the Pacific regions to MPT began the conceptual study 10 years spread mobile satellite communication ago when there were no actual handheld technologies to those countries. The results satellite phone systems in the world. of the mobile satellite communication However, actual systems became available experiments carried out using the ETS-V several years later using US satellite were transferred to practical services technology such as Iridium, Globalstar, provided by Japan’s N-Star satellite. Garuda, and Thuraya. Meanwhile, due to the failure of the H-II rockets the launch of After the CS and ETS-V satellite Japan’s ETS-VIII has been delayed from the projects, two R & D satellites, ETS-VI[3] original launch date of 2000 to autumn and the Communications and Broadcasting 2004, when it is planned to launch the Engineering Test satellite (COMETS)[4], satellite using a H-IIA rocket augmented by were launched using H-II rockets in 1994 large solid boosters. and 1998, respectively. Unfortunately, they could not be placed in a geo-stationary orbit and both became elliptical orbiting systems due to the failure of the ETS-VI’s apogee- engine and a problem with the second-stage rocket engine in the COMETS. In the ETS- VI, various kinds of communication P a g e | 1268 International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol -1, Issue -10 November 2014 ISSN 2348 -6848 The key technologies to be developed for the ETS-VIII satellite are: - A large-scale deployable reflector in the S-band to enable earth stations to be miniaturized, - A phased-array feed system to provide electronically steerable multi-beams, - Onboard signal-processing technology for voice and data communications to provide flexible connections between multi-beams, - A reliable 3-ton class satellite bus. The deployable reflector is 19m x 17m in problem of the digital divide in developing orbit, which is almost the same size as a countries. This research activity and a new tennis court. In addition to the mission of satellite development plan at JAXA developing mobile satellite communications, supported by the e-Japan Priority Policy the ETS-VIII has a US-made atomic clock Program of the Japanese government, were onboard to establish high-accuracy ranging combined to become a new project, and positioning technology using geo- WINDS. The WINDS is scheduled for stationary satellites. launch in 2006 using a H-IIA rocket. The WINDS is an R & D satellite for Gbps-class broadband satellite To provide broadband satellite communications [6]. Figures 3 and 4 show communications over a wide service area an overview of the WINDS and its service including the domestic area of Japan, large image, respectively. The main purpose of Asian cities, and the Pacific region, developing the WINDS is to establish sophisticated Ka-band multi-beam antenna technology for broadband satellite systems and high-speed signal switching communications in Japan, Asia and the equipment have been installed in the Pacific Islands. WINDS. One of the antennas onboard the satellite is a fixed multi-beam antenna which The conceptual design and development covers the area of Japan and large Asian of the test equipment were carried out at cities such as Seoul, Beijing, Shanghai, NICT more than five years ago to study the Bangkok, etc. In those areas, data feasibility of high-speed satellite communications
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