DOCSLIB.ORG

Questions & Answers for the New Chemicals Program

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Questions & Answers for the New Chemicals Program Note: Effective January 19, 2016, PMNs must be submitted electronically. Learn more about the new e-PMN requirements. Questions & Answers for the New Chemicals Program (Q&A) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics Washington, DC 20460 2004 -1- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. GENERAL PROGRAM INFORMATION 100. General ............................................................................................................ 1-1 101. Guidance for Completion of §5 Submission Form ......................................... 1-6 102. Inventory Searches/Bona Fides ....................................................................... 1-17 103. Chemical Identification ................................................................................... 1-22 104. Nomenclature .................................................................................................. 1-26 105. Inventory Issues ................................................................................................ 1-31 106. Review Process ............................................................................................... 1-31 107. Notice of Commencement .............................................................................. 1-33 108. User Fee .......................................................................................................... 1-35 109. Consolidated Notices ...................................................................................... 1-39 110. Joint Submissions ........................................................................................... 1-41 111. Toll Manufacturer ........................................................................................... 1-42 112. Foreign Supplier .............................................................................................. 1-43 113. Trade Mark Reactant (TMR) Supplier ............................................................ 1-43 114. Analytical Method Recommendations ............................................................ 1-44 115. Test Data Requirements .................................................................................. 1-45 116. Environmental Fate Data ................................................................................ 1-50 117. Health and Safety Data ..................................................................................... 1-50 118. Ecotoxicity Data ...............................................................................................1-53 119. Polymer Issues (not concerning exemptions) ................................................... 1-55 120. Principal Importer ........................................................................................... 1-59 121. Import Issues ................................................................................................... 1-59 122. Biotechnology ................................................................................................. 1-60 123. Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) ................................................................ 1-61 124. Pollution Prevention ....................................................................................... 1-64 125. Recycling ....................................................................................................... 1-64 126. New Chemical Exposure Limits (NCELs) ..................................................... 1-65 2. EXCLUSIONS 201. Impurities ........................................................................................................ 2-1 202. Mixtures .......................................................................................................... 2-2 203. Non-isolated Intermediates ............................................................................. 2-3 204. Byproducts ...................................................................................................... 2-5 205. End Use Reactions .......................................................................................... 2-7 206. Modifier of Physicochemical Characteristics ................................................. 2-7 207. Articles ............................................................................................................ 2-7 208. The Two Percent Rule for Polymers ............................................................... 2-11 ii 209. Chemicals Manufactured Solely for Export .................................................... 2-14 210. Uses Covered by FIFRA ................................................................................ 2-17 211. Pesticide Inerts ................................................................................................ 2-18 212. Pesticide Ingredients ....................................................................................... 2-19 213. Pesticide Intermediates ..................................................................................... 2-19 214. Uses Covered by FDA .................................................................................... 2-20 215. Naturally Occurring Substances ...................................................................... 2-22 216. Precipitation Inhibitors .................................................................................... 2-22 217. pH Adjustment ................................................................................................ 2-22 218. 40 CFR §720.30(h)(7) ...................................................................................... 2-23 219. New Chemical Formed Incidental to Storage .................................................. 2-24 3. EXEMPTIONS 301. Research and Development ............................................................................. 3-1 302. Test Marketing Exemption ............................................................................. 3-5 303. Low Volume Exemption ................................................................................. 3-7 304. Polymer Exemption ........................................................................................ 3-12 305. LoREX Exemption ......................................................................................... 3-13 4. COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT 401. Compliance Issues ........................................................................................... 4-1 402. Enforcement Issues ......................................................................................... 4-1 403. European Community ..................................................................................... 4-2 404. Canada ............................................................................................................. 4-4 iii HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NEW CHEMICALS PROGRAM Q&A Interested parties have asked many questions of the New Chemicals Program over the years. While responsive to the specific individuals asking the questions, EPA recognizes that it would be useful to a broader array of stakeholders to provide one, easily referenced document which compiles this guidance information. This Questions and Answers document (the Q&A) is derived from these compiled questions, rather than having been designed as an overall explanation of the program. • A general program description is provided at the New Chemicals Website, at www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems/, and in the New Chemicals Brochure, available from the TSCA Hotline at (202) 554-1404, or e-mail at [email protected]. • In addition, the Instruction Manual for submission of §5 notices (also available at the New Chemicals Website) discusses program policy and intent in the context of the PMN form. This Q&A document is available both in hard copy and electronically. Although the content is the same, we believe the electronic version will be easier to use, utilizing a search function, if a computer is available to you. The electronic version can be downloaded from the New Chemicals Website. The paper version is also available from the TSCA Hotline by mail. This Q&A document is intended only to explain the requirements of TSCA §5 and selected EPA regulations implementing §5, and to provide useful information to persons subject to these requirements. It is not a substitute for applicable legal requirements, nor is it a regulation itself. Thus, it does not impose legally-binding requirements on any party, including EPA or the regulated community. iv Section 1: General Program Information 1. GENERAL PROGRAM INFORMATION 100. General 100-1. Q. How can I obtain a copy of the printed §5 Pre-Manufacture Notice (PMN) form? A. The §5 PMN form (EPA Form 7710-25) is available from the TSCA Hotline upon request by voice (202-554-1404), facsimile (202-554-5603) or by e-mail ([email protected]). An instruction manual is also available from the Hotline to assist you in filling out the §5 submission form. There is a printable copy (.pdf) of the form at the New Chemicals Website (www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems/). The TSCA Hotline is a source of general program information. 100-2. Q. When does EPA expect to publish a format for electronic submissions so that I can submit my PMNs electronically? A. As of this writing, EPA has developed an early version of an electronic form. This current version and further instruction are available at the New Chemicals website (www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems). Submitters are invited to download this form and fill it out on their computers. At this time, we are only accepting paper copies made using this form. In the near future,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction to Aromaticity
    Introduction to Aromaticity Historical Timeline:1 Spotlight on Benzene:2 th • Early 19 century chemists derive benzene formula (C6H6) and molecular mass (78). • Carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:1 suggests high reactivity and instability. • However, benzene is fairly inert and fails to undergo reactions that characterize normal alkenes. - Benzene remains inert at room temperature. - Benzene is more resistant to catalytic hydrogenation than other alkenes. Possible (but wrong) benzene structures:3 Dewar benzene Prismane Fulvene 2,4- Hexadiyne - Rearranges to benzene at - Rearranges to - Undergoes catalytic - Undergoes catalytic room temperature. Faraday’s benzene. hydrogenation easily. hydrogenation easily - Lots of ring strain. - Lots of ring strain. - Lots of ring strain. 1 Timeline is computer-generated, compiled with information from pg. 594 of Bruice, Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, Ch. 15.2, and from Chemistry 14C Thinkbook by Dr. Steven Hardinger, Version 4, p. 26 2 Chemistry 14C Thinkbook, p. 26 3 Images of Dewar benzene, prismane, fulvene, and 2,4-Hexadiyne taken from Chemistry 14C Thinkbook, p. 26. Kekulé’s solution: - “snake bites its own tail” (4) Problems with Kekulé’s solution: • If Kekulé’s structure were to have two chloride substituents replacing two hydrogen atoms, there should be a pair of 1,2-dichlorobenzene isomers: one isomer with single bonds separating the Cl atoms, and another with double bonds separating the Cl atoms. • These isomers were never isolated or detected. • Rapid equilibrium proposed, where isomers interconvert so quickly that they cannot be isolated or detected. • Regardless, Kekulé’s structure has C=C’s and normal alkene reactions are still expected. - But the unusual stability of benzene still unexplained.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spontaneous Generation Controversy (340 BCE–1870 CE)
    270 4. Abstraction and Unification ∗ ∗ ∗ “O`uen ˆetes-vous? Que faites-vous? Il faut travailler” (on his death-bed, to his devoted pupils, watching over him). The Spontaneous Generation Controversy (340 BCE–1870 CE) “Omne vivium ex Vivo.” (Latin proverb) Although the theory of spontaneous generation (abiogenesis) can be traced back at least to the Ionian school (600 B.C.), it was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) who presented the most complete arguments for and the clearest statement of this theory. In his “On the Origin of Animals”, Aristotle states not only that animals originate from other similar animals, but also that living things do arise and always have arisen from lifeless matter. Aristotle’s theory of sponta- neous generation was adopted by the Romans and Neo-Platonic philosophers and, through them, by the early fathers of the Christian Church. With only minor modifications, these philosophers’ ideas on the origin of life, supported by the full force of Christian dogma, dominated the mind of mankind for more that 2000 years. According to this theory, a great variety of organisms could arise from lifeless matter. For example, worms, fireflies, and other insects arose from morning dew or from decaying slime and manure, and earthworms originated from soil, rainwater, and humus. Even higher forms of life could originate spontaneously according to Aristotle. Eels and other kinds of fish came from the wet ooze, sand, slime, and rotting seaweed; frogs and salamanders came from slime. 1846 CE 271 Rather than examining the claims of spontaneous generation more closely, Aristotle’s followers concerned themselves with the production of even more remarkable recipes.
    [Show full text]
  • Isomer Distributions of Molecular Weight 247 and 273 Nitro-Pahs in Ambient Samples, NIST Diesel SRM, and from Radical-Initiated Chamber Reactions
    Atmospheric Environment 55 (2012) 431e439 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv Isomer distributions of molecular weight 247 and 273 nitro-PAHs in ambient samples, NIST diesel SRM, and from radical-initiated chamber reactions Kathryn Zimmermann a,1, Roger Atkinson a,1,2,3, Janet Arey a,1,2,*, Yuki Kojima b,4, Koji Inazu b,5 a Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA b Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan article info abstract Article history: Molecular weight (mw) 247 nitrofluoranthenes and nitropyrenes and mw 273 nitrotriphenylenes (NTPs), Received 27 December 2011 nitrobenz[a]anthracenes, and nitrochrysenes were quantified in ambient particles collected in Riverside, Received in revised form CA, Tokyo, Japan, and Mexico City, Mexico. 2-Nitrofluoranthene (2-NFL) was the most abundant nitro- 28 February 2012 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (nitro-PAH) in Riverside and Mexico City, and the mw 273 nitro-PAHs Accepted 5 March 2012 were observed in lower concentrations. However, in Tokyo concentrations of 1- þ 2-NTP were more similar to that of 2-NFL. NIST SRM 1975 diesel extract standard reference material was also analyzed to Keywords: examine nitro-PAH isomer distributions, and 12-nitrobenz[a]anthracene was identified for the first time. Nitro-PAH fl Atmospheric reactions The atmospheric formation pathways of nitro-PAHs were studied from chamber reactions of uo- Ambient particles ranthene, pyrene, triphenylene, benz[a]anthracene, and chrysene with OH and NO3 radicals at room Nitrotriphenylenes temperature and atmospheric pressure, with the PAH concentrations being controlled by their vapor pressures.
    [Show full text]
  • TSCA Inventory Representation for Products Containing Two Or More
    mixtures.txt TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT INVENTORY REPRESENTATION FOR PRODUCTS CONTAINING TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES: FORMULATED AND STATUTORY MIXTURES I. Introduction This paper explains the conventions that are applied to listings of certain mixtures for the Chemical Substance Inventory that is maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). This paper discusses the Inventory representation of mixtures of substances that do not react together (i.e., formulated mixtures) as well as those combinations that are formed during certain manufacturing activities and are designated as mixtures by the Agency (i.e., statutory mixtures). Complex reaction products are covered in a separate paper. The Agency's goal in developing this paper is to make it easier for the users of the Inventory to interpret Inventory listings and to understand how new mixtures would be identified for Inventory inclusion. Fundamental to the Inventory as a whole is the principle that entries on the Inventory are identified as precisely as possible for the commercial chemical substance, as reported by the submitter. Substances that are chemically indistinguishable, or even identical, may be listed differently on the Inventory, depending on the degree of knowledge that the submitters possess and report about such substances, as well as how submitters intend to represent the chemical identities to the Agency and to customers. Although these chemically indistinguishable substances are named differently on the Inventory, this is not a "nomenclature" issue, but an issue of substance representation. Submitters should be aware that their choice for substance representation plays an important role in the Agency's determination of how the substance will be listed on the Inventory.
    [Show full text]
  • Electrophilic Mercuration and Thallation of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes in Trifluoroacetic Acid Solution* (Electrophilic Substitution/Selectivity) GEORGE A
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 74, No. 10, pp. 4121-4125, October 1977 Chemistry Electrophilic mercuration and thallation of benzene and substituted benzenes in trifluoroacetic acid solution* (electrophilic substitution/selectivity) GEORGE A. OLAH, IWAO HASHIMOTOt, AND HENRY C. LINtt Institute of Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007; and the Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44101 Contributed by George A. Olah, July 18, 1977 ABSTRACT The mercuration and thallation of benzene and iments at 250 and quenched the mixtures after 5 min, whereas substituted benzenes was studied with mercuric and thallic Brown and Nelson carried out the reaction for 6.5 hr. In sub- trifluoroacetate, respectively, in trifluoroacetic acid. With the in view of the importance of both the mechanistic shortest reaction time (1 sec) at 00, the relative rate of mercu- sequent work, ration of toluene compared to that of benzene was 17.5, with and practical implications of the orientation-rate correlation, the isomer distribution in toluene of: ortho, 17.4%; meta, 5.9%; Brown and McGary (7), carried out a more detailed study of and para, 76.7%. The isomer distribution in toluene varied with the mercuration reaction. They concluded: "A redetermination the reaction time, significantly more at 25° than at 00. The of the isomer distributions and relative rates indicates excellent competitive thallation of benzene and toluene with thallic tri- agreement with the linear relationship of orientation and rel- fluoroacetate in trifluoroacetic acid at 150 showed the relative ative however, that the isomer distri- rate, toluene/benzene, to be 33, with the isomer distribution in rate." They recognized, toluene of: ortho, 9.5%; meta, 5.5%; and para, 85.0%.
    [Show full text]
  • Cis-Trans Isomerism 2
    Isomerism Isomerism • These compounds possess the same molecular formula but differ from each other in physical or chemical properties, and are called Isomers and the phenomenon is termed Isomerism • Since isomers have the same molecular formula, the difference in their properties must be due to different modes of combination or arrangement of atoms within the molecule. There are two main types of isomerism • (i) Structural Isomerism and (ii) Stereoisomerism. Structural Isomerism • When the isomerism is simply due to difference in the arrangement of atoms within the molecule without any reference to space, the phenomenon is termed Structural Isomerism. In other words, the structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. Types of Structural Isomerism 1. Chain Isomerism 2. Position Isomerism 3. Functional Isomerism 4. Metamersim 5. Tautomerism Stereoisomerism • When isomerism is caused by the different arrangements of atoms or groups in space, the phenomenon is called Stereoisomerism (Greek, Stereos = occupying space). • The stereoisomers have the same structural formulas but differ in arrangement of atoms in space. In other words, stereoisomerism is exhibited by such compounds which have identical molecular structure but different configurations. Configuration refers to the 3-dimentional arrangement of atoms that characterizes a particular compound. Types of Stereoisomerism Stereoisomerism is of two types 1. Geometrical or Cis-Trans Isomerism 2. Optical Isomerism Structural Isomerism Chain Isomerism This type of isomerism arises from she difference in the structure of carbon chain which forms the nucleus of the molecule. It is, therefore, named as Chain or Nuclear Isomerism. Chain isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the order in which the carbon atoms are bonded to each other For example, there are known two butanes which have the same molecular formula (C4H10) but differ in the structure of the carbon chains in their molecules.
    [Show full text]
  • Alkenes and Alkynes
    02/21/2019 CHAPTER FOUR Alkenes and Alkynes H N O I Cl C O C O Cl F3C C Cl C Cl Efavirenz Haloprogin (antiviral, AIDS therapeutic) (antifungal, antiseptic) Chapter 4 Table of Content * Unsaturated Hydrocarbons * Introduction and hybridization * Alkenes and Alkynes * Benzene and Phenyl groups * Structure of Alkenes, cis‐trans Isomerism * Nomenclature of Alkenes and Alkynes * Configuration cis/trans, and cis/trans Isomerism * Configuration E/Z * Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons * Acid‐Base Reactions of Hydrocarbons * pka and Hybridizations 1 02/21/2019 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Unsaturated Hydrocarbon: A hydrocarbon that contains one or more carbon‐carbon double or triple bonds or benzene‐like rings. – Alkene: contains a carbon‐carbon double bond and has the general formula CnH2n. – Alkyne: contains a carbon‐carbon triple bond and has the general formula CnH2n‐2. Introduction Alkenes ● Hydrocarbons containing C=C ● Old name: olefins • Steroids • Hormones • Biochemical regulators 2 02/21/2019 • Alkynes – Hydrocarbons containing C≡C – Common name: acetylenes Unsaturated Hydrocarbons • Arene: benzene and its derivatives (Ch 9) 3 02/21/2019 Benzene and Phenyl Groups • We do not study benzene and its derivatives until Chapter 9. – However, we show structural formulas of compounds containing a phenyl group before that time. – The phenyl group is not reactive under any of the conditions we describe in chapters 5‐8. Structure of Alkenes • The two carbon atoms of a double bond and the four atoms bonded to them lie in a plane, with bond angles of approximately 120°. 4 02/21/2019 Structure of Alkenes • Figure 4.1 According to the orbital overlap model, a double bond consists of one bond formed by overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals and one bond formed by overlap of parallel 2p orbitals.
    [Show full text]
  • Enantioselective and Synergistic Herbicidal Activities of Common Amino Acids Against Amaranthus Tricolor and Echinochloa Crus-Galli
    molecules Article Enantioselective and Synergistic Herbicidal Activities of Common Amino Acids Against Amaranthus tricolor and Echinochloa crus-galli Nawasit Chotsaeng 1,2,* , Chamroon Laosinwattana 3 and Patchanee Charoenying 1 1 Department of Chemistry, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; [email protected] 2 Integrated Applied Chemistry Research Unit, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand 3 Department of Plant Production Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +66-2329-8400 (ext. 6228); Fax: +66-2329-8428 Abstract: Amino acids have a wide range of biological activities, which usually rely on the stereoiso- mer presented. In this study, glycine and 21 common α-amino acids were investigated for their herbicidal property against Chinese amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.). Both D- and L-isomers, as well as a racemic mixture, were tested and found that most compounds barely inhibited germination but moderately suppressed seedling growth. Various ratios of D:L-mixture were studied and synergy between enantiomers was found. For Chinese amaranth, the most toxic D:L-mixtures were at 3:7 (for glutamine), 8:2 (for methionine), and 5:5 (for tryptophan). For barnyard grass, rac-glutamine was more toxic than the pure forms; Citation: Chotsaeng, N.; however, D-tryptophan exhibited greater activity than racemate and L-isomer, indicating the sign Laosinwattana, C.; Charoenying, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Γ-, Δ-, and E-Chiral 1-Alkanols Via Zr-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carboalumination of Alkenes (ZACA)–Cu- Or Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling
    Highly enantioselective synthesis of γ-, δ-, and e-chiral 1-alkanols via Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (ZACA)–Cu- or Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling Shiqing Xu, Akimichi Oda, Hirofumi Kamada, and Ei-ichi Negishi1 Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 Edited by Chi-Huey Wong, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, and approved May 2, 2014 (received for review January 21, 2014) Despite recent advances of asymmetric synthesis, the preparation shown in Schemes 1 and 2 illustrate the versatility of ZACA of enantiomerically pure (≥99% ee) compounds remains a chal- represented by the organoaluminum functionality of the ini- lenge in modern organic chemistry. We report here a strategy tially formed ZACA products. Introduction of the OH group for a highly enantioselective (≥99% ee) and catalytic synthesis by oxidation of initially formed alkylalane intermediates in of various γ- and more-remotely chiral alcohols from terminal Scheme 2 is based on two considerations: (i) the proximity of the alkenes via Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes OH group to a stereogenic carbon center is highly desirable for (ZACA reaction)–Cu- or Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling. ZACA–in situ lipase-catalyzed acetylation to provide ultrapure (≥99% ee) di- oxidation of tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS)-protected ω-alkene-1-ols functional intermediates, and (ii) the versatile OH group can R S α ω produced both ( )- and ( )- , -dioxyfunctional intermediates (3) be further transformed to a wide range of carbon groups by – ee ≥ ee in 80 88% , which were readily purified to the 99% level tosylation or iodination followed by Cu- or Pd-catalyzed cross- by lipase-catalyzed acetylation through exploitation of their high α ω coupling.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Microbiology: Spontaneous Generation Theory
    HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY: SPONTANEOUS GENERATION THEORY Microbiology often has been defined as the study of organisms and agents too small to be seen clearly by the unaided eye—that is, the study of microorganisms. Because objects less than about one millimeter in diameter cannot be seen clearly and must be examined with a microscope, microbiology is concerned primarily with organisms and agents this small and smaller. Microbial World Microorganisms are everywhere. Almost every natural surface is colonized by microbes (including our skin). Some microorganisms can live quite happily in boiling hot springs, whereas others form complex microbial communities in frozen sea ice. Most microorganisms are harmless to humans. You swallow millions of microbes every day with no ill effects. In fact, we are dependent on microbes to help us digest our food and to protect our bodies from pathogens. Microbes also keep the biosphere running by carrying out essential functions such as decomposition of dead animals and plants. Microbes are the dominant form of life on planet Earth. More than half the biomass on Earth consists of microorganisms, whereas animals constitute only 15% of the mass of living organisms on Earth. This Microbiology course deals with • How and where they live • Their structure • How they derive food and energy • Functions of soil micro flora • Role in nutrient transformation • Relation with plant • Importance in Industries The microorganisms can be divided into two distinct groups based on the nucleus structure: Prokaryotes – The organism lacking true nucleus (membrane enclosed chromosome and nucleolus) and other organelles like mitochondria, golgi body, entoplasmic reticulum etc. are referred as Prokaryotes.
    [Show full text]
  • 1.5 Isomers Let’S Look at the Following 2 Molecules
    1.5 Isomers Let’s look at the following 2 molecules: Note that although these 2 structures have the same atomic composition (C2H4F2), in the first molecule there is one F on each of the C atoms whereas on the second molecule both F atoms are on the same C atom. No matter how we rotate the molecule or turn it over or around, these 2 structures are fundamentally different molecules. We call these molecules structural or constitutional isomers. Definition: Molecules which have the same formula, but which have a difference in structure (in what atoms are bonded to each other) are called structural or constitutional isomers. For each of the pairs of molecular structures shown below, are the pairs of molecules isomers or just different representations of the same molecule? (Answer: These are different representations of the same structure because of free rotation around the C-Cl bonds. We can rotate the C-Cl bonds in any direction we want without creating a new structure.) (Answer: These are structural isomers because the structure on the left has 2 Br atoms on one C atom and 1 Br atom on the other. The second structure has all 3 Br atoms on one C atom. We can’t rotate or flip our way out of this one. These two structures have the same formula but different bonding and are hence structural isomers.) (Answer: Each C atom has one F atom in the structure on the left, while the structure on the right has both F atoms on the same C atom.
    [Show full text]
  • Epa–Hq–Oppt–2019–0131
    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 55 / Thursday, March 21, 2019 / Notices 10491 Organizations 6100–09 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION delivery of boxed information, please • Promotional partners 6100–09 AGENCY follow the instructions at http:// Annual Reporting Form—Online and www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html. Hard-copy Confidential Business [EPA–HQ–OPPT–2019–0131; FRL–9991–06] Additional instructions on commenting Information (CBI) Forms or visiting the docket, along with more • Initiation of Prioritization Under the Plumbing Manufacturers 6100–09 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) information about dockets generally, is • Non-plumbing Manufacturers available at http://www.epa.gov/ 6100–09 AGENCY: Environmental Protection dockets. • Retailers/Distributors 6100–09 Agency (EPA). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For Provider Quarterly Reporting Form ACTION: Notice. technical information about the • Licensed Certification Providers candidates for high priority contact: 6100–09 SUMMARY: As required under the Toxic Ana Corado, Chemical Control Division, Award Application Form Substances Control Act (TSCA) and Office of Pollution Prevention and • Builders 6100–17 related implementing regulations, EPA Toxics, Office of Chemical Safety and • Licensed Certification Providers is initiating the prioritization process for 6100–17 Pollution Prevention, Environmental 20 chemical substances as candidates Protection Agency (Mailcode 7408M), • Manufacturers 6100–17 for designation as High Priority • Professional Certifying 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Substances
    [Show full text]