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UTAH PESTS Staff UTAH PESTS News Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory and USU Extension Vol. VIII, Fall 2014 First Report of Elm Seed Bug in Utah What’s Inside School IPM Workshops Bacterial Spot of Pepper Raspberry Horntail Research Summary Billbug Management Fruit/Vegetable Monitoring Report 2014 Update on Invasive Pests IPM in the News In July 2014, the UPPDL received multiple on elm fruits (samara) and young nymphs submissions of a small, brown and black emerge in mid-to-late May. The nymphs insect. We identified it, with confirmation progress through 5 growth stages before News Highlights from USDA APHIS, as elm seed bug becoming a winged adult. There can be (Arocatus melanocephalus), marking its first many overlapping life stages present during WELCOME TO NEW official appearance in the state. A native of the summer, but in Italy, the insects have one VEGETABLE IPM Europe, the elm seed bug was first identified generation per year. Invasions of buildings ASSOCIATE in the U.S. in Idaho in 2012 and then in have occurred anytime between late May Bonnie Oregon in 2013. While the Utah sample and late September and were seen to Bunn submissions came from Salt Lake County, I coincide with peak summer temperatures. recently also collected and identified this insect in joined the Cache County around the same time. It is Control of elm seed bug with insecticides Utah Pests possible that the elm seed bug is already may be difficult due to their mobile team to widely distributed along the Wasatch Front. behavior. Italian entomologists report that conduct outreach city governments attempted control with in vegeta- As a member of the family Lygaeidae, or etofenprox, pyrethrum, and rotenone, but ble integrated pest manage- the seed bugs, this insect feeds primarily on only etofenprox showed efficacy. In Italy, ment. Bonnie is completing elm seeds, but can be found on other trees. insecticides are most effectively applied her M.S. in Biology at USU In northern Italy, this insect has become a to host trees when immature stages are under Diane Alston. She major nuisance pest, entering homes and present, beginning in early May. has already made a great buildings by the thousands, similar to the impact this summer by boxelder bug in Utah. Unlike boxelder bug, Unfortunately, adult emergence dates, egg running the vegetable IPM elm seed bugs can emit a pungent smell laying, and egg hatch are not known in Utah. advisories, monitoring and from scent glands, similar to bitter almonds. Proper spray timing for elm seed bug in trapping for vegetable pests, Utah should be accurately timed to coincide and expanding our vegetable The specifics of the elm seed bug life cycle with the presence of the nymph stages for diagnostics image database. Bonnie will also develop in the U.S. are only generally understood. In greatest results. Adults may start appearing fact sheets, expand our northern Italy (Turin ~ 45°N and Modena in March and their nymphs, in April and May. online content, and conduct ~ 44°N; Salt Lake City ~ 40°N), the insects presentations. overwinter as adults and begin to move Pest-proofing homes and buildings is the from overwintering sites to host trees in best tactic to deal with nuisance pests like utahpests.usu.edu March. Eggs are laid starting in early May the new elm seed bug, just as it is for the continued on next page Elm Seed Bug, continued from page 1 UTAH PESTS boxelder bug. The general exclusion References: Staff techniques found in the USU Boxelder Ferracini, C. and A. Alma. 2008. Arocatus melanocephalus: a hemipteran pest on elm in the Bug fact sheet will help provide relief urban environment. Bulletin of Insectology, 61(1): Diane Alston from this new pest. Where swarms are 193-194. Entomologist [email protected] found, such as on warm exterior walls, Maistrello, L., L. Lombroso, E. Pedroni, A. Reggiani, 435-797-2516 the bugs can be vacuumed up into soapy and S. Vanin. 2006. Summer raids of Arocatus water to quickly reduce large populations. melanocephalus (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) in urban buildings in Northern Italy: Is climate change Bonnie Bunn More information on the elm seed bug Vegetable IPM Associate to blame? Journal of Thermal Biology, 31(8): and its control can be found in the fact 594-598. [email protected] sheet from the Idaho State Department 435-797-2435 Idaho State Department of Agriculture. 2013. of Agriculture. Elm seed bug, Arocatus melanocephalus: an exotic Ryan Davis invasive pest new to the U.S. Fact sheet: 4pp. Arthropod Diagnostician - Ryan Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician School IPM Associate and School IPM Associate [email protected] 435-797-2435 Marion Murray IPM Project Leader Editor, Utah Pests News School IPM Workshops Will Help Schools [email protected] 435-797-0776 Adapt to New Law In 2013, the Utah Department of Health This fall, the USU School IPM Program Claudia Nischwitz Plant Pathologist amended the pest management section is holding 17 workshops in 9 locations [email protected] of HR392-200-7(12). The amendment to teach about the new rule change, 435-797-7569 now requires public, private and charter IPM basics, and how to run a successful schools, K-12, and attached pre-schools, IPM program. The workshops will Ricardo Ramirez Entomologist to practice integrated pest management train public, private, and charter school [email protected] (IPM). personnel, and the Utah Department of 435-797-8088 Health inspectors who will be enforcing Utah is the 40th state in the U.S. to the new law. Lori Spears enact stiffer laws, rules, or beyond-label USU CAPS Coordinator [email protected] requirements for pesticide use in and Below is a list of workshop locations 801-668-4056 around schools (NPMA, 2014). The around the state. County agents interest- effort is primarily intended to minimize ed in participating in their local workshop child exposure to pesticides, but the should contact: [email protected]. Utah Plant Pest benefits extend to school employees and Diagnostic Lab environmental health. - Ryan Davis, Arthropod Diagnostician BNR Room 203 and School IPM Associate Utah State University 5305 Old Main Hill Logan, UT 84322 Workshop Location School Employees Dept. of Health Inspectors UTAH PESTS News Salt Lake City Oct. 20 Oct. 21 is published quarterly. Vernal Oct. 28 Oct. 29 To subscribe, click here. Richfield Nov. 3 Nov. 4 All images © UTAH PESTS and USU Extension unless otherwise credited. Moab Nov. 13 Nov. 14 Spanish Fork Nov. 19 Nov. 20 utahpests.usu.edu St. George Dec. 3 Dec. 4 Ogden Dec. 9 Dec. 10 Brigham City Jan. 13 Provo Jan. 15 www.utahpests.usu.edu Utah Pests News - Fall 2014 - page 2 PLANT pathologY NEWS AND information Bacterial Spot Shows up on Peppers in Utah Bacterial spot of pepper and tomato, caused by Xanthomonas vesicatoria and X. euvesicatoria, is a disease that is commonly found in warm, moist regions that grow these crops, so it is not commonly found in Utah. The heavy rains in August 2014 in northern Utah, however, were prime conditions for an outbreak of bacterial spot, in particular on pepper. The primary spread of bacterial spot is via seeds infected with the bacteria, while secondary spread can occur from one infected plant to another, or from infected debris left in a field. Transplants grown from infected seed may not show symptoms if they are grown in cool, dry conditions. The bacteria will remain latent until Volcani Center Archive, Agricultural Research Organization, bugwood.org bugwood.org Organization, Agricultural Research Archive, Center Volcani the plants are exposed to high temperatures and moisture In Utah, the symptoms of bacterial spot that we observed on peppers included small brown lesions through rain or overhead on leaves and small, tan to black spots on fruits. irrigation. Initial symptoms are small brown spots on leaves. Under warm and humid conditions, they can coalesce and form large the bacteria. In addition, cull piles should be removed from blighted areas. On greenhouse-grown transplants, leaves turn adjoining pepper or tomato fields. Crop rotation after an yellow and drop prematurely. Black spots will also develop on outbreak is important because the bacteria can survive in fruit, which makes the fruit unmarketable. Once symptoms infected plant debris. Peppers should not be rotated with develop, splashing irrigation water or wind and rain can tomatoes that are also susceptible to the pathogen. One year quickly spread the bacteria through the greenhouse or across of rotation should be long enough. a field. The best management option is the use of disease-free seed Management of bacterial spot of pepper is difficult. The only and transplants. There is one pepper variety from Seminis chemical option is copper, which helps to stop spread of the Vegetable Seeds (PS 09942815 (with X10R™)) that has disease from plant to plant. In many parts of the country, X. resistance to all ten races of the bacteria that are known to vesicatoria has become resistant to copper and treatments are occur. Other pepper varieties are resistant to races 1, 2 and 3 ineffective. In Utah, we have not yet found resistant isolates (click here for more information). We currently do not know of the bacteria. which race(s) we have in Utah. There are cultural practices that can help to minimize this disease. Avoiding overhead irrigation can slow the spread of -Claudia Nischwitz, Plant Pathologist www.utahpests.usu.edu Utah Pests News - Fall 2014 - page 3 entomologY NEWS AND information 6 Years of Raspberry Horntail Research, berry condensed Recent research has defined horntail biology, developed a degree-day model, identified wasp parasitoids for biocontrol, evaluated insecticides, and assessed raspberry cultivars for susceptibility.
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