DOCSLIB.ORG

Clashes in the Contact Zone: Student, Faculty, and Administrative Resistance to Intersectional Pedagogies in the Writing Classro

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clashes in the Contact Zone: Student, Faculty, and Administrative Resistance to Intersectional Pedagogies in the Writing Classro University of Texas at El Paso DigitalCommons@UTEP Open Access Theses & Dissertations 2018-01-01 Clashes in the Contact Zone: Student, Faculty, and Administrative Resistance to Intersectional Pedagogies in the Writing Classroom Gina Marie Lawrence University of Texas at El Paso, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd Part of the Curriculum and Instruction Commons, Educational Methods Commons, and the Rhetoric Commons Recommended Citation Lawrence, Gina Marie, "Clashes in the Contact Zone: Student, Faculty, and Administrative Resistance to Intersectional Pedagogies in the Writing Classroom" (2018). Open Access Theses & Dissertations. 8. https://digitalcommons.utep.edu/open_etd/8 This is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UTEP. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UTEP. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLASHES IN THE CONTACT ZONE: STUDENT, FACULTY, AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESISTANCE TO INTERSECTIONAL PEDAGOGIES IN THE WRITING CLASSROOM GINA MARIE LAWRENCE Doctoral Program in Rhetoric and Composition APPROVED: Kate Mangelsdorf, Ph.D., Chair Lucía Dura, Ph.D. Char Ullman, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Gina Lawrence 2018 Dedication To Reese and Jordan -- You can do anything! CLASHES IN THE CONTACT ZONE: STUDENT, FACULTY, AND ADMINISTRATIVE RESISTANCE TO INTERSECTIONAL PEDAGOGIES IN THE WRITING CLASSROOM by GINA MARIE LAWRENCE, MA DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Rhetoric and Composition THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2018 Acknowledgements This dissertation was many years in the making and there were days that I thought I would never finish it. I would never have gotten this far if it had not been for my incredible committee members, Drs. Kate Mangelsdorf and Lucía Durá, who pushed me even when I was going nowhere. Also, to Dr. Amy Reed-Sandoval, who was here to support me for the bulk of this journey but now has a beautiful baby at home. And to complete my committee, I am eternally grateful to Dr. Char Ullman, whose excitement about this project was contagious and allowed me to find energy to complete it. I would also like to thank Dr. Manal Hamzeh at New Mexico State University for being my excellent femtor during my first year and a half as a new faculty member. Writing a dissertation while working full time is no easy task, and she provided me with so much support through her hands-on femtorship and our feminist writing group. I feel very grateful to be included with such great company each week. I had two wonderful colleagues with me while I worked on my dissertation. First, Dr. Lizbett Tinoco. I couldn’t have done this PhD without you! You were the best class buddy, roommate, and cohort twin and I miss you so often. Secondly, Marieka Brown, thank you for your support and friendship in our work and productivity dates. This work would have been impossible without my other cohort members who I now call friends. Thank you Drs. Beau Pihlaja, Zach Warzecka, and Consuelo Salas. We did this together and I know this experience would not have been the same without you all along the way. v Dr. Lou Herman, I thank you for putting up with me and giving me such a strong example of what it is like to run a writing center and write a dissertation at the same time. As if being a parent wasn’t already hard enough, I felt like you were one of the only people who understood my obstacles and managed to both encourage me and give me a hard time all at once. We both did it! And finally, I cannot write my acknowledgements section without acknowledging the most important people in my life. Miley, Reese, and Jordan. Thank you for loving me. Thank you for helping me find my purpose. Thank you for making my house a home. I love you endlessly and forever. Reese and Jordan, you two are so special and so smart and will be able to do anything you set your minds to! Miley, thank you for creating the two children who continue to inspire me every day, and thank you for filling my heart with joy and motivation as I cross this final hurdle in my education. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................v TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: THE INTERSECTIONALITY UMBRELLA: THROUGH RACE, GENDER, QUEERNESS, STANDARD LANGUAGE IDEOLOGY, AND MORE ........................8 Introduction to Topic ........................................................................................................8 Personal Connections ........................................................................................................8 Intersectionality ...............................................................................................................10 Beginnings ......................................................................................................................11 Feminism and Gender .....................................................................................................12 Queerness ........................................................................................................................15 On Race ...........................................................................................................................18 Standard Language Ideology ..........................................................................................20 Whiteness ........................................................................................................................26 Resistance .......................................................................................................................31 Critiques ..........................................................................................................................36 CHAPTER 3: QUESTIONS, METHODS, AND DESIGN ....................................................40 Research Questions .........................................................................................................40 Methods...........................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 4: PEDAGOGY, PRACTICE, AND PRAXIS ....................................................48 Results .............................................................................................................................48 Intersectional Pedagogy in Practice ................................................................................48 Bringing Perspective through Readings ..........................................................................49 Hesitations and “I would worry I would get in trouble” .................................................55 Instructor Identity and Other Reasons Instructors Choose Intersectional Pedagogy ......59 Personal Anecdote on my Identity as an Instructor ........................................................60 Connecting with Students Culturally ..............................................................................62 How Student Resistance Looks ......................................................................................65 Resistance and Power in the Age of Trump ....................................................................66 vii Who Should be Talking about These Issues? .................................................................71 The Complications of Silence and Resistance in Online Teaching ................................73 Observation of Resistance: The Aggressive Egg ............................................................78 In My Own Classroom: “White People are Oppressed, Too” ........................................81 Step into Somebody’s Intersectional Shoes ....................................................................85 On Not Tokenizing Students or Assuming their Position ...............................................87 On Emotional Responses ................................................................................................88 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND POSSIBLE FUTURE WORK .....................................93 So, What Can We Do to Address Resistance? ................................................................94 Who’s Your Audience? Students vs. The Straw Man ....................................................95 Future Work ....................................................................................................................96 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................98 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................103 A. Email to WPA Listerv seeking interview participants .............................................103 B. Email to Interested Interview Respondents ..............................................................104 C. Interview Consent Form ...........................................................................................105
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Culture Wars' Reloaded: Trump, Anti-Political Correctness and the Right's 'Free Speech' Hypocrisy
    The 'Culture Wars' Reloaded: Trump, Anti-Political Correctness and the Right's 'Free Speech' Hypocrisy Dr. Valerie Scatamburlo-D'Annibale University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada Abstract This article explores how Donald Trump capitalized on the right's decades-long, carefully choreographed and well-financed campaign against political correctness in relation to the broader strategy of 'cultural conservatism.' It provides an historical overview of various iterations of this campaign, discusses the mainstream media's complicity in promulgating conservative talking points about higher education at the height of the 1990s 'culture wars,' examines the reconfigured anti- PC/pro-free speech crusade of recent years, its contemporary currency in the Trump era and the implications for academia and educational policy. Keywords: political correctness, culture wars, free speech, cultural conservatism, critical pedagogy Introduction More than two years after Donald Trump's ascendancy to the White House, post-mortems of the 2016 American election continue to explore the factors that propelled him to office. Some have pointed to the spread of right-wing populism in the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis that culminated in Brexit in Europe and Trump's victory (Kagarlitsky, 2017; Tufts & Thomas, 2017) while Fuchs (2018) lays bare the deleterious role of social media in facilitating the rise of authoritarianism in the U.S. and elsewhere. Other 69 | P a g e The 'Culture Wars' Reloaded: Trump, Anti-Political Correctness and the Right's 'Free Speech' Hypocrisy explanations refer to deep-rooted misogyny that worked against Hillary Clinton (Wilz, 2016), a backlash against Barack Obama, sedimented racism and the demonization of diversity as a public good (Major, Blodorn and Blascovich, 2016; Shafer, 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • How White Supremacy Returned to Mainstream Politics
    GETTY CORUM IMAGES/SAMUEL How White Supremacy Returned to Mainstream Politics By Simon Clark July 2020 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG How White Supremacy Returned to Mainstream Politics By Simon Clark July 2020 Contents 1 Introduction and summary 4 Tracing the origins of white supremacist ideas 13 How did this start, and how can it end? 16 Conclusion 17 About the author and acknowledgments 18 Endnotes Introduction and summary The United States is living through a moment of profound and positive change in attitudes toward race, with a large majority of citizens1 coming to grips with the deeply embedded historical legacy of racist structures and ideas. The recent protests and public reaction to George Floyd’s murder are a testament to many individu- als’ deep commitment to renewing the founding ideals of the republic. But there is another, more dangerous, side to this debate—one that seeks to rehabilitate toxic political notions of racial superiority, stokes fear of immigrants and minorities to inflame grievances for political ends, and attempts to build a notion of an embat- tled white majority which has to defend its power by any means necessary. These notions, once the preserve of fringe white nationalist groups, have increasingly infiltrated the mainstream of American political and cultural discussion, with poi- sonous results. For a starting point, one must look no further than President Donald Trump’s senior adviser for policy and chief speechwriter, Stephen Miller. In December 2019, the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Hatewatch published a cache of more than 900 emails2 Miller wrote to his contacts at Breitbart News before the 2016 presidential election.
    [Show full text]
  • Trumpism on College Campuses
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Previously Published Works Title Trumpism on College Campuses Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1d51s5hk Journal QUALITATIVE SOCIOLOGY, 43(2) ISSN 0162-0436 Authors Kidder, Jeffrey L Binder, Amy J Publication Date 2020-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s11133-020-09446-z Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Qualitative Sociology (2020) 43:145–163 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-020-09446-z Trumpism on College Campuses Jeffrey L. Kidder1 & Amy J. Binder 2 Published online: 1 February 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract In this paper, we report data from interviews with members of conservative political clubs at four flagship public universities. First, we categorize these students into three analytically distinct orientations regarding Donald Trump and his presidency (or what we call Trumpism). There are principled rejecters, true believers, and satisficed partisans. We argue that Trumpism is a disunifying symbol in our respondents’ self- narratives. Specifically, right-leaning collegians use Trumpism to draw distinctions over the appropriate meaning of conservatism. Second, we show how political clubs sort and shape orientations to Trumpism. As such, our work reveals how student-led groups can play a significant role in making different political discourses available on campuses and shaping the types of activism pursued by club members—both of which have potentially serious implications for the content and character of American democracy moving forward. Keywords Americanpolitics.Conservatism.Culture.Highereducation.Identity.Organizations Introduction Donald Trump, first as a candidate and now as the president, has been an exceptionally divisive force in American politics, even among conservatives who typically vote Republican.
    [Show full text]
  • Capitol Insurrection at Center of Conservative Movement
    Capitol Insurrection At Center Of Conservative Movement: At Least 43 Governors, Senators And Members Of Congress Have Ties To Groups That Planned January 6th Rally And Riots. SUMMARY: On January 6, 2021, a rally in support of overturning the results of the 2020 presidential election “turned deadly” when thousands of people stormed the U.S. Capitol at Donald Trump’s urging. Even Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, who rarely broke with Trump, has explicitly said, “the mob was fed lies. They were provoked by the President and other powerful people.” These “other powerful people” include a vast array of conservative officials and Trump allies who perpetuated false claims of fraud in the 2020 election after enjoying critical support from the groups that fueled the Capitol riot. In fact, at least 43 current Governors or elected federal office holders have direct ties to the groups that helped plan the January 6th rally, along with at least 15 members of Donald Trump’s former administration. The links that these Trump-allied officials have to these groups are: Turning Point Action, an arm of right-wing Turning Point USA, claimed to send “80+ buses full of patriots” to the rally that led to the Capitol riot, claiming the event would be one of the most “consequential” in U.S. history. • The group spent over $1.5 million supporting Trump and his Georgia senate allies who claimed the election was fraudulent and supported efforts to overturn it. • The organization hosted Trump at an event where he claimed Democrats were trying to “rig the election,” which he said would be “the most corrupt election in the history of our country.” • At a Turning Point USA event, Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • We Welcome Your Support in Our Nonpartisan War on Waste. It's Your
    PAID ADVERTISEMENT President Donald J. Trump The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President, In our previous two communications in The Wall Street Journal, we called attention to the lurking threat our country faces from an exploding national debt fueled by runaway government spending. We urged you to lead a national campaign to restore fi scal soundness to our great country by waging a nonpartisan War on Waste. From a recent U.S. Government Accountability Offi ce report*: “Since 2003…cumulative improper payment estimates have totaled about $1.4 trillion.” $1,400,000,000,000. Examples of improper payments are payments to doctors with suspended or revoked medical licenses or to people identifi ed as deceased in federal death fi les. A War on Waste is long overdue. We respectfully recommend that you announce to the nation that you are beginning a four-step War on Waste, that stamping out profl igate government spending is a top priority of your administration. Step 1 – Start a Transparency Revolution Publicize every White House expenditure. Direct every department and agency in your administration to follow suit. Classifi ed expenditures would be excluded. Transparency will be a culture-changing force. It will revolutionize government. It will infl uence how people vote. Knowing there is nowhere to hide will motivate politicians to earn votes with fi scal prudence rather than wasting taxpayer dollars by buying votes. We are living in the Information Age and the Big Data world. There is no reason why every government expenditure should not be public, accessible to the voting public via cell phone, computer, and iPad.
    [Show full text]
  • URMC V127no118 20180403.Pdf (7.352Mb)
    EDITORIAL SPORTS A&C OUR ASCSU CLUB BASEBALL STEPS THE SECRET ENDORSEMENT UP TO THE PLATE LIFE OF C.A.M. Vol. 127, No. 118 Tuesday, April 3, 2018 PAGE 6 PAGE 12 PAGE 13 Zero Waste Team pushes for LSC composting By Austin Fleskes @Austinfleskes07 While back of house composting is already in effect for some of the restaurants in the Lory Student Center, members of Associated Students for Colorado State University and the Zero Waste Team are pushing for front of house composting to be initiated in the student center. Back of house composting for the eight restaurants in the LSC that are owned by the LSC includes composting waste from the kitchens of those restaurants. Front of house composting would consist of getting composting bins in the common area of the LSC for the community to use. Last July, back of house composting began in the LSC owned restaurants, explained Geoff Valdez, the assistant director for retail operations in the LSC. ASCSU Vice Presidential candidate Lynsie Roper and Presidential candidate Liam Aubrey answer questions during the ASCSU Theatre Debate in Valdez said it took about the Lory Student Center on March 21. The Aubrey-Roper campaign has come under fire by student organizations for Aubrey’s previous affiliation three quarters of a year to with conservative group Turning Point USA. PHOTO BY COLIN SHEPHERD COLLEGIAN get to that point, as there was a large education piece that came with back of house composting. Student government presidential candidate Valdez said currently, front of house composting options are being explored for the LSC.
    [Show full text]
  • With the Right Outreach and the Right Organization, We Can Win Back The
    EARLY-BIRD DISCOUNTS CONSERVATIVEAVAILABLE SUMMIT FOR 2018 WESTERN Principled Ideas from the Centennial Institute Publisher, Dr. Donald W. Sweeting Volume 10, Number 2 • February 2018 Editor, Jeff Hunt THE BATTLE FOR THE FUTURE IS ON honestly. I run into senators here and there, and I look at them OUR COLLEGE CAMPUSES and say, “I am so disappointed. What are you doing all day long?” Who else here worked, knocked on doors, and made Charlie Kirk, WCS17 phone calls so that they would repeal Obamacare? And then I have to sit here and listen to five senators who don’t have the backbone to do what they said they were going do, are you kidding me? For seven years we had to hear, “We’re going to repeal Obamacare, just give us the House.” We gave them the House. Then they said, “We need the Senate,” and we gave them the Senate. Then they said, “We need the White House.” Now they have all three chambers and we’re hearing nothing but excuses. What makes me the sickest is that the people who voted for a full repeal of Obamacare only did it because they knew Obama was going to veto it. They lied to us! They didn’t actually mean Charlie Kirk, speaking at the 2017 Western Conservative Summit. it. So excuse my candid, extemporaneous comments, but I’m just sick and tired of these people going to Washington, saying I come from Chicago, Illinois. I grew up twenty minutes down they’re going to do something, and not doing it.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Vendors Connected to Insurrection Groups Must Sever Ties to Maintain Standards for Use of Their Services
    Major Vendors Connected To Insurrection Groups Must Sever Ties To Maintain Standards For Use Of Their Services Summary: Several vendors, including the domain registrar and host GoDaddy.com and the e-commerce platform Shopify, provide services to organizations closely involved with the January 6th Capitol Riot. These groups, and the associated companies, include: • Turning Point USA, whose website is registered by GoDaddy.com and whose online store is "powered" by Shopify. Turning Point USA helped organize the January 6th rallies that led to the riot, with the organization's leader even providing 80 buses to transport Trump supporters. • The Rule of Law Defense Fund, the fundraising arm of the Republican Attorneys General Association, whose website is hosted by Linode LLC and registered by GoDaddy.com, sent robocalls urging Trump supporters to march on the Capitol the day before the Capitol Riot occurred. • Women For America First, whose website is hosted by Google and registered by GoDaddy.com, urged a "caravan" of Trump supporters to attend the January 6th rally that led to the Capitol riot. In November 2020, Women For America First promoted the protests of white nationalist groups seeking to challenge the election results. • Tea Party Patriots, whose website is hosted by Fastly and Pantheon and registered by GoDaddy.com, was listed among the groups participating in the January 6th March to Save America Rally. • The Phyllis Schlafly Eagles, whose website is hosted by New Dream Network and registered by GoDaddy.com, was listed among the groups participating in the January 6th March to Save America Rally. • Brian Gibson, the pastor of HIS Church, whose website is hosted and registered by GoDaddy.com, took part in an event "billed as a combination worship service and rally for Trump" the day before the January 6th Capitol riot.
    [Show full text]
  • © Copyright 2020 Yunkang Yang
    © Copyright 2020 Yunkang Yang The Political Logic of the Radical Right Media Sphere in the United States Yunkang Yang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2020 Reading Committee: W. Lance Bennett, Chair Matthew J. Powers Kirsten A. Foot Adrienne Russell Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Communication University of Washington Abstract The Political Logic of the Radical Right Media Sphere in the United States Yunkang Yang Chair of the Supervisory Committee: W. Lance Bennett Department of Communication Democracy in America is threatened by an increased level of false information circulating through online media networks. Previous research has found that radical right media such as Fox News and Breitbart are the principal incubators and distributors of online disinformation. In this dissertation, I draw attention to their political mobilizing logic and propose a new theoretical framework to analyze major radical right media in the U.S. Contrasted with the old partisan media literature that regarded radical right media as partisan news organizations, I argue that media outlets such as Fox News and Breitbart are better understood as hybrid network organizations. This means that many radical right media can function as partisan journalism producers, disinformation distributors, and in many cases political organizations at the same time. They not only provide partisan news reporting but also engage in a variety of political activities such as spreading disinformation, conducting opposition research, contacting voters, and campaigning and fundraising for politicians. In addition, many radical right media are also capable of forming emerging political organization networks that can mobilize resources, coordinate actions, and pursue tangible political goals at strategic moments in response to the changing political environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Stephen Miller Trump's Right-Hand Troll
    Trump’s Right-Hand Troll Stephen Miller once tormented liberals at Duke. Now the president’s speechwriter and immigration enforcer is deploying the art of provocation from the White House. Photo illustration by WG600* MCKAY COPPINS | MAY 28, 2018 | POLITICS T’S LATE ON A FRIDAY AFTERNOON in March, and I’m sitting across from Stephen Miller in his spacious, I sunlit West Wing office, trying to figure out whether he’s trolling me. To hear more feature stories, see our full list or get the Audm iPhone app. This is no easy task. A provocateur as skilled as Miller doesn’t just announce when he’s saying something outlandish to get a rise out of you—he tries to make you think he means it. So you have to look for the subtle tells. The fleeting half-smirk when he refers to himself as a “conservative social-justice warrior” early in the conversation. The too-emphatic tone he takes later when he says the best movie he’s seen in the past 15 years is The Dark Knight Rises, and then chides you for not properly appreciating its commentary on the French Revolution. “It takes on the issue of anarchy and social breakdown in a really interesting way,” he says of the Batman movie. “There’s a lot going on in the film that you, of all people, I’d have thought would be all over.” “Me … specifically?,” I ask, taking the bait. “Well,” he replies, letting the mask slip and a sarcastic grin surface, “it’s just your reputation as a very deep thinker.” Perched on a high-backed chair, Miller looks as if he’s posing for a cologne ad in a glossy magazine—his slender frame wrapped in an elegantly tailored suit, his arm draped over the backrest, his legs crossed at the knee just so.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    Unbound: A Journal of Digital Scholarship Realizing Resistance: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Star Wars, Episodes VII, VIII & IX Issue 1, No. 1, Fall 2019 USING THE FORCE OF REPRESENTATION The New Hope Against the Rise of White Nationalism Casey Walker Abstract: Christine Cornea’s article “From Isolationism to Globalism: An Overview of Politics and Ethics in the Hollywood Science Fiction Film” discusses the discourse on nationalism, isolationism, and the fear of globalization in Hollywood’s science fiction films beginning in the 1930s. Cornea concludes these films have an “overwhelming concern with the defence [sic] of the nation throughout this period” and notes “the frequent narrative emphasis on confrontation (whether competitive, threatening, or violent) across circumscribed borderlines.” These filmic manifestations of normative anxiety concerning migration and the immigrant "Other" create a space in which nativism and annihilation of immigrants are celebrated. However, in the most recent installments of the Star Wars franchise, Episodes VII & VIII, the films advocate a more global, borderless society where humans and aliens coexist in a united front of resistance against the Empire. The racial diversity of the human characters further accentuates this conscious effort on the part of the studio and filmmakers to make inclusion and diversity the heart of the resistance against an Empire, which itself is emblematic of the mostly white, mostly male hierarchy of nativism and exclusion. This paper will use previous literature (such as the article mentioned above) to launch a discussion of the ways in which the latest installments in the Star Wars canon subvert the tradition of nationalist and nativist tendencies in science fiction films, creating a diverse resistance, while also serving as fertile ground for a response to the rise of nationalism (specifically white nationalism) in our nation today.
    [Show full text]
  • Memo Is Not a Comprehensive Analysis of Concerns About TPUSA’S Approach
    M E M O R A N D U M TO: Program Team FROM: Kimberly Begg, Esq. Vice President & General Counsel DATE: May 25, 2018 RE: Advising our Students about TPUSA Nationwide, student activists are coming to us with questions about Turning Point USA (TPUSA). They tell us they are frustrated that TPUSA claims credit for their events and creates turmoil within their YAF chapters and other groups. Students are seeking direction from our team about whether to cooperate with TPUSA. In order to provide guidance to students, our team needs to understand that TPUSA is unlike any of the many Conservative Movement organizations we have worked with in the past. This memo is not a comprehensive analysis of concerns about TPUSA’s approach. It is not a report on the many alarming incidents students have shared with us over the years. Rather, it is a compilation of information from public sources, outlining the lack of integrity, honesty, experience, and judgment of this growing organization. Founded in 2012 by Charlie Kirk, TPUSA emerged to “identify, educate, train, and organize students to promote the principles of freedom, free markets, and limited government.” From the start, Kirk made bold claims about TPUSA that could not possibly be true about a start-up organization working with young people. Early marketing materials described TPUSA as the umbrella organization for the young Conservative Movement, under which Young America’s Foundation, Leadership Institute, Intercollegiate Studies Institute, The Fund for American Studies, Young Americans for Liberty, and other groups operate. 1 Early on, Kirk made a name for himself by appearing regularly on Fox News.
    [Show full text]