The State of Hate in America

OCTOBER 23, 2019 Who We Are 2 ADL is a leading anti-hate organization. Founded in 1913 in response to an escalating climate of anti-Semitism and bigotry, its timeless mission is to protect the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment for all. Today, ADL continues to fight all forms of hate with the same vigor and passion. A global leader in exposing extremism, delivering anti-bias education, and fighting hate online, ADL’s ultimate goal is a world in which no group or individual suffers from bias, discrimination or hate. What We Do 3 ADL is fighting hate for good. We fight against:

Anti Semitism

Extremism

Bigotry, Bias, and Discrimination

Cyberhate How We Do It 4 ADL’s programs and initiatives are embedded in all aspects of society. To confront the escalation of hate we: Investigate & Research We are always on, monitoring and reporting hate incidents and extremist activity. We use advanced information and analysis to expose and disrupt anti-Semitism, bias, and hate. Educate & Train We create anti-bias education and bullying prevention programs and training that have the power to change misperception and mistreatment. Our programs cater to students, educators, communities, law enforcement personnel, and business professionals alike. Advocate and Assist With a strong voice, we speak out against Anti-Semitism, prejudice, and discrimination. We actively advocate for democratic values and core civil rights. ADL’s Impact 5 Our impact is far reaching—we create change in schools, among law enforcement, in courts and within communities online and off. Examples of ADL’s impact include:

Over 15,000 K-12 educators acquired skills to teach anti-bias concepts and support students in using ally behaviors to challenge bias and bullying

Over 150,000 Law enforcement professionals were trained by ADL in the last 10 years, helping them to fight extremism and build trust with the communities they serve 46 States and the District of Columbia have enacted Hate Crimes legislation based on, or similar to, the ADL model produced in 1981

2.6MM Tweets containing anti-Semitic language were identified in our 2016 report about online harassment of journalists COE By the Numbers, 2019 (data as of October 10)

COE staff Approximate number members 13 Blogs published of law enforcement on adl.org 4,500 officials trained Law enforcement assists delivered 440+ Symbols in the Hate on Display Major Anti- 34 database reports Semitic 214 incidents 780 released assessed* *Total for January–June 2019 Incidents 9 Requests plotted on the fulfilled for ADL Trainings 9,098 H.E.A.T. Map 1,300+ Regional Offices delivered to law 42 enforcement References in White supremacist media & propaganda tracked academic 1,790 4,700+ scholarship 7 8 The State of Hate in America

OCTOBER 23, 2019 Four White Supremacist Attacks 10 An unprecedented time. El Paso, Texas; August 2019; 22 killed Poway, California; April 2019; 1 killed Christchurch, New Zealand; March 2019; 51 killed Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; October 2018; 11 killed Las Vegas

COE monitored the online activities of Conor Climo, who was actively engaged online with other white supremacists.

11 14 WORDS 12 We must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

What is ? White Supremacy 20 It’s more than a collection of prejudices: it is a complete ideology. Key Tenets:

Whites should have dominance over people of other backgrounds, especially where they may co-exist;

Whites should live by themselves in a whites-only society;

White people have their own “culture” that is superior to other cultures;

White people are genetically superior to other people. The State of American White Supremacy 21 White supremacists in the U.S. have experienced a resurgence in the past three years, driven in large part by the rise of the alt right. Summary:

The white supremacist “Unite the Right” rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, on August 11-12, 2017, attracted some 600 extremists from around the country and ended in deadly violence.

Modern white supremacist ideology is centered on the assertion that the white race is in danger of extinction, drowned by a rising tide of non-white people who are controlled and manipulated by Jews. The State of American White Supremacy (continued) 22

The white supremacist resurgence is driven in large part by the rise of the alt right, the newest segment of the white supremacist movement. Youth-oriented and overwhelmingly male, the alt right has provided new energy to the movement, but has also been a destabilizing force, much as racist skinheads were to the movement in the 1980s and early 1990s.

The alt right has a white supremacist ideology. The alt right also possesses its own distinct subculture, derived especially from the misogynists of the so-called “manosphere” and from online discussion forums such as 4chan, 8chan and Reddit. The State of American White Supremacy (continued) 23

After the election, the alt right moved from online activism into the real world, forming real-world groups and organizations and engaging in tactics such as targeting college campuses. The alt right also expanded its online propaganda efforts, especially through podcasting.

Other white supremacists—neo-Nazis, traditional white supremacists, racist skinheads, white supremacist religious sects, and white supremacist prison gangs—have also continued their activities. Some white supremacists, such as neo-Nazis, seem to have been buoyed by the alt right to some extent, while others— most notably racist skinheads—may experience a loss of potential recruits at the hands of the alt right. The State of American White Supremacy (continued) 24

Violence and crime represent the most serious problems emanating from the white supremacist movement. White supremacists have killed more people in recent years than any other type of domestic extremist (54% of all domestic extremist-related murders in the past 10 years). They are also a troubling source of domestic terror incidents (including 13 plots or attacks within the past five years).

Murders and terror plots represent only the tip of the iceberg of white supremacist violence, as there are many more incidents involving attempted murders, assaults, weapons and explosives violations, violence against women, drug-related crimes and more. The Alt Right 25 Newest white supremacist movement. Influences:

Paleoconservatism

Neo-Nazism and Fascism

Identitarianism

Renegade Conservatives

Right-wing Conspiracy Theorists The Subculture of the Alt Right 26 An ideology and a subculture.

The “Manosphere”

The Chan Subculture

The (((Echo)))

Podcasts The Catch-88 Paradox 27 The Alt Right-Alt Lite Split.

Optics and Backlashes White Supremacist Movements 28 In the shadow of the Alt Right. Five Segments:

Neo-Nazis

Racist Skinheads

Traditional White Supremacists

Christian Identity and Odinism

White Supremacist Prison Gangs 2018 Murder and Extremism Report Summary 29

In 2018, domestic extremists killed at least 50 people. Every perpetrator had ties to at least one right-wing extremist movement, although one had recently begun supporting Islamist extremism. 2017: 37 2016: 72 2015: 70 The 50 deaths make 2018 the fourth-deadliest year on record since 1970. 2018 Murder and Extremism Report Summary (continued) 30

ADL’s Center on Extremism, which has aggregated data going back to 1970, shows that over the last decade, a total of 73.3 percent of all extremist-related fatalities can be linked to domestic right-wing extremists, while 23.4 percent can be attributed to Islamic extremists. The remaining 3.2 percent were carried out by extremists who did not fall into either category. Trends in Extremist Activity 31 Increases across the board. Primary Activity in Colorado:

Anti-Semitism

White Supremacist Propaganda

Hate Crimes Anti-Semitic Incidents 32

Number of incidents, including acts of vandalism, harassment and assault:

2018: 39

2017: 57

2016: 45

2015: 18

2014: 10

2013: 9 Boulder Man Arrested for Targeting Jews 33 Anti-Semitic Trolling 34 White supremacist platforms are weaponizing lists of Jews and creating fake profiles.

Vanguard News Network – August 2019

Fake Jewish Profiles – 4chan & – August 2019

List of Progressive Jews – 4chan & Twitter – July 2019 White Supremacist Propaganda and Rallies 35 White supremacist propaganda nearly doubled on college campuses during the 2017- 2018 academic year. White supremacists are increasingly targeting public spaces.

At least 72 incidents in Colorado in 2018 – Half of incidents in Aug./Sept. – Identity Evropa/Patriot Front

At least 24 incidents in Colorado in 2019

Thirteen college campuses targeted during ‘18-’19 school yr., including UCD

Fliers, banner drops, rallies Examples: Fliers 36 Examples: Rallies 37 Examples: Turning Point USA Rally, Feb. 2018, CSU 38 Hate Crimes 2018 Colorado Hate Crimes 40

August 2019 report from the Colorado Bureau of Investigation:

139 reported hate crimes in 2018 in Colorado; 96 in 2017

24 cases of religion-based bias, 15 against Jews/Jewish institutions What Is a Hate Crime? A hate crime is ■ Criminal act ■ Against person or property ■ Victim is intentionally selected ■ Because of the victim’s actual or perceived: Race Religion Disability National Origin Gender Identity Sexual Orientation Gender Immutable Characteristics Religion Race

Nationality Ethnicity Gender

Gender Identity Sexual Orientation

Disability Hate Crime Quiz

Q: The largest category of hate crime offenses reported to the FBI in 2017 were based on… A. Race/Ethnicity B. Religion C. Sexual Orientation D. Gender Identity E. Disability Hate Crime Quiz

Q: The largest category of hate crime offenses reported in the FBI in 2017 were based on… A. Race/Ethnicity - Racial bias accounted for 57.6% of all single-bias hate crimes in 2017 B. Religion C. Sexual Orientation D. Gender Identity E. Disability Hate Crime Quiz

Q: What percentage of the LGBT population lives in states that have hate crimes laws covering sexual orientation and gender identity? A. 40% B. 53% C. 75% D. 24% Hate Crime Quiz

Q: What percentage of the LGBT population lives in states that have hate crimes laws covering sexual orientation and gender identity? - 40% live in states that cover sexual A. 40% orientation and gender identity; 72% live in states that cover only sexual B. 53% orientation. Source: Movement Advancement Project C. 75% D. 24% Hate Crime Quiz

Q: Hate crimes motivated by religious bias account for 21.8% of all incidents reported in 2017. Which religion was targeted most? A. Islam B. Judaism C. Christianity D. Sikhism E. Atheism/Agnosticism Hate Crime Quiz

Q: Hate crimes motivated by religious bias account for 20.1% of all incidents reported in 2017. Which religion was targeted most? A. Islam - Anti-Jewish bias accounted for 60% B. Judaism of all hate crimes motivated by a religious bias in 2017 C. Christianity D. Sikh E. Atheism/Agnosticism Hate Crime Quiz

Q: True or False: Bias crimes are often perpetuated in groups? A. True A. True B. False Hate Crime Quiz

Q: True or False: Bias crimes are often perpetuated in groups? - Bias crimes are often perpetuated in groups A. True because: B. False 1. Diffusion of responsibility – no one person takes the blame 2. Groups seem to generate courage, particularly amongst those who fit the description of “cowardly”

*Note: groups tend to exacerbate the viciousness of the crime Hate Crime Law Overview of Hate Crimes Laws ➢ Number of States with Hate Crimes Laws? - 46 states & the District of Columbia

- 5 states without laws: AR, GA, IN, SC & WY ➢ Most Recently Enacted Federal Law - 2009 Hate Crimes Prevention Act ➢ Working Definition - A felony or misdemeanor motivated in whole or in part by hate, bias or bigotry ➢ Requires underlying crime Colorado Statute Bias-Motivated Crimes C.R.S. § 18-9-121

Colorado Statute uses the words “ancestry” and “color” instead of ethnicity. Colorado Statute does not include gender.

Bias-Motivated Harassment Statute C.R.S. § 18-9-111 Hate Crimes 55 Hate crimes increased in 2015 through 2017 after a ten-year declining trend.

Nationwide: 7,175 incidents in 2017; 6,121 incidents in 2016; 5,850 in 2015.

Colorado: 106 incidents in 2017; 104 incidents in 2016; 107 incidents in 2015

Three largest categories: race-based, religion-based, sexual-orientation based hate crimes 2017 FBI Uniform Crime Report (UCR) 56

2017 2016 Total Reported Incidents 7,175 6,121

Racial Bias/Ethnicity/Nat’l Origin 4,131 3,498 Anti-Black 2,013 1,739 Anti-White 741 720 Anti-Native American 251 154 Anti-Hispanic 427 344

Sexual Orientation 1,130 1,076

Gender Identity 119 124

Religion 1,564 1,273 Anti-Jewish 938 684 Anti-Islamic 273 307 Anti-Catholic 73 62

Disability 116 70 2017 Reported Colorado Hate Crimes 57 2017 2016

Race/Ethnicity 61 67

Sexual Orientation 18 23

Religion 26 19

Gender Identity 1 0

Disability 1 0 H.E.A.T. Map Hate, Extremism, Anti-Semitism, Terrorism A World of Difference® Institute

PYRAMID OF HATE A World of Difference® Institute

PYRAMID OF HATE

BIASED Stereotyping, Insensitive Remarks, Fear of Differences, Non-Inclusive ATTITUDES Language, Microaggressions A World of Difference® Institute

PYRAMID OF HATE

Bullying, Ridicule, Name-calling, Slurs/ ACTS OF Epithets, Social Avoidance, and De- BIAS humanization, Biased/Belittling Jokes

BIASED Stereotyping, Insensitive Remarks, Fear of Differences, Non-Inclusive ATTITUDES Language, Microaggressions A World of Difference® Institute

PYRAMID OF HATE

Economic, Political, Educational, DISCRIMINATION Employment, Housing & Segregation, Criminal justice disparities

Bullying, Ridicule, Name-calling, Slurs/ ACTS OF Epithets, Social Avoidance, and De- BIAS humanization, Biased/Belittling Jokes

BIASED Stereotyping, Insensitive Remarks, Fear of Differences, Non-Inclusive ATTITUDES Language, Microaggressions A World of Difference® Institute

PYRAMID OF HATE

BIASED MOTIVATED Murder, Rape, Assault, Arson, Terrorism, VIOLENCE Vandalism, Desecration, Threats

Economic, Political, Educational, DISCRIMINATION Employment, Housing & Segregation, Criminal justice disparities

Bullying, Ridicule, Name-calling, Slurs/ ACTS OF Epithets, Social Avoidance, and De- BIAS humanization, Biased/Belittling Jokes

BIASED Stereotyping, Insensitive Remarks, Fear of Differences, Non-Inclusive ATTITUDES Language, Microaggressions A World of Difference® Institute

PYRAMID OF HATE

The act or intent to deliberately and GENOCIDE systematically annihilate an entire people

BIASED MOTIVATED Murder, Rape, Assault, Arson, Terrorism, VIOLENCE Vandalism, Desecration, Threats

Economic, Political, Educational, DISCRIMINATION Employment, Housing & Segregation, Criminal justice disparities

Bullying, Ridicule, Name-calling, Slurs/ ACTS OF Epithets, Social Avoidance, and De- BIAS humanization, Biased/Belittling Jokes

BIASED Stereotyping, Insensitive Remarks, Fear of Differences, Non-Inclusive ATTITUDES Language, Microaggressions What is ADL Doing? 65

Education

Words to Action; No Place for Hate®

Public Policy

Domestic terrorism; NO HATE Act; cyber hate (Backspace Hate Initiative)

Boulder Municipal Hate Crime Ordinance

Law Enforcement Partnerships

Attorney General

Boulder District Attorney

Trainings

Coalition Building Colorado Coalition Against Hate 66

American Civil Liberties Union of Colorado (ACLU-CO) American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) Anti-Defamation League Mountain States Region (ADL) Asian Pacific Development Center The Center on Colfax Colorado Cross-Disability Coalition Colorado Immigrant Rights Coalition (CIRC) Colorado Latino Leadership, Advocacy & Research Organization (CLLARO) Colorado Resilience Collaborative Colorado Sikhs Interfaith Alliance of Colorado Matthew Shepard Foundation Meet the Middle East Multicultural Mosaic Foundation NAACP – Aurora Branch NAACP CO-MT-WY State Conference One Colorado Out Boulder County What More Can Be Done? 67

Use the bully pulpit

Increase government transparency and understanding

Resource to the threat

Better information sharing between public/private sectors

Invest in prevention

Consider the necessity and feasibility of a criminal domestic terrorism statute

Additional legislation

Urge technology companies to be a more robust part of the solution Thank you

“ADL” and “Fighting Hate for Good” are trademarks of the Anti-Defamation League.