Low-Flow Characteristics of Kentucky Streams
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Guide to Historic Sites in Kentucky
AMERICAN HERITAGE TRAVELER HERITAGE Guide t o Historic Sites in Kentucky By Molly Marcot Two historic trails, the Wilderness Bull Nelson on the site of this 62-acre Civil War Road and Boone’s Trace, began here park. The grounds contain the 1825 Battlefields and Coal and were traveled by more than 200,000 Pleasant View house, which became settlers between 1775 and 1818. In a Confederate hospital after the battle, 1. Middle Creek nearby London, the Mountain Life slave quarters, and walking trails. One National Battlefield Museum features a recreated 19th- mile north is the visitors center in the On this site in early 1862, volunteer Union century village with seven buildings, 1811 Rogers House, with displays that soldiers led by future president Col. James such as the loom house and barn, include a laser-operated aerial map of Garfield forced Brig. Gen. Humphrey which feature 18th-century pioneer the battle and a collection of 19th- Marshall’s 2,500 Confederates from the tools, rifles, and farm equipment. century guns. (859) 624-0013 or forks of Middle Creek and back to McHargue’s Mill, a half-mile south, visitorcenter.madisoncountyky.us/index.php Virginia. The 450-acre park hosts battle first began operating in 1817. Visitors reenactments during September. Two half- can watch cornmeal being ground and see mile trail loops of the original armies’ posi - more than 50 millstones. (606) 330-2130 Lexington Plantations tions provide views of Kentucky valleys. parks.ky.gov/findparks/recparks/lj www.middlecreek.org or and (606) 886-1341 or Bluegrass ) T H G I 4. -
Barren River Lake Tailwater 2 Mi
Lake or Pond LAKE INSET National River, Stream MAP Wildlife or Creek Reserve State Capitol BOAT RAMP See LAKE Creek LAKE or Rive or LAKE r County Seat Wildlife POND FRANKFORT ACCESS SITE 33 InsetInset Management NWR Area Inez State Road WMA 89 U.S. Highway U.S. Military 420 TROUT 3D Base Licking Big U.S. Interstate STREAM Lower River Sandy 64 Parkway Salt KY p.38+39 & River Little PKWY State River State p.22+23 SALT Nature Forest National p.18+19 Sandy Preserve Park State SF Rivers Lock & Dam RIV Park SNP NP ER SP Lower Upper p.42+43 State USFS Resort SRP Green KY Proclamation Park Area SNA River River State SHS Upper County or Natural p.8+9 p.26+27 State Line Area Green State Tennessee, Upper Historic FORT KNOX Site Lower Cumberland, River Cumberland Rol Tradewater & Mississippi p.12+13 p.30+31 ling Rivers p.2+3 0 50 100 Approx. Scale in Miles: 313 313 220 434 220 251 Hardin 3005 Cedar 920 Glade SNA Jim Scudder Elizabethtown 86 SNP Dowell SNA HARDIN Rough River er Dam SRP 84 222 iv R ROUGH RIVER LAKE Hodgenville gh ou R r e ROUGH v i RIVER R 878 LAKE 84 WMA 62 54 LAR 736 357 Leitchfield n GRAYSON li o N 224 224 224 62 88 226 479 3H 31W NOLIN LAKE See 31E 79 WMA NOLIN 728 340 RIVER HART 357 185 NOLIN RIVER Lake Mean lor de LAKE 65 569 y rs LAKE a LAKE T / r e v i iver R Nolin 21 R n e 187 Lake Inset e r G SP 238 p. -
General Geological Information for the Tri-States of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee
General Geological Information for the Tri-States Of Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee Southeastern Geological Society (SEGS) Field Trip to Pound Gap Road Cut U.S. Highway 23 Letcher County, Kentucky September 28 and 29, 2001 Guidebook Number 41 Summaries Prepared by: Bruce A. Rodgers, PG. SEGS Vice President 2001 Southeastern Geological Society (SEGS) Guidebook Number 41 September 2001 Page 1 Table of Contents Section 1 P HYSIOGRAPHIC P ROVINCES OF THE R EGION Appalachian Plateau Province Ridge and Valley Province Blue Ridge Province Other Provinces of Kentucky Other Provinces of Virginia Section 2 R EGIONAL G EOLOGIC S TRUCTURE Kentucky’s Structural Setting Section 3 M INERAL R ESOURCES OF THE R EGION Virginia’s Geological Mineral and Mineral Fuel Resources Tennessee’s Geological Mineral and Mineral Fuel Resources Kentucky’s Geological Mineral and Mineral Fuel Resources Section 4 G ENERAL I NFORMATION ON C OAL R ESOURCES OF THE R EGION Coal Wisdom Section 5 A CTIVITIES I NCIDENTAL TO C OAL M INING After the Coal is Mined - Benefaction, Quality Control, Transportation and Reclamation Section 6 G ENERAL I NFORMATION ON O IL AND NATURAL G AS R ESOURCES IN THE R EGION Oil and Natural Gas Enlightenment Section 7 E XPOSED UPPER P ALEOZOIC R OCKS OF THE R EGION Carboniferous Systems Southeastern Geological Society (SEGS) Guidebook Number 41 September 2001 Page i Section 8 R EGIONAL G ROUND W ATER R ESOURCES Hydrology of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field Region Section 9 P INE M OUNTAIN T HRUST S HEET Geology and Historical Significance of the -
Evaluating the Influences of Karst Hydrogeology on Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms in Kentucky Lakes Robert T
Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Masters Theses & Specialist Projects Graduate School Summer 2016 Evaluating the Influences of Karst Hydrogeology on Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms in Kentucky Lakes Robert T. Schaefer Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses Part of the Geochemistry Commons, Geology Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Schaefer, Robert T., "Evaluating the Influences of Karst Hydrogeology on Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms in Kentucky Lakes" (2016). Masters Theses & Specialist Projects. Paper 1619. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1619 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses & Specialist Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EVALUATING THE INFLUENCES OF KARST HYDROGEOLOGY ON FRESHWATER HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS IN KENTUCKY LAKES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Geography and Geology Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Robert T. Schaefer III August 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Completing this thesis, and, to a large extent, graduate school in general, to say the least, has been a journey. Journeys are often fraught with heartache and hardship, but they are also full of fun and excitement, and this adventure was no different. I was fortunate enough to be surrounded with a group of amazing friends and a mentor without whom this thesis would not have been possible. It was through this journey that I learned that the completion of a thesis, and graduate school survival, is not a feat completed by an individual alone, but by a group effort propelling an individual to a singular goal. -
Bluegrass Region Is Bounded by the Knobs on the West, South, and East, and by the Ohio River in the North
BOONE Bluegrass KENTONCAMPBELL Region GALLATIN PENDLETON CARROLL BRACKEN GRANT Inner Bluegrass TRIMBLE MASON Bluegrass Hills OWEN ROBERTSON LEWIS HENRY HARRISON Outer Bluegrass OLDHAM FLEMING NICHOLAS Knobs and Shale SCOTT FRANKLIN SHELBY BOURBON Alluvium JEFFERSON BATH Sinkholes SPENCER FAYETTE MONTGOMERY ANDERSONWOODFORD BULLITT CLARK JESSAMINE NELSON MERCER POWELL WASHINGTON MADISON ESTILL GARRARD BOYLE MARION LINCOLN The Bluegrass Region is bounded by the Knobs on the west, south, and east, and by the Ohio River in the north. Bedrock in most of the region is composed of Ordovician limestones and shales 450 million years old. Younger Devonian, Silurian, and Mississippian shales and limestones form the Knobs Region. Much of the Ordovician strata lie buried beneath the surface. The oldest rocks at the surface in Kentucky are exposed along the Palisades of the Kentucky River. Limestones are quarried or mined throughout the region for use in construction. Water from limestone springs is bottled and sold. The black shales are a potential source of oil. The Bluegrass, the first region settled by Europeans, includes about 25 percent of Kentucky. Over 50 percent of all Kentuckians live there an average 190 people per square mile, ranging from 1,750 people per square mile in Jefferson County to 23 people per square mile in Robertson County. The Inner Blue Grass is characterized by rich, fertile phosphatic soils, which are perfect for raising thoroughbred horses. The gently rolling topography is caused by the weathering of limestone that is typical of the Ordovician strata of central Kentucky, pushed up along the Cincinnati Arch. Weathering of the limestone also produces sinkholes, sinking streams, springs, caves, and soils. -
Historic American Building Survey
US 421 MILTON-MADISON BRIDGE (KY-NBI NO.: 112B00001N) HAER KY-53 (US 421 Madison-Milton Bridge (IN-NBI No.: 32005)) HAER KY-53 (Indiana State Highway Bridge #421-39-6003) US 421 spanning the Ohio River between Milton, KY & Madison, IN Milton Trimble County Kentucky PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA FIELD RECORDS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD MIDWEST REGIONAL OFFICE National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 601 Riverfront Drive Omaha, NE 68102 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD U.S. 421 MILTON-MADISON BRIDGE (KY-NBI No. 112B00001N) HAER NO. KY-53 Location: Spanning the Ohio River via U.S. 421, between Milton, Trimble County, Kentucky (KY), and Madison, Jefferson County, Indiana (IN) UTM: Zone 16 Northing 641694 Easting 4287948 QUAD: Madison East, KY 1973, revised 1978 Date of Construction: 1929 Engineer: J. G. White Engineering Corporation, New York, New York Builder: Mount Vernon Bridge Company, Mount Vernon, Ohio and Vang Construction, Maryland Present Owner: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and Indiana Department of Transportation Present Use: Vehicular bridge connecting Milton, Trimble County, Kentucky (KY) to Madison, Jefferson County, Indiana (IN) via U.S. 421 Significance: The U.S. 421 Milton-Madison Bridge is considered eligible by both the Kentucky State Historic Preservation Officer (KY SHPO) and the Indiana State Historic Preservation Officer (IN SHPO) for the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion C for its type and design and also under Criterion A for its association with early twentieth century truss bridge construction practices. U.S. 421 MILTON-MADISON BRIDGE HAER No. KY-53 Page 2 Project Information: The U.S. -
Green River Blueways Water Trail Master Plan Is to Seek Official Designation As a National Water Trails System
Green River Blueways Water Trail Master Plan Prepared by Barren River Area Development District with the assistance of the National Park Service Rivers, Trails & Conservation Assistance Program. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ………………………….…………………………………………………………………….….…………..…….….….…………...4 National Water Trails System Designation …………………………………………………………………………………….….…….5 About the Area……………………………………………………………….……………………………….………………..………..…….......6 Locks and Dams …………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….……….……….7 Natural Environment …………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……10 Mammoth Cave National Park ………………………………………………………………………………………………….......11 International Significance of the Mammoth Cave National Park Area …………………………………………….12 Attractions and Recreational Opportunities …………………………….………………….………………..……………….13 Population ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………… 13 Economy ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….14 Health Conditions …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….…14 Active Initiatives in the Area …………………………………………………………….………….……………………………………….16 Trail Towns …………………………………………………………………………….……………….……………………………………..16 Cave Country Trails Initiative ………………………………………………………………….………………………………………16 Green River Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program …………………….……………………………..……….18 Planning Process ………………..…………………………………………………………….………….……………………………………….20 Economic Opportunity ….…………………………………………………………..………….………………………………….......20 Health Benefits ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….…….22 Health Communities, -
Catalog of Hydrologic Units in Kentucky
James C. Cobb, State Director and Geologist Kentucky Geological Survey UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY CATALOG OF HYDROLOGIC UNITS IN KENTUCKY Daniel I. Carey 2003 CONTENTS HYDROLOGIC UNITS.............................................................................................................................................................................4 Ohio River Basin - Region 05 (38,080 sq. mi.)..........................................................................................................................................5 Big Sandy River Basin - Subregion 0507 (2,290 sq. mi.) ......................................................................................................................5 Big Sandy River - Accounting Unit 050702 (2,290 sq. mi.)...........................................................................................................5 Big Sandy River - Catalog Unit 05070201 (478 sq. mi.) ..............................................................................................................5 Upper Levisa Fork - Catalog Unit 05070202 (359 sq. mi.).........................................................................................................7 Levisa Fork - Catalog Unit 05070203 (1,116 sq. mi.)...............................................................................................................12 Big Sandy River, Blaine Creek - Catalog Unit 05070204 (337 sq. mi.).......................................................................................18 Tygarts Creek, Little Sandy River, -
Bird Conservation Planning in the Interior Low Plateaus
Bird Conservation Planning in the Interior Low Plateaus Robert P. Ford Michael D. Roedel Abstract—The Interior Low Plateaus (ILP) is a 12,000,000 ha area has been dominated historically by oak-hickory forests, physiographic province that includes middle Kentucky, middle with areas of rock outcrops and glade habitats, prairies, and Tennessee, and northern Alabama. Spatial analysis of Breeding barrens (Martin and others 1993). All habitats now are highly Bird Atlas data has been used to determine relationships between fragmented. Currently, this project includes only Kentucky, the nature of high priority bird communities and broad features of Tennessee, and Alabama; the remainder of the ILP will be the habitat. A standardized vegetation classification using satellite incorporated later. Distinct subdivisions within the current imagery, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), GAP Analysis, scope of the project include the Bluegrass region and Shawnee and Breeding Bird Atlas data, were used to develop landscape-level Hills in Kentucky; the Western Highland Rim, Eastern High- habitat models for the ILP. The objectives of this effort were to: (1) land Rim, and Central Basin of Tennessee; and the Tennessee identify centers of abundance for species and/or species assem- River Valley of Alabama (fig. 1). These subdivisions serve as blages within the ILP, (2) identify and prioritize areas for potential distinct conservation planning units. About 95% of the land acquisition and/or public-private partnerships for conservation, (3) base consists of non-industrial forest lands, open lands for identify areas with the highest potential for restoration of degraded agriculture (pasture), and urban areas. Public lands and habitats, (4) identify specific lands managed by project cooperators lands managed by the forest products industry make up less where integration of nesting songbird management is a high prior- than 5% of the total area (Vissage and Duncan 1990). -
Floods of March 1964 Along the Ohio River
Floods of March 1964 Along the Ohio River GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1840-A Prepared in cooperation with the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and with agencies of the Federal Government Floods of March 1964 Along the Ohio River By H. C. BEABER and J. O. ROSTVEDT FLOODS OF 1964 IN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1840-A Prepared in cooperation with the States of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, and with agencies of the Federal Government UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 65 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Abstract ------------------------------------------------------- Al Introduction.______-_-______--_____--__--_--___-_--__-_-__-__-____ 1 The storms.__---_------------__------------------------_----_--_- 6 The floods.___-__.______--____-._____.__ ._-__-.....__._____ 8 Pennsylvania.. _._-.------._-_-----___-__---_-___-_--_ ..___ 8 West Virginia.--.-._____--_--____--_-----_-----_---__--_-_-__- 11 Ohio.-.------.---_-_-_.__--_-._---__.____.-__._--..____ 11 Muskingum River basin._---___-__---___---________________ 11 Hocking River basin_______________________________________ 12 Scioto River basin______.__________________________________ 13 Little Miami River basin.__-____-_.___._-._____________.__. 13 Kentucky._.__.___.___---___----_------_--_-______-___-_-_-__ -
Ecoregions of Kentucky
Summary Table: Characteristics of the Ecoregions of Kentucky 6 8 . SOUTHWESTERN APPALACHIANS 7 1 . INTERIOR PLATEAU (continued) * * Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Vegetation / Land Cover and Land Use Level IV Ecoregion Physiography Geology Soil Climate Potential Natural Vegetation / Land Cover and Land Use Present Vegetation Present Vegetation Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature *Source: Küchler, 1964 Area Elevation/ Surficial and Bedrock Order (Great Group) Common Soil Series Temperature/ Precipitation Frost Free Mean Temperature * (square Local Relief Moisture Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; (square Local Relief Moisture Mean annual Mean annual January min/max; Source: Küchler, 1964 o miles) (feet) Regimes (inches) (days) July min/max ( F) miles) (feet) Regimes (inches) (days) July min/max (oF) 68a. Cumberland 607 Unglaciated. Open low hills, ridges, 980-1500/ Quaternary colluvium and alluvium. Ultisols (Hapludults). Shelocta, Gilpin, Latham, Mesic/ 47-51 170-185 23/46; Mixed mesophytic forest; American chestnut was a former dominant Mostly forest or reverting to forest. Also some 71d. Outer 4707 Glaciated in north. Rolling to hilly upland 382-1100/ Quaternary alluvium, loess, and in Mostly Alfisols Mostly Lowell, Cynthiana, Mesic/ 38-48. 160-210 20/45; Mostly oak–hickory forest. On Silurian dolomite: white oak stands Cropland, pastureland, woodland, military Plateau rolling uplands, and intervening valleys. 100-520 Mostly Pennsylvanian sandstone, shale, On floodplains: Entisols Muse, Clymer, Whitley, Udic. On 63/88 on drier sites/ On mesic sites: forests variously dominated by pastureland and limited cropland. Logging, Bluegrass containing small sinkholes, springs, 50-450 northernmost Kentucky, discontinuous (Hapludalfs, Fragiudalfs); Faywood, Beasley, Crider, Udic. -
Kentucky Landscapes Through Geologic Time Series XII, 2011 Daniel I
Kentucky Geological Survey James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director MAP AND CHART 200 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON Kentucky Landscapes Through Geologic Time Series XII, 2011 Daniel I. Carey Introduction The Ordovician Period Since Kentucky was covered by shallow The MississippianEarly Carboniferous Period 356 Ma Many types of sharks lived in Kentucky during the Mississippian; some had teeth for crinoid We now unders tand that the earth’s crust is broken up into a number of tropical seas du ring most of the Ordovician capturing swimming animals and others had teeth especially adapted for crushing and During most of the Ordovician, Kentucky was covered by shallow, tropical seas Period (Figs. 6–7), the fossils found in Sea Floor eating shellfish such as brachiopods, clams, crinoids, and cephalopods (Fig. 23). plates, some of continental size, and that these plates have been moving— (Fig. 4). Limestones, dolomites, and shales were formed at this time. The oldest rocks Kentucky's Ordovician rocks are marine (sea- Spreading Ridge Siberia centimeters a year—throughout geologic history, driven by the internal heat exposed at the surface in Kentucky are the hard limestones of the Camp Nelson dwelling) invertebrates. Common Ordovician bryozoan crinoid, Culmicrinus horn PANTHALASSIC OCEAN Ural Mts. Kazakstania of the earth. This movement creates our mountain chains, earthquakes, Limestone (Middle Ordovician age) (Fig. 5), found along the Kentucky River gorge in fossils found in Kentucky include sponges (of North China crinoid, corals crinoid, central Kentucky between Boonesboro and Frankfort. Older rocks are present in the Rhopocrinus geologic faults, and volcanoes. The theory of plate tectonics (from the Greek, the phylum Porifera), corals (phylum Cnidaria), cephalopod, PALEO- South China Rhopocrinus subsurface, but can be seen only in drill cuttings and cores acquired from oil and gas North America tektonikos: pertaining to building) attemp ts to describe the process and helps bryozoans, brachiopods (Fig.