DOCSLIB.ORG

Overview of the Hydrogeology of the Adelaide Metropolitan Area

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overview of the Hydrogeology of the Adelaide Metropolitan Area DWLBC REPORT Overview of the hydrogeology of the Adelaide metropolitan area. 2006/10 Overview of the hydrogeology of the Adelaide metropolitan area Nabil Gerges Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation June 2006 Report DWLBC 2006/10 Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au Disclaimer Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2006 This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. ISBN 1 921218 10 X Preferred way to cite this publication Gerges, N., 2006. Overview of the hydrogeology of the Adelaide metropolitan area. South Australia. Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. DWLBC Report 2006/10. This document was first produced in 1996. It remains relevant today and is often requested as a reference. Hence, DWLBC are releasing the original version as a public document. FOREWORD South Australia’s unique and precious natural resources are fundamental to the economic and social wellbeing of the State. It is critical that these resources are managed in a sustainable manner to safeguard them both for current users and for future generations. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) strives to ensure that our natural resources are managed so that they are available for all users, including the environment. In order for us to best manage these natural resources it is imperative that we have a sound knowledge of their condition and how they are likely to respond to management changes. DWLBC scientific and technical staff continues to improve this knowledge through undertaking investigations, technical reviews and resource modelling. Rob Freeman CHIEF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF WATER, LAND AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Report DWLBC 2006/10 i Overview of the hydrogeology of the Adelaide metropolitan area CONTENTS FOREWORD.............................................................................................................................i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................................1 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................3 2. AIM AND OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................5 3. METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................................6 4. RESULTS.........................................................................................................................7 5. DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................................8 6. SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................9 6.1 HYDROGEOLOGICAL ZONES................................................................................9 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................11 7.1 FIRST QUATERNARY AQUIFER (Q1) ..................................................................11 7.1.1 Salinity ........................................................................................................................... 11 7.1.2 Potentiometric surface and groundwater flow ............................................................... 12 7.1.3 Water level fluctuations and changes............................................................................ 12 7.2 SECOND QUATERNARY AQUIFER (Q2) .............................................................13 7.2.1 Salinity ........................................................................................................................... 13 7.2.2 Potentiometric surface and groundwater flow ............................................................... 13 7.2.3 Head difference between Q1 and Q2 aquifers .............................................................. 14 7.3 THIRD QUATERNARY AQUIFER (Q3)..................................................................14 7.3.1 Salinity ........................................................................................................................... 14 7.3.2 Potentiometric surface and groundwater flow ............................................................... 14 7.4 FOURTH QUATERNARY AQUIFER (Q4)..............................................................15 7.4.1 SALINITY....................................................................................................................... 15 7.4.2 Potentiometric surface, groundwater flow and seasonal fluctuations ........................... 15 7.5 FIFTH QUATERNARY AQUIFER (Q5) ..................................................................16 7.5.1 Salinity ........................................................................................................................... 16 7.5.2 Potentiometric surface and groundwater flow ............................................................... 16 7.5.3 Water level decline and seasonal fluctuations .............................................................. 16 7.6 SIXTH QUATERNARY AQUIFER (Q6)..................................................................17 7.6.1 Salinity ........................................................................................................................... 17 7.7 QUATERNARY AQUIFER CONFINING BEDS......................................................17 7.8 QUATERNARY AQUIFER HEAD RELATIONSHIPS.............................................18 7.8.1 Historic head relationships ............................................................................................ 18 7.8.2 Present day head relationships ..................................................................................... 18 Report DWLBC 2006/10 iii Overview of the hydrogeology of the Adelaide metropolitan area CONTENTS 7.9 OUTFLOW FROM QUATERNARY AQUIFERS.....................................................19 7.9.1 Historic outflow .............................................................................................................. 19 7.9.2 Present day outflow ....................................................................................................... 20 8. TERTIARY AQUIFERS..................................................................................................21 8.1 FIRST TERTIARY AQUIFER (T1)..........................................................................21 8.1.1 Historic salinity distribution in the first Tertiary aquifer .................................................. 25 8.1.2 Recharge and flow mechanisms ................................................................................... 26 8.1.3 Pre-development historic potentiometric surface and groundwater flow....................... 27 8.1.4 Summary of historic salinity and potentiometric surface ............................................... 28 8.1.5 Groundwater extraction ................................................................................................. 29 8.1.6 Historic potentiometric surface development and pumpage ......................................... 29 8.1.7 Present day potentiometric surface development and pumpage .................................. 31 8.1.8 Summary of potentiometric surfaces............................................................................. 34 8.1.9 Changes in water level .................................................................................................. 35 8.1.10 Annual changes in present day cone of depression west of Adelaide.......................... 36 8.1.11 Long term changes in size of area of influence due to pumping................................... 36 8.1.12 Summary of water level changes .................................................................................. 37 8.1.13 First Tertiary aquifer parameters ................................................................................... 37 8.2 SECOND TERTIARY AQUIFER (T2).....................................................................38 8.2.1 Historic potentiometric surface ...................................................................................... 39 8.2.2 Present day pumpage and potentiometric surface........................................................ 40 8.2.3 Changes in water level and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity
    Biodiversity KEY5 FACTS as hunting), as pasture grasses or as aquarium species Introduced (in the case of some marine species). They have also • Introduced species are been introduced accidentally, such as in shipments of recognised as a leading Species imported grain or in ballast water. cause of biodiversity loss Introduced plants, or weeds, can invade and world-wide. compete with native plant species for space, light, Trends water and nutrients and because of their rapid growth rates they can quickly smother native vegetation. • Rabbit numbers: a DECLINE since Similarly to weeds, many introduced animals compete introduction of Rabbit Haemorrhagic with and predate on native animals and impact on Disease (RHD, also known as calicivirus) native vegetation. They have high reproductive rates although the extent of the decline varies and can tolerate a wide range of habitats. As a result across the State. they often establish populations very quickly. •Fox numbers: DOWN in high priority Weeds can provide shelter for pest animals, conservation areas due to large-scale although they can provide food for or become habitat baiting programs; STILL A PROBLEM in for native animals. Blackberry, for example, is an ideal other parts of the State. habitat for the threatened Southern Brown Bandicoot. This illustrates the complexity of issues associated •Feral camel and deer numbers: UP. with pest control and highlights the need for control •Feral goat numbers: DECLINING across measures to have considered specific conservation Weed affected land – Mount Lofty Ranges the State. outcomes to be undertaken over time and to be Photo: Kym Nicolson •Feral pig numbers: UNKNOWN.
    [Show full text]
  • The River Torrens—Friend and Foe Part 2
    The River Torrens—friend and foe Part 2: The river as an obstacle to be crossed RICHARD VENUS Richard Venus BTech, BA, GradCertArchaeol, MIE Aust is a retired electrical engineer who now pursues his interest in forensic heritology, researching and writing about South Australia’s engineering heritage. He is Chairman of Engineering Heritage South Australia and Vice President of the History Council of South Australia. His email is [email protected] Beginnings In Part 1 we looked the River Torrens as a friend—a source of water vital to the establishment of the new settlement. However, in common with so many other European settlements, the developing community very quickly polluted its own water supply and another source had to be found. This was still the River Torrens but the water was collected in the Torrens Gorge, about 13 kilometres north-east of the City, and piped down Payneham Road to the Valve House in the East Parklands. Water from this source was first made available in December 1860 as reported in the South Australian Advertiser on 26 December. The significant challenge presented by the Torrens was getting across it. In summer, when the river was little more than a series of pools, you could just walk across. However, there must have been a significant body of water somewhere – probably in the vicinity of today’s weir – because in July 1838 tenders were called ‘For the rent for six months of the small punt on the Torrens for foot passengers, for each of whom a toll of one penny will be authorised to be charged from day-light to dark, and two pence after dark’ (Register 28 July).
    [Show full text]
  • Adelaide Plains Council Strategic Plan 2020-2024
    Adelaide Plains Council Strategic Plan 2020-2024 Proprietary Information Statement The information contained in this document produced by Holmes Dyer Pty Ltd is solely for the use of the Client identified on the coversheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and Holmes Dyer Pty Ltd takes no responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. Document Control Revision Description Author Date v6 Draft for public notice CWS BC 12.11.2020 v7 Draft for public notice PCWS BC 19.11.2020 v8 Draft for public notice AFB BC 24.11.2020 v9 Draft for public notice FFB BC 24.11.2020 Final For Adoption BC 13.01.2021 ii 01_ Foreward Page 1 02_ Our Shared Vision Page 5 03_ Our Shared Context Page 9 04_ Our Shared Approach Page 21 05_ Review and Monitor Page 33 1 01 FOREWARD A message from the Mayor As newly elected representatives of the Adelaide Plains Community we come together at a time of significant opportunities and challenges for the Council. These opportunities and challenges will frame our approach and shape our priorities for Adelaide Plains to 2024. Our Community Our Environments We are beginning to experience population growth which could We are fortunate to be custodians of a globally significant and peak at over 300 new people joining our community each year - intact remnant coastal habitat that has the dual economic long into the future. Growth can put pressure on infrastructure function of providing a major natural tourism asset and a nursery and generate demand for services and facilities that exceeds function supporting the sustainability of commercial fisheries.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Baseline Survey of the Fish Assemblage of Warriparinga Wetland and the Adjacent Sturt River- Implications for Native and Invasive Fish Species Management
    2011 baseline survey of the fish assemblage of Warriparinga Wetland and the adjacent Sturt River- implications for native and invasive fish species management Leigh Thwaites and Josh Fredberg SARDI Publication No. F2011/000520-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 596 SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 January 2012 A summary report for the Marion City Council A summary report for the Marion City Council 2011 baseline survey of the fish assemblage of Warriparinga Wetland and the adjacent Sturt River- implications for native and invasive fish species management A summary report for the Marion City Council Leigh Thwaites and Josh Fredberg SARDI Publication No. F2011/000520-1 SARDI Research Report Series No. 596 January 2012 This publication may be cited as: Thwaites, L. A. and Fredberg, J. F (2012). 2011 baseline survey of the fish assemblage of Warriparinga Wetland and the adjacent Sturt River- implications for native and invasive fish species management. A summary report for the Marion City Council. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2011/000520-1. SARDI Research Report Series No. 596. 30pp. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au DISCLAIMER The authors warrant that they have taken all reasonable care in producing this report. The report has been through the SARDI Aquatic Sciences internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Chief, Aquatic Sciences. Although all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure quality, SARDI Aquatic Sciences does not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 the SOUTH-WEST CORNER of QUEENSLAND. (By S
    100 THE SOUTH-WEST CORNER OF QUEENSLAND. (By S. E. PEARSON). (Read at a meeting of the Historical Society of Queensland, August 27, 1937). On a clear day, looking westward across the channels of the Mulligan River from the gravelly tableland behind Annandale Homestead, in south­ western Queensland, one may discern a long low line of drift-top sandhills. Round more than half the skyline the rim of earth may be likened to the ocean. There is no break in any part of the horizon; not a landmark, not a tree. Should anyone chance to stand on those gravelly rises when the sun was peeping above the eastem skyline they would witness a scene that would carry the mind at once to the far-flung horizons of the Sahara. In the sunrise that western region is overhung by rose-tinted haze, and in the valleys lie the purple shadows that are peculiar to the waste places of the earth. Those naked, drift- top sanddunes beyond the Mulligan mark the limit of human occupation. Washed crimson by the rising sun they are set Kke gleaming fangs in the desert's jaws. The Explorers. The first white men to penetrate that line of sand- dunes, in south-western Queensland, were Captain Charles Sturt and his party, in September, 1845. They had crossed the stony country that lies between the Cooper and the Diamantina—afterwards known as Sturt's Stony Desert; and afterwards, by the way, occupied in 1880, as fair cattle-grazing country, by the Broad brothers of Sydney (Andrew and James) under the run name of Goyder's Lagoon—and the ex­ plorers actually crossed the latter watercourse with­ out knowing it to be a river, for in that vicinity Sturt describes it as "a great earthy plain." For forty miles one meets with black, sundried soil and dismal wilted polygonum bushes in a dry season, and forty miles of hock-deep mud, water, and flowering swamp-plants in a wet one.
    [Show full text]
  • OPEN SPACE and PLACES for PEOPLE GRANT PROGRAM 2019/20 - Metropolitan Councils
    OPEN SPACE AND PLACES FOR PEOPLE GRANT PROGRAM 2019/20 - Metropolitan Councils OPEN SPACE AND PLACES FOR PEOPLE GRANT PROGRAM 2019/20 - Metropolitan Councils PROJECT NAME Whitmore Square/ Iparrityi Master Plan - Stage 1 Upgrade (City of Adelaide) COST AND FUNDING CONTRIBUTION Council contribution $1,400,000 Planning and Development Fund contribution $900,000 TOTAL PROJECT COST $2,300,000 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Council is seeking funding to deliver the first stage of the master plan to establish pleasant walking paths and extend the valued leafy character of the square from its centre to its edges. This project involves: Safety improvements to the northern tri-intersection at Morphett and Wright Streets. Greening and paths that frame the inner edges of the square. The Northern tri-intersection will commence first, followed by the greening and pedestrian connections. TIMELINE OF THE WORKS Construction work to begin May and be completed by December 2020. Masterplan perspective PROJECT NAME Moonta Street Upgrade (City of Adelaide) COST AND FUNDING CONTRIBUTION Contribution Source Amount Council contribution TBC Planning and Development Fund contribution $2,000,000 TOTAL PROJECT COST $4,000,000* PROJECT DESCRIPTION Council is seeking funding to establish Moonta Street as the next key linkage in connecting the Central Market to Riverbank Precinct through north-south road laneways. The project involves: • the installation of quality stone paving throughout and the installation of landscaping to position Moonta Street as a comfortable green promenade and a premium precinct for evening activity. TIMELINE OF WORKS • The first stage of this project is detailed design prior to any works on ground commencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Friends of Warriparinga Inc.PDF
    Submission Regarding the Proposed Planning Controls for Lot 707 (Marion Road, part of Laffer’s Triangle) under the proposed Planning and Design Code. 1. Introduction This submission is from the Friends of Warriparinga Inc, a volunteer group which was established nearly 30 years ago “…to protect and restore as far as possible the natural vegetation along the Sturt River and land adjacent in Warriparinga – Laffer’s Triangle; to promote the natural quality of the western portion, including the river, of Warriparinga- Laffer’s Triangle as an open space community resource; to act to improve the quality of water of the Sturt River; to preserve the Kaurna spirit of the area….”. A further objective is “…to protect the open space, ecological and heritage value of the entire triangle bordered by South, Marion and Sturt Roads”. Friends of Warriparinga (FOW) has undertaken work over these past 30 years on a volunteer basis in support of these objectives. It has lobbied for, and secured, the protection of this vitally important urban location, and has successfully restored this length of remnant river to its pre-1836 condition. This encouraged significant initiatives downstream, including the establishment of Warriparinga Wetlands, Oakland Wetlands and the river corridor between them. Together, these projects have broadened the scope and extent of this unique conservation initiative on the Adelaide Plains. Laffer’s Triangle, including Warriparinga and Lot 707, is the beginning of this stretch of river, and it is vitally important that it is protected. FOW is concerned that the proposed changes in planning controls for the Laffer’s Triangle area place the Sturt River and Warriparinga at risk of poorly managed developments, as the current protections will be reduced and expose the river and environment to increased environmental impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • South Australia State by Officers of Climate Change Department, Government of Gujarat: Understanding Climate Change Actions in South Australia Introduction Mr
    SA Visit Report – 2017 Visit Report Visit to South Australia State by Officers of Climate Change Department, Government of Gujarat: Understanding Climate Change actions in South Australia Introduction Mr. Mukesh Shah, Joint Secretary and Mr. Shwetal Shah, Technical Advisor of Climate Change Department visited Adelaide, South Australia during October 30 – November 01, 2017. The purpose of the visit was to understand to progress made by the South Australia in areas of climate change adaptation and mitigation. The Future Fund of the Climate Group, States and Regions Alliance provided support in accomplishing this visit and learning platform for emerging State partners. The visit was comprehensively planned and supported by the officers and associates of Government of South Australia. The major discussions and deliberation of the visit are given in this report. Day 1 – Interaction with the DEWNR team and Visit of Adelaide City The meeting with the DEWNR team was organized in the first half of the day 1, in this meeting primary introduction on the activities of South Australia was given by Ms. Julia Grant. The broad understanding of the South Australia’s DEWNR’s activities was given and how the planning is in place for the net zero emission by 2050 was also discussed. Mr. Shwetal Shah made presentation on Gujarat’s activities in Climate Change field along with an audio visual presentation of the major activities of the State of Gujarat in the field of Renewable Energy and the Climate Change adaptation. Dr Brita Pekarsky also made an interesting presentation with a comparison of the two states, which is highly varied in its population, land area and overall GHG emission, she also explained on details like how GHG emission is being reduced in South Australia since 1990 to the present day and how net zero GHG will be achieved by 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Groundwater Recharge Estimates for the Catchments of the Western Mount Lofty Ranges Prescribed Water Resources Area
    TECHNICAL NOTE 2008/16 Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation SUMMARY OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE ESTIMATES FOR THE CATCHMENTS OF THE WESTERN MOUNT LOFTY RANGES PRESCRIBED WATER RESOURCES AREA Graham Green and Dragana Zulfic November 2007 © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2008 This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. Disclaimer The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. ISBN 978-1-921218-81-1 Preferred way to cite this publication Green G & Zulfic D, 2008, Summary of groundwater recharge estimates for the catchments of the Western
    [Show full text]
  • Torrens Lake Update: Summer 2020–21
    Controlling blue-green algae in the lake has been most successful when releasing flows down the river – high flow rates, for a short duration, mix up and cool down the water – as well as benefiting the whole river system. Highbury Windsor Gardens Lochiel Park Catchment Monitoring Infrastructure Vale Park Felixstow management • Every 15 minutes, temperature, dissolved REMOVING LARGE ITEMS OF RUBBISH St Peters Flinders Park Adelaide oxygen and salinity, and weather conditions Adelaide • Gross pollutant traps on all stormwater Lockleys Hills • Removed over 3.5 tonnes Adelaide are measured from 3 permanent water of Carp directly entering the lake quality monitoring stations in the lake • Gross pollutant traps throughout • Erosion prevention and Gulf St • Twice weekly water quality monitoring the catchment, including on First, Vincent riverbank planting at 7 locations over summer Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth creeks • Woody weed removal + capturing over 5000 tonnes in the last • Weekly water quality monitoring along replanting with native two years the river – including the sea at the outlet plants along linear park • Floating boom on the river in St Peters • Twice yearly fish monitoring along the • Over 15,000 native aquatic river and around the lake MINIMISING NUTRIENTS IN THE LAKE plants placed in the lake • Duck feeding station in the lake closed • Regular dredging of the lake, • Aquatic plants added to take up nutrients 3 with over 3000m removed • Floating wetlands (aquatic plants grown on a floating platform) in 2017 being trialled
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development
    DWLBC REPORT Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development 2007/09 Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development Kim Teoh Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation January 2006 Report DWLBC 2007/09 Knowledge and Information Division Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 25 Grenfell Street, Adelaide GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au Disclaimer Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. © Government of South Australia, through the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation 2007 This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission obtained from the Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be directed to the Chief Executive, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation, GPO Box 2834, Adelaide SA 5001. ISBN-13 978-1-921218-45-3 Preferred way to cite this publication Teoh, K 2006, Assessment of Surface Water Resources of Patawalonga Catchment and the Impact of Farm Dam Development.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystem Condition Reports
    Water quality Information Sheet Aquatic ecosystem condition reports 2011 panel assessment of creeks and rivers in the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges NRM region Issued September 2012 EPA984/12: This information sheet describes the outcome of the panel assessment of creeks and rivers in the Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges, NRM region based on monitoring data collected in 2011. Introduction The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) coordinates a monitoring, evaluation and reporting (MER) program on the aquatic ecosystem condition of South Australian creeks and rivers. This MER program is designed to meet several objectives: • Providing a statewide monitoring framework for creeks and rivers that revolves through the NRM regions with sufficient frequency to allow for State of the Environment Reporting purposes. • Describing aquatic ecosystem condition for broad general public understanding. • Identifying the key pressures and management responses to those pressures. • Providing a useful reporting format that can support environmental decision making within government, community and industry. This information sheet provides a summary of the scientific work used in assessing monitoring data from creeks and rivers. Aquatic ecosystem science is not always rigid and precise; it is often open to different interpretations in several respects. Therefore, the EPA has decided that the best way to assess the condition of streams is through an expert panel deliberation that uses a consistent descriptive modelling approach. The panel members comprised an environmental consultant, a biologist from the biomonitoring team at the Australian Water Quality Centre (AWQC), and two biologists from the EPA (the authors of this assessment). All have at least 10 years experience in monitoring and assessing a range of streams across South Australia.
    [Show full text]