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2.1 Coastal Deposition Landforms

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2.1 Coastal Deposition Landforms 1/21/2019 WAVE DEPOSITION AND LANDFORMS Ngogo Mn 2019 1 Wave Deposition • Deposition occurs where the accumulation of sand and shingle exceeds its depletion. Ngogo Mn 2019 2 1 1/21/2019 Wave Deposition Landforms • 1. Beach • Beaches are made up of eroded material that has been transported from elsewhere and deposited by the sea (Shingle or sand). • Constructed by a swash and destroyed by a strong backwash. • E.g Coco, kawe, In Dar es Salaam and Tunza,Avash andMalaika Beaches in Mwanza Ngogo Mn 2019 3 Ngogo Mn 2019 4 2 1/21/2019 Tunza Beach Mwanza Ngogo Mn 2019 5 Malaika Beach Mwanza Ngogo Mn 2019 6 3 1/21/2019 Coco Beach Dar es Salaam Ngogo Mn 2019 7 2. Dunes • Immediately landward of the beach are commonly found large, linear accumulations of sand known as dunes. Ngogo Mn 2019 8 4 1/21/2019 Formation of Coastal Dunes Ngogo Mn 2019 9 A Transverse dunes at Veracruz, Mexico Ngogo Mn 2019 10 5 1/21/2019 3. Spit • A spit is a deposition bar or beach landforms off coasts. • It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, by long shore currents. Ngogo Mn 2019 11 Formation of a spit Ngogo Mn 2019 12 6 1/21/2019 Tombolo • Tombolo an island is attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar. • It may referred to as a kind of bridge between mainland an off-shore island. • E.g Lumley beach tombolo in Sierra leone, Near Bukakata on the shore of L. Victoria Ngogo Mn 2019 13 Tombolo Formation Ngogo Mn 2019 14 7 1/21/2019 Cuspate foreland/Cuspate Spit • Is a large triangular deposit of sand or shingle which is terminating seawards. • It is formed as two spits which form towards each other eventually merge. Ngogo Mn 2019 15 Cuspate foreland Ngogo Mn 2019 16 8 1/21/2019 A view of Cuspate Foreland in Chicago, Illinois in US Ngogo Mn 2019 17 Lagoon • It is a body of calm water enclosed more often near the coastline. • The formation of lagoons may be associated to a cuspate foreland or a bay bar or coral reefs. Ngogo Mn 2019 18 9 1/21/2019 Lagoon Formation Ngogo Mn 2019 19 Blue Lagoon in Coron Palawan Philippines Ngogo Mn 2019 20 10 1/21/2019 Mudflats and Marshes • A mudflat is a platform of silt and other varieties of alluvium along the coast. • Mudflats may be found at estuaries or in sheltered location behind the bards and spits. • When the mudflat supports vegetation becomes a marsh or a swamp • The nature of vegetations depends on the nature of water e.g. halophytes and magroves flourish in salty waters like the East African Coast. Ngogo Mn 2019 21 Marshes and Mudflats Ngogo Mn 2019 22 11 1/21/2019 Halophytes: Sea Arrowgrass (Triglochin maritimum) Ngogo Mn 2019 23 Water marshes in South London Ngogo Mn 2019 24 12 1/21/2019 Mangrove Forest, Uzi Island, Zanzibar Ngogo Mn 2019 25 Economic Significance of Wave Landform • Tourism • Fishing • Building materials • Research sites • Protection • Habitats for aquatic animals and • Breeding areas • Recreational areas Ngogo Mn 2019 26 13 1/21/2019 Major threats to the world's oceans • Unsustainable Fishing • Inadequate Protection • Tourism and Development • Shipping • Gas and Oil • Pollution • Aquaculture • Climate change Ngogo Mn 2019 27 Global distributions of contaminants along the coast Ngogo Mn 2019 28 14 1/21/2019 Oil spills: A major marine ecosystem threat Ngogo Mn 2019 29 Gas drilling in Mtwara Tanzania Ngogo Mn 2019 30 15 1/21/2019 Coral Coast • Read for yourSelf (from the given reference) Ngogo Mn 2019 31 Ngogo Mn 2019 32 16.
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