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Performance Op an Industrial Engine As Affected by Various Fuels and Intake Manifolds

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Performance Op an Industrial Engine As Affected by Various Fuels and Intake Manifolds Performance of an industrial engine as affected by various fuels and intake manifolds Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Thomson, Quentin Robert, 1918- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 00:43:46 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319623 PERFORMANCE OP AN INDUSTRIAL ENGINE AS AFFECTED BY VARIOUS FUELS AND INTAKE MANIFOLDS by Quentin R. Thomson A T h e s is submitted to the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1953 Umv, of Arizona Library This thesis has "been submitted in partial fulfillm ent of requirements for an advanced, degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the hihrary to be made avail­ able to "borrowers under rules of the Libraryo Brief quo- tations from this thesis are allowable without special permissions, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made 0 Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may "be granted "by the head of the major department or the &ean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the m aterial is in the interests of scholarship® In all other instances 9 howeverj permission must "be obtained from the author 0 SIGHEBg TABLE OF COBTEBTS CHAPTER PAGE _ . iETROBBOTIOR » , 0 V ;> » o o B 0 O 0 0 ,• 0 .' "'1 H e EESCRIPTldS p TEST • IHSTALLATIOB 0 a , 0 o' 0 • : 4 IP I &:' , TEST PROCEDHBE . 0 * » & 0 0 0 ’ . 9 , Types of Tests > = e 0 0 t. 0 0 0 © n © ' 9 • Stabilizing Engine Conditions 0 0 1 0 e 0 d 9 Fuel IlixtuS’e C ontiol: « ^ ;0 ■ 0 . 0 0 0 * .<© -' r 0 10 ;tv lgniti.dn Timing <= <, .» =$ 0 >: <. 0 © * © ‘ '■ 0 ■ 11 . D eseription of Test Runs e • ;s =. 0 0 © J 0 0 11 IV. FUELS AZD FUEL COSTS . 0 > 0 « ^ 0 ©' © 0 : 1 4 ■-Oasolxne 0 0 0 0 ® 0 0 » & 0 * 0 . -.. ©: 0 0 . ' 14 G a s o lin e C o sts = 'V® ® ®; » 8 <, e 0 " ■*- * © -- ° ; 14 - '^Cenosene ©■.’ 0. ® 0 & ,0 -0 . ® & 0 ■.ft- 0 e 0 14 - ■ Kerosene Costs : o «, « -•o' ' , 6 : > 0 0 0 ^,T § Li gu ef i ed®Pet rdl etim Gas . ® 6 0 ’ .0 -■ 9 0 0 .■' ■L5 -; Liqiiefied^Petroleum Gas Costs O O 0 0 - 0 0 1 7 . H atural Gas . #/»•. ».'» ■ ®0 *. » 6 O 0 0 © © 0 17 natural Gas Costs « » „ 0 6 0 0 . 0 0 18 , : :,V0; :; IHTAKi: MABIFOLDS » » . » . = .»■0 0 © 0 0 0 .1 9 The Gasoline Manifold L. 6 . 0 0 0 / 0 0 '..19,'' The Comhination Manifold- 0 » 0 0 0 0 e © :' ; '.':The ’ Gay' M anif old . = . 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 ' The Updraft Rahe Manifold , 0 <,■ 0 e 0 0 0 0 \ Vi a ■ DISCUSSIOH OF PERFOMSnCE DATA 0 0 0 0 0 a 28 . GHAPm; - / -y: .■,■■ ■.••'. v. m #m , V II, : ;COK?LUSIOES , , o e o , , o , , o , -"o , o , 57 ' iB XlBItlOCTJiAiPirY' G ; O <? • * O - O . © e - 0 o o © © 0 • o - o o o 6 b. o _ 0 0 EIBT 0# llcmSSS HUMBER . ' . ' '' ' PAGE . ; 1 o ;vM0$(3(m&EH - fl S f IHSTAELATIOH o » . » V * . = 5 . 2 o ::■: PHOTOGRAPH - CASE GAS OL IKE MAHIFOLD , o ■.. »0 W 3 o PHOTOGRAPH - CASE C OMBIHATIOE MAHIPOLB 0 „ 0 22 4» PHOTOGRAPH - GAT MAHIEOEB 0 o . » » . 24: ' § 0 -": PHOTOGRAPH - RAKE MAFIPOED = o . «, » . > . 25 6 .o GRAPH - BRAKE HORSEPOWER VS. SPEED FOR POUR DIPEEREHT PGEL8 WITH' THROTTDE SET .' ' WTDE OPEH o o o o o o o o o © © o © © -@ © 2 9 : 7 © GRAPH - SPECIFIC FUEL COHSUEPTJOK VS © : ’ SPIED POE THREE -Dl'PHSREHT PUEES WITH " : THROTTDE 'SET WIDE OPEH' © : = A © . © = « © =. © 31 8 © ‘ GRAPH - BRAKE HORSEPOWER VS© SPEED POR,: ' ' POUR DIPPEREHT FUELS WITH THROTTLE SET AT 70 PER CEZT LOAD :; - © /;0 . ©. ;0 © . © c 33 9© GRAPH- - SPECIFIC FUEL COHSUEPTIOH VS© SPEED, FOR THREE DIPPEREHT FUELS WITH ..THROTTLE; SET;-AT 70 PER CEHT LOAD = © © y , A "© 54 ' 10 © GRAPH ~ SPECIFIC FUEL COHSUHPTIOE VS© ^ BRAKE -HbRSEPQWER. FOR THREE DIFFEREHT FUELS. AT COSTS TAUT SPEED OP 1550 RPM © © © 35 ’I'la GRAPH “ ■ SPECIPIC FUEL COHSUMPTIOH VS© . .BRAKE HORSEPOWER' FOR TWO DIFPEREHT FUELS . AT COHSW 1700 RPM © © .- o ; © 37 ' 12..o ' GRAPH - BRAKE HORSEPOWER VS © SPEED FOR ' FOUR- D1FESREHT IHTAKE MAHIFOLDS USIHG - : ' ‘ GAS OL IRE FUEL WITH THROTTLE SET WIDE OPEH © ■ '58..- 13© GRAPH. - SPECIFIC FUEL/COHSTOlPTIOH VS.„ ' .. ' . SPEED FOR FOUR DlPFSREHT IHTAEE MAEIFOLDS V : ■ " GAS OL IRE FUEL USED WITH THROTTLE SET ' - A W im : OPEH ■ © ©. ©. © o- © © © © © ©, A & © © © 40; v ' - MfflBBR ' : ; v'-.' , ^ ; :. PAG® " v: A4'd:, .GRAPH— BBAEE HGRSBPOV/ER VS. SPEED FOR V :;:': THREE P1FEBEENT IHTAKS MAHIFOLDS US 1HG . ' :; : • GASORIEE ^ EUER WITH THROTTEE: SET; AT :' . ' . 7 0 PER-.GEHT EGAD *A. ... ■» V- . A; * . - ' 15 o GRAPH - SPEGIPIG IUEE GOHSOT3PT.IOH VSo: ^ : .v SPEED EGR THREDE P IP m R m T . IHTAEE •; ; ; RAHIFOLDS USIHG C-ASOLIHE EGEE WITH 7 V ; - ;;■■■• : - THROm E SEP AT 70 PER GIRT EOAB'A. ' = ::.-=: . <= : 43 - v 16® GRAPH> SPEGIPIG MEL GOHSDMPTIOH VSo BRAIE HGRSEPOWER FOR' W O . RIPEBRES'T IHTA1E' • ' : V ■ MAHIFOLBS AT GOHSTAHT SPEED OF 1550 RPH V .. 45 i ? o GRAPH; - ■ BRAKE’ HORSEPOWER VS. SPEER FOR ; " i " ; -:' = TWO BIFEEREHT' IHTAEE' mHlFOERS H81HG . • . • • : HATURAE' GAS ' FtJEG WITH THROTTLE SET WIDE. ; : v . ‘ OPEH O' O- © OO O C O .0 o o O' 6 6 O ' 0 ' 8 - O' 0 .. - 46 - '18© P - HPEGIFIG: FHEL: GORSHIIPTIOH FS „ ' ; P- ’ SPEER- FOR HATURAE GAS FUEL- USIHG TWO : -XV--p , ..;/ .1 P BtFFEEEIili. THm ©" » o 6„ ;> ' © 48 ■' : ■ 19 © GRAPH - :i:SPEGlFlG -'FI3iai;'.eoH^ P ■' ■ :' . .. - ^ EAHIFOLPS " . - HSIRG HATURAE,. GAS FUEL WITH THROTTLE . ' ' -: SET .WIRE^aPER; Go, .^o/ , ot' o \. « o . 49 20© GRAPH. " SPSGIFlO FOER., dOHStmPTlOS VSo BRAIE HORSEPOWER FOR TWO.. RIFFEREHT 1RTA1E • 7 7 MA1TIF01DS US IMG HATURAI GAS FUEL AT . P ' ' 7 " - ROHSTMT ,SPEER o » , , 7 © © , © = o/.o'-* o - 51 : ' R io GRAPH- » IHTAKE HAHIFORB TEMPERATURE VSC ' ' . - .SPEER FOR THREE RIFFEREET IHTAEE - . ■ - ' : HAHIFOLDS USIHG GASORIME FUEL WITH THROTTLE . ' , ' SET WIRE OPEM ; © © « o © © WVP© 0 o. s 52 / ' • 22© , GRAPH = SPEGIFIG FUEL GOST VS © SPEER FOR ^ FOUR RIFIEREHT FUELS o; V ©. © o 0 - o . 0 .© 0 .53 : " 23 © GRAPH " SPSCIFIG;: FUEL GOST VS/BRATfR . ■■ ' HORSEPOmR FOR FOUR RIFFEEHEFT FUELS ' . - ; • . WITH GOHS.TAZT. SPEER APR VAR1ABRE ROAR o © : 55 P - eH&pfBR i : IHTRODUGTI.OH ■ Sie experimental work performed in preparation for this thesis was done in -an effort "to determine the effeets of:ffsriods fuels and intake manifolds on the power output and fuel economy of a spark ignition 9 industrial type 9 internal combustion engine 0 -■ ; , Owners of industrial engines are. faced with the prob- lem-of .'Selecting them ost advantagedus ‘ fuel-, for . th eir en g in e 0 . Closely allied with this perplexing situation is the selection of a proper intake manifold for each fuelo The experimental work ;^id research for this thesis was directed toward an - Invest igation and-analysis of these problems. ' - ' ■ , . : : . r;' ; ; -v- J’our. fuels .-(gasoline,.-; kerosene.®:: liquefied=petroleum gas j and ‘natural gas} .-were tested using a Case- Model SB industrial'engine attached to an electric dynamometer installationo Data, were taken: under conditions of f u l l , load and part, load with yariable speed: and under the condi tions of constant speed and variable loadc, The engine was adjusted for each fuel in order to secure maximum perform­ ance consistent with good economy of operation o - .- Four different intake manifolds were subjected to - experimental tests oh the Case engineo Performance data were taken _tmder conditions . of variable load and speed as was done for the various fuelso For the intake manifold tests additional test information was obtained in that individual cylinder pressures and air^fuel ratios were measuredo This was done so that an analysis of the power and fuel distribution among the cylinders could be made a The Case gasoline manifold 9 supplied as standard equip­ ment for use with gasoline fuelp was used as the■primary reference manifoldo The second manifold tested was the Case combination manifold supplied’by the manufacturer to owners desiring to utilize-either kerosene or gasoline' for .fuel-b The- third manifold tested was-one designed by-Say^. for use on the Case engine in conjunction with a-Ford 6 © . carburetoro In order to continue the investigations made by Cay and Maynard on a rake type-manifold a fourth mani­ fold was, ■designed and fabricatedo This new manifold was designed to test and compare an updraft rake type manifold with manifolds: supplied by the manufacturero -In order to make an accurate comparison between these manifolds the new manifold was designed to match the standard equipment , Ted Gayp "The Effects of Manifold”: Design Changes on Charge distribution and Engine Performance$,M (unpublished M asters Thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson 9 195©) o 'Samuel So Maynard 9 "Power Distribution of a Gasoline' ' ' Engine s..1’ funpublished M aster ''s thesis s U niversity of Arizona % Tucson, 1951)o: : " earburetoTo The new design manifold was designated the- ^ ^'rake :manlfelde' : ; : ■ V v, ; The intake man if olds were tested and compared with:. respect te power output 9 specific fuel eonsumption 9 and power and fuel distribution to the individual cylinders © " , mscRiPTiom os’ fEBT ma? 4 iM T ic ® • The test inst& llation eonsisted of a Model 16SB” Gas® ' engine 'Bni t direet=conneeted ' to- a General E leetrie Company ■' ; oradle=moun t ed else trie dgmamometer (Figure 1) 0 • & e -' eBglne; :tm;ed -msf a todi- v e^Etndef 9.
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