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Landscape Character Assessment
OUSE WASHES Landscape Character Assessment Kite aerial photography by Bill Blake Heritage Documentation THE OUSE WASHES CONTENTS 04 Introduction Annexes 05 Context Landscape character areas mapping at 06 Study area 1:25,000 08 Structure of the report Note: this is provided as a separate document 09 ‘Fen islands’ and roddons Evolution of the landscape adjacent to the Ouse Washes 010 Physical influences 020 Human influences 033 Biodiversity 035 Landscape change 040 Guidance for managing landscape change 047 Landscape character The pattern of arable fields, 048 Overview of landscape character types shelterbelts and dykes has a and landscape character areas striking geometry 052 Landscape character areas 053 i Denver 059 ii Nordelph to 10 Mile Bank 067 iii Old Croft River 076 iv. Pymoor 082 v Manea to Langwood Fen 089 vi Fen Isles 098 vii Meadland to Lower Delphs Reeds, wet meadows and wetlands at the Welney 105 viii Ouse Valley Wetlands Wildlife Trust Reserve 116 ix Ouse Washes 03 THE OUSE WASHES INTRODUCTION Introduction Context Sets the scene Objectives Purpose of the study Study area Rationale for the Landscape Partnership area boundary A unique archaeological landscape Structure of the report Kite aerial photography by Bill Blake Heritage Documentation THE OUSE WASHES INTRODUCTION Introduction Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2013 Context Ouse Washes LP boundary Wisbech County boundary This landscape character assessment (LCA) was District boundary A Road commissioned in 2013 by Cambridgeshire ACRE Downham as part of the suite of documents required for B Road Market a Landscape Partnership (LP) Heritage Lottery Railway Nordelph Fund bid entitled ‘Ouse Washes: The Heart of River Denver the Fens.’ However, it is intended to be a stand- Water bodies alone report which describes the distinctive March Hilgay character of this part of the Fen Basin that Lincolnshire Whittlesea contains the Ouse Washes and supports the South Holland District Welney positive management of the area. -
Copertina Guida Ai TRILOBITI V3 Esterno
Enrico Bonino nato in provincia di Bergamo nel 1966, Enrico si è laureato in Geologia presso il Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell'Università di Genova. Attualmente risiede in Belgio dove svolge attività come specialista nel settore dei Sistemi di Informazione Geografica e analisi di immagini digitali. Curatore scientifico del Museo Back to the Past, ha pubblicato numerosi volumi di paleontologia in lingua italiana e inglese, collaborando inoltre all’elaborazione di testi e pubblicazioni scientifiche a livello nazonale e internazionale. Oltre alla passione per questa classe di artropodi, i suoi interessi sono orientati alle forme di vita vissute nel Precambriano, stromatoliti, e fossilizzazioni tipo konservat-lagerstätte. Carlo Kier nato a Milano nel 1961, Carlo si è laureato in Legge, ed è attualmente presidente della catena di alberghi Azul Hotel. Risiede a Cancun, Messico, dove si dedica ad attività legate all'ambiente marino. All'età di 16 anni, ha iniziato una lunga collaborazione con il Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano, ed è a partire dal 1970 che prese inizio la vera passione per i trilobiti, dando avvio a quella che oggi è diventata una delle collezioni paleontologiche più importanti al mondo. La sua instancabile attività di ricerca sul terreno in varie parti del globo e la collaborazione con professionisti del settore, ha permesso la descrizione di nuove specie di trilobiti ed artropodi. Una forte determinazione e la costruzione di un nuovo complesso alberghiero (AZUL Sensatori) hanno infine concretizzzato la realizzazione -
Enhanced Visualisation of the Flat Landscape of the Cambridgeshire Fenlands
Geology Today, 2015, 31(5), 187-192 Enhanced visualization of the flat landscape of the Cambridgeshire Fenlands Oliver Pritchard*, Timothy Farewell and Stephen Hallett. School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL. *Corresponding Author: Oliver Pritchard School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL. Email: [email protected] Summary The fenlands of East Anglia represent a subtle landscape, where topographic highs rarely exceed 30m above sea level. However, the fens represent an almost full sequence of Quaternary deposits, together with islands of Cretaceous and Jurassic outcrops, making the area of geological importance. This feature discusses the advantages of using 3D visualisation coupled with high-resolution topographic data, over traditional 2D techniques, when undertaking an analysis of the landscape. Conclusions suggest that the use of 3D visualisation will result in a higher level of engagement, particularly when communicating geological information to those outside academia. 1. Introduction The East Anglian Fenlands have been described by some as a flat, unpromising wilderness. On one hand, the fenland area is extremely low-lying with extensive swathes of land actually below sea level and where topographic ‘highs’ struggle to reach 30m above sea level (Figure 1). However, geologically, the Fenlands provide us with an almost complete sequence of Quaternary superficial deposits. Coupled with outcrops or islands of Jurassic and Cretaceous strata (e.g. the Isle of Ely), these deposits give the area its national geological and scientific importance. Whilst traditional two-dimensional (2D) mapping of the area has revealed much of the complex geological and geomorphological history, the increasing availability of three-dimensional (3D) visualisation software to the earth scientist has resulted in a new dimension (pardon the pun) to geological and landscape interpretation. -
Land Opposite the Bungalow, Padnal, Littleport, Cambridgeshire
Land opposite The Bungalow, Padnal, Littleport, Cambridgeshire Client: Mr. Trevor Buckley Date: August 2017 ECB 5149 Archaeological Evaluation Report SACIC Report No. 2017/65 Author: Linzi Everett © SACIC HER Information Site Code: ECB 5149 Site Name: Land opposite The Bungalow, Padnal, Littleport Report Number 2017/65 Planning Application No: 16/01725/OUT Date of Fieldwork: 10th-11th July 2017 Grid Reference: TL 5734 8623 Oasis Reference: 287892 Curatorial Officer: Gemma Stewart (CCC/HET) Project Officer: Linzi Everett Client/Funding Body: Trevor Buckley Client Reference: N/A Digital report submitted to Archaeological Data Service: http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit Disclaimer Any opinions expressed in this report about the need for further archaeological work are those of Suffolk Archaeology CIC. Ultimately the need for further work will be determined by the Local Planning Authority and its Archaeological Advisors when a planning application is registered. Suffolk Archaeology CIC cannot accept responsibility for inconvenience caused to the clients should the Planning Authority take a different view to that expressed in the report. Prepared By: Linzi Everett Date: August 2017 Approved By: ******************* Position: ******************* Date: ******************* Signed: ******************* Contents Summary 1. Introduction 1 2. Geology and topography 1 3. Archaeology and historical background 1 4. Methodology 3 5. Results 3 7. Discussion 17 8. Archive deposition 18 9. Bibliography 18 List of Figures Figure 1. Location of site, showing development area and HER entries 2 Figure 2. Trench location plan showing projected ECB750 projected ditches 4 Figure 3. Trench 1, plan and section 6 Figure 4. Trench 2, plan and sections 7 Figure 5. Trench 3, plan and sections 8 Figure 6. -
Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Ecology, Macroevolution and More by Michelle M
Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Ecology, Macroevolution and More By Michelle M. Casey1, Perry Kennard2, and Bruce S. Lieberman1, 3 1Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, 2Earth Science Teacher, Southwest Middle School, USD497, and 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 Middle level laboratory exercise for Earth or General Science; supported provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) grants DEB-1256993 and EF-1206757. Learning Goals and Pedagogy This lab is designed for middle level General Science or Earth Science classes. The learning goals for this lab are the following: 1) to familiarize students with the anatomy and terminology relating to trilobites; 2) to give students experience identifying morphologic structures on real fossil specimens 3) to highlight major events or trends in the evolutionary history and ecology of the Trilobita; and 4) to expose students to the study of macroevolution in the fossil record using trilobites as a case study. Introduction to the Trilobites The Trilobites are an extinct subphylum of the Arthropoda (the most diverse phylum on earth with nearly a million species described). Arthropoda also contains all fossil and living crustaceans, spiders, and insects as well as several other extinct groups. The trilobites were an extremely important and diverse type of marine invertebrates that lived during the Paleozoic Era. They only lived in the oceans but occurred in all types of marine environments, and ranged in size from less than a centimeter to almost a meter across. They were once one of the most successful of all animal groups and in certain fossil deposits, especially in the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Devonian periods, they are extremely abundant. -
The Evolution of Trilobite Body Patterning
ANRV309-EA35-14 ARI 20 March 2007 15:54 The Evolution of Trilobite Body Patterning Nigel C. Hughes Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2007. 35:401–34 Key Words First published online as a Review in Advance on Trilobita, trilobitomorph, segmentation, Cambrian, Ordovician, January 29, 2007 diversification, body plan The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences is online at earth.annualreviews.org Abstract This article’s doi: The good fossil record of trilobite exoskeletal anatomy and on- 10.1146/annurev.earth.35.031306.140258 togeny, coupled with information on their nonbiomineralized tis- Copyright c 2007 by Annual Reviews. sues, permits analysis of how the trilobite body was organized and All rights reserved developed, and the various evolutionary modifications of such pat- 0084-6597/07/0530-0401$20.00 terning within the group. In several respects trilobite development and form appears comparable with that which may have charac- terized the ancestor of most or all euarthropods, giving studies of trilobite body organization special relevance in the light of recent advances in the understanding of arthropod evolution and devel- opment. The Cambrian diversification of trilobites displayed mod- Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2007.35:401-434. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org ifications in the patterning of the trunk region comparable with by UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - RIVERSIDE LIBRARY on 05/02/07. For personal use only. those seen among the closest relatives of Trilobita. In contrast, the Ordovician diversification of trilobites, although contributing greatly to the overall diversity within the clade, did so within a nar- rower range of trunk conditions. -
1 Holocene Drainage Systems of the English Fenland: Roddons and Their
Holocene drainage systems of the English Fenland: roddons and their environmental significance Dinah M. Smitha*, Jan A.Zalasiewicza, Mark Williamsa,b, Ian P.Wilkinsonb, Martin Reddingc, Crane Beggd aDepartment of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK bBritish Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK cWitham Fourth District Internal Drainage Board, 47, Norfolk Street, Boston, Lincolnshire, PE21 6PP, UK dSuffolk County Council, Graphics Officer, Field Team, Ford House, New Shirehall, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2AR, UK (present address) Oxford Archaeology East, 15, Trafalgar Way, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, UK (previous address) *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (D.M.Smith). Abstract The roddons of the English Fenlands are fossilized silt and sand-filled tidal creek systems of mid to late Holocene age, incised into contemporaneous clay deposits. However, anthropogenic change (drainage and agriculture) has caused the former channels to become positive topographical features. Three stratigraphically discrete generations of roddon have been discriminated. They all show well-developed dendritic meander patterns, but there is little or no evidence of sand/silt infill during meandering; thus, unlike modern tidal creeks and rivers they typically lack laterally stacked point bar deposits, suggesting rapid infill. Major “trunk” roddons are rich in fine sands and there is little change in grain-size from 1 roddon mouth to the upper reaches, suggesting highly effective sand transport mechanisms and uniform conditions of deposition. Tributaries are silt-rich, while minor tributaries also have a significant clay component. During infill, active drainage networks appear to have been choked by sediment, converting mudflat/saltmarsh environments into widespread peat- forming freshwater reed swamps. -
Th TRILO the Back to the Past Museum Guide to TRILO BITES
With regard to human interest in fossils, trilobites may rank second only to dinosaurs. Having studied trilobites most of my life, the English version of The Back to the Past Museum Guide to TRILOBITES by Enrico Bonino and Carlo Kier is a pleasant treat. I am captivated by the abundant color images of more than 600 diverse species of trilobites, mostly from the authors’ own collections. Carlo Kier The Back to the Past Museum Guide to Specimens amply represent famous trilobite localities around the world and typify forms from most of the Enrico Bonino Enrico 250-million-year history of trilobites. Numerous specimens are masterpieces of modern professional preparation. Richard A. Robison Professor Emeritus University of Kansas TRILOBITES Enrico Bonino was born in the Province of Bergamo in 1966 and received his degree in Geology from the Depart- ment of Earth Sciences at the University of Genoa. He currently lives in Belgium where he works as a cartographer specialized in the use of satellite imaging and geographic information systems (GIS). His proficiency in the use of digital-image processing, a healthy dose of artistic talent, and a good knowledge of desktop publishing software have provided him with the skills he needed to create graphics, including dozens of posters and illustrations, for all of the displays at the Back to the Past Museum in Cancún. In addition to his passion for trilobites, Enrico is particularly inter- TRILOBITES ested in the life forms that developed during the Precambrian. Carlo Kier was born in Milan in 1961. He holds a degree in law and is currently the director of the Azul Hotel chain. -
An Anthropocene Landscape Drainage Transformed in the English Fenland
6 An Anthropocene Landscape Drainage Transformed in the English Fenland Jan A. Zalasiewicz, Mark Williams, and Dinah M. Smith Alterations to the global fluvial system associated with the onset of the Anthropocene have been profound (Syvitski et al. 2005; Syvitski and Kettner 2011; Merritts et al. 2011; Williams et al. 2014). They have involved both direct reengi- neering of river systems to, for instance, “stabilize” channels, prevent active mean- dering, and impound water in dams; and indirect changes resulting from land use change, commonly involving such phenomena as increased sediment supply from deforestation and urbanization. However, the spectrum of changes goes beyond such well-documented effects to produce some novel and geologically counter- intuitive phenomena that have already produced a significant geomorphic signa- ture. These phenomena will continue to evolve and leave a distinctive stratigraphic signature as the cumulative effects of anthropogenic changes work through the Earth System. Here we describe one such example, from the Holocene deposits of the English Fenland, in which an extensive buried channel system is spectacularly exhumed and then topographically inverted by regional anthropogenic modifi- cation. This geologically novel transformation will be a strong influence on the course of future change in the region as global climate warms. GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK The English Fenland covers areas of Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, northern Norfolk, and parts of Suffolk and is the largest area of Holocene deposits (some 4,000 km2) in Britain. Fenland sedimentary deposits are up to 30 m (more typically up to 20 m) thick, and they show evidence of a complex paleoenvironmental history. 75 76 Chapter Six They exist atop a pre-Holocene surface mostly composed of Jurassic clays (French 2003) overlain by Pleistocene tills, sands, and gravels (Wyatt 1984). -
Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Macroevolution and More by Michelle M
Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Macroevolution and More By Michelle M. Casey1 and Bruce S. Lieberman1,2, 1Biodiversity Institute and 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 Undergraduate laboratory exercise for sophomore/junior level paleontology course Learning Goals and Pedagogy This lab is intended for an upper level paleontology course containing sophomores and juniors who have already taken historical geology or its equivalent. This lab will be particularly helpful to those institutions that lack a large teaching collection by providing color photographs of museum specimens. Students may find previous exposure to phylogenetic methods and terminology helpful in completing this laboratory exercise. The learning goals for this lab are the following: 1) to familiarize students with the anatomy and terminology relating to trilobites; 2) to give students experience identifying morphologic structures on real fossil specimens, not just diagrammatic representations; 3) to highlight major events or trends in the evolutionary history and ecology of the Trilobita; and 4) to expose students to the study of macroevolution in the fossil record using trilobites as a case study. Introduction to the Trilobites The Trilobites are an extinct subphylum of the Arthropoda (the most diverse phylum on earth with nearly a million species described). Arthropoda also contains all fossil and living crustaceans, spiders, and insects as well as several other solely extinct groups. The trilobites were an extremely important and diverse type of marine invertebrates that lived during the Paleozoic Era. They were exclusively marine but occurred in all types of marine environments, and ranged in size from less than a centimeter to almost a meter. -
Ely and Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Description of 1 : 25 000 Sheets TL 56 and 57
INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES MineralAssessment Report 73 Natural Environment Research Council The sand and gravel resources of the country between Ely and Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Description of 1 : 25 000 sheets TL 56 and 57 A. R. Clayton Contributor C. E. Corser 0Crown copyright 1981 ISBN 0 11 884173 4 London Her Majesty'sStationery Office 1981 PREFACE National resources of many industrial minerals may seem so large that stocktaking appears unnecessary but the demand for minerals and for land for all purposes is intensifying and it has become increasingly clear in recent years that regional assessments of the resources of these minerals should be undertaken. The publication of information about the quantity and quality of deposits over large areas is intended to provide a comprehensive factual background against which planning decisions can be made. The first twelve reports on the assessment of British Sand and gravel, considered together as naturally sand and gravel resources appeared in the Report occurring aggregate, was selected as the bulk mineral series of the Institute of Geological Sciences as a demanding the most urgent attention, initially in the subseries. Report 13 and subsequent reports appear south-east of England, where about half the national as Mineral Assessment Reports of the Institute. output is won and very few sources of alternative aggregates are available. Following a short feasibility Details of published reports appear at the end of this project, initiated in 1966 by the Ministry of Land and Report. Natural Resources, the Industrial Minerals Any enquiries concerning this report may be Assessment Unit (formerly the Mineral Assessment addressed to Head, Industrial Minerals Assessment Unit) began systematic surveys in 1968. -
Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Macroevolution and More by Michelle M
Introduction to the Trilobites: Morphology, Macroevolution and More By Michelle M. Casey1 and Bruce S. Lieberman1,2, 1Biodiversity Institute and 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 Undergraduate laboratory exercise for sophomore/junior level paleontology course Learning Goals and Pedagogy This lab is intended for an upper level paleontology course containing sophomores and juniors who have already taken historical geology or its equivalent; however it may be suitable for introductory biology or geology students familiar with geological time, phylogenies, and trace fossils. This lab will be particularly helpful to those institutions that lack a large teaching collection by providing color photographs of museum specimens. Students may find previous exposure to phylogenetic methods and terminology helpful in completing this laboratory exercise. The learning goals for this lab are the following: 1) to familiarize students with the anatomy and terminology relating to trilobites; 2) to give students experience identifying morphologic structures on real fossil specimens, not just diagrammatic representations; 3) to highlight major events or trends in the evolutionary history and ecology of Trilobita; and 4) to expose students to the study of macroevolution in the fossil record using trilobites as a case study. Introduction to the Trilobites The Trilobites are an extinct subphylum of the Arthropoda (the most diverse phylum on earth with nearly a million species described). Arthropoda also contains all fossil and living crustaceans, spiders, and insects as well as several other solely extinct groups. The trilobites were an extremely important and diverse type of marine invertebrates that lived during the Paleozoic Era. They were exclusively marine but occurred in all types of marine environments, and ranged in size from less than a centimeter to almost a meter.