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Mining Law 2018 5Th Edition a Practical Cross-Border Insight Into Mining Law

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Mining Law 2018 5Th Edition a Practical Cross-Border Insight Into Mining Law w ICLG The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Mining Law 2018 5th Edition A practical cross-border insight into mining law Published by Global Legal Group, with contributions from: Ali Budiardjo, Nugroho, Reksodiputro Martínez Córdoba & Abogados Asociados Allens Mayer Brown International LLP Bilé-Aka, Brizoua-Bi et Associés Mayer Brown JSM Claro & Cia. Mayer Brown LLP Concern Dialog law firm Melnitsky & Zakharov, Attorneys-at-Law Engling, Stritter & Partners Project Lawyers Eric Silwamba, Jalasi and Linyama Legal Practitioners RB Abogados Fasken Martineau Redcliffe Partners Georgi Dimitrov Attorneys Reindorf Chambers GRATA International TozziniFreire Advogados GTs Advocates LLP TPLA – Taciana Peão Lopes & Advogados Associados Kieti Advocates LLP VdA Vieira de Almeida Latournerie Wolfrom Avocats Windahl Sandroos & Co. Lawson Lundell LLP Wolf Theiss The International Comparative Legal Guide to: Mining Law 2018 General Chapter: 1 New Policies, New Priorities: A Review of Mining and Minerals Policy and Legislative Changes by Governments – Tom Eldridge, Mayer Brown International LLP 1 Country Question and Answer Chapters: 2 Angola VdA Vieira de Almeida: João Afonso Fialho & Marília Frias 5 Contributing Editor Tom Eldridge, Mayer Brown 3 Armenia Concern Dialog law firm: Aram Orbelyan & Roustam Badasyan 11 International LLP 4 Australia Allens: Gerard Woods & Daniel Knight 16 Sales Director Florjan Osmani 5 Brazil TozziniFreire Advogados: Luiz Fernando Visconti & Caio Mimessi Fransani 24 Account Director 6 Canada Lawson Lundell LLP: Khaled Abdel-Barr & Karen MacMillan 31 Oliver Smith 7 Chile Claro & Cia.: Nicolás Eyzaguirre 42 Sales Support Manager Toni Hayward 8 Colombia Martínez Córdoba & Abogados Asociados: Adriana Martínez-Villegas 49 Sub Editor 9 Congo – D.R. VdA Vieira de Almeida: Matthieu Le Roux & Olivier Bustin 56 Hollie Parker 10 Ethiopia Latournerie Wolfrom Avocats: Christopher Dempsey & Senior Editors Johanna Cuvex-Micholin 62 Suzie Levy, Rachel Williams 11 Gabon Project Lawyers: Jean-Pierre Bozec 68 Chief Operating Officer Dror Levy 12 Ghana Reindorf Chambers: Fui S. Tsikata & Dominic Dziewornu Quashigah 75 Group Consulting Editor 13 Greenland Windahl Sandroos & Co.: Bo Sandroos 81 Alan Falach 14 Indonesia Ali Budiardjo, Nugroho, Reksodiputro: Woody Pananto & Publisher Freddy Karyadi 87 Rory Smith 15 Ivory Coast Bilé-Aka, Brizoua-Bi et Associés: Joachim Bilé-Aka & Moussa Traoré 99 Published by Global Legal Group Ltd. 16 Kazakhstan GRATA International: Yerbolat Yerkebulanov & Mikhail Abdulov 105 59 Tanner Street London SE1 3PL, UK 17 Kenya Kieti Advocates LLP: Clarice Wambua & Sammy Ndolo 113 Tel: +44 20 7367 0720 Fax: +44 20 7407 5255 18 Macedonia Georgi Dimitrov Attorneys: Katarina Ginoska & Marija Jankuloska 118 Email: [email protected] 19 Mauritania Latournerie Wolfrom Avocats: Christopher Dempsey & URL: www.glgroup.co.uk Johanna Cuvex-Micholin 124 GLG Cover Design 20 Mexico RB Abogados: Enrique Rodríguez del Bosque 132 F&F Studio Design GLG Cover Image Source 21 Mongolia GTs Advocates LLP: Zoljargal Dashnyam & Mend-Amar Narantsetseg 140 iStockphoto 22 Mozambique TPLA – Taciana Peão Lopes & Advogados Associados: Printed by Taciana Peão Lopes & André Cristiano José 148 Ashford Colour Press Ltd September 2017 23 Namibia Engling, Stritter & Partners: Axel Stritter 156 Copyright © 2017 24 Poland Wolf Theiss: Ronald B. Given 167 Global Legal Group Ltd. 25 Portugal VdA Vieira de Almeida: Manuel Protásio & Marília Frias 174 All rights reserved No photocopying 26 Russia Melnitsky & Zakharov, Attorneys-at-Law: Grigory Zakharov & Vadim Borodkin 180 ISBN 978-1-911367-74-1 ISSN 2052-5427 27 Senegal Latournerie Wolfrom Avocats: Christopher Dempsey & Strategic Partners Johanna Cuvex-Micholin 189 28 South Africa Fasken Martineau: Godfrey Malesa & Nicola Jackson 196 29 Ukraine Redcliffe Partners: Dmytro Fedoruk & Zoryana Sozanska-Matviychuk 204 30 United Kingdom Mayer Brown International LLP: Tom Eldridge 211 31 USA Mayer Brown LLP: Kevin L. Shaw & Daniel P. Whitmore 219 32 Vietnam Mayer Brown JSM: Nguyen Hai Thao & David Harrison 227 33 Zambia Eric Silwamba, Jalasi and Linyama Legal Practitioners: Joseph Alexander Jalasi, Jr. & Eric Suwilanji Silwamba, S.C. 233 Further copies of this book and others in the series can be ordered from the publisher. Please call +44 20 7367 0720 Disclaimer This publication is for general information purposes only. It does not purport to provide comprehensive full legal or other advice. Global Legal Group Ltd. and the contributors accept no responsibility for losses that may arise from reliance upon information contained in this publication. This publication is intended to give an indication of legal issues upon which you may need advice. Full legal advice should be taken from a qualified professional when dealing with specific situations. WWW.ICLG.COM Chapter 1 New Policies, New Priorities: A Review of Mining and Minerals Policy and Legislative Changes by Governments Mayer Brown International LLP Tom Eldridge The very physical nature of mineral and natural resource assets The Continued Challenge means any discussion around ownership of, and dealings in them, in any form, is never without heightened national interest, even For this chapter we have considered some of the more recent emotion. changes to certain countries’ mining laws and policies. South Africa, Argentina, Indonesia, Tanzania and Senegal, amongst many others, In addition, the cyclical nature of the industry, and its effects on have all made material changes to their laws. Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, financial returns against large, capital investments that amortise over Uganda and Oman have all made statements and commitments as a long periods of time, needs a legislative and financial framework to base for policy formulation of new laws in the sector. support industry participants during these times. We have looked at these developments in the context of what is And a third material characteristic adding to the sensitivity an ongoing debate surrounding national mining laws and policies: surrounding mining law and policy is the complexity of the industry how does a country’s government best legislate for its minerals itself. The way in which value is derived at different stages of the sector to ensure all those involved in the value chain – from those minerals-to-metals cycle (and not always spread evenly throughout) living on the land beneath which the minerals reside to the buyers presents considerable challenges. and sellers of finished products – benefit fairly along the way? We The value (and associated returns) generated at the mid and do not attempt to answer the question. But we have highlighted downstream end of the industry cycle – in the smelters and refineries, some of the key themes central to this ongoing balancing act facing in the warehouses, export terminals and trading floors and, finally, in governments and sought to explain why it is so difficult. the finished products themselves and the industries they are sold into – can be far greater than the value generated within the upstream exploration and mining activities at the very start of that cycle. In Changing Laws and Policies many cases, a disproportionate amount of the mid and downstream value is generated far away from the countries within which the Mining and minerals policy and legislation is always changing. exploration and mining value is created. Today’s governments will often have different policies to their Thus, on the one side of the issue is the need for any government to predecessors as to the way in which they think their countries’ ensure that its laws permit a country, its economy and its people to mineral assets should be dealt with. Policies are shaped by political receive equitable benefit from the resources within its borders and thought, values and priorities. As policies are formulated, new laws beneath its grounds at all stages of the industry cycle. are enacted and existing laws amended and replaced. And on the other side of the issue is the need for any government Policies and laws need to be capable of setting parameters and to ensure that its laws are capable of both attracting and sustaining guidelines for the present. Likewise, they must be durable and the necessary investment, capital and technology required to capable of responding and adapting to new circumstances in commercialise its country’s minerals to allow the industry cycle the future. In some cases, they also need to be strong and brave to run its full course – from mineral identification and extraction enough to rebase, and even correct problems of the past. It is right through to sales of finished products. In compounding the any government’s role to propose new laws and review existing complexity of these issues, that investment, capital and technology ones. And in doing so, it is a government’s duty to ensure that the is not always located in the same countries as the actual mineral country’s legislative framework and policies are fit for purpose in a reserves and resource. In many cases, it resides far away from the modern, ever-changing world. minerals, the land and the people and governments who collectively own them. Specific Challenges for Mining Legislation Hence the continual balancing act for a government in seeking to and Policy formulate laws and polices capable of satisfying both sides. Yet none of this is specific to the mining sector. But lawmakers and Different Approaches policy-setters in the mining and natural resources sectors always seem to face more scrutiny, more challenges and more criticism than Recent legislative changes in countries with established mining those operating in other industry sectors. There are many reasons laws, such as South Africa, Argentina, Indonesia, Tanzania and why new or amended laws in the mining sector generate more Senegal, and policy changes in countries with a relatively new focus debate, opinion and analysis than others. ICLG TO: MINING LAW 2018 WWW.ICLG.COM 1 © Published and reproduced with kind permission by Global Legal Group Ltd, London Mayer Brown International LLP New Policies, New Priorities: A Review on mining, such as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Uganda and Oman, are all of the Minister.
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