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Álvaro De Azevedo Alves Brito UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE DIREITO MESTRADO EM DIREITO ÁLVARO DE AZEVEDO ALVES BRITO ENSINO JURÍDICO E A TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE COMO MÉTODO DO DIREITO ANIMAL Salvador 2018 ÁLVARO DE AZEVEDO ALVES BRITO ENSINO JURÍDICO E A TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE COMO MÉTODO DO DIREITO ANIMAL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Direito, da Faculdade de Direito, da Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Direito. Orientador: Professor Doutor Tagore Trajano de Almeida Silva. Linha de Pesquisa: Direitos Pós-Modernos: Bioética, Cibernética, Ecologia e Direito Animal. Salvador 2018 B862 Brito, Álvaro de Azevedo Alves Ensino jurídico e a transdisciplinaridade como método do direito animal / Álvaro de Azevedo Alves Brito. – 2018. 132 f. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Tagore Trajano de Almeida Silva. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Direito, Salvador, 2018. 1. Direito - Estudo e ensino. 2. Direitos dos animais. I. Silva, Tagore Trajano de Almeida. II. Universidade Federal da Bahia - Faculdade de Direito. III. Título. CDD-344.046954 TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO ÁLVARO DE AZEVEDO ALVES BRITO ENSINO JURÍDICO E A TRANSDISCIPLINARIDADE COMO MÉTODO DO DIREITO ANIMAL Dissertação aprovada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Direito, da Universidade Federal da Bahia, pela seguinte banca examinadora: Tagore Trajano de Almeida Silva – Orientador _______________________ Pós-doutor em Direito pela Pace Law School. Doutor em Direito pela Uiversidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Professor colaborador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Heron José de Santana Gordilho __________________________________ Pós-doutor em Direito pela Pace Law School. Doutor em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Professor titular do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Germana Parente Neiva Belchior __________________________________ Doutora em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Professora do curso de graduação e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito do Centro Universitário 7 de Setembro (UNI7). Salvador 2018 Devemos, pois, pensar o problema do ensino, considerando, por um lado, os efeitos cada vez mais graves da compartimentação dos saberes e da incapacidade de articulá-los, uns aos outros; por outro lado, considerando que a aptidão para contextualizar e integrar é uma qualidade fundamental da mente humana, que precisa ser desenvolvida, e não atrofiada. Edgar Morin (2012, p. 16). AGRADECIMENTOS O esforço e a dedicação são inerentes à pesquisa científica. Isso não significa que o caminho acadêmico seja solitário. O apoio da família, amigos e colegas tornou-se sustentáculo, sem o qual não seria possível levar a termo a presente Dissertação. Ao meu orientador, professor Tagore Trajano, um agradecimento especial pelos ensinamentos, incentivos e orientações pertinentes. O tirocínio e os artigos trabalhados, a quatros mãos, foram uma escola indelével. Agradeço, da mesma forma, ao professor Heron Gordilho, pelas observações e indicações de leitura, imprescindíveis para o desenvolvimento da presente pesquisa. Deixo meu carinho e agradecimento especial à minha família. Faltam-me as palavras necessárias para descrever o apoio incondicional atribuído. Aos meus pais, Fernando Antonio e Lorena, pelo amor concedido. A Lia, pelo companheirismo, críticas e orientações perpetradas; a Rafa, pelo auxílio fraternal, que a distância não inibiu; a Fernando, pelas pálpebras caídas, pelo cansaço e noites insones. Os deuses sabem que sem vocês o meu projeto de vida estaria em fase embrionária. Agradeço com igual intensidade às minhas tias Marília, Verbena Célia e Diva ( in memorian ), pelo amor e apoio logístico, que ultrapassam a esfera da carne. Ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal da Bahia (PPGD/UFBA), agradeço pelo espaço acadêmico, pelo suporte teórico e pelas interações intersubjetivas, que me propiciaram desenvolver uma pesquisa jurídica em uma linha pós- humana. Não posso deixar de agradecer a cada professor, servidor e colega, por acompanharem-me e apoiarem-me nessa salutar jornada científica, em busca do aprimoramento do ensino jurídico, da consolidação do Direito Animal e na busca acadêmica pela progressividade na justa tutela aos animais não-humanos. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), o merecido agradecimento, por apoiar-me materialmente e, portanto, ajudar-me a manter a perseverança na busca dos preceitos imateriais, contidos nos objetivos acima apontados. À Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (FTC), Campus Vitória da Conquista, agradeço pela oportunidade de conciliar as atividades de pesquisa com o sacerdócio do ensino. À espiritualidade, agradeço, pelo apoio incessante e pelo suporte moral nos meus passos cotidianos e na minha trajetória de vida. RESUMO A presente pesquisa objetiva analisar como a transdisciplinaridade, tendo como referência o pensamento complexo e o pensamento pós-humanista, pode apresentar-se como método de ensino do Direito Animal. O paradigma cartesiano promoveu a cisão entre filosofia e a ciência e, por consequência, a fragmentação do conhecimento e a produção e um saber unidimensional/disciplinar. A necessidade da superação da fragmentação do saber enseja, no Direito, a busca por novos paradigmas e por uma perspectiva transdisciplinar que compreenda os vários níveis de realidade apresentados nos complexos problemas cotidianos. A Resolução CNE/CP nº 9/2004, que estabeleceu as vigentes Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para os cursos de graduação em Direito, manteve a exigência à observância da interdisciplinaridade na formação dos estudantes — algo já previsto, em dimensão menor, desde a Portaria do MEC nº 1.886/1994. A nova proposta de reformolução dessas Diretrizes, de autoria da OAB, amplia a relevância da interdisciplinaridade no Direito, mencionando, inclusive, a transdisciplinaridade. Apesar disso, essa proposta de reformulação ignora a necessidade da obrigatoriedade dos conteúdos do Direito Animal no currículo, muito embora tenha incluído a previsão de conteúdos relativos ao Direito Ambiental. A iniciativa da adoção da interdisciplinaridade e da transdisciplinaridade no ensino jurídico parece ser obstacularizada por uma proposta de currículo composto por disciplinas jurídicas tradicionais, com perfil e métodos compatíveis com o paradigma cartesiano e, ainda, com o paradima antropocêntrico. Esta pesquisa concluiu que o Direito Animal, por suas características e pelas particularidades do seu objeto de estudo, por outro lado, exige a adoção de um método transdisciplinar, que se adéqua às exigências normativas do ensino jurídico brasileiro e que tem potencial para colaborar na desconstrução do viés curricular tradicional, de caráter cartesiano e antropocêntrico. Para tanto, teve-se como parâmetro uma pesquisa de caráter bibliográfico, que recorreu à análise documental, tendo como método de procedimento o monográfico e como baliza o diálogo entre o pensamento complexo e o pensamento pós-humanista no ensino jurídico. Palavras-chave : Ensino Jurídico; Transdisciplinaridade; Complexidade; Pós-humanismo; Direito Animal. ABSTRACT The present research aims to analyze how transdisciplinarity, using as reference the complex thinking and post-humanistic thinking, can be presented as a method of teaching Animal Law. The Cartesian paradigm promoted the split between philosophy and science and, consequently, the fragmentation of knowledge and production and a one- dimensional/disciplinary wisdom. The need to overcome the fragmentation of knowledge gave the opportunity, in law, to search for new paradigms and for a transdisciplinary perspective that understands the various levels of reality presented in the complex daily problems. Resolution CNE/CP (National Education Advisory Council/Full Concil, in Portuguese) nº 9/2004, which established the current National Curricular Guidelines for undergraduate courses in Law, maintained the requirement for observance of interdisciplinarity in the training of students - something already expected, in a smaller dimension, since the Ordinance of MEC (Ministry of Education, in Portuguese) nº 1.886/1994. The new proposal for reformulation of these Guidelines, authored by the OAB (Lawyers from Brazil Organization, in Portuguese), extends the relevance of interdisciplinarity in Law, mentioning, including, transdisciplinarity. Despite it, this reformulation proposal ignores the need for the mandatory content of Animal Law in the curriculum, even though it included the prediction of contents related to Environmental Law. The initiative of adopting interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in legal education seems to be obscured by a curriculum proposal composed of traditional legal disciplines, with profiles and methods compatible with the Cartesian paradigm and, also, with the anthropocentric paradigm. This research concluded that Animal Law, due to its characteristics and the particularities of its object of study, on the other hand, requires the adoption of a transdisciplinary method, which adequate itself to the normative requirements of Brazilian legal education and that there is potential to collaborate in the deconstruction of the traditional curricular bias, of Cartesian and anthropocentric character. For that, a bibliographic research was used as a parameter, which used the documentary analysis, using the monographic as a method
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