Appendix 1.

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10. Bruin, VM, Bittencourt, LR, Tufik, S: Sleep-wake disturbances in Parkinson's disease: current evidence regarding diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Eur Neurol 2012; 67: 257.

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19. Coyne, KS, Matza, LS, Brewster-Jordan, J: "We have to stop again?!": The impact of overactive bladder on family members. Neurourol Urodyn 2009; 28: 969.

20. Coyne, KS, Sexton, CC, Kopp, ZS et al.: The impact of overactive bladder on mental health, work productivity and health-related quality of life in the UK and Sweden: results from EpiLUTS. BJU Int 2011; 108: 1459.

21. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression: EpiLUTS. BJU Int 2009; 103 Suppl 3: 4.

22. Coyne, KS, Zhou, Z, Thompson, C et al.: The impact on health-related quality of life of stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence. BJU Int 2003; 92: 731.

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27. Fleming, WE, Pollak, CP: Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Semin Neurol 2005; 25: 64.

28. Foley, DJ, Vitiello, MV, Bliwise, DL et al.: Frequent napping is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain, and nocturia in older adults: findings from the National Sleep Foundation '2003 Sleep in America' Poll. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15: 344.

29. Fujikawa, K, Kasahara, M, Matsui, Y et al.: Human atrial natriuretic peptide is a useful criterion in treatment of nocturia. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2001; 35: 310.

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36. Hakkinen, JT, Shiri, R, Koskimaki, J et al.: Depressive symptoms increase the incidence of nocturia: Tampere Aging Male Urologic Study (TAMUS). J Urol 2008; 179: 1897.

37. Hayes, D, Jr., Anstead, MI, Ho, J et al.: Insomnia and chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2009; 14: 171.

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42. Kaminska, M, Kimoff, R, Benedetti, A et al.: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2012; 18: 1159.

43. Kebebew, E, Duh, QY, Clark, OH: Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in octogenarians and nonagenarians: a plea for early surgical referral. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 867.

44. Kujubu, DA, Aboseif, SR: An overview of nocturia and the syndrome of nocturnal polyuria in the elderly. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008; 4: 426.

45. Kupelian, V, Rosen, RC, Link, CL et al.: Association of urological symptoms and chronic illness in men and women: contributions of symptom severity and duration--results from the BACH Survey. J Urol 2009; 181: 694.

46. Kupelian, V, Wei, JT, O'Leary, MP et al.: Nocturia and quality of life: results from the Boston area community health survey. Eur Urol 2012; 61: 78.

47. Launois, SH, Pepin, JL, Levy, P: Sleep apnea in the elderly: a specific entity? Sleep Med Rev 2007; 11: 87.

48. Liao, WC, Huang, CY, Huang, TY et al.: A systematic review of sleep patterns and factors that disturb sleep after heart surgery. J Nurs Res 2011; 19: 275.

49. Lo Coco, D, La Bella, V: Fatigue, sleep, and nocturnal complaints in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 760.

50. Lo Coco, D, Mattaliano, P, Spataro, R et al.: Sleep-wake disturbances in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82: 839.

51. Lumachi, F, Zucchetta, P, Angelini, F et al.: Tumors of the parathyroid glands. Changes in clinical features and in noninvasive localization studies sensitivity. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2000; 19: 7.

52. Macaulay, AJ, Stern, RS, Holmes, DM et al.: Micturition and the mind: psychological factors in the aetiology and treatment of urinary symptoms in women. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 294: 540. 53. Markland, AD, Vaughan, CP, Johnson, TM, 2nd et al.: Prevalence of nocturia in United States men: results from the National Health and Examination Survey. J Urol 2011; 185: 998.

54. Marschall-Kehrel, D: Update on nocturia: the best of rest is sleep. Urology 2004; 64: 21.

55. McCrae, CS: Late-life comorbid insomnia: diagnosis and treatment. Am J Manag Care 2009; 15 Suppl: S14.

56. Menza, M, Dobkin, RD, Marin, H et al.: Sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 25 Suppl 1: S117.

57. Mevcha, A, Gulur, DM, Gillatt, D: Diagnosing urological disorders in ageing men. Practitioner 2010; 254: 25.

58. Milsom, I, Kaplan, SA, Coyne, KS et al.: Effect of Bothersome Overactive Bladder Symptoms on Health- related Quality of Life, Anxiety, Depression, and Treatment Seeking in the United States: Results From EpiLUTS. Urology 2012; 80: 90.

59. Morley, JE: An overview of diabetes mellitus in older persons. Clin Geriatr Med 1999; 15: 211.

60. Newman, DK: Stating the case for overactive bladder: a nurse practicioner's perspective. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2004; 16: 1.

61. Nodel, MR: [Effects of the dopamine agonist mirapex (pramipexole) therapy on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2010; 110: 42.

62. Novi, JM, Jeronis, S, Srinivas, S et al.: Risk of irritable bowel syndrome and depression in women with interstitial cystitis: a case-control study. J Urol 2005; 174: 937.

63. Oliveira, DS, Hachul, H, Goto, V et al.: Effect of therapeutic massage on insomnia and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2012; 15: 21.

64. Palmer, MH, Hardin, SR, Behrend, C et al.: Urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in patients with heart failure. J Urol 2009; 182: 196.

65. Partinen, M: Sleep disorder related to Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 1997; 244: S3.

66. Perez Lloret, S, Rossi, M, Merello, M et al.: Nonmotor symptoms groups in Parkinson's disease patients: results of a pilot, exploratory study. Parkinsons Dis 2011; 2011: 473579.

67. Perez-Lloret, S, Rossi, M, Nouzeilles, MI et al.: Parkinson's disease sleep scale, sleep logs, and actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep in parkinsonian patients. J Neurol 2009; 256: 1480.

68. Pilcher, M, MacArthur, J: Patient experiences of bladder problems following stroke. Nurs Stand 2012; 26: 39.

69. Poggesi, A, Pracucci, G, Chabriat, H et al.: Urinary complaints in nondisabled elderly people with age- related white matter changes: the Leukoaraiosis And DISability (LADIS) Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 1638.

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74. Shaw, C, Matthews, RJ, Perry, SI et al.: Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to measure the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life: the Leicester Impact Scale. Neurourol Urodyn 2004; 23: 229.

75. Shaw, HA, Burrows, LJ: Etiology and treatment of overactive bladder in women. South Med J 2011; 104: 34.

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77. Spica, V, Pekmezovic, T, Svetel, M et al.: Prevalence of non-motor symptoms in young-onset versus late- onset Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2012.

78. Stanton, BR, Barnes, F, Silber, E: Sleep and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2006; 12: 481.

79. Suzuki, K, Miyamoto, M, Miyamoto, T et al.: Sleep disturbances associated with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis 2011; 2011: 219056.

80. Suzuki, K, Miyamoto, M, Miyamoto, T et al.: [Sleep disturbances in patients with Parkinson disease]. Brain Nerve 2012; 64: 342.

81. Theander, L, Strombeck, B, Mandl, T et al.: Sleepiness or fatigue? Can we detect treatable causes of tiredness in primary Sjogren's syndrome? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49: 1177.

82. Tincello, DG, Walker, AC: Interstitial cystitis in the UK: results of a questionnaire survey of members of the Interstitial Cystitis Support Group. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2005; 118: 91.

83. Tom, SE, Kuh, D, Guralnik, JM et al.: Self-reported sleep difficulty during the menopausal transition: results from a prospective cohort study. Menopause 2010; 17: 1128.

84. Tyagi, S, Thomas, CA, Hayashi, Y et al.: The overactive bladder: Epidemiology and morbidity. Urol Clin North Am 2006; 33: 433.

85. van der Vaart, CH, Roovers, JP, de Leeuw, JR et al.: Association between urogenital symptoms and depression in community-dwelling women aged 20 to 70 years. Urology 2007; 69: 691.

86. Vena, C, Parker, K, Allen, R et al.: Sleep-wake disturbances and quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2006; 33: 761.

87. Wang, TJ, Lee, SC, Tsay, SL et al.: Factors influencing heart failure patients' sleep quality. J Adv Nurs 2010; 66: 1730. 88. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia. J Urol 2000; 163: 5.

89. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia. Curr Urol Rep 2003; 4: 362.

90. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia in women. Womens Health (Lond Engl) 2006; 2: 647.

91. Weiss, JP, Weinberg, AC, Blaivas, JG: New aspects of the classification of nocturia. Curr Urol Rep 2008; 9: 362.

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94. Wyndaele, JJ: Nocturia and quality of life. Eur Urol 2012; 61: 85.

95. Yoo, SS, Shim, BS, Lee, DH et al.: Correlation between Nocturia and Sleep: A Questionnaire Based Analysis. Korean J Urol 2010; 51: 757.

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96. Brown, JS, Subak, LL, Gras, J et al.: Urge incontinence: The patient's perspective. Journal of Womens Health 1998; 7: 1263.

97. Morley, JE: An overview of diabetes mellitus in older persons. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 1999; 15: 211.

98. Tauchert, R, Gildor, A, Lipinski, J: High-dose crataegus (Hawthorn) extract WS 1442 for the treatment of NYHA class II heart failure patients. Herz 1999; 24: 465.

99. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia. Journal of Urology 2000; 163: 5.

100. Bulpitt, CJ, Connor, M, Schulte, M et al.: Bisoprolol and nifedipine retard in elderly hypertensive patients: effect on quality of life. Journal of Human Hypertension 2000; 14: 205.

101. Lumachi, F, Zucchetta, P, Angelini, F et al.: Tumors of the parathyroid glands. Changes in clinical features and in noninvasive localization studies sensitivity. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 2000; 19: 7.

102. Stocchi, F, Brusa, L, Vacca, L et al.: Sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease. European Journal of Neurology 2000; 7: 21.

103. Young, A, Horne, M, Churchward, T et al.: Comparison of sleep disturbance in mild versus severe Parkinson's disease. Sleep 2002; 25: 573.

104. Steers, WD: Overactive bladder (OAB): What we thought we knew and what we know today. European Urology Supplements 2002; 1: 3.

105. Kebebew, E, Duh, QY, Clark, OH: Parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in octogenarians and nonagenarians - A plea for early surgical referral. Archives of Surgery 2003; 138: 867. 106. Thuroff, JW: OAB evidence from the urologist's perspective. European Urology Supplements 2003; 2: 10.

107. Coyne, KS, Zhou, Z, Thompson, C et al.: The impact on health-related quality of life of stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence. BJU International 2003; 92: 731.

108. McCrae, CS: Late-Life Comorbid Insomnia: Diagnosis and Treatment. American Journal of Managed Care 2009; 15: S14.

109. Shaw, C, Matthews, RJ, Perry, SI et al.: Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to measure the impact of lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life: The Leicester impact scale. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2004; 23: 229.

110. Endeshaw, YW, Johnson, TM, Kutner, MH et al.: Sleep-disordered breathing and nocturia in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004; 52: 957.

111. Asplund, R, Henriksson, S, Johansson, S et al.: Nocturia and depression. BJU International 2004; 93: 1253.

112. Guilleminault, C, Lin, CM, Goncalves, MA et al.: A prospective study of nocturia and the quality of life of elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea or sleep onset insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004; 56: 511.

113. Coyne, KS, Payne, C, Bhattacharyya, SK et al.: The impact of urinary urgency and frequency on health- related quality of life in overactive bladder: Results from a national community survey. Value in Health 2004; 7: 455.

114. Tincello, DG, Walker, ACH: Interstitial cystitis in the UK: results of a questionnaire survey of members of the Interstitial Cystitis Support Group. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2005; 118: 91.

115. Asplund, R: Nocturia: consequences for sleep and daytime activities and associated risks. European Urology Supplements 2005; 3: 24.

116. Marschall-Kehrel, D: Update on nocturia: The best of rest is sleep. Urology 2004; 64: 21.

117. Schulman, CC, Asplund, R, Desgrandchamps, F et al.: The impact of nocturia on health status and quality of life in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). European Urology Supplements 2005; 4: 1.

118. Asplund, R, Marnetoft, SU, Selander, J et al.: Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women. BJU International 2005; 95: 816.

119. Asplund, R, Johansson, S, Henriksson, S et al.: Nocturia, depression and antidepressant medication. BJU International 2005; 95: 820.

120. Fleming, WE, Pollak, CP: Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Seminars in Neurology 2005; 25: 64.

121. Asplund, R: Visual impairment, sleep and nocturia in the elderly. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2005; 41: 61. 122. Novi, JM, Jeronis, S, Srinivas, S et al.: Risk of irritable bowel syndrome and depression in women with interstitial cystitis: A case-control study. Journal of Urology 2005; 174: 937.

123. Gourova, LW, Van de Beek, C, Spigt, MG et al.: Predictive factors for nocturia in elderly men: a cross- sectional study in 21 general practices. BJU International 2006; 97: 528.

124. Krakow, B, Melendrez, D, Warner, TD et al.: Signs and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing in trauma survivors - A matched comparison with classic sleep apnea patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2006; 194: 433.

125. Vena, C, Parker, KP, Allen, R et al.: Sleep-wake disturbances and quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer. Oncology nursing forum 2006; 33: 761.

126. Stanton, BR, Barnes, F, Silber, E: Sleep and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 2006; 12: 481.

127. Vitiello, MV, Foley, DJ, Bliwise, DL et al.: Frequent napping in older adults is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain and nocturia. Journal of Sleep Research 2006; 15: 130.

128. Tyagi, S, Thomas, CA, Hayashi, Y et al.: The overactive bladder: Epidemiology and morbidity. Urologic Clinics of North America 2006; 33: 433.

129. Milsom, I, Irwin, DE: A cross-sectional, population-based, multinational study of the prevalence of overactive bladder and lower urinary tract symptoms: Results from the EPIC study. European Urology Supplements 2007; 6: 4.

130. Brostrom, A, Johansson, P, Stromberg, A et al.: Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome - patients' perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2007; 57: 318.

131. Foley, DJ, Vitiello, MV, Bliwise, DL et al.: Frequent napping is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain, and nocturia in older adults: Findings from the National Sleep Foundation '2003 Sleep in America' Poll. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2007; 15: 344.

132. Schneider, T, Stanley, N: Impact of nocturia on sleep and energy. European Urology Supplements 2007; 6: 585.

133. Launois, SH, Pepin, JL, Levy, P: Sleep apnea in the elderly: A specific entity? Sleep Medicine Reviews 2007; 11: 87.

134. van der Vaart, CH, Roovers, J, de Leeuw, JRJ et al.: Association between urogenital symptoms and depression in community-dwelling women aged 20 to 70 years. Urology 2007; 69: 691.

135. Link, CL, Lutfey, KE, Steers, WD et al.: Is abuse causally related to urologic symptoms? Results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) survey. European Urology 2007; 52: 397.

136. Cornu, JN, Roupret, M: Impact of nocturia on the daily life of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. Progres En Urologie 2007; 17: 1033.

137. Hakkinen, JT, Shiri, R, Koskimaki, J et al.: Depressive symptoms increase the incidence of nocturia: Tampere aging male urologic study (TAMUS). Journal of Urology 2008; 179: 1897. 138. Laumann, EO, Kang, JH, Glasser, DB et al.: Lower urinary tract symptoms are associated with depressive symptoms in white, black and Hispanic men in the United States. Journal of Urology 2008; 180: 233.

139. Poggesi, A, Pracucci, G, Chabriat, H et al.: Urinary complaints in nondisabled elderly people with age- related white matter changes: The Leukoaraiosis And DISability (LADIS) Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008; 56: 1638.

140. Gopal, M, Sammel, MD, Pien, G et al.: Investigating the Associations Between Nocturia and Sleep Disorders in Perimenopausal Women. Journal of Urology 2008; 180: 2063.

141. Kupelian, V, Rosen, RC, Link, CL et al.: Association of Urological Symptoms and Chronic Illness in Men and Women: Contributions of Symptom Severity and Duration-Results From the BACH Survey. Journal of Urology 2009; 181: 694.

142. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression: EpiLUTS. BJU International 2009; 103: 4.

143. Rosen, RC, Link, CL, O'Leary, MP et al.: Lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual health: the role of gender, lifestyle and medical comorbidities. BJU International 2009; 103: 42.

144. Palmer, MH, Hardin, SR, Behrend, C et al.: Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder in Patients With Heart Failure. Journal of Urology 2009; 182: 196.

145. Hayes, D, Anstead, MI, Ho, J et al.: Insomnia and chronic heart failure. Heart Failure Reviews 2009; 14: 171.

146. Darowski, A, Chambers, S, Chambers, DJ: Antidepressants and Falls in the Elderly. Drugs Aging 2009; 26: 381.

147. Perez-Lloret, S, Rossi, M, Nouzeilles, MI et al.: Parkinson's disease sleep scale, sleep logs, and actigraphy in the evaluation of sleep in parkinsonian patients. Journal of Neurology 2009; 256: 1480.

148. Barone, P, Antonini, A, Colosimo, C et al.: The Priamo Study: A Multicenter Assessment of Nonmotor Symptoms and Their Impact on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease. Movement Disorders 2009; 24: 1641.

149. Coyne, KS, Matza, LS, Brewster-Jordan, J: "We Have to Stop Again?!": The Impact of Overactive Bladder on Family Members. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009; 28: 969.

150. Tikkinen, KAO, Johnson, TM, Tammela, TLJ et al.: Nocturia Frequency, Bother, and Quality of Life: How Often Is Too Often? A Population-Based Study in Finland. European Urology 2010; 57: 488.

151. De Cock, VC, Abouda, M, Leu, S et al.: Is obstructive sleep apnea a problem in Parkinson's disease? Sleep Medicine 2010; 11: 247.

152. Menza, M, Dobkin, RD, Marin, H et al.: Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease. Movement Disorders 2010; 25: S117.

153. Theander, L, Strombeck, B, Mandl, T et al.: Sleepiness or fatigue? Can we detect treatable causes of tiredness in primary Sjogren's syndrome? Rheumatology 2010; 49: 1177. 154. Nodel, MR: Effects of the dopamine agonist mirapex (pramipexole) therapy on sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease. Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova 2010; 110: 42.

155. Wang, TJ, Lee, SC, Tsay, SL et al.: Factors influencing heart failure patients' sleep quality. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2010; 66: 1730.

156. Shaw, HA, Burrows, LJ: Etiology and Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Women. Southern Medical Journal 2011; 104: 34.

157. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: Nocturia Associated With Depressive Symptoms. Urology 2011; 77: 183.

158. Markland, AD, Vaughan, CP, Johnson, TM et al.: Prevalence of Nocturia in United States Men: Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of Urology 2011; 185: 998.

159. Warren, JW, Horne, L, Diggs, C et al.: Nocturia in Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Urology 2011; 77: 1308.

160. Lo Coco, D, Mattaliano, P, Spataro, R et al.: Sleep-wake disturbances in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2011; 82: 839.

161. Coyne, KS, Sexton, CC, Kopp, ZS et al.: The impact of overactive bladder on mental health, work productivity and health-related quality of life in the UK and Sweden: results from EpiLUTS. BJU International 2011; 108: 1459.

162. Kupelian, V, Wei, JT, O'Leary, MP et al.: Nocturia and Quality of Life: Results from the Boston Area Community Health Survey. European Urology 2012; 61: 78.

163. Liao, WC, Huang, CY, Huang, TY et al.: A Systematic Review of Sleep Patterns and Factors That Disturb Sleep After Heart Surgery. Journal of Nursing Research 2011; 19: 275.

164. Oliveira, DS, Hachul, H, Goto, V et al.: Effect of therapeutic massage on insomnia and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. Climacteric 2012; 15: 21.

165. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: IPSS quality of life question: a possible indicator of depression among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Canadian Journal of Urology 2012; 19: 6100.

166. Lo Coco, D, La Bella, V: Fatigue, sleep, and nocturnal complaints in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology 2012; 19: 760.

167. Kim, HW, Kim, SH, Choi, JB et al.: The effects of anxiety and depression on nocturia-induced sleep problems. European Urology Supplements 2012; 11: E219.

168. Bruin, VMS, Bittencourt, LRA, Tufik, S: Sleep-Wake Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease: Current Evidence regarding Diagnostic and Therapeutic Decisions. European Neurology 2012; 67: 257.

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1. Asplund, R: Nocturia: Consequences for sleep and daytime activities and associated risks. European Urology, Supplements 2005; 3: 24.

2. Asplund, R, Henriksson, S, Johansson, S et al.: Nocturia and depression. BJU International 2004; 93: 1253.

3. Asplund, R, Johansson, S, Henriksson, S et al.: Nocturia, depression and antidepressant medication. BJU International 2005; 95: 820.

4. Asplund, R, Marnetoft, SU, Selander, J et al.: Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women. BJU International 2005; 95: 816.

5. Barone, P, Amboni, M, Vitale, C et al.: Treatment of nocturnal disturbances and excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 2004; 63: S35.

6. Baum, N: Overactive bladder in the geriatric patient. Clinical Geriatrics 2005; 13: 14.

7. Booth, J, McMillan, L: The impact of nocturia on older people - implications for nursing practice. British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing) 2009; 18: 592.

8. Booth, J, O'Neill, K, Lawrence, M et al.: Differences in prevalence of nocturia and impact on quality of life in a deprived and affluent community sample in Scotland. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2011; 22: S818.

9. Cardozo, L: Overactive bladder. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2009; 107: S14.

10. Coyne, KS, Matza, LS, Brewster-Jordan, J: "We have to stop again?!": The impact of overactive bladder on family members. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009; 28: 969.

11. Coyne, KS, Payne, C, Bhattacharyya, SK et al.: The impact of urinary urgency and frequency on health- related quality of life in overactive bladder: Results from a national community survey. Value in Health 2004; 7: 455.

12. Coyne, KS, Sexton, CC, Kopp, ZS et al.: The impact of overactive bladder on mental health, work productivity and health-related quality of life in the UK and Sweden: Results from EpiLUTS. BJU International 2011; 108: 1459.

13. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: Evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression. BJU International 2009; 103: 4.

14. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression: EpiLUTS. BJU Int 2009; 103 Suppl 3: 4.

15. Coyne, KS, Zhou, Z, Thompson, C et al.: The impact on health-related quality of life of stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence. BJU International 2003; 92: 731.

16. Endeshaw, YW, Johnson, TM, Kutner, MH et al.: Sleep-disordered breathing and nocturia in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2004; 52: 957. 17. Engstrom, G: Distress from lower urinary tract symptoms and its effect on the quality of life in Swedish men. Journal of Men's Health 2009; 6: 114.

18. Fitzgerald, MP, Davila Ramon, AL, Garcia, A et al.: Nocturia prevalence and association with chronic medical illness, 2- year mortality in older Puerto Rican men. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009; 28: 927.

19. Fitzgerald, MP, Link, CL, Litman, HJ et al.: Beyond the Lower Urinary Tract: The Association of Urologic and Sexual Symptoms with Common Illnesses. European Urology 2007; 52: 407.

20. Fujikawa, K, Kasahara, M, Matsui, Y et al.: Human atrial natriuretic peptide is a useful criterion in treatment of nocturia. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2001; 35: 310.

21. Gopal, M, Sammel, MD, Pien, G et al.: Investigating the Associations Between Nocturia and Sleep Disorders in Perimenopausal Women. Journal of Urology 2008; 180: 2063.

22. Gourova, LW, van de Beek, C, Spigt, MG et al.: Predictive factors for nocturia in elderly men: a cross- sectional study in 21 general practices. BJU Int 2006; 97: 528.

23. Griebling, TL: Re: Is well-being associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with stroke? Journal of Urology 2012; 187: 1753.

24. Griebling, TL: Re: Risk factors for overactive bladder in the elderly population: A community-based study with face-to-face interview. Journal of Urology 2012; 187: 209.

25. Guilleminault, C, Lin, CM, Goncalves, MA et al.: A prospective study of nocturia and the quality of life of elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea or sleep onset insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2004; 56: 511.

26. Hakkinen, JT, Shiri, R, Koskimaki, J et al.: Depressive Symptoms Increase the Incidence of Nocturia: Tampere Aging Male Urologic Study (TAMUS). Journal of Urology 2008; 179: 1897.

27. Hashim, H, Coyne, K, Chapple, C et al.: Nocturia: Risk factors and associated comorbid conditions findings from an international cross-sectional study: EpiLUTS. European Urology, Supplements 2011; 10: 278.

28. Hunskaar, S: Epidemiology of nocturia. BJU International 2005; 96: 4.

29. Jeong, SH, Kim, JH, Ahn, YM et al.: A 2-year prospective follow-up study of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients treated with clozapine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2008; 28: 618.

30. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: IPSS quality of life question: a possible indicator of depression among patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Canadian Journal of Urology 2012; 19: 6100.

31. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: Nocturia associated with depressive symptoms. Urology 2011; 77: 183.

32. Ju, GW, Yoon, IY, Lee, SD et al.: Nocturic frequeucy in sleep-disordered breathing. Journal of Sleep Research 2010; 19: 304.

33. Kim, HW, Kim, SH, Choi, JB et al.: The effects of anxiety and depression on nocturia-induced sleep problems. European Urology Supplements 2012; 11: E219. 34. Kinjou, M, Yoshimura, Y, Sekiguchi, Y et al.: The relationship between female overactive bladder and depression status. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2011; 22: S638.

35. Kirby, M, Thor, KB: Is duloxetine safe and effective for the treatment of overactive bladder? Commentary. Nature Clinical Practice Urology 2008; 5: 188.

36. Krystal, AD, Preud'homme, XA, Amundsen, CL et al.: Nocturnal detrusor overactivity in overactive bladder syndrome: A nocturnal cystometrographic and polysomnographic study. Sleep 2010; 33: A293.

37. Kujubu, DA, Aboseif, SR: An overview of nocturia and the syndrome of nocturnal polyuria in the elderly. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008; 4: 426.

38. Kupelian, V, Rosen, RC, Link, CL et al.: Association of Urological Symptoms and Chronic Illness in Men and Women: Contributions of Symptom Severity and Duration-Results From the BACH Survey. Journal of Urology 2009; 181: 694.

39. Kupelian, V, Wei, JT, O'Leary, MP et al.: Nocturia and quality of life: Results from the Boston area community health survey. European Urology 2012; 61: 78.

40. Laumann, EO, Kang, Jh, Glasser, DB et al.: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms are Associated With Depressive Symptoms in White, Black and Hispanic Men in the United States. Journal of Urology 2008; 180: 233.

41. Lo Coco, D, La Bella, V: Fatigue, sleep, and nocturnal complaints in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. European Journal of Neurology 2012; 19: 760.

42. Macaulay, AJ, Stern, RS, Holmes, DM et al.: Micturition and the mind: Psychological factors in the aetiology and treatment of urinary symptoms in women. British Medical Journal 1987; 294: 540.

43. Marinkovic, SP, Gillen, LM, Stanton, SL: Managing nocturia. British Medical Journal 2004; 328: 1063.

44. Markland, AD, Johnson, TM, Goode, PS et al.: Prevalence and risk factors for nocturia in US men: National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey Data. Journal of Urology 2010; 183: e104.

45. Markland, AD, Vaughan, CP, Johnson Ii, TM et al.: Prevalence of nocturia in United States men: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. Journal of Urology 2011; 185: 998.

46. Marschall-Kehrel, D: Update on nocturia: The best of rest is sleep. Urology 2004; 64: 21.

47. Milsom, I, Irwin, DE: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based, Multinational Study of the Prevalence of Overactive Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Results from the EPIC Study. European Urology, Supplements 2007; 6: 4.

48. Milsom, I, Kaplan, SA, Coyne, KS et al.: Effect of bothersome overactive bladder symptoms on health- related quality of life, anxiety, depression, and treatment seeking in the United States: Results from EpiLUTS. Urology 2012; 80: 90.

49. Miwa, Y, Oyama, N, Akino, H et al.: Are sleep disorders and nocturia independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction? Journal of Urology 2011; 185: e530. 50. Miyazato, M, Nakagawa, H, Izumi, H et al.: Green tea consumption is associated with nocturia in a Japanese elderly population. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2010; 29: 1182.

51. Muscatello, DJ, Rissel, C, Szonyi, G: Urinary symptoms and incontinence in an urban community: Prevalence and associated factors in older men and women. Internal Medicine Journal 2001; 31: 151.

52. Oh-Oka, H: Editorial Comment to Correlates for nocturia: A review of epidemiological studies. International Journal of Urology 2012; 19: 330.

53. Price, M, Hill, K, Medcalf, P: Nocturnal problems in Parkinson's disease. CME Journal Geriatric Medicine 2011; 13: 92.

54. Redeker, NS, Adams, L, Berkowitz, R et al.: Nocturia, sleep and daytime function in stable heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure 2012; 18: 569.

55. Schneider, T, De La Rosette, JJ, Michel, MC: Nocturia: A non-specific but important symptom of urological disease. International Journal of Urology 2009; 16: 249.

56. Schneider, T, Stanley, N: Impact of Nocturia on Sleep and Energy{A figure is presented}. European Urology, Supplements 2007; 6: 585.

57. Schulman, CC, Asplund, R, Desgrandchamps, F et al.: The impact of nocturia on health status and quality of life in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). European Urology, Supplements 2005; 4: 1.

58. Sexton, CC, Coyne, KS, Thompson, C et al.: Prevalence and effect on health-related quality of life of overactive bladder in older americans: results from the epidemiology of lower urinary tract symptoms study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59: 1465.

59. Steers, WD: Overactive bladder (OAB): What we thought we knew and what we know today. European Urology, Supplement 2002; 1: 3.

60. Tikkinen, KAO, Auvinen, A, Johnson, TM et al.: A systematic evaluation of factors associated with nocturia - The population-based FINNO study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 170: 361.

61. Tikkinen, KAO, Johnson, TM, Tammela, TLJ et al.: Nocturia Frequency, Bother, and Quality of Life: How Often Is Too Often? A Population-Based Study in Finland. European Urology 2010; 57: 488.

62. van der Vaart, CH, Roovers, J, de Leeuw, JRJ et al.: Association between urogenital symptoms and depression in community-dwelling women aged 20 to 70 years. Urology 2007; 69: 691.

63. van Kerrebroeck, P, Rezapour, M, Cortesse, A et al.: Desmopressin in the Treatment of Nocturia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. European Urology 2007; 52: 221.

64. Vitiello, MV, Foley, DJ, Bliwise, DL et al.: Frequent napping in older adults is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, pain and nocturia. Journal of Sleep Research 2006; 15: 130.

65. Warren, JW, Horne, L, Diggs, C et al.: Nocturia in Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Urology 2011; 77: 1308. 66. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia. Journal of Urology 2000; 163: 5.

67. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia. Current Urology Reports 2003; 4: 362.

68. Weiss, JP, Blaivas, JG: Nocturia in women. Women's Health 2006; 2: 647.

69. Weiss, JP, Weinberg, AC, Blaivas, JG: New aspects of the classification of nocturia. Current Urology Reports 2008; 9: 362.

70. Wong, SY, Hong, A, Leung, J et al.: Lower urinary tract symptoms and depressive symptoms in elderly men. J Affect Disord 2006; 96: 83.

71. Wyndaele, JJ: Nocturia and quality of life. Eur Urol 2012; 61: 85.

72. Xu, K, Chen, Y, Hu, H et al.: Prevalence of overactive bladder in Chinese females. Urology 2009; 74: S237.

73. Yoo, SS, Shim, BS, Lee, DH et al.: Correlation between nocturia and sleep: A questionnaire based analysis. Korean Journal of Urology 2010; 51: 757.

74. Yoon, H, Jun, GM, Shim, BS et al.: Lower urinary tract symptoms and sleep disorders in adults. Neurourology and Urodynamics 2009; 28: 716.

75. Yoshimura, K: Correlates for nocturia: A review of epidemiological studies. International Journal of Urology 2012; 19: 317.

Minus citations related to medical/neurologic conditions and nocturia, reviews with only cursory menton nocturia and depression/anxeity(n=45):

1. Asplund, R, Henriksson, S, Johansson, S et al.: Nocturia and depression. BJU International 2004; 93: 1253.

2. Asplund, R, Johansson, S, Henriksson, S et al.: Nocturia, depression and antidepressant medication. BJU International 2005; 95: 820.

3. Asplund, R, Marnetoft, SU, Selander, J et al.: Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women. BJU International 2005; 95: 816.

4. Booth, J, O'Neill, K, Lawrence, M et al.: Differences in prevalence of nocturia and impact on quality of life in a deprived and affluent community sample in Scotland. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2011; 22: S818.

5. Coyne, KS, Sexton, CC, Kopp, ZS et al.: The impact of overactive bladder on mental health, work productivity and health-related quality of life in the UK and Sweden: Results from EpiLUTS. BJU International 2011; 108: 1459. 6. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: Evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression. BJU International 2009; 103: 4.

7. Fitzgerald, MP, Link, CL, Litman, HJ et al.: Beyond the Lower Urinary Tract: The Association of Urologic and Sexual Symptoms with Common Illnesses. European Urology 2007; 52: 407.

8. Gourova, LW, van de Beek, C, Spigt, MG et al.: Predictive factors for nocturia in elderly men: a cross- sectional study in 21 general practices. BJU Int 2006; 97: 528.

9. Hakkinen, JT, Shiri, R, Koskimaki, J et al.: Depressive Symptoms Increase the Incidence of Nocturia: Tampere Aging Male Urologic Study (TAMUS). Journal of Urology 2008; 179: 1897.

10. Hashim, H, Coyne, K, Chapple, C et al.: Nocturia: Risk factors and associated comorbid conditions findings from an international cross-sectional study: EpiLUTS. European Urology, Supplements 2011; 10: 278.

11. Jeong, SH, Kim, JH, Ahn, YM et al.: A 2-year prospective follow-up study of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients treated with clozapine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2008; 28: 618.

12. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: Nocturia associated with depressive symptoms. Urology 2011; 77: 183.

13. Kim, HW, Kim, SH, Choi, JB et al.: The effects of anxiety and depression on nocturia-induced sleep problems. European Urology Supplements 2012; 11: E219.

14. Kinjou, M, Yoshimura, Y, Sekiguchi, Y et al.: The relationship between female overactive bladder and depression status. International Urogynecology Journal and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction 2011; 22: S638.

15. Kirby, M, Thor, KB: Is duloxetine safe and effective for the treatment of overactive bladder? Commentary. Nature Clinical Practice Urology 2008; 5: 188.

16. Kupelian, V, Rosen, RC, Link, CL et al.: Association of Urological Symptoms and Chronic Illness in Men and Women: Contributions of Symptom Severity and Duration-Results From the BACH Survey. Journal of Urology 2009; 181: 694.

17. Kupelian, V, Wei, JT, O'Leary, MP et al.: Nocturia and quality of life: Results from the Boston area community health survey. European Urology 2012; 61: 78.

18. Macaulay, AJ, Stern, RS, Holmes, DM et al.: Micturition and the mind: Psychological factors in the aetiology and treatment of urinary symptoms in women. British Medical Journal 1987; 294: 540.

19. Markland, AD, Johnson, TM, Goode, PS et al.: Prevalence and risk factors for nocturia in US men: National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey Data. Journal of Urology 2010; 183: e104.

20. Markland, AD, Vaughan, CP, Johnson Ii, TM et al.: Prevalence of nocturia in United States men: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. Journal of Urology 2011; 185: 998.

21. Milsom, I, Irwin, DE: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based, Multinational Study of the Prevalence of Overactive Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Results from the EPIC Study. European Urology, Supplements 2007; 6: 4. 22. Milsom, I, Kaplan, SA, Coyne, KS et al.: Effect of bothersome overactive bladder symptoms on health- related quality of life, anxiety, depression, and treatment seeking in the United States: Results from EpiLUTS. Urology 2012; 80: 90.

23. Schulman, CC, Asplund, R, Desgrandchamps, F et al.: The impact of nocturia on health status and quality of life in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). European Urology, Supplements 2005; 4: 1.

24. Sexton, CC, Coyne, KS, Thompson, C et al.: Prevalence and effect on health-related quality of life of overactive bladder in older americans: results from the epidemiology of lower urinary tract symptoms study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59: 1465.

25. Steers, WD: Overactive bladder (OAB): What we thought we knew and what we know today. European Urology, Supplement 2002; 1: 3.

26. Tikkinen, KAO, Auvinen, A, Johnson, TM et al.: A systematic evaluation of factors associated with nocturia - The population-based FINNO study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 170: 361.

27. van der Vaart, CH, Roovers, J, de Leeuw, JRJ et al.: Association between urogenital symptoms and depression in community-dwelling women aged 20 to 70 years. Urology 2007; 69: 691.

28. Wong, SY, Hong, A, Leung, J et al.: Lower urinary tract symptoms and depressive symptoms in elderly men. J Affect Disord 2006; 96: 83.

29. Wyndaele, JJ: Nocturia and quality of life. Eur Urol 2012; 61: 85.

Minus citations without direct measures of association between depression/anxeity and nocturia, abstracts corresponding to already included studies (n=13):

1. Asplund, R, Henriksson, S, Johansson, S et al.: Nocturia and depression. BJU International 2004; 93: 1253.

2. Asplund, R, Marnetoft, SU, Selander, J et al.: Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women. BJU International 2005; 95: 816.

3. Asplund, R, Johansson, S, Henriksson, S et al.: Nocturia, depression and antidepressant medication. BJU International 2005; 95: 820.

4. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: Evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression. BJU International 2009; 103: 4.

5. Gourova, LW, van de Beek, C, Spigt, MG et al.: Predictive factors for nocturia in elderly men: a cross- sectional study in 21 general practices. BJU Int 2006; 97: 528.

6. Hakkinen, JT, Shiri, R, Koskimaki, J et al.: Depressive Symptoms Increase the Incidence of Nocturia: Tampere Aging Male Urologic Study (TAMUS). Journal of Urology 2008; 179: 1897. 7. Hashim, H, Coyne, K, Chapple, C et al.: Nocturia: Risk factors and associated comorbid conditions findings from an international cross-sectional study: EpiLUTS. European Urology, Supplements 2011; 10: 278.

8. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: Nocturia associated with depressive symptoms. Urology 2011; 77: 183.

9. Kupelian, V, Rosen, RC, Link, CL et al.: Association of Urological Symptoms and Chronic Illness in Men and Women: Contributions of Symptom Severity and Duration-Results From the BACH Survey. Journal of Urology 2009; 181: 694.

10. Kupelian, V, Wei, JT, O'Leary, MP et al.: Nocturia and quality of life: Results from the Boston area community health survey. European Urology 2012; 61: 78.

11. Markland, AD, Vaughan, CP, Johnson Ii, TM et al.: Prevalence of nocturia in United States men: Results from the national health and nutrition examination survey. Journal of Urology 2011; 185: 998.

12. Tikkinen, KAO, Auvinen, A, Johnson, TM et al.: A systematic evaluation of factors associated with nocturia - The population-based FINNO study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 170: 361.

13. van der Vaart, CH, Roovers, J, de Leeuw, JRJ et al.: Association between urogenital symptoms and depression in community-dwelling women aged 20 to 70 years. Urology 2007; 69: 691.

References further added based on expert opinion or supporting citations (n=20):

1. Abrams, P, Khoury, S, Grant, A: Evidence--based medicine overview of the main steps for developing and grading guideline recommendations. Prog Urol 2007; 17: 681.

2. Asplund, R, Henriksson, S, Johansson, S et al.: Nocturia and depression. BJU International 2004; 93: 1253.

3. Asplund, R, Johansson, S, Henriksson, S et al.: Nocturia, depression and antidepressant medication. BJU Int 2005; 95: 820.

4. Asplund, R, Marnetoft, SU, Selander, J et al.: Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women. BJU International 2005; 95: 816.

5. Blanker, MH, Bernsen, RM, Ruud Bosch, JL et al.: Normal values and determinants of circadian urine production in older men: a population based study. J Urol 2002; 168: 1453.

6. Coyne, KS, Wein, AJ, Tubaro, A et al.: The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: Evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression. BJU International 2009; 103: 4.

7. Gourova, LW, Van De Beek, C, Spigt, MG et al.: Predictive factors for nocturia in elderly men: A cross- sectional study in 21 general practices. BJU International 2006; 97: 528.

8. Hakkinen, JT, Shiri, R, Koskimaki, J et al.: Depressive symptoms increase the incidence of nocturia: Tampere Aging Male Urologic Study (TAMUS). J Urol 2008; 179: 1897. 9. Hashim, H, Coyne, K, Chapple, C et al.: Nocturia: Risk factors and associated comorbid conditions findings from an international cross-sectional study: EpiLUTS. European Urology, Supplements 2011; 10: 278.

10. Jimenez, DE, Bartels, SJ, Cardenas, V et al.: Stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among racial/ethnic older adults in primary care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013.

11. Johnson, TV, Abbasi, A, Ehrlich, SS et al.: Nocturia associated with depressive symptoms. Urology 2011; 77: 183.

12. Kobelt, G, Borgstrom, F, Mattiasson, A: Productivity, vitality and utility in a group of healthy professionally active individuals with nocturia. BJU Int 2003; 91: 190.

13. Kupelian, V, Rosen, RC, Link, CL et al.: Association of urological symptoms and chronic illness in men and women: contributions of symptom severity and duration--results from the BACH Survey. J Urol 2009; 181: 694.

14. Kupelian, V, Wei, JT, O'Leary, MP et al.: Nocturia and quality of life: results from the Boston area community health survey. Eur Urol 2012; 61: 78.

15. Markland, AD, Vaughan, CP, Johnson, TM, 2nd et al.: Prevalence of nocturia in United States men: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Urol 2011; 185: 998.

16. Meeus, M, Nijs, J, Van Mol, E et al.: Role of psychological aspects in both chronic pain and in daily functioning in chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective longitudinal study. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31: 921.

17. Shea, BJ, Hamel, C, Wells, GA et al.: AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. J Clin Epidemiol 2009; 62: 1013.

18. Steers, W: Overactive Bladder, urge incontinence and emotional disorders. AUA Update Series. Lesson 4. 2008.

19. Tikkinen, KAO, Auvinen, A, Johnson, TM et al.: A systematic evaluation of factors associated with nocturia - The population-based FINNO study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2009; 170: 361.

20. van der Vaart, CH, Roovers, JPWR, de Leeuw, JRJ et al.: Association Between Urogenital Symptoms and Depression in Community-Dwelling Women Aged 20 to 70 Years. Urology 2007; 69: 691.