sensors Review Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins Michael Dillon 1,2, Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydlowska 1, Christine Edwards 3, Andrew D. Turner 4 , Peter I. Miller 5 , Heather Moore 6, April McKinney 6, Linda Lawton 3 and Katrina Campbell 1,* 1 Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
[email protected] (M.D.);
[email protected] (M.A.Z.-M.) 2 Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 3 School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK;
[email protected] (C.E.);
[email protected] (L.L.) 4 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
[email protected] 5 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Remote Sensing Group, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;
[email protected] 6 Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK;
[email protected] (H.M.);
[email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence:
[email protected] Abstract: In the past twenty years marine biotoxin analysis in routine regulatory monitoring has advanced significantly in Europe (EU) and other regions from the use of the mouse bioassay (MBA) towards the high-end analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Citation: Dillon, M.; Zaczek- with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Previously, acceptance of these advanced methods, in pro- Moczydlowska, M.A.; Edwards, C.; gressing away from the MBA, was hindered by a lack of commercial certified analytical standards for Turner, A.D.; Miller, P.I.; Moore, H.; method development and validation.