DOCSLIB.ORG

Strategies to Improve the Determination of Polar Compounds in Environmental Waters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strategies to Improve the Determination of Polar Compounds in Environmental Waters STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta δ+ δ- UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta Daniela Salas Acosta STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS DOCTORAL THESIS Supervised by Prof. Rosa Maria Marcé and Dr. Núria Fontanals Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI Tarragona 2017 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta Mis más profundos agradecimientos a mis directoras la Prof. Rosa Maria Marcé y la Dra. Núria Fontanals; esta Tesis es el resultado de sus horas dedicadas a la enseñanza, gran experiencia y conocimientos, consejos y paciencia. En especial, gracias a la Prof. Marcé por depositar su confianza en mí mucho antes de conocerme y a miles de kilómetros de distancia, por darme la oportunidad que ha cambiado inmensamente mi vida para bien en muchos sentidos. A la Dra. Fontanals por su trato especialmente atento conmigo. Quisiera también agradecer al Prof. Francesc Borrull por acogerme en el grupo de investigación, y tener siempre abierta su puerta para cualquier duda o ayuda que pudiera necesitar. A las Dras. Eva Pocurull, Carme Aguilar y Marta Calull por los momentos compartidos juntos en grupo. Un agradecimiento especial a Tere por su ayuda incondicional, a Jaume por sus palabras y a Avelina por su apoyo en todo lo requerido. I would like to thank to all the people from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow who made my research stay such a nice experience. To Prof. Peter A. G. Cormack for his teaching, patience, kind words, positive attitude and all the help received. Thanks to him, I felt connected very quickly to the city and the research group. My special thanks to Tim McCabe for the amazing help received and all the good times shared. To Amaia, Ain, Ali, Mariam, Kimberley, Jennifer and Magda for their kindness and making me feel part of the group. I would also like to thank Ginny for her support, the talks and her warm welcome every day. Durante estos años he tenido la oportunidad de conocer a muchas personas de lugares, opiniones, ideas y personalidades distintas, de las cuales he aprendido mucho y que han enriquecido mucho mi día a día. A todos ustedes, muchas gracias. En especial a Mireia con quien he compartido una gran amistad aparte de un laboratorio. A Pol, por su gran ayuda incondicional y cariño. A Cristian, Núria G y Marta P por la complicidad y momentos divertidos. A Sameer y Alejandro por estar siempre que los necesité. A mi pana Julio por la fraternidad y a Eugenia, Laura T, Laura V, Alba, Paula, Estefanía y Tatiana por los cafés y palabras de ánimo. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta A mis amigos Mariano y Ani por todos estos años de experiencias compartidas. A mi madre quién es mi fuerza y voluntad, a mi padre que priorizó siempre mi educación y me inculcó el amor a aprender. A mi hermana y mi tía Gladys por confiar en mí más que yo misma. A Vic, porque sin tu apoyo en todos los aspectos juro que no estaría escribiendo estas líneas. Muchísimas gracias a todos. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta Index i INDEX ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... i CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 1.1. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography .................................... 17 1.1.1. Retention mechanisms in HILIC .................................................. 19 1.1.2. Parameters affecting chromatographic separation ..................... 26 1.1.3. HILIC applications ......................................................................... 32 1.1.3.1. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-based detection to determine emerging organic contaminants in environmental samples ......................................... 33 1.2. Mixed-mode ion-exchange polymeric sorbents for solid-phase extraction ..................................................................................................... 67 1.2.1. Development of mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbents .............. 70 1.2.2. Influence of the SPE protocol ...................................................... 76 1.2.3. Application of mixed-mode ion-exchange sorbents .................. 79 1.3. References ................................................................................................... 95 CHAPTER 2. OBJECTIVES .......................................................................... 119 CHAPTER 3. EXPERIMENTAL, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 123 3.1. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography as an alternative for the separation of polar compounds of environmental interest .. 127 3.1.1. Study of the retention behavior of iodinated X-ray contrast agents in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, comparing bare silica and zwitterionic stationary phases ........................................................ 133 3.1.2. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to high- resolution mass spectrometry to determine artificial sweeteners in environmental waters .......................................................................... 153 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE THE DETERMINATION OF POLAR COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATERS Daniela Salas Acosta ii Index 3.1.3. Discussion of results ..................................................................... 177 3.2. Alternative applications of mixed-mode ion-exchange polymeric sorbents for polar compounds .............................................................. 185 3.2.1. Study of the retention of benzotriazoles,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Toxicity Equivalence Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER
    JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER Cover photograph: © FAOemergencies JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity equivalence factors for marine biotoxins associated with bivalve molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ROME, 2016 Recommended citation: FAO/WHO. 2016. Technical paper on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs. Rome. 108 pp. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these are or have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall FAO and WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Author's Personal Copy
    Author's personal copy Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Encyclopedia of Toxicology. The copy attached is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research, and educational use. This includes without limitation use in instruction at your institution, distribution to specific colleagues, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From Hambright, K.D., Zamor, R.M., Easton, J.D., Allison, B., 2014. Algae. In: Wexler, P. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 3rd edition vol 1. Elsevier Inc., Academic Press, pp. 130–141. ISBN: 9780123864543 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier, Inc. unless otherwise stated. All rights reserved. Academic Press Author's personal copy Algae KD Hambright and RM Zamor, Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Biological Station, and Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA JD Easton and B Allison, Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Biological Station, University of Oklahoma, Kingston, OK, USA Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Keiko Okamoto and Lora E. Fleming, volume 1, pp 68–76, Ó 2005, Elsevier Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-Of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins
    sensors Review Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins Michael Dillon 1,2, Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydlowska 1, Christine Edwards 3, Andrew D. Turner 4 , Peter I. Miller 5 , Heather Moore 6, April McKinney 6, Linda Lawton 3 and Katrina Campbell 1,* 1 Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (M.A.Z.-M.) 2 Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK 3 School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; [email protected] (C.E.); [email protected] (L.L.) 4 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; [email protected] 5 Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Remote Sensing Group, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; [email protected] 6 Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; [email protected] (H.M.); [email protected] (A.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In the past twenty years marine biotoxin analysis in routine regulatory monitoring has advanced significantly in Europe (EU) and other regions from the use of the mouse bioassay (MBA) towards the high-end analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Citation: Dillon, M.; Zaczek- with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Previously, acceptance of these advanced methods, in pro- Moczydlowska, M.A.; Edwards, C.; gressing away from the MBA, was hindered by a lack of commercial certified analytical standards for Turner, A.D.; Miller, P.I.; Moore, H.; method development and validation.
    [Show full text]
  • Analytix 5/2015
    Issue 5 • 2015 Riedel-de Haën® Kromega® Certified Reference Materials by Jaytee® pg. 3 HPLC Instrument Calibration Phytochemical Standards Marine Biotoxin CRMs Carotenoid Standards Glucuronide Drug Testing BAM-Certified Reference Materials High-Quality HPLC Buffers Water Monitoring in Cosmetics Feature Article Sigma-Aldrich®’s Collaboration – Quality and Trust 3 Kromega® Certified Reference Materials by Jaytee® Now Available at Sigma-Aldrich® Dr. Magdalena Ulman Standards 5 Phytochemical Standards New Products and New Brochure Available Dear Reader, 6 Marine Biotoxin CRMs Products from the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Sigma-Aldrich® works continually to develop long-term Now Available through Sigma-Aldrich® relationships with suppliers who demonstrate excellent and consistent product quality. This includes not only reagents 8 Isomeric Distribution of Astaxanthin and standards, but also consumables needed for different analytical techniques. New Standards for all-trans, 9-cis and 13-cis Astaxanthin Our partners, such as Hellma® or Specac®, have already proven their outstanding 12 Traceability Means Reliability performance level and consulting experience in the areas of UV/VIS, fluorescence New Organic TraceCERT® CRMs for Chromatography and IR spectroscopy. This issue presents one of our newest important partners, who 14 Glucuronide Drug Testing Applications deliver innovative products and dependable service. by Mass Spectrometry Jaytee® is well respected among the UK’s largest pharmaceutical and chemical companies Certified Spiking Solutions® of Glucuronides as a quality lead supplier and service provider. The kromega range of Qualification Labware Standards for HPLC and UV Spectrophotometers is designed to provide you with a solid foundation for your HPLC and UV spectrophotometer instrumentation qualification. 16 New Hellma® TrayCell™ – Photometric Micro Volume Analysis in the Nanoliter Range The feature article in this issue focuses on Jaytee’s kromega standards and gives insight DNA/RNA – Simply Analyzed into this high-quality product group.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Throughput Analysis Demonstrates That Chemicals With
    1521-0111/87/4/595–605$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.114.096701 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Mol Pharmacol 87:595–605, April 2015 Copyright ª 2015 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Rapid Throughput Analysis Demonstrates that Chemicals with Distinct Seizurogenic Mechanisms Differentially Alter Ca21 Dynamics in Networks Formed by Hippocampal Neurons in Culture Zhengyu Cao, Xiaohan Zou, Yanjun Cui, Susan Hulsizer, Pamela J. Lein, Heike Wulff, and Isaac N. Pessah State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, Downloaded from School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.), University of California, Davis, California Received November 10, 2014; accepted January 12, 2015 ABSTRACT molpharm.aspetjournals.org Primary cultured hippocampal neurons (HN) form functional net- KAR competitive antagonist CNQX [6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline- works displaying synchronous Ca21 oscillations (SCOs) whose 2,3-dione] (1-10 mM) normalized Ca21 dynamics to the prekainate patterns influence plasticity. Whether chemicals with distinct pattern. Pilocarpine lacked Phase I activity but caused a sevenfold seizurogenic mechanisms differentially alter SCO patterns was prolongation of Phase II SCOs without altering either their fre- investigated using mouse HN loaded with the Ca21 indicator fluo- quency or amplitude, an effect normalized by atropine (0.3–1 mM). 4-AM. Intracellular Ca21 dynamics were recorded from 96 wells 4-AP (1–30 mM) elicited a delayed Phase I response associated simultaneously in real-time using fluorescent imaging plate reader.
    [Show full text]
  • Azaspiracids
    PART II ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF BIOTOXINS IN BIVALVE MOLLUSCS FTP551_Book.indb 31 27/03/2012 15:34:03 33 Azaspiracids This chapter was compiled by: Prof Michael Ryan, University of Dublin, Ireland Dr Emiko Ito, Chiba University, Japan Dr Gerrit Speijers, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands Dr Philipp Hess, Marine Institute, Ireland 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION1 The syndrome that later was named azaspiracid poisoning (AZP) was detected for the first time in 1995 among consumers in the Netherlands after eating blue mussels from Ireland. The symptoms were similar to those of diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP), but the concentration of the DSP toxins was low. Subsequently, the azaspiracid (AZA) toxin group was discovered. Thus far, AZAs have only been detected in Europe. The European Union (EU) has set a regulatory level of 0.16 mg/kg with mouse bioassay (MBA) as the reference method. However, an MBA protocol with adequate specificity or detectability has not been validated. Current testing is based on preliminary liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) methods using a limited supply of AZA-1 reference standard. 2. ORIGINS AND CHEMICAL DATA Azaspiracids are nitrogen-containing polyether toxins with a unique spiral ring assembly, a cyclic amine and a carboxylic acid, and were first detected in mussels (Mytilus edulis) in Ireland in 1995. Currently, 20 different congeners have been identified (Satake et al., 1998b; Ofuji et al., 1999a, 2001, James et al., 2003, Rehmann, Hess and Quilliam, 2008); however, toxicological information is only available for AZA- to -5 (Satake et al., 1998b; Ito et al., 1998, 2000, 2002; Ofuji et al., 1999a, 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Sacnas National Conference Research Presentation Abstracts
    2013 SACNAS NATIONAL CONFERENCE RESEARCH PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS Strengthening the Nation through Diversity, Innovation & Leadership in STEM San Antonio, Texas · October 3-6, 2013 Get Connected! Connect with the SACNAS community year-round through our social media channels. Join the conversation about the 2013 SACNAS National Conference with the official hashtag: #SACNAS2013 Help us trend this year for our 40th anniversary! Facebook www.facebook.com/SACNAS “Like” our official Facebook page, comment on our posts, and share your own experiences from the 2013 SACNAS National Conference by using the #SACNAS2013 hashtag. SACNAS Chapter members can also become fans of our Chapter Facebook page at www.facebook.com/SACNAS.Chapter Google+ gplus.to/sacnas Add our Google+ page to your circles and join the discussion about the conference with #SACNAS2013 LinkedIn www.linkedin.com/company/sacnas Include SACNAS in your professional network on LinkedIn and receive the latest updates about our community. Members can also engage with other professionals in our SACNAS LinkedIn group at www.linkedin.com/groups?gid=81952 Twitter twitter.com/sacnas Follow @sacnas on Twitter and get real-time tweets about the #SACNAS2013 conference. YouTube www.youtube.com/sacnasvideo Subscribe to our YouTube channel and watch videos about SACNISTAS! SACNAS gratefully acknowledges the generous contributions of the following partners, whose support allows the organization to provide its programs, embark on new initiatives, and enhance the future of the minority scientific community. CONFERENCE GRANT FUNDERS Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) National Science Foundation National Security Agency ELITE SPONSORS Platinum Gold The SACNAS conference and this publication are supported in part by grants from the Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute Bronze of General Medical Sciences, and the National Science Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Electrochemistry Organizer: Daniel Scherson Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Organizer: Kenneth W
    Physical Electrochemistry Organizer: Daniel Scherson Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Organizer: Kenneth W. Street The NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH Presider: Daniel Scherson Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH Session Overview: This session is devoted to all aspects of physical electrochemistry including electrocatalytic phenomena, corrosion, semiconductor electrochemistry and other topics. 1. Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) as Support for PtRu Anode Catalysts of a Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC) Susmita Singh and Jayati Datta, Department of Chemistry, Bengal Engg Sci University, Shibpur, Howrah, India DEFC is one of the most promising power sources for the near future. Since the kinetics and electro- efficiency of the process strongly depend on the noble metal formulations and their dispersion on suitable support, an intensive research is devoted to decrease the catalyst loading. This work reports an improved electro-catalytic activity for ethanol oxidation at Pt-Ru co-deposited surfaces on MWCNT support. Pt-Ru catalysts with different compositions were synthesized on pre- functionalized MWCNT by adopting sol method. The degree of surface functionalization is found to depend on the level of acid treatment. Chemical reduction of precursor salt using ethylene glycol as mild reducing agent as well as capping agent at 1400C yields catalyst particle size of few nanometers as confirmed by XRD and TEM studies. Cyclic voltammetry, polarization study and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the electro-catalytic phenomenon over a range of H2SO4 and ethanol concentrations. A spectacular negative potential shift of more than 250 mV of the onset of ethanol oxidation was observed on the Pt-Ru catalyst in comparison to Pt alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Biotoxins FOOD and NUTRITION PAPER
    FAO Marine biotoxins FOOD AND NUTRITION PAPER FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2004 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this document for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorised without any prior written permission from copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this document for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the written permission of FAO. Application for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy, or by e-mail to [email protected] © FAO 2004 Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) ..................................................................................5 2.1 Chemical structures and properties
    [Show full text]
  • T4 Report* a Roadmap for Hazard Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Marine Biotoxins on the Basis of Chemical and Biological Test Systems Mardas Daneshian 1, Luis M
    t4 Report* A Roadmap for Hazard Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Marine Biotoxins on the Basis of Chemical and Biological Test Systems Mardas Daneshian 1, Luis M. Botana 2, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein 3,**, Gemma Buckland 4, Mònica Campàs 5, Ngaire Dennison 6, Robert W. Dickey 7, Jorge Diogène 5, Valérie Fessard 8, Thomas Hartung 1,9, Andrew Humpage 10, Marcel Leist 1,11, Jordi Molgó 12, Michael A. Quilliam 13, Costanza Rovida 1, Benjamin A. Suarez-Isla 14, Aurelia Tubaro 15, Kristina Wagner 16, Otmar Zoller 17, and Daniel Dietrich 1,18 1 2 Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing – Europe (CAAT-Europe), University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department 3 of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, USC-Campus de Lugo, Lugo, Spain; National Oceanic and Atmospheric 4 Administration – Center for Human Health Risk, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA; Humane Society 5 International, Washington, DC, USA; IRTA, Marine Monitoring and Food Safety Subprogram, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain; 6 7 Home Office, Animals in Science Regulation Unit, Dundee, UK; FDA Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Division 8 of Seafood Science & Technology, Dauphin Island, AL, USA; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health 9 & Safety, Laboratory of Fougères, Fougères Cedex, France; Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 10 Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD, USA; Australian Water Quality Centre, Adelaide, Australia; 11 12 Doerenkamp-Zbinden Chair of in-vitro toxicology
    [Show full text]
  • Tetrodotoxin, a Potential Drug for Neuropathic and Cancer Pain Relief?
    toxins Review Tetrodotoxin, a Potential Drug for Neuropathic and Cancer Pain Relief? Rafael González-Cano 1,2, M. Carmen Ruiz-Cantero 1,2, Miriam Santos-Caballero 1,2, Carlos Gómez-Navas 1, Miguel Á. Tejada 3 and Francisco R. Nieto 1,2,* 1 Department of Pharmacology, and Neurosciences Institute (Biomedical Research Center), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (R.G.-C.); [email protected] (M.C.R.-C.); [email protected] (M.S.-C.); [email protected] (C.G.-N.) 2 Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain 3 INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-958-242-056 Abstract: Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin found mainly in puffer fish and other marine and terrestrial animals. TTX blocks voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) which are typically classified as TTX-sensitive or TTX-resistant channels. VGSCs play a key role in pain signaling and some TTX-sensitive VGSCs are highly expressed by adult primary sensory neurons. During pathological pain conditions, such as neuropathic pain, upregulation of some TTX-sensitive VGSCs, including the massive re-expression of the embryonic VGSC subtype NaV1.3 in adult primary sensory neurons, contribute to painful hypersensitization. In addition, people with loss-of-function mutations in the VGSC subtype NaV1.7 present congenital insensitive to pain. TTX displays a prominent analgesic effect in several models of neuropathic pain in rodents. According to this promising preclinical evidence, TTX is currently under clinical development for chemo-therapy-induced neuropathic pain and cancer-related pain.
    [Show full text]
  • Food & Beverage Matrix Materials
    FOOD & BEVERAGE MATRIX MATERIALS Cereals and crops • Dairy • Fish and me at • Bev er ag es • F o o d m ic r o b i o l o g y • P o t • a b y l e g o l a o n i d b o n r o c n i - p m o t d a o b l o e F w a t • e r s • e C e r e g a l s a n d c r o p s • D a i r y • F i s h a n d m e a t • B e v a e r LGC Quality | ISO 9001 | ISO/IEC 17025 | ISO 17034/ISO Guide 34 |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able of contents Introduction Food matrix reference materials Cereal and Crops Rye 1 Wheat 1 Maize 2 Vegetable oils 8 Fruit and vegetables 11 Soy 17 Rapeseed 18 Rice 18 Fish and shellfish products 20 Meat and meat products 36 Milk and dairy products 42 Food packaging 48 Food oils 49 Food authenticity and speciation 54 Animal feed 56 Food supplements 58 Drinks and alcoholic beverages
    [Show full text]