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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0105159 A1 Mccleary Et Al
US 200301 05159A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0105159 A1 McCleary et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 5, 2003 (54) KAVALACTONE COMPOSITIONS AND Publication Classification METHODS OF USE (51) Int. Cl." ....................... A61K 31/35; A61K 31/366; (76) Inventors: Joel McCleary, The Plains, VA (US); A61K 35/78; A61K 31/16 Peter S. Staats, Towson, MD (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................... 514/460; 514/625; 424/760 Correspondence Address: FISH & RICHARDSON PC 225 FRANKLIN ST BOSTON, MA 02110 (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 10/214,624 (22) Filed: Aug. 8, 2002 This invention relates tO kavalactone-containing composi tions, and more particularly to compositions having com Related U.S. Application Data pounds derived from kavalactones and from capsaicinoids. The compositions are useful in modulating pain, and thus (60) Provisional application No. 60/311,437, filed on Aug. can be used to mediate, or eliminate, Sensations of pain, 10, 2001. thereby providing pain relief and reduction. US 2003/0105159 A1 Jun. 5, 2003 KAVALACTONE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS 0006. In one embodiment, the invention relates to an OF USE analgesic topical composition having: (a) a kavalactone; (b) capsaicinoid or Synthetic derivatives thereof; and (c) a CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; wherein the weight APPLICATIONS ratio of(a):(b) is from 5000:1 to 1:2 (e.g., 800:1 to 1:1; 500:1 to 5:1). In other aspects, the composition includes an effec 0001. This application claims benefit of U.S. application tive amount of kavalactones, active kavalactones, or capsai Ser. -
Yangonin Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α–Induced Nuclear Factor-Κb–Dependent Transcription by Inhibiting the Transactivation Potential of the Rela/P65 Subunit
J Pharmacol Sci 118, 447 – 454 (2012) Journal of Pharmacological Sciences © The Japanese Pharmacological Society Full Paper Yangonin Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Nuclear Factor-κB–Dependent Transcription by Inhibiting the Transactivation Potential of the RelA/p65 Subunit Juan Ma1,†, He Liang1,†, Hong Ri Jin2, Nguyen Tien Dat3, Shan Yu Zhang1, Ying Zi Jiang1, Ji Xing Nan1, Donghao Li1, Xue Wu1, Jung Joon Lee1,2,*a, and Xuejun Jin1,*b 1Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Ministry of Education, Yanji Jilin 133002, China 2Center for Molecular Cancer Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea 3Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Received November 13, 2011; Accepted January 23, 2012 Abstract. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors control many physiological pro- cesses including inflammation, immunity, and apoptosis. In our search for NF-κB inhibitors from natural resources, we identified yangonin from Piper methysticum as an inhibitor of NF-κB activa- tion. In the present study, we demonstrate that yangonin potently inhibits NF-κB activation through suppression of the transcriptional activity of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. This compound sig- nificantly inhibited the induced expression of the NF-κB-reporter gene. However, this compound did not interfere with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) degrada- tion, p65 nuclear translocation, and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Further analysis revealed that yangonin inhibited not only the induced NF-κB activation by overexpression of RelA/p65, but also transactivation activity of RelA/p65. -
Toxicity Equivalence Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER
JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER Cover photograph: © FAOemergencies JOINT FAO/WHO Toxicity equivalence factors for marine biotoxins associated with bivalve molluscs TECHNICAL PAPER FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ROME, 2016 Recommended citation: FAO/WHO. 2016. Technical paper on Toxicity Equivalency Factors for Marine Biotoxins Associated with Bivalve Molluscs. Rome. 108 pp. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or of the World Health Organization (WHO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these are or have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by FAO and WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall FAO and WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. -
Herbal Insomnia Medications That Target Gabaergic Systems: a Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Neuropharmacology, 2014, 12, 000-000 1 Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence Yuan Shia, Jing-Wen Donga, Jiang-He Zhaob, Li-Na Tanga and Jian-Jun Zhanga,* aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China; bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Marine, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder which is prevalent in women and the elderly. Current insomnia drugs mainly target the -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, melatonin receptor, histamine receptor, orexin, and serotonin receptor. GABAA receptor modulators are ordinarily used to manage insomnia, but they are known to affect sleep maintenance, including residual effects, tolerance, and dependence. In an effort to discover new drugs that relieve insomnia symptoms while avoiding side effects, numerous studies focusing on the neurotransmitter GABA and herbal medicines have been conducted. Traditional herbal medicines, such as Piper methysticum and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa, have been widely reported to improve sleep and other mental disorders. These herbal medicines have been applied for many years in folk medicine, and extracts of these medicines have been used to study their pharmacological actions and mechanisms. Although effective and relatively safe, natural plant products have some side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and skin reactions effects of Piper methysticum. In addition, there are insufficient evidences to certify the safety of most traditional herbal medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a variety of natural plant products that are commonly used to treat insomnia to facilitate future studies. -
Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation : an Evidence-Based
00 Prelims 1410 10/25/05 2:13 PM Page i Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation An Evidence-Based Approach Edward Mills DPh MSc (Oxon) Director, Division of Clinical Epidemiology Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine North York, Ontario, Canada Jean-Jacques Duguoa MSc (cand.) ND Naturopathic Doctor Toronto Western Hospital Assistant Professor Division of Clinical Epidemiology Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine North York, Ontario, Canada Dan Perri BScPharm MD MSc Clinical Pharmacology Fellow University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Gideon Koren MD FACMT FRCP Director of Motherisk Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pharmacology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada With a contribution from Paul Richard Saunders PhD ND DHANP 00 Prelims 1410 10/25/05 2:13 PM Page ii © 2006 Taylor & Francis Medical, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group First published in the United Kingdom in 2006 by Taylor & Francis Medical, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Tel.: ϩ44 (0)20 7017 6000 Fax.: ϩ44 (0)20 7017 6699 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tandf.co.uk/medicine All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. -
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 2: a Review of Clinical Studies with Supporting Preclinical Evidence
CNS Drugs 2013; 24 (5) Review Article Running Header: Plant-Based Anxiolytic Psychopharmacology Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 2: A Review of Clinical Studies with Supporting Preclinical Evidence Jerome Sarris,1,2 Erica McIntyre3 and David A. Camfield2 1 Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia 2 The Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia 3 School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia Correspondence: Jerome Sarris, Department of Psychiatry and The Melbourne Clinic, University of Melbourne, 2 Salisbury Street, Richmond, VIC 3121, Australia. Email: [email protected], Acknowledgements Dr Jerome Sarris is funded by an Australian National Health & Medical Research Council fellowship (NHMRC funding ID 628875), in a strategic partnership with The University of Melbourne, The Centre for Human Psychopharmacology at the Swinburne University of Technology. Jerome Sarris, Erica McIntyre and David A. Camfield have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article. 1 Abstract Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based anxiolytics has been absent to date. Thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of anxiolytic activity. We present the article in two parts. In part one, we reviewed herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for anxiolytic activity have been performed. In this current article (part two), we review herbal medicines for which there have been both preclinical and clinical investigations for anxiolytic activity. -
Kava Kava Extract Is Available from Ashland Chemical Co., Mini Star International, Inc., and QBI (Quality Botanical Ingredients, Inc.)
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION Kava Kava 9000-38-8; 84696-40-2 November 1998 TABLE OF CONTENTS Basis for Nomination Chemical Identification Production Information Use Pattern Human Exposure Regulatory Status Evidence for Possible Carcinogenic Activity Human Data Animal Data Metabolism Other Biological Effects Structure-Activity Relationships References BASIS OF NOMINATION TO THE CSWG Kava kava is brought to the attention of the CSWG because it is a rapidly growing, highly used dietary supplement introduced into the mainstream U.S. market relatively recently. Through this use, millions of consumers using antianxiety preparations are potentially exposed to kava kava. A traditional beverage of various Pacific Basin countries, kava clearly has psychoactive properties. The effects of its long-term consumption have not been documented adequately; preliminary studies suggest possibly serious organ system effects. The potential carcinogenicity of kava and its principal constituents are unknown. INPUT FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES/INDUSTRY The U.S. Pharmacopeia is in the process of reviewing kava kava. No decision on preparation of a monograph has been made. SELECTION STATUS ACTION BY CSWG: 12/14/98 Studies requested: - Toxicological evaluation, to include studies of reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity - Genotoxicity Priority: High Rationale/Remarks: - Significant human exposure - Leading dietary supplement with rapidly growing use - Concern that kava has been promoted as a substitute for ritilin in children - Test extract standardized to 30 percent kavalactones - NCI is conducting studies in Salmonella typhimurium CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION CAS Registry Number: 9000-38-8 Kava-kava resin (8CI) Chemical Abstract Service Name: 84696-40-2 CAS Registry Number: Pepper (Piper), P. methysticum, ext. Chemical Abstract Service Name: Extract of kava; kava extract; Piper Synonyms and Trade Names: methisticum extract Description: The tropical shrub Piper methysticum is widely cultivated in the South Pacific. -
Current Perspectives in Herbal and Conventional Drug Interactions
Surana et al. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2021) 7:103 Future Journal of https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-021-00256-w Pharmaceutical Sciences REVIEW Open Access Current perspectives in herbal and conventional drug interactions based on clinical manifestations Ajaykumar Rikhabchand Surana* , Shivam Puranmal Agrawal, Manoj Ramesh Kumbhare and Snehal Balu Gaikwad Abstract Background: Herbs are an important source of pharmaceuticals. Herbs are traditionally used by millions of peoples for medicine, food and drink in developed and developing nations considering that they are safe. But, interaction of herbs with other medicines may cause serious adverse effects or reduces their efficacy. The demand for “alternative” medicines has been increased significantly, which include medicine derived from plant or herbal origin. The objective of this review article mainly focuses on drug interactions of commonly used herbs along with possible mechanisms. The method adopted for this review is searching of herb-drug interactions in online database. Main text: Herb-drug interaction leads to pharmacological modification. The drug use along with herbs may show pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions. Pharmacokinetic interaction causes alteration in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Similarly, pharmacodynamic interaction causes additive or synergistic or antagonist effect on the drugs or vice versa. Researchers had demonstrated that herbs show the toxicities and drug interactions like other pharmacologically active compounds. There is lack of knowledge amongst physician, pharmacist and consumers related to pharmacological action and mechanism of herb-drug interaction. This review article focuses on the herb-drug interaction of danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza), Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), garlic (Allium sativum), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), green tea (Camellia sinensis), kava (Piper methysticum), liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and St. -
Kava As a Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety
l ch cina em di is Rivers et al., Med chem 2016, 6:2 e tr M y Medicinal chemistry DOI: 10.4172/2161-0444.1000329 ISSN: 2161-0444 Review Article Open Access Kava as a Pharmacotherapy of Anxiety Disorders: Promises and Concerns Zachary Rivers1, Chengguo Xing2 and Sreekanth Narayanapillai2* 1College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA Abstract Current standard pharmacotherapies for anxiety management come with a host of side-effects that may deter the patients from utilizing them. Kava, a traditional beverage from the South Pacific region, has been used as a natural medicine for centuries and has been hypothesized to contain anxiolytic properties. There are a few well-designed, randomly controlled trials that have evaluated the effectiveness of kava or its constituents against anxiety disorders. They have generally shown kava to be effective in managing the disease. However, there has been a serious concern about the hepatotoxic risk of kava, which greatly limits its anxiolytic development and application. This review attempts to summarize the recent anxiolytic trials using kava, the associated hepatotoxicity risks, the potential responsible chemicals for these two activities, and the mechanisms of action. Overall, kava has a great potential to be developed as a natural anxiolytic agent through a systematic approach, but the present form should be used with caution. Keywords: Anxiety disorders; Muscle tension; Insomnia; Treatment conditions than a prescription drug. Kava is one such natural product that has been used in the treatment of anxiety disorders. -
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Author's personal copy Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Encyclopedia of Toxicology. The copy attached is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research, and educational use. This includes without limitation use in instruction at your institution, distribution to specific colleagues, and providing a copy to your institution's administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From Hambright, K.D., Zamor, R.M., Easton, J.D., Allison, B., 2014. Algae. In: Wexler, P. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Toxicology, 3rd edition vol 1. Elsevier Inc., Academic Press, pp. 130–141. ISBN: 9780123864543 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier, Inc. unless otherwise stated. All rights reserved. Academic Press Author's personal copy Algae KD Hambright and RM Zamor, Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Biological Station, and Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA JD Easton and B Allison, Plankton Ecology and Limnology Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Biological Station, University of Oklahoma, Kingston, OK, USA Ó 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This article is a revision of the previous edition article by Keiko Okamoto and Lora E. Fleming, volume 1, pp 68–76, Ó 2005, Elsevier Inc. -
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Sedative
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Sedative Chemical Dosage (+)-BORNYL-ISOVALERATE -- (-)-DICENTRINE LD50=187 1,8-CINEOLE -- 2-METHYLBUT-3-ENE-2-OL -- 6-GINGEROL -- 6-SHOGAOL -- ACYLSPINOSIN -- ADENOSINE -- AKUAMMIDINE -- ALPHA-PINENE -- ALPHA-TERPINEOL -- AMYL-BUTYRATE -- AMYLASE -- ANEMONIN -- ANGELIC-ACID -- ANGELICIN ED=20-80 ANISATIN 0.03 mg/kg ANNOMONTINE -- APIGENIN 30-100 mg/kg ARECOLINE 1 mg/kg ASARONE -- ASCARIDOLE -- ATHEROSPERMINE -- BAICALIN -- BALDRINAL -- BENZALDEHYDE -- BENZYL-ALCOHOL -- Chemical Dosage BERBERASTINE -- BERBERINE -- BERGENIN -- BETA-AMYRIN-PALMITATE -- BETA-EUDESMOL -- BETA-PHENYLETHANOL -- BETA-RESERCYCLIC-ACID -- BORNEOL -- BORNYL-ACETATE -- BOSWELLIC-ACID 20-55 mg/kg ipr rat BRAHMINOSIDE -- BRAHMOSIDE -- BULBOCAPNINE -- BUTYL-PHTHALIDE -- CAFFEIC-ACID 500 mg CANNABIDIOLIC-ACID -- CANNABINOL ED=200 CARPACIN -- CARVONE -- CARYOPHYLLENE -- CHELIDONINE -- CHIKUSETSUSAPONIN -- CINNAMALDEHYDE -- CITRAL ED 1-32 mg/kg CITRAL 1 mg/kg CITRONELLAL ED=1 mg/kg CITRONELLOL -- 2 Chemical Dosage CODEINE -- COLUBRIN -- COLUBRINOSIDE -- CORYDINE -- CORYNANTHEINE -- COUMARIN -- CRYOGENINE -- CRYPTOCARYALACTONE 250 mg/kg CUMINALDEHYDE -- CUSSONOSIDE-A -- CYCLOSTACHINE-A -- DAIGREMONTIANIN -- DELTA-9-THC 10 mg/orl/man/day DESERPIDINE -- DESMETHOXYANGONIN 200 mg/kg ipr DIAZEPAM 40-200 ug/lg/3-4x/day DICENTRINE LD50=187 DIDROVALTRATUM -- DIHYDROKAWAIN -- DIHYDROMETHYSTICIN 60 mg/kg ipr DIHYDROVALTRATE -- DILLAPIOL ED50=1.57 DIMETHOXYALLYLBENZENE -- DIMETHYLVINYLCARBINOL -- DIPENTENE