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LONG-TERM HISTORY and EPHEMERAL CONFIGURATIONS Catherine Goldstein
LONG-TERM HISTORY AND EPHEMERAL CONFIGURATIONS Catherine Goldstein To cite this version: Catherine Goldstein. LONG-TERM HISTORY AND EPHEMERAL CONFIGURATIONS. Interna- tional Congress of Mathematicians, Aug 2018, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. pp.487-522. hal-02334505 HAL Id: hal-02334505 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02334505 Submitted on 29 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. LONG-TERM HISTORY AND EPHEMERAL CONFIGURATIONS CATHERINE GOLDSTEIN Abstract. Mathematical concepts and results have often been given a long history, stretching far back in time. Yet recent work in the history of mathe- matics has tended to focus on local topics, over a short term-scale, and on the study of ephemeral configurations of mathematicians, theorems or practices. The first part of the paper explains why this change has taken place: a renewed interest in the connections between mathematics and society, an increased at- tention to the variety of components and aspects of mathematical work, and a critical outlook on historiography itself. The problems of a long-term history are illustrated and tested using a number of episodes in the nineteenth-century history of Hermitian forms, and finally, some open questions are proposed. -
Homo Heidelbergensis Mathematicus
Digitale Bibliothek Mathematik Homo Heidelbergensis mathematicus Eine Materialsammlung zu bekannten Heidelberger Mathematikern zusammengestellt von Gabriele D¨orflinger Stand: 20. Mai 2014 Bekannte Mathematiker mit Bezug zu Heidelberg, d.h. Mathematiker, die in Heidelberg lebten, studierten oder lehrten oder Mitglieder der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften waren. LATEX-Dokumentation der Web-Seite http://ub-fachinfo.uni-hd.de/homoheid.htm und der direkt davon auf- gerufenen Unterseiten der Universit¨atsbibliothek Heidelberg. Nach allgemeinen Dokumenten zur Heidelberger Mathematikgeschichte folgen Einzelportraits von knapp 60 Mathematikern. Zwar gibt es noch viele Mathematiker, die die Auswahlbedingungen • Mathematiker • bekannt (nicht unbedingt als Mathematiker), • Aufenthalt in Heidelberg (mit Ausnahme von Kongressbesuchen) oder aktives Mitglied der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften erfullen,¨ aber der Aufwand ist zu hoch, um noch weitere Personen in die Sammlung zu integrieren. Die Informationen zu den einzelnen Personen sind immer in gleicher Weise gegliedert. • Bezug zu Heidelberg • Lexika • Biographische Informationen – im Internet – gedruckte Biographien • Werk – im Internet – in Heidelberg vorhandene Schriften – Literatur uber¨ das Werk • Bibliographien S¨amtliche Links werden als Fußnoten abgebildet. Die Fußnote wird durch den Text Link:“ eingeleitet. Web- ” Formulare erhalten die Kennung Formular:“ in der Fußnote. Es wird nur das aufrufende Programm ohne ” Parameter angegeben. Bilder erhalten die Kennung Bild:“ in der Fußnote und werden durch [BILD]“ im ” ” Text markiert. Am Ende jedes Unterdokuments ist die URL angegeben. Externe Links sind durch @⇒ und interne durch I gekennzeichnet. Die farbigen Symbole der Webseite wurden auf schwarz-weiße Zeichen umgesetzt. 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis Allgemeine Bemerkungen 4 Zur Geschichte des Mathematischen Instituts der Universit¨at Heidelberg. 6 Mathematiker im Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon . 8 Jakob Christmann, Valentin Otho, Bartholom¨aus Pitiscus . -
Journal Für Die Reine Und Angewandte Mathematik
BAND 746 · JANUAR 2019 Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) GEGRÜNDET 1826 VON August Leopold Crelle FORTGEFÜHRT VON Carl Wilhelm Borchardt ∙ Karl Weierstrass ∙ Leopold Kronecker Lazarus Fuchs ∙ Kurt Hensel ∙ Ludwig Schlesinger ∙ Helmut Hasse Hans Rohrbach ∙ Martin Kneser ∙ Peter Roquette GEGENWÄRTIG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON Tobias H. Colding, Cambridge MA ∙ Jun-Muk Hwang, Seoul Daniel Huybrechts, Bonn ∙ Rainer Weissauer, Heidelberg Geordie Williamson, Sydney JOURNAL FÜR DIE REINE UND ANGEWANDTE MATHEMATIK (CRELLES JOURNAL) GEGRÜNDET 1826 VON August Leopold Crelle FORTGEFÜHRT VON August Leopold Crelle (1826–1855) Peter Roquette (1977–1998) Carl Wilhelm Borchardt (1857–1881) Samuel J. Patterson (1982–1994) Karl Weierstrass (1881–1888) Michael Schneider (1984–1995) Leopold Kronecker (1881–1892) Simon Donaldson (1986–2004) Lazarus Fuchs (1892–1902) Karl Rubin (1994–2001) Kurt Hensel (1903–1936) Joachim Cuntz (1994–2017) Ludwig Schlesinger (1929–1933) David Masser (1995–2004) Helmut Hasse (1929–1980) Gerhard Huisken (1995–2008) Hans Rohrbach (1952–1977) Eckart Viehweg (1996–2009) Otto Forster (1977–1984) Wulf-Dieter Geyer (1998–2001) Martin Kneser (1977–1991) Yuri I. Manin (2002–2008) Willi Jäger (1977–1994) Paul Vojta (2004–2011) Horst Leptin (1977–1995) Marc Levine (2009–2012) GEGENWÄRTIG HERAUSGEGEBEN VON Tobias H. Colding Jun-Muk Hwang Daniel Huybrechts Rainer Weissauer Geordie Williamson AUSGABEDATUM DES BANDES 746 Januar 2019 CONTENTS A. Ichino, S. Yamana, Periods of automorphic forms: The case of ( Un − 1 × Un , Un ) . 1 L. Ambrosio, A. Pinamonti, G. Speight, Weighted Sobolev spaces on metric measure spaces . 39 J. Kaad, R. Nest, Canonical holomorphic sections of determinant line bundles . 67 W. Ou, Lagrangian fibrations on symplectic fourfolds . -
Long-Term History and Ephemeral Configurations
LONG-TERM HISTORY AND EPHEMERAL CONFIGURATIONS CATHERINE GOLDSTEIN Abstract. Mathematical concepts and results have often been given a long history, stretching far back in time. Yet recent work in the history of mathe- matics has tended to focus on local topics, over a short term-scale, and on the study of ephemeral configurations of mathematicians, theorems or practices. The first part of the paper explains why this change has taken place: a renewed interest in the connections between mathematics and society, an increased at- tention to the variety of components and aspects of mathematical work, and a critical outlook on historiography itself. The problems of a long-term history are illustrated and tested using a number of episodes in the nineteenth-century history of Hermitian forms, and finally, some open questions are proposed. “Mathematics is the art of giving the same name to different things,” wrote Henri Poincaré at the very beginning of the twentieth century ((Poincaré, 1908, 31)). The sentence, to be found in a chapter entitled “The future of mathematics” seemed particularly relevant around 1900: a structural point of view and a wish to clarify and to firmly found mathematics were then gaining ground and both contributed to shorten chains of argument and gather together under the same word phenomena which had until then been scattered ((Corry, 2004)). Significantly, Poincaré’s examples included uniform convergence and the concept of group. 1. Long-term histories But the view of mathematics encapsulated by this — that it deals somehow with “sameness” — has also found its way into the history of mathematics. -
Mathematics Is the Art of Giving the Same Name to Different Things
LONG-TERM HISTORY AND EPHEMERAL CONFIGURATIONS CATHERINE GOLDSTEIN Abstract. Mathematical concepts and results have often been given a long history, stretching far back in time. Yet recent work in the history of mathe- matics has tended to focus on local topics, over a short term-scale, and on the study of ephemeral configurations of mathematicians, theorems or practices. The first part of the paper explains why this change has taken place: a renewed interest in the connections between mathematics and society, an increased at- tention to the variety of components and aspects of mathematical work, and a critical outlook on historiography itself. The problems of a long-term history are illustrated and tested using a number of episodes in the nineteenth-century history of Hermitian forms, and finally, some open questions are proposed. “Mathematics is the art of giving the same name to different things,” wrote Henri Poincaré at the very beginning of the twentieth century (Poincaré, 1908, 31). The sentence, to be found in a chapter entitled “The future of mathematics,” seemed particularly relevant around 1900: a structural point of view and a wish to clarify and to firmly found mathematics were then gaining ground and both contributed to shorten chains of argument and gather together under the same word phenomena which had until then been scattered (Corry, 2004). Significantly, Poincaré’s examples included uniform convergence and the concept of group. 1. Long-term histories But the view of mathematics encapsulated by this—that it deals somehow with “sameness”—has also found its way into the history of mathematics. -
Cultivating Mathematics in an International
Cultivating Mathematics in an International Space: Roles of Gösta Mittag-Leffler in the Development and Internationalization of Mathematics in Sweden and Beyond, 1880 – 1920 by Laura E. Turner B.Sc., Acadia University, 2005 M.Sc., Simon Fraser University, 2007 a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in the Department of Science Studies c Laura E. Turner 2011 AARHUS UNIVERSITET October 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author, except for scholarly or other non-commercial use for which no further copyright permission need be requested. Abstract This thesis aims to investigate several areas of mathematical activity undertaken by the Swedish mathematician Gösta Mittag-Leffler (1846–1927). These not only markedly impacted the de- velopment of mathematics in Stockholm, where they were centred, but transformed, by virtue of their roots in both nationalist and internationalist movements, the landscape of mathemat- ics across Scandinavia and Europe more broadly. These activities are Mittag-Leffler’s role in cultivating research activity from his students at Stockholms Högskola as the first professor of mathematics there (1881–1911); his establishment (1882) and development of Acta Mathematica, an “international” journal that could bring Sweden onto the scene as an arbiter of mathematical talent and establish the nation as a major locus of mathematical activity; and his attempts to establish a broader Scandinavian mathematical community through the foundation of the Scan- dinavian Congress of Mathematicians (1909) according to a belief that cultural solidarity would both enrich each country involved and afford a united group more clout than could be gained by each of the small nations alone. -
Karl Weierstrass (1815-1897) a Través Dels Teoremes Que S’Estudien a Les Classes De Matemàtiques Ens Aporta Una Visió Parcial Del Personatge
Weierstrass per ell mateix: alguns trets del seu pensament matemàtic Jornada WEIERSTRASS a l’FME 25/03/2015 Mª Rosa Massa Esteve Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada I Centre de Recerca per a la Història de la Tècnica Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Resum: El coneixement de Karl Weierstrass (1815-1897) a través dels teoremes que s’estudien a les classes de matemàtiques ens aporta una visió parcial del personatge. En aquesta ponència es pretén enriquir aquesta visió apropant-nos tant a l’home com al matemàtic, des d’un altre vessant, a través de les seves paraules i dels seus deixebles. Es reflexionarà sobre alguns trets característics de les contribucions de Weierstrass a la matemàtica, com ara la unitat del seu pensament matemàtic, la seva fonamentació aritmètica de l’anàlisi i la seva cerca del rigor. Índex 1.Introducció 2. Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass (1815-1897), l’home 2.1. La seva formació 2.2. L’ensenyament-recerca de Weierstrass a la Universitat de Berlín 2.3. Els deixebles de Weierstrass 3. Weierstrass, el matemàtic 3.1. La unitat de pensament de Weierstrass 3.2. La fonamentació aritmètica de l’anàlisi a Weierstrass 3.2. La cerca del rigor 4. Algunes reflexions 5. Bibliografia 1 1. Introducció Les matemàtiques del segle XIX abracen el desenvolupament de moltes branques tradicionals de la matemàtica i el sorgiment de moltes de noves. A tall d’exemple es poden citar: la teoria de funcions d’una variable complexa, les funcions automòrfiques, les equacions diferencials, els grups, els agregats infinits, el càlcul de variacions, la teoria de nombres, la geometria projectiva, la geometria diferencial i la geometria no euclidiana entre d’altres (Pierpont, 1999). -
Bernhard Riemann Emilio Ferral
Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann Emilio Ferral Bernhard Riemann's life George Friedrich Bernhard Riemann, or Bernhard Riemann, was born in 1826 in Breselenz in what was the kingdom of Hannover, which is now Germany. His father Friedrich Bernhard Riemann was a poor Lutheran minister who participated in the Napoleonic wars. His mother Charolette Ebell unfortunately died before any of her children reached adulthood. Riemann was the second of six children, one of only two boys. Although the family suffered from a variety of misfortunes, mainly being poor and of bad chronic health, they were still very close and held good relationships with one another. From a young age, Riemann showcased an impressive level of mathematical skill which sometimes even sur- passed the skill of some of his teachers. Riemann and his six siblings received their elementary education from their father, who later received some help from a local teacher. Generally a good student, Riemann was actually extremely timid, had a phobia of public speaking, and suffered from chronic health problems that would ultimately cause his early death. When Riemann was fourteen years old, he attended the Gymnasium in Hanover, where he had unlimited access to the library and time to read as many mathematical texts as he desired. During this time, Riemann lived with his grandmother, but when she died two years later, he moved to the Gymnasium in L¨uneburg,which was very close to Quickborn, the town Riemann's family had moved to temporarily to be able to keep the family close. Under the influence of his father, Riemann attended university to study theology and philology in 1846. -
Aperçu Du Fonds Ancien Imprimé En Mathématiques, Physique, Chimie, Sciences Naturelles, Etc. (Sauf Astronomie) ∗ Au SCD Sciences Uds–ULP Strasbourg
Aperçu du fonds ancien imprimé en mathématiques, physique, chimie, sciences naturelles, etc. (sauf astronomie) ∗ au SCD Sciences UdS–ULP Strasbourg Denis Roegel y 3 avril 2013 (première version : février 2010) Ce document donne un aperçu du fonds ancien imprimé de la bibliothèque de sciences de l’Université de Strasbourg. Il complète l’aperçu réalisé pour le fonds ancien en astro- nomie. Tout comme pour le premier aperçu, le présent travail a été réalisé en 2009–2010 par des sondages méthodiques dans le catalogue en ligne 1. Quoique incomplet, le résultat devrait être représentatif du fonds, mais il est probable que quelques ouvrages importants ou d’auteurs illustres (l’un n’excluant pas l’autre) ont été oubliés ça et là. Ces lacunes devraient être comblées par un inventaire plus systématique du fonds. Il faut noter que certains titres peuvent être mal orthographiés, voire tronqués. Les accentuations ne sont pas nécessairement conformes à celles des titres originaux, mais l’absence de certains accents dans cet aperçu n’est pas forcément une erreur. Comme les ouvrages originaux n’ont pas été consultés et que les catalogues comportent de nombreuses erreurs, ces défauts sont inévitables. Il peut aussi y avoir des erreurs sur les auteurs et certains co-auteurs peuvent avoir été oubliés, là aussi le plus souvent en raison de la base de cataloguage utilisée. Cette liste n’explicite pas non plus toujours bien le détail des volumes et les descriptions sont quelquefois dupliquées. Quelques ouvrages existent en plusieurs exemplaires, chaque exemplaire est alors indiqué, mais les renvois n’ont généra- lement pas été faits. -
A Richer Picture of Mathematics the Göttingen Tradition and Beyond a Richer Picture of Mathematics David E
David E. Rowe A Richer Picture of Mathematics The Göttingen Tradition and Beyond A Richer Picture of Mathematics David E. Rowe A Richer Picture of Mathematics The Göttingen Tradition and Beyond 123 David E. Rowe Institut für Mathematik Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany ISBN 978-3-319-67818-4 ISBN 978-3-319-67819-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67819-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017958443 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. -
Dirichlet's Contributions to Mathematical Probability Theory
HISTORIA MATHEMATICA 21 (1994), 39-63 Dirichlet's Contributions to Mathematical Probability Theory HANS FISCHER Polkostrafle 41, D-81245 Muiichen, Germany Only a few short papers on probability and error theory by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet are printed in his Werke. However, during his Berlin period, Dirichlet quite frequently gave courses on probability theory or the method of least squares. Unpublished lecture notes reveal that he presented original methods, especially when deriving probabilistic limit theo- rems; e.g., the use of his discontinuity-factor. The following article discusses some central ideas in Dirichlet's printed papers and unpublished lectures on probability and error theory. These include his deduction of the approximately normal distribution of medians connected with a criticism of least squares as well as his improvement of Laplace's method of approxima- tions relating not only to Stirling's formula but also to the treatment of the central limit theorem. Moreover, the study attempts to place the methods Dirichlet used in probability and error calculus within the broader context of his work in analysis. © 1994 Academic Press, Inc. Nur einige kurze Artikel von Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet zur Wahrscheinlichkeits- und Fehlerrechnung sind in seinen Werken gedruckt. Dirichlet hat aber w~ihrend seiner Berliner Zeit recht h~iufig Vorlesungen ~iber Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung oder Methode der kleinsten Quadrate gehalten. Aus unver6ffentlichten Vorlesungsmitschriften geht hervor, dab er gerade bei der Herleitung von Grenzwerts~itzen eigene und neue Methoden, z.B. die Verwendung seines Diskontinuit~itsfaktors vorgestellt hat. In folgender Arbeit werden Schwerpunkte der gedruckten Arbeiten und der Vorlesungen yon Dirichlet fiber Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung beschrieben: Grenzwertsatz for Mediane und Kritik der Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, Fortentwicklung der Laplaceschen Methode for Approxi- mationen im Hinblick auf die Stirlingsche Formel und die Behandlung des zentralen Grenzwertsatzes. -
AN OUTLINE of the LIFE and WORK of Em B, CHRISTOFFEL
Historia Mathematics 8 (1981) 243-276 AN OUTLINEOF THE LIFE AND WORKOF Em B, CHRISTOFFEL(18294900) BY PAUL L. BUTZER LEHRSTUHL A FUR MATHEMATIK, RHEINISCH-WESTFALISCHE TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE, AACHEN, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY SUMMARIES This article begins with an account of the life of Christoffel and of the intellectual milieu in which he worked, namely, the Institutes of Technology in Ziirich and Berlin, and the University of Strasbourg. A survey of Christoffel's work follows. His major contributions lie in diverse areas: (i) geometry, including the foundations of tensor analysis; (ii) function theory, including conformal mappings, abelian integrals, and theta functions; (iii) numerical analysis; (iv) orthog- onal polynomials and continued fractions; (v) ordinacy and partial differential equations, potential theory; (vi) theory of shock waves; and (vii) dispersion of light. Finally, an attempt is made to assess Christoffel's work and its subsequent influence upon the development of modern mathematics, physics, and mechanics. Cet article commence par un rapport de la vie de Christoffel et du milieu intellectuel dans lequel il travaillait, c'est 2 dire, des institutes polytech- niques de Ziirich et Berlin, ainsi que de l'universite de Strasbourg. Ce rapport est suivi d'un r&sum& de l'oeuvre de Christoffel. Ses contributions les plus importantes comprennent des articles dans des branches diverses: (i) geometric, les fondements de l'analyse tensorielle y compris; (ii) theorie des fonctions, les applications conformes, les integrales abeliennes et les fonctions theta y compris; (iii) analyse numerique; (iv) polynomes orthogonaux et fractions continues; (v) equations differentielles ordinaires et equations differentielles aux d&iv&es partielles, theorie du potentiel; (vi) theorie des ondes de choc; et (vii) dispersion de la lumiere.