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12.3 RED SANDS 1 2 3 12.3.1 Background and Summary of Impacts 4 5 6 12.3.1.1 General Information 7 8 the Proposed Red Sands

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12.3 RED SANDS 1 2 3 12.3.1 Background and Summary of Impacts 4 5 6 12.3.1.1 General Information 7 8 the Proposed Red Sands 1 12.3 RED SANDS 2 3 4 12.3.1 Background and Summary of Impacts 5 6 7 12.3.1.1 General Information 8 9 The proposed Red Sands SEZ is located in Otero County in south-central New Mexico 10 (Figure 12.3.1.1-1). The SEZ has a total area of 22,520 acres (91 km2). In 2008, the county 11 population was 65,373, while adjacent Dona Ana County to the west had a population of 12 206,486. The nearest town is Boles Acres, less than 2 mi (3 km) east of the SEZ. Alamogordo is 13 approximately 6 mi (10 km) northeast of SEZ, with a population of more than 35,000. 14 15 The nearest major road access to the SEZ is via U.S. 70, which borders the northern 16 edge of the Red Sands SEZ. The UP railroad runs along the eastern side of the SEZ; the closest 17 railroad stops are at Alamogordo and Omlee directly to the east of the SEZ. The nearest public 18 airport is Alamogordo–White Sands Regional Airport located approximately 2 mi (3 km) to the 19 northeast of the SEZ. The nearest larger airport, El Paso International Airport, is approximately 20 71 mi (114 km) south–southeast of the SEZ. The Holloman Air Force Base is 2 mi (3 km) 21 northwest of the SEZ. 22 23 Three 115-kV transmission lines pass through the SEZ. It is assumed that one or more of 24 these existing transmission lines could potentially provide access from the SEZ to the 25 transmission grid (see Section 12.3.1.1.2). 26 27 As of March 2010, there were no ROW applications for solar projects within the SEZ; 28 however, there is one ROW application for a wind project that would be located within 50 mi 29 (80 km) of the SEZ. This application is discussed in Section 12.3.22.2.1. 30 31 The proposed Red Sands SEZ is in an undeveloped rural area. The SEZ is located in the 32 Tularosa Basin, bordered on the west by the San Andres and Organ Mountains and on the east 33 by the Sacramento Mountains. The Jarilla Mountains lie to the south. Land within the SEZ is 34 undeveloped scrubland characteristic of a semiarid basin. 35 36 The proposed Red Sands SEZ and other relevant information are shown in 37 Figure 12.3.1.1-1. The criteria used to identify the SEZ as an appropriate location for solar 38 energy development included proximity to existing transmission lines or designated corridors, 39 proximity to existing roads, a slope of generally less than 2%, and an area of more than 40 2,500 acres (10 km2). In addition, the area was identified as being relatively free of other types 41 of conflicts, such as USFWS-designated critical habitat for threatened and endangered species, 42 ACECs, SRMAs, and NLCS lands (see Section 2.2.2.2 for the complete list of exclusions). 43 Although these classes of restricted lands were excluded from the proposed Red Sands SEZ, 44 other restrictions might be appropriate. The analyses in the following sections address the 45 affected environment and potential impacts associated with utility-scale solar energy 46 Draft Solar PEIS 12.3-1 December 2010 1 2 FIGURE 12.3.1.1-1 Proposed Red Sands SEZ 3 Draft Solar PEIS 12.3-2 December 2010 1 development in the proposed SEZ for important environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic 2 resources. 3 4 As initially announced in the Federal Register on June 30, 2009, the proposed Red Sands 5 SEZ encompassed 46,972 acres (190 km2). Subsequent to the study area scoping period, the 6 boundaries of the proposed Red Sands SEZ were altered substantially to avoid potentially 7 valuable habitat for northern aplomado falcon, cultural sites, ephemeral lakes, and other 8 resources. The revised SEZ is approximately 24,452 acres (99 km2) smaller than the original 9 SEZ as published in June 2009. 10 11 12 12.3.1.2 Development Assumptions for the Impact Analysis 13 14 Maximum solar development of the Red Sands SEZ is assumed to be 80% of the SEZ 15 area over a period of 20 years, a maximum of 18,016 acres (73 km2). These values are shown 16 in Table 12.3.1.2-1, along with other development assumptions. Full development of the Red 17 Sands SEZ would allow development of facilities with an estimated total of 2,002 MW of 18 electrical power capacity if power tower, dish engine, or PV technologies were used, assuming 19 9 acres/MW (0.04 km2/MW) of land required, and an estimated 3,603 MW of power if solar 20 trough technologies were used, assuming 5 acres/MW (0.02 km2/MW) of land required. 21 22 Availability of transmission facilities from SEZs to load centers will be an important 23 consideration for future development in SEZs. The nearest existing transmission line is a115-kV 24 line that runs through the SEZ. It is possible that an existing line could be used to provide access 25 from the SEZ to the transmission grid, but the 115-kV capacity of that line would be inadequate 26 for 2,002 to 3,603 MW of new capacity (note: a 500-kV line can accommodate approximately 27 the load of one 700-MW facility). At full build-out capacity, it is clear that substantial new 28 transmission and/or upgrades of existing transmission lines would be required to bring electricity 29 from the proposed Red Sands SEZ to load centers; however, at this time the location and size of 30 such new transmission facilities are unknown. Generic impacts of transmission and associated 31 infrastructure construction and of line upgrades for various resources are discussed in Chapter 5. 32 Project-specific analyses would need to identify the specific impacts of new transmission 33 construction and line upgrades for any projects proposed within the SEZ. 34 35 For the purposes of analysis in the PEIS, it was assumed that an existing 115-kV 36 transmission line that runs through the proposed SEZ could provide initial access to the 37 transmission grid, and thus no additional acreage disturbance for transmission line access was 38 assessed. Access to an existing transmission line was assumed, without additional information on 39 whether this line would be available for connection of future solar facilities. If a connecting 40 transmission line were constructed in the future to connect facilities within the SEZ to a different 41 off-site grid location from the one assumed here, site developers would need to determine the 42 impacts from construction and operation of that line. In addition, developers would need to 43 determine the impacts of line upgrades if they are needed. 44 45 Draft Solar PEIS 12.3-3 December 2010 TABLE 12.3.1.2-1 Proposed Red Sands SEZ—Assumed Development Acreages, Solar MW Output, Access Roads, and Transmission Line ROWs Assumed Distance Assumed Total Acreage Maximum Distance to and Capacity Area of and Assumed SEZ Output Nearest State, of Nearest Transmission Distance to Developed for Various U.S., or Existing Line and Nearest Acreage Solar Interstate Transmission Road Designated (80% of Total) Technologies Highway Line ROWs Corridore 22,520 acres and 2,002 MWb U.S. 70 0 mi and 0 acres; 39 mi 18,016 acresa and 0 mid 115 kV 0 acres 3,603 MWc a To convert acres to km2, multiply by 0.004047. b Maximum power output if the SEZ were fully developed using power tower, dish engine, or PV technologies, assuming 9 acres/MW (0.04 km2/MW) of land required. c Maximum power output if the SEZ were fully developed using solar trough technologies, assuming 5 acres/MW (0.02 km2/MW) of land required. d To convert mi to km, multiply by 1.609. e BLM-designated corridors are developed for federal land use planning purposes only and are not applicable to state-owned or privately owned land. 1 2 3 Existing road access to the proposed Red Sands SEZ should be adequate to support 4 construction and operation of solar facilities, because U.S. 70 runs along the northernmost border 5 of the SEZ. Thus, no additional road construction outside of the SEZ was assumed to be required 6 to support solar development. 7 8 9 12.3.1.3 Summary of Major Impacts and SEZ-Specific Design Features 10 11 In this section, the impacts and SEZ-specific design features assessed in Sections 12.3.2 12 through 12.3.21 for the proposed Red Sands SEZ are summarized in tabular form. 13 Table 12.3.1.3-1 is a comprehensive list of impacts discussed in these sections; the reader may 14 reference the applicable sections for detailed support of the impact assessment. Section 12.3.22 15 discusses potential cumulative impacts from solar energy development in the proposed SEZ. 16 17 Only those design features specific to the proposed Red Sands SEZ are included in 18 Sections 12.3.2 through 12.3.21 and in the summary table. The detailed programmatic design 19 features for each resource area to be required under BLM’s Solar Energy Program are presented 20 in Appendix A, Section A.2.2. These programmatic design features would also be required for 21 development in this and other SEZs. Draft Solar PEIS 12.3-4 December 2010 D raft SolarPEIS TABLE 12.3.1.3-1 Summary of Impacts of Solar Energy Development within the Proposed Red Sands SEZ and SEZ-Specific Design Featuresa Resource Area Environmental Impacts—Proposed Red Sands SEZ SEZ-Specific Design Features Lands and Realty Full development of the SEZ could disturb up to 18,016 acres (73 km2).
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