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Teachers' Pack 1001 inventions Teachers’ Pack Discover Our Past to Inspire Our Future Science Activities for This pack contains: 11-16 year olds 9 full colour activities For the Science National Curriculum Teachers’ notes for each activity www.1001inventions.com/eDUCAtion Acknowledgements chief editor teacher writers Professor Salim T S Al-Hassani, University Nigel Heslop of Manchester, Chairman of 1001 Inventions Anne Cassell and the Foundation for Science, Technology Christopher Clark and Civilisation (FSTC) Jane Vellacott editors Julie Smith Tony Sherborne, Centre for Science teachers and trial schools Education, Sheffield Hallam University Bilkish Mohamed of Al-Hijrah School, Philippa Hulme, Educational Consultant Birmingham production manager Shukla Kulkarni of Moseley School, Birmingham Samia Khan, Muslim Heritage Consulting Lavkesh Lal of Moseley School, Birmingham Deane Narayn-Lee of The Grange School, design and layout Bradford Linda Knight (Activities) Mark Simpkins of Levenshulme High School Mukhtar Sanders, Inspiral Design for Girls, Manchester (Pack Layout and Design) Dennis Ashpole of Burnage Media Arts College, consultants Manchester Dr Anne-Maria Brennan, Caroline Wright of South Chadderton School, London South Bank University Oldham Professor Mohammad El-Gomati, Bilgis Hassan of Manchester Islamic High School University of York for Girls, Manchester Martin Bazley, ICT4learning Monwara Begum of Grange School, Oldham Tony Sherborne, Centre for Science Jenny Gow of Burnage Media Arts College, Education, Sheffield Hallam University Manchester Shilpa Karavadra of Saltley School, Birmingham Tahira Shabbir of Small Heath School, Birmingham Special thanks for the support of Abdul Latif Jameel Community Initiatives. Special thanks are due to Marianne Cutler, the Director of Curriculum Development for the Association of Science Education for her work on the complementary set of posters, Cameron Buxton on the poster design, Elizabeth Woodcock and Dr Rabah Saoud for reviewing the text. Produced by 1001 Inventions for the Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation (FSTC), UK. Published by the Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation (FSTC), UK. Copyright © 2014 by the Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation (FSTC), UK All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed stored in a retrieval system in any form or by any means except for downloading and printing for personal or classroom use only. www.1001inventions.com/education 2 teacher writers Contents Nigel Heslop Anne Cassell Christopher Clark Title Page Jane Vellacott Introduction 7 Julie Smith Activity 1 10 teachers and trial schools Seeing in the Dark Bilkish Mohamed of Al-Hijrah School, Birmingham Activity 2 17 Shukla Kulkarni of Moseley School, Birmingham Coffee Lavkesh Lal of Moseley School, Birmingham Activity 3 24 Deane Narayn-Lee of The Grange School, Bradford Perfume Mark Simpkins of Levenshulme High School Activity 4 32 for Girls, Manchester Raising Water Dennis Ashpole of Burnage Media Arts College, Activity 5 38 Manchester Caroline Wright of South Chadderton School, Puzzling Plants Oldham Activity 6 47 Bilgis Hassan of Manchester Islamic High School Pharmacy for Girls, Manchester Activity 7 58 Monwara Begum of Grange School, Oldham Jenny Gow of Burnage Media Arts College, Build it Strong Manchester Activity 8 63 Shilpa Karavadra of Saltley School, Birmingham Figuring out Phenomena Tahira Shabbir of Small Heath School, Birmingham Activity 9 72 Bird Man 3 © University Library, Istanbul; Muslim Heritage Consulting, Dubai. Introduction he main aim of this pack is to help science teachers teach science content in a fun and engaging T manner while highlighting contributions by men and women scientific scholars in Muslim Civilisation. By offering easily digestible historical facts and simple experiments to demonstrate key scientific and technological principles this resource offers an exciting opportunity to promote understanding and contributions of the Muslim civilisation in a hands-on and minds-on fashion that is accessible to younger audiences between the ages of 11 and 16. How to use this Pack The activities are a result of collaboration between Foundation of Science, Technology and Civilisation, science teachers and consultants. Each activity is ready to photocopy and is accompanied by teacher notes including the areas of the curriculum which are covered, instructions on how to run the activity and relevant background material. 1001 Inventions The 1001 Inventions Teachers’ Pack is part of a unique global educational initiative that promotes awareness of a thousand years of scientific and cultural achievements from Muslim civilisation, celebrating discoveries that have had a huge but hidden influence on the modern world. 1001 Inventions produces books, websites, films, teaching resources, conferences and events. For more information visit www.1001inventions.com/education Books: Packed with facts, excerpts and illustrations which have been recreated for the first time from ancient manuscripts and Arabic treatises, this will be your first and only reference guide to Muslim heritage. To order your copies of the book, please contact [email protected] or visit www.1001inventions.com/book 5 Educational Poster Sets: A set of 10 high quality educational posters aimed for 11-16 year olds. A wonderful way to learn about Muslim Civilisation’s contribution to Science and brighten up the classroom! To order the posters, please contact [email protected] or visit www.1001inventions.com/shop/posters Seven Zone Posters Discover the Muslim Scientific Heritage in Discover the Muslim Scientific Heritage in Our Home Our Universe From the 8th Century, Muslim tradition and culture set trends in eating, Since Islam began the muezzin, or timekeeper for prayers, has called the faithful to prayer Coffee music and style that still influence us today. Their experiments, discoveries Lunar Landscape Luminaries five times a day. Their daily prayers are astronomically determined by the sun’s position 1,200 years ago in Ethiopia, an Arab called Khalid boiled coffee and inventions with liquids, light and time opened the door to a myriad of When viewed with the naked eye, the surface of the Moon in the sky, so it was vital to exactly predict its position and at any location on earth. Muslims berries to create al-qahwa. Sufis in Yemen drank it to concentrate new chemical compounds, measurements of time in precise and minute detail appears unevenly bright, with dark and light patches. These also needed to know the direction of Mecca from every geographical location. This they during late night prayers. features are called ‘lunar formations’. Of the 672 lunar did by observing the position of the sun and moon using new sophisticated instruments and devices used in space observation and deep sea exploration. formations, that were agreed upon at a conference of the Pasqua Rosee, a Turkish merchant in 1650, first brought Discover coffee the Muslim Scientific Heritage in Discover the Muslim ScientificInternational Astronomical Heritage Union in 1935, 13 were given the which in they had invented. The Quran, the Muslims’ holy book, contains numerous revelations to England. By 1700, there were about 500 coffee houses in names of major Muslim astronomers, since then more have been London, and nearly 3,000 in England. added. Some of these names include: about the heavens and celestial objects, and invites people to explore them. From all these religious motivations, astronomy and celestial objects were studied intensely Cappuccino was inspired by a Capuchin priest fighting the Turks Albategnius is named after al-Battani who was born in 858. He in Vienna in 1683. The Viennese mixed Turkish coffee with cream determined many astronomical measurements with great by Muslim scholars a 1000 years ago. and honey to create cappuccino. Did You Know? accuracy and wrote ‘The Sabian Tables’, which remained as the astronomical handbook for centuries after him. He also 10th Century Ibn al-Haitham produced scientific evidence on the workings of the eye and popularized, if not discovered, the first notions of trigonometric how we see. He carried out his meticulous experiments in a dark room and produced the ratios used today. first pinhole camera, or camera obscura. Thebit complements Thabit ibn Qurra, who died in Baghdad in 901. He was the first to translate into Arabic a large number of Did You Know? Greek and Syrian works on science. He also made major contributions of his own to pure mathematics. 600 years before Galileo, al-Biruni discussed the theory of the earth rotating about is own axis. He accurately calculated the earth's circumference and fixed scientifically the direction of Mecca from Nasireddin is a crater 30 miles in diameter named after Nasir any point of the globe. al-Din al-Tusi. He was a minister to the ruler of Persia in the mid- Our Schools Our World13th Century. Sound System Clocks Islamic Calendar Muslim explorers journeyed to the far-flung corners of their world in spectacularObservatories voyages Islam's emphasis on education is regarded as a major driving force in the AUTUMNAL EQUINOX Do 21st Century artists and singers know how much of their The 13th Century inventor al-Jazari fromThe Diyarbakir House of Wisdom tremendous growth of early Islamic Civilisation. A thousand years ago the Earth Figures For Muslims the Moon is incrediblyof important discovery. because From the Ibn Battuta walking, riding and sailing over 75,000
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