Homo Heidelbergensis Was Extremely Resourceful, New Research Shows
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C U R I O U S E-BOOK EDITION : SEPTEMBER 2020 MONTHLY MAGAZINE ON ANTHROPOLOGY Homo heidelbergensis was Extremely Resourceful, New Research Shows Gene Editing: Do We Have The Right to Genetically Mapping the ‘Indian’ NEW FOSSIL APE IS Enhance Our Children? genome DISCOVERED IN INDIA “Curious” seeks to enlighten the spirit of anthropology PAPER 1 amongst the students. It provides 1. How 19th-Century Anti-Black and Anti-Indigenous Racism Reverberates Today an opportunity for 2. Homo heidelbergensis was Extremely Resourceful, New Research Shows students to keep 3.Genetics Steps In to Help Tell the Story of Human Origins Africa’s sparse fossil them updated about record alone cannot reveal our species’ evolutionary history the recent 4.Zoology’s Racism Problem A new book explores the history of scientists’ efforts developments in the to classify living things. field of 5.Study shows role of pathogens in shaping human evolution. anthropology in a 6.Married to a ghost. holistic perspective. 7.Sree Chitra to examine gene mutation and carry out gene testing 8. Why Do We Keep Using the Word “Caucasian”? Disclaimer: The 9. Comparing Race to Caste Is an Interesting Idea, But There Are Crucial views expressed in Differences Between Both Isabel Wilkerson's book 'Caste: The Origins of Our the various articles Discontents' uses anecdotes and allegory to advance her thesis, which however does are those of the not stand on a strong structural foundation. authors and they not 10.The Evolution Of Modern Intelligence – When Did Humans Become Humans? necessarily reflect 11.The temporal lobes of Homo erectus were proportionally smaller than in H. the views of Vijetha sapiens IAS Academy. The 12.A 48,000 years old tooth that belonged to one of the last Neanderthals in advertisements Northern Italy apart from Vijetha if 13.Gene Editing: Do We Have The Right to Genetically Enhance Our Children? any added to this 14.Are Humans Still Evolving? Scientists Weigh In document regarding 15.Sex is real : Yes, there are just two biological sexes. No, this doesn’t mean every career guidance/ living thing is either one or the other books/institutions 16.Anthropologists compare composite measure of physiological dysregulation to shall be verified by understand how we age. such claims. 17.Stirling expert informs new study on chimpanzee behaviour 18.Inheritance in plants can now be controlled specifically For corrections/ 19.Forensic Anthropology: The Identification of human remains to solve a crime additions kindly 20.New $6.2 million study seeks to define molecular linkages between aging and write to us at www.vijethaiasacade Parkinson’s my.com 21.Is the Term “People of Color” Acceptable in This Day and Age? 22.How Dantu Blood Group protects against malaria—and how all humans could benefit 23.Seven footprints may be the earliest evidence of humans on the Arabian Peninsula 24.A risk conferred by a genomic segment inherited from Neanderthals occurs at the highest frequency among South Asians 25.Early human ancestors may have boiled their food in hot springs 1.8 million years ago — long before they learnt to use fire 26.Study Reveals Sapiens Copulated the Y Out of Neanderthals 27.Modern Human DNA Entered The Neanderthal Population Slowly 28. Were Other Humans the First Victims of the Sixth Mass Extinction? 29. New “Prime Editing” Method Makes Only Single-Stranded DNA Cuts 30. Modern humans and Neanderthals lived in Portuguese caves just THREE MILES apart for centuries and could have swapped technology, tools and mates, study 9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric and metric characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and environment; How 19th-Century Anti-Black and Anti-Indigenous Racism Reverberates Today A case study for the nation, Minnesota has witnessed racial violence from its inception as a U.S. territory Minnesota doesn’t typically come to mind when you think about slavery and the Civil War. It’s also not a place that’s figured into the national imagination when it comes to Black activism, either—at least, not until recently. However, as part of the series on “Black Life in Two Pandemics,” this post draws on several events in Minnesota’s history to help us understand the connections between the historic and the current experiences of Black and Native people in the Midwest. And yes, you’d expect a historian to claim that this history matters, but it’s crucial that we understand why it’s important. These encounters matter because they demonstrate the long history of Black and Native people in what’s now the state of Minnesota, and these encounters underscore and explain critical moments in the nation’s history. There are a number of events I could have included here, such as the establishment of 16 American Indian boarding schools across the state in the late 1800s and early 1900s, or the 1920 lynchings of three Black circus workers in Duluth in the wake of what’s come to be called the “Red Summer.” I could have explained how National Guard troops were deployed in Minneapolis in 1967 when racial tensions in the city led to protests and demonstrations, or how American Indians in Minneapolis formed the American Indian Movement in 1968 to protest police brutality. Instead, I’ve chosen to center this essay around Fort Snelling, particularly in terms of its construction as a military outpost, the experiences of enslaved people at the fort, its role in the wake of the 1862 U.S.-Dakota War, and its use as a headquarters for buffalo soldiers. Fort Snelling stands as a symbol of expansion and exploitation, but it also underscores the intertwined histories of Black and Native people in what is now Minnesota. The history of the fort is one of white supremacy that shapes both Minnesota and national law and history, and it helps us understand the interconnected histories of racist violence, especially during this dual pandemic of police violence and COVID-19. Curious September 2020 Early Encounters The Dakota people who have called this land home for centuries have a sacred place they call Bdote, which means “where two waters come together.” Bdote is where the Minnesota River (Mni Sota Wakpa) meets the Mississippi River (Wakpa Taŋka), and it’s what many Dakota consider to be their place of creation. Those who lived near Bdote tended to move with the seasons in order to find food and resources for their communities. European explorers, traders and missionaries reached the Dakota by the mid-1600s. Intermarriage among Europeans, Black people and Native people led to multifaceted kinship connections. George Bonga (1802–1880), who became a fur trader with the American Fur Company and later served as a guide and interpreter for government agents, was descended from enslaved people on his father’s side and Ojibwe people on his mother’s side. The Louisiana Purchase, signed a year after George Bonga’s birth, included Native lands. In 1805 U.S. Army Lieutenant Zebulon Pike set out to find places to build military posts. Pike encouraged Native leaders to sign the Treaty of St. Peters, also known as “Pike’s Purchase.” The treaty allowed the United States to build military posts and promised that the Dakota could use the land as they always had. Pike also promised to pay the Dakota for their land, but he left the amount blank. According to historian Roy Meyers, the Dakota received “$200 worth of presents” on the spot and the Senate filled in the blank spot when they ratified the treaty. Construction on the fort began in 1820. The U.S. government had several reasons for wanting to build a fort near Bdote. According to historian Peter DeCarlo, the United States wanted to keep the British out, profit off the resources in the region and stay on top of the fur trade. The government also wanted to try to keep the peace between the Dakota and their Ojibwe neighbors in order to draw more Euro-American settlers to the region. Military officers, government officials and fur traders were among those who would spend part of their lives at Fort Snelling. However, these men forcibly brought other people to the fort. The experiences of enslaved people at Fort Snelling intersected with both the growing Euro-American population and the Native peoples who found themselves on the edges of their own lands. Curious September 2020 Slavery, Freedom, and the Supreme Court While the Civil War wouldn’t start until 1861, several pieces of legislation brought arguments over slavery home to Fort Snelling. The 1787 Northwest Ordinance outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory, and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 also banned slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36°30’ parallel. However, officers in the U.S. Army were among those who illegally brought enslaved people to Fort Snelling. Lawrence Taliaferro, who served as the Indian Agent at the fort from 1820 to 1839, was the biggest local slaveholder in the region. He also imported enslaved people from Virginia to hire them out or sell them. According to historian Walt Bachman, the only thing Taliaferro lacked was an auction block. Colonel Josiah Snelling, the fort’s namesake who oversaw its construction, also owned enslaved people. While the names of many enslaved people who were brought to Fort Snelling were never written down, enslaved people at the fort resisted their condition in numerous ways, including four who sued for their freedom. Elias T. Langham, the subagent at the Indian Agency, bought a woman named Rachel in 1830 for Lieutenant Thomas Stockton. Rachel was enslaved at Fort Snelling and at Fort Crawford in what would become Wisconsin.