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Sunni Six Beliefs

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Sunni Six Beliefs Belief in Allah Sunni Six Beliefs 1) Tawhid: Belief in Allah as the one and only God Risalah (the communication between Allah and humans) – belief in angels, holy books and prophets 2) Malaikah: Belief in angels (see later notes) 3) Belief in the holy books: Kutub (see later notes) 4) Nubuwwah - Prophethood /Belief in the Prophets (see later notes) Belief in certain prophets who God chose to relay His message to humans is a required article of Sunni Islamic faith. 5) Akirah: Belief in the Life after Death. (see later notes) 6) Al Qadr: Belief in Predestination. (see later notes) The importance of the 6 Beliefs for Sunni Muslims today: • They are found in the Kitab al-iman (book of faith) “That you affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His books, His meeting, His messengers and that you affirm faith in the resurrection hereafter” (Kitab al-iman 1:4) • Unites Sunni Muslims and make them feel part of the Ummah as they all believe the same • It helps them understand their faith better – the know to follow the rules so that when they are judged, they will be rewarded with Paradise • Salvation in Islam comes from believing the six beliefs and living in the way set out by Islam • All Muslims are created equal in the sight of Allah, therefore Muslims should respect all people regardless of race or place of birth and should not judge people on factors such as gender, race or disability • Because of this belief in equality, there are no priests, or holy men with special authority in Sunni Islam. – The only intermediaries between Allah and people are angels – The only people given special authority and belief in Risalah means that there can be no prophets after Muhammad • People are born free from sin and bear no responsibility for the sins of others. Once you reach puberty and knowingly commit sins, then you are held responsible Shi’a Five Roots of Usul ad Din 1) Belief in Oneness and Unity of God: Al-Tawhid (see later notes) 2) Belief in Divine Justice: Al-Adl • Al Adl is the belief that God is Just and does not commit any act of injustice towards any human beings. “My Lord hath Commanded Justice” • Adalat – Allah is just and created the world in a just and fair way • God has given humans the ability to differentiate good from evil, which in the Qur'an is referred to as 'fitra'. • Therefore Humans must also try to be fair too as humans know what is right and wrong. • Muslims will receive a fair judgement for Akhira. 3) Belief in Prophethood: Al-Nubuwah (see later notes) 4) Belief in Imams: Al-Imamah • Immamah = “leadership” • Shia believe there are 12 infallible imams. • God wanted them to preserve Islam after Muhammad died over a long period of time to guide people. • There is only ONE single imam at a time. • The 12th Imam is hidden and one day will appear to end tyranny and oppression • According to Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (an Islamic Shia philosopher), the Imam is a means through which humans receive divine grace, because "He brings men closer to obedience (of Allah) and keeps them away from disobedience." 5) Mi’ad - Belief in Day of Resurrection and Judgement: (see later notes on Akirah) • After death humans will be resurrected, or brought back to life, to be judged • People will be held to account of their actions • “And because the hour is coming, there is no doubt about it and Allah resurrect those who are in the graves” (22:7). The importance of the Usul ad Din for Shi’a Muslims today • They are the basis of Shi’a Islam – the roots from which the faith grows • They unite the Shia Ummah • They help Shi’ites understand their faith e.g. resurrection/judgement • They show what a Shia Muslim must believe and guide them on how to act to ensure they go to heaven (Jannah) • The come from the teachings of the Qur’an and the Twelve Imams • Unless they understand and believe Usul ad Din they will not be able to perform the acts of worship necessary to live the Muslim life Sunni and the five roots Sunni’s accept four of the five roots since they are contained in the Six Beliefs: • Root 1 is Tawheed • Root 2 Al-Adl (Allah’s justice) they believe is part of Allah’s oneness (though they don’t place the same emphasis on it • Root 3 is Risalah • Root 4 Belief in the day of Judgement is Akirah But Sunnis cannot accept Root 4 Al-Imamah since they believe that Muhammad was the last of the prophets. Root 4 is the basis on disagreement and conflict between Sunnis and Shi’as. Imans are important as a source of authority for Sunni Muslims but they do note believe there were specifically appointed by Allah. Nature of Allah Tawhid • All Muslims are known as Monotheists as they only believe in ONE God. “Allah is Creator of all, and He is the One, the Supreme.” (13:16) • This is the basis of slam – It is the first part of the Shahadah (First Pillar)”I bear witness that there us no God but Allah” – Forms part of Salat (prayer 5 times a day) • God is the Creator and was not created by a being and only Allah should be worshipped. “Such is Allah, your Lord; there is no god but He, the Creator of all things; so, worship Him (and Him alone), and He has charge of all things. (6:102) Shirk is the division of the unity of Allah and the opposite of tawhid. It is the sin of polytheism (believing in and worshipping more than one God) and is an unforgiveable sin. Belief in Tawhid is important to Muslims because: • There is only one God who created everything • If the universe was made by one God, then the Muslim community (ummah) should be united • There can only be one law for Muslims – Shari’ah • This is why there can be no statues or images in the mosque (Islam rejects the attribution of any human form to God) The 99 names of Allah As Allah is transcendent, he cannot be described by humans, but the 99 names, will can be found in the Qur’an reveal his nature. They • help Muslims to know something of his unknowable nature of Allah • enables them to talk about their shared beliefs about Allah in a meaningful way • allow Muslims to develop a meaningful relationship with Allah • are accepted by all Muslims so brings the Ummah together • are in the Qur’an so Allah wants them to know these characteristics Al-Qadir The All Allah is all powerful and in “He has power over all things” Powerful control. He created the universe “Allah is Creator of all” (Omnipotent) so must have complete power . over it Islam means submission to Allah’s will. Muslims have submitted themselves to Allah because he is so great Al-’Alim The Knower of For Allah to be “Master of “Not a leaf falls, but that He All Judgement Day” he must know knows it" (omniscient) everything about what humans have done to have the power and authority to judge them Ar- The All-Merciful Allah is compassionate to people “My mercy embraces all things” Rahman who say sorry Every Surah begins with Bismillah (in the name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful) Al- The Loving One Allah cares for his creation on a “your Lords bounty Wadud (omnibenevol personal level (love/kindness) is not ent) restricted” Al-Afu The Forgiver Allah forgives the things people “Allah is all pardoning, ever- do wrong forgiving” Al- The Judge Allah will judge people on “Is not Allah the best of Judges” Hakam Judgment Day As- The Source of said at the end of Salah “I seek Allah’s Forgiveness. O Salam Peace Allah, You are As-Salaam” Al-’Adl The Just Allah judges in a fair and “Allah commands justice” unbiased way Nature of Allah The importance of the 99 names • Muslims may use subhan (set of 99 prayer beads) when they pray to help them remember and recite the 99 names • If they can recite all 99, this shows their devotion to Allah “There are 99 names of Allah, he who commits them to memory will get to paradise” (hadith 35:6475) Belief in omnipotence is important because: • Allah is in control of everything that happens • Allah has a plan for the world and the power to ensure it happens • Allah has the power to bring the world to an end on Judgement Day Belief in omnibenevolence is important because: • If Allah is compassionate and merciful to sinners, Muslims should also be merciful and forgiving • How can Muslims ask Allah’s mercy on Judgement Day if they are not prepared to forgive? • If Allah is compassionate and merciful to sinners, Muslims should also be merciful and forgiving • How can Muslims ask Allah’s mercy on Judgement Day if they are not prepared to forgive? Allah describes Himself as ‘The transcendent one’ implying that He is above and beyond His Creation. Allah is above the seventh heaven, distinct and independent from His creation. This can be seen in some of the 99 names “the Greatest”, “the Supreme One”, which show how far beyond human description God is. Belief in transcendance is important because: • It shows Allah is worthy of worship as he is greater than anything • It shows he is in control • It shows he is not restricted in anyway – by time, space or matter Allah is also immanent, this means that he is close to every human “Allah is closer to you than your Jugular vein” (50:16) and acts in this world.
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