DOCSLIB.ORG

A Survey of the Nepali People in 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Survey of the Nepali People in 2018 A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE 1 A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE IN 2018 :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;anLs/0f The Australian Government - The Asia Foundation Partnership in Nepal 2 A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE I A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE IN 2018 :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;anLs/0f The Australian Government - The Asia Foundation Partnership in Nepal II A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE IN 2018 © School of Arts, Kathmandu University, Interdisciplinary Analysts and The Asia Foundation, 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without written permission from The Asia Foundation, Interdisciplinary Analysts and School of Arts, Kathmandu University. School of Arts, Kathmandu University G.P.O.Box 6250, Hattiban, Lalitpur,Nepal Phone:+977-01-5251294,+977-01-5251306 Email: [email protected] https://kusoa.edu.np/ Interdisciplinary Analysts Chandra Binayak Marg, Chabahil, Kathmandu, Nepal Phone:+977-01-4471845, +977-01-4471127 www.ida.com.np The Asia Foundation G.P.O.Box 935, Thirbam Sadak, Kathmandu, Nepal www.asiafoundation.org A Survey of the Nepali People in 2018 was implemented with support from the Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade –The Asia Foundation Partnership on Subnational Governance in Nepal. The findings and any views expressed in relation to this activity do not reflect the views of the Australian Government or those of The Asia Foundation. Cover Photo: Pranaya Sthapit Design & Print: Creative Press Pvt.Ltd. A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE III FOREWORD In a short span of less than three decades, starting from 1990 when the first major political movement restored multiparty democratic system in the country, to 2017 when the elections at all three levels of a new republic and a federally structured country took place, Nepal has gone through some unprecedented socio-political changes. When so many path-changing and historical events take place in such a short duration and in such a rapid pace, it is bound to raise expectations of the people at large, while at the same time causing some uncertainties and raising concerns amongst them about being able to change themselves to accept the new realities. But change is a must. And change brings new opportunities. It is how one adopts and adapt to the new realities that will determine the success or failure of any transition – especially the big and impactful ones. But it is also by showing willingness to accept the change. The Nepali people have time and again shown that they are a resilient breed of people, and are open to changes, big or small. Provided that their expectations and aspirations are also met. Their expectations and aspirations are usually about being able to meet basic needs, having better livelihood opportunities, feeling safe and secure, getting services of decent quality, being able to lead a dignified life, and having cared and able leadership, among others. Indeed, these could be aspirations of citizens of any country, and the people of Nepal are no exceptions in this regard. This volume of A Survey of the Nepali People (SNP) in 2018 attempts to capture these very aspects of the people of Nepal in 2018, based on their lived experiences in the previous 12 months, and their aspirations and expectations for the days to come. This report is a contin- uation of a similar exercise done in 2017, the results of which were reported in SNP 2017. The results presented in SNP 2018 are based on the findings of a nation-wide survey conducted in the aftermath of first ever elections held for a new political setup in Nepal. These elections and the subsequent establishment of federal, provincial local governments in 2018 put a rubber stamp of sorts on the long struggle for political changes that had been ongoing in this country for decades and accelerated the transition. In this context, this report attempts to show what the public feel, and perceive, regarding the various day-to-day experiences of their lives in the new federal republic, expressed during the survey period. The findings presented here there- fore primarily reflect the mood of the people at that particular time, and thus provide the reader with some interesting insights. There is, for example, a general sense of cautious optimism towards the way things are moving forward. These results also raise some inevitable questions and may even tempt one to draw some hasty conclusions. The attempt therefore has been made to present the data as the people themselves have expressed, hoping that the data will speak for themselves, with very rudimentary and straightforward analysis made. This is also to welcome other interested parties and individuals to do further and deeper analysis, should they please to do so. A nationwide survey, by its very nature, gives us a wide range of information to reflect upon and digest. But one should be cautious to draw any concrete policy implications from just one or two surveys. This is so because survey data have their own limitations. For example, one limitation is caused by the mere timing of data collection or survey period. It is often the case IV A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE that the mood of the respondents is influenced by the most recent events in their locality. In this case, it was the elections held at a federated context. Consequently, many of the percep- tions and experiences expressed could have been influence by the formation of local govern- ments. Second, selecting the right sample size for a survey of this scale is almost always a challenge. There are always possibilities of encountering sampling, nonresponse, coverage and measurement errors. It will be up to the interested researcher to dig further into the data of the survey parts of which will be made public in the days to come. At the end, I would like to thank The Asia Foundation, especially the team responsible for this task, for the financial and technical support they have provided to us from the very beginning. Similarly, Interdisciplinary Analysts (IDA) provided the crucial support right from the initial stage of designing the questionnaire, conducting the nation-wide fieldwork, data collection, and compiling the data, for which I am deeply grateful. Furthermore, their critical and constructive feedback throughout the report writing was very helpful. Finally, my fellow colleagues at the School of Arts deserve a heartfelt appreciation for tirelessly working on this report and bringing it to its current shape. Prof. Dr. Sagar R. Sharma Dean, School of Arts, Kathmandu University April 19, 2019 A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A Survey of the Nepali People in 2018 is an output of a tripartite collaboration between School of Arts, Kathmandu University (KUSOA), Interdisciplinary Analysts (IDA) and the Asia Foundation (The Foundation). It was implemented through the Australian Government, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) – The Asia Foundation Partnership on Subnational Governance in Nepal. The survey fieldwork was implemented by an IDA team led by Dr. Sudhindra Sharma and coordinated by Hiranya Baral. Bal Krishna Khadka provided essential support on the technical aspects of survey methodology; Chandra Bahadur KC worked on the detailed sampling design and Dinesh Dangol and Sandeep Thapa designed the software for data entry. Preliminary analysis and write-up of each of the chapters was done jointly by Dr. Sharma, Akriti Rana, Bal Krishna Khadka and Chandra Bahadur KC. Prof. Dr. Sagar Raj Sharma from KUSOA provided the overall guidance to the survey, supervision to report writing, and contributed in final writeup/analysis of the Economic Outlook chapter. Dr.Uddhab Pyakurel provided inputs and contributed in final writeup/analysis of the two chapters National Mood and Identity/ Social Relations while Dr.Chandra Lal Pandey did the same for Governance and Political Participation and Personal Safety and Dispute Resolution chapters. Dr. Dhiraj Giri led the data analysis and Sabik Neupane assisted in the draft writeup. Sagar Prasai provided the final editorial support, while Srijana Nepal led the overall research including the design of questionnaire and Bishnu Adhikari provided guidance in the implementation of the survey from the Foundation. The SNP 2018 team expresses its sincere gratitude to the survey respondents for their views, the local authorities for their support and all the members who contributed in producing this report in its current shape. VI A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE A SURVEY OF THE NEPALI PEOPLE VII taBLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........... .........................................................................................................................................III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. V CHAPTER 1 INTRODUctiON ................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2 PUBLIC OUTLOOK AND NatiONAL MOOD ......................................................................... 7 2.1 Direction of the Country ...................................................................................... 9 2.2 Reasons for Optimism........................................................................................11 2.3 Problems and Challenges .................................................................................. 13 2.4 Local Conditions ...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020)
    Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020) Editor-In-Chief Shree Ram Bajagain Editor Aarya Adhikari Editorial Team Govinda Prasad Tripathee Ramesh Prasad Timalsina Data Analyst Anuj KC Cover/Graphic Designer Gita Mali For Human Rights and Social Justice Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) Nagarjun Municipality-10, Syuchatar, Kathmandu POBox : 2726, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5218770 Fax:+977-1-5218251 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.insec.org.np; www.inseconline.org All materials published in this book may be used with due acknowledgement. First Edition 1000 Copies February 19, 2021 © Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) ISBN: 978-9937-9239-5-8 Printed at Dream Graphic Press Kathmandu Contents Acknowledgement Acronyms and Abbreviations Foreword CHAPTERS Chapter 1 Situation of Human Rights in 2020: Overall Assessment Accountability Towards Commitment 1 Review of the Social and Political Issues Raised in the Last 29 Years of Nepal Human Rights Year Book 25 Chapter 2 State and Human Rights Chapter 2.1 Judiciary 37 Chapter 2.2 Executive 47 Chapter 2.3 Legislature 57 Chapter 3 Study Report 3.1 Status of Implementation of the Labor Act at Tea Gardens of Province 1 69 3.2 Witchcraft, an Evil Practice: Continuation of Violence against Women 73 3.3 Natural Disasters in Sindhupalchok and Their Effects on Economic and Social Rights 78 3.4 Problems and Challenges of Sugarcane Farmers 82 3.5 Child Marriage and Violations of Child Rights in Karnali Province 88 36 Socio-economic
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area Cggk"0F{ ;+/If0f If]Qsf :Tgwf/L Jgohgt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019
    Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019 ISBN 978-9937-8522-8-9978-9937-8522-8-9 9 789937 852289 National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Hariyo Kharka, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal National Trust for Nature Conservation P.O. Box: 3712, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 183, Kaski, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5526571, 5526573, Fax: +977-1-5526570 Tel: +977-61-431102, 430802, Fax: +977-61-431203 Annapurna Conservation Area Project Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.ntnc.org.np Website: www.ntnc.org.np 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Published by © NTNC-ACAP, 2019 All rights reserved Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit NTNC-ACAP. Reviewers Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah (Himalayan Nature), Dr. Naresh Subedi (NTNC, Khumaltar), Dr. Will Duckworth (IUCN) and Yadav Ghimirey (Friends of Nature, Nepal). Compilers Rishi Baral, Ashok Subedi and Shailendra Kumar Yadav Suggested Citation Baral R., Subedi A. & Yadav S.K. (Compilers), 2019. Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area. National Trust for Nature Conservation, Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. First Edition : 700 Copies ISBN : 978-9937-8522-8-9 Front Cover : Yellow-bellied Weasel (Mustela kathiah), back cover: Orange- bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah).
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnic Demography of Nepal
    AIMSA Collection For study Ethnic Demography of Nepal Harka Gurung Paper presented at a talk programme organized bv Nepal Foundation for Advanced Studies (NEFAS) January 10,1996, Kathmandu. 1. Definition and Data I. The basic elements of social composition include (a) race, as ethnicity/caste; (b) language or mother tongue; and (c) religion or belief. Many tend to include all these three under the rubric of 'ethnicity'. This seems misplaced. One such example leading to confusion is the terms 'Nepalese ethnic' used as in the case of refugees from Bhutan. They, however, include many ethnic/castes and are considered refugees because of their non-Nepalese political identity. They are indeed a group of people sharing Nepali language of which some have their own Tibeto-Burman mother tongue. Again, not all of them are Hindus as some follow their tribal belief. These so-called 'Nepalese ethnics' are actually a language group whether they subscribe to the semantics of Bhandari's 'Nepali' or Ghising's 'Gorkhali' Ethnicity, language, and religion do tend to overlap but treating them as discrete entities for analysis will contribute to clarity. 2. One also finds loose use of terms in Nepalese anthropological literature. This refers to transposition of linguistic labels in ethnic context such as 'Indo-Aryan' for Caucasoid or Khasa and 'Tibeto-Burman' for Mongoloid or Kirant. These two racial divisions also differ in social structure in that the Caucasoids are caste-based and the Mongoloids are mostly tribal. It would be useful here to make a subtle distinction of native terms 'jat' (caste) for the Caucasoids and 'Jati' (nationality) for the Mongoloids although they have a common etymology in the sense of 'species'.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Crisis of Caste Renouncer: a Study of Dasnami Sanyasi Identity in Nepal
    Molung Educational Frontier 91 Cultural Crisis of Caste Renouncer: A Study of Dasnami Sanyasi Identity in Nepal Madhu Giri* Abstract Jat NasodhanuJogikois a famous mocking proverb to denote the caste status of Sanyasi because the renouncer has given up traditional caste rituals set by socio-cultural institutions. In other cultural terms, being Sanyasi means having dissociation himself/herself with whatever caste career or caste-based social rank one might imagine. To explore the philosophical foundation of Sanyasi, they sacrificed caste rituals and fire (symbol of power, desire, and creation). By the virtues of sacrifice, Sanyasi set images of universalism, higher than caste order, and otherworldly being. Therefore, one should not ask the renouncer caste identity. Traditionally, Sanyasi lived in Akhada or Matha,and leadership, including ownership of the Matha transformed from Guru to Chela. On the contrary, DasnamiMahanta started marital and private life, which is paradoxical to the philosophy of Sanyasi.Very few of them are living in Matha,but the ownership of the property of Mathatransformed from father to son. The land and property of many Mathas transformed from religious Guthi to private property. In terms of cultural practices, DasnamiSanyasi adopted high caste culture and rituals in their everyday life. Old Muluki Ain 1854 ranked them under Tagadhari, although they did notassert twice-born caste in Nepal. Central Bureau of Statistics, including other government institutions of Nepal, listed Dasnamiunder the line ofChhetri and Thakuri. The main objective of the paper is to explore the transformation of Dasnami institutional characteristics and status from caste renunciation identity to caste rejoinder and from images of monasticism, celibacy, universalism, otherworldly orientation to marital, individualistic lay life.
    [Show full text]
  • Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal
    IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal Country Name Nepal Official Name Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Regional Bureau Bangkok, Thailand Assessment Assessment Date: From 16 October 2009 To: 6 November 2009 Name of the assessors Rich Moseanko – World Vision International John Jung – World Vision International Rajendra Kumar Lal – World Food Programme, Nepal Country Office Title/position Email contact At HQ: [email protected] 1/105 IA LCA – Nepal 2009 Version 1.05 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Country Profile....................................................................................................................................................................3 1.1. Introduction / Background.........................................................................................................................................5 1.2. Humanitarian Background ........................................................................................................................................6 1.3. National Regulatory Departments/Bureau and Quality Control/Relevant Laboratories ......................................16 1.4. Customs Information...............................................................................................................................................18 2. Logistics Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................33 2.1. Port Assessment .....................................................................................................................................................33
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal Side, We Must Mention Prof
    The Journal of Newar Studies Swayambhv, Ifliihichaitya Number - 2 NS 1119 (TheJournal Of Newar Studies) NUmkL2 U19fi99&99 It has ken a great pleasure bringing out the second issue of EdltLlo the journal d Newar Studies lijiiiina'. We would like to thank Daya R Sha a Gauriehankar Marw&~r Ph.D all the members an bers for their encouraging comments and financial support. ivc csp~iilly:-l*-. urank Prof. Uma Shrestha, Western Prof.- Todd ttwria Oregon Univers~ty,who gave life to this journd while it was still in its embryonic stage. From the Nepal side, we must mention Prof. Tej Shta Sudip Sbakya Ratna Kanskar, Mr. Ram Shakya and Mr. Labha Ram Tuladhar who helped us in so many ways. Due to our wish to publish the first issue of the journal on the Sd Fl~ternatioaalNepal Rh&a levi occasion of New Nepal Samht Year day {Mhapujii), we mhed at the (INBSS) Pdand. Orcgon USA last minute and spent less time in careful editing. Our computer Nepfh %P Puch3h Amaica Orcgon Branch software caused us muble in converting the files fm various subrmttd formats into a unified format. We learn while we work. Constructive are welcome we try Daya R Shakya comments and will to incorporate - suggestions as much as we can. Atedew We have received an enormous st mount of comments, Uma Shrcdha P$.D.Gaurisbankar Manandhar PIID .-m -C-.. Lhwakar Mabajan, Jagadish B Mathema suggestions, appreciations and so forth, (pia IcleI to page 94) Puma Babndur Ranjht including some ~riousconcern abut whether or not this journal Rt&ld Rqmmtatieca should include languages other than English.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Notes on Nepali Castes and Sub-Castes—Jat and Thar
    SOME NOTES ON NEPALI CASTES AND SUB-CASTES- JAT AND THAR. - Suresh Singh This paper attempts to make a re-presentation of evolution and construction of Jat and Thar system among the Parbatya or hill people of Nepal. It seeks to expose the reality behind the myth that the large number of Aryans migrated from Indian plains due to Muslim invasion and conquered to become the rulers in Nepal, and the Mongoloids were the indigenous people. It also seeks to show the construction and reconstruction of identity of the different castes (Jats) and subcastes (Thars). The Nepalese history is lost in legends and fables. Archaeological data, which might shed light on the early years, are practically nonexistent or largely unexplored, because the Nepalese Government has not encouraged such research within its borders. However, there seem to be a number of sites that might yield valuable find, once proper excavation take place. Another problem seems to be that history writing is closely connected with the traditional conception of Nepali historiography, constructed and intervened by the efforts of the ruling elite. Many of the written documents have been re-presented to legitimatize the ruling elite’s claim to power. As it is well known from political history, the social history, too, becomes an interpretation from the view of the Kathmandu valley, and from the Indian or alleged Indian immigrants and priestly class. It is difficult to imagine, that Aryans came to Nepal in greater numbers about 600 years ago, and because of their mental superiority and their noble character, they were asked by the people to become the rulers of their small states.
    [Show full text]
  • On-The-Job Training
    Health Response to Gender-Based Violence Competency Based Training Package for Blended Learning and On-the-Job-Training Facilitators’ Guide Government of Nepal Ministry of Health National Health Training Center 2016 Contributors List Mr. Achyut Lamichhane Former Director, National Health Training Center Mr. Anup Poudel International Organization for Migration Dr. Arun Raj Kunwar Kanti Children’s Hospital Ms. Beki Prasai United Nations Children’s Fund Ms. Bhawana Shrestha Dhulikhel Hospital Dr. Bimal Prasad Dhakal United Nations Population Fund Ms. Bindu Pokharel Gautam Suaahara, Save Ms. Chandra Rai Jhpiego Nepal Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Dr. Harihar Wasti Medicine Mr. Hem Raj Pandey Family Health Division Dr. Iswor Upadhyay National Health Training Center Ms. Jona Bhattarai Jhpiego Ms. Kamala Dahal Department of Women and Children SSP Krishna Prasad Gautam Nepal Police Dr. Kusum Thapa Jhpiego Mr. Madhusudan Amatya National Health Training Center Ms. Marte Solberg United Nations Population Fund Ms. Mina Bhandari Sunsari Hospital Dr. Mita Rana Tribhuwan University and Teaching Hospital Mr. Mukunda Sharam Population Division Ms. Myra Betron Jhpiego Mr. Parba Sapkota Population Division Dr. Rakshya Joshi Obstetrician and Gynecologist Nepal Health Sector Support Program/Ministry of Ms. Rekha Rana Health and Population Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Dr. Rijen Shrestha Medicine Mr. Robert J Lamburne UK Department for International Development Ms. Sabita Bhandari Lawyer Ms. Sandhya Limbu Jhpiego Dr. Saroja Pandey Paroparkar Maternity and Women’s Hospital Ms. Shakuntala Prajapati Management Division Ms. Suku Lama Paroparkar Maternity and Women’s Hospital Dr. Shilu Aryal Family Health Division Dr. Shilu Adhikari United Nations Population Fund National Health, Education, Information and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Glimpse of Kirat-Yakthung (Limbu) Language, Writing, and Literacy
    Journal of Global Literacies, Technologies, and Emerging Pedagogies Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2017, pp. 560-593 Delinking, Relinking, and Linking Methodologies: A Glimpse of Kirat-Yakthung (Limbu) Language, Writing, and Literacy Marohang Limbu1 Writing, Rhetoric, and American Cultures Michigan State University, USA Abstract: Limbus (Limboos), who are also known as “Yakthungs” or “Kirat-Yakthung” or “Kirats,” have/had their own unique culture, language, writing, and Mundhum rhetorics. After “Nun-Paani Sandhi” (Salt-Water Treaty) in 1774 with Khas-Aryas, they (Khas- Aryans) ideologically and Politically banned Limbus from teaching of their language, writing, and Mundhum rhetorics in Yakthung laje (Limbuwan). Because of the Khas-Aryan oPPression, Limbu culture had/has become oral-dominant; Yakthungs used/use oral- Performance-based Mundhum rhetorics to Preserve their culture, language, histories, and Mundhum rhetorics. The main PurPose of this article is to discuss the develoPment of Kirat-Yakthung’s writing and rhetoric and/or rise-fall-rise of Yakthung scriPt, writing, and literacy. The essay demonstrates how Kirat-Yakthung indigenous PeoPles are delinking (denaturalizing or unlearning) Khas-Aryan-, Indian-, and Western linguistic and/or cultural colonization, how they are relinking (revisiting or relandscaPing) their Susuwa Lilim and/or Sawa Yet Hang ePistemologies, and how they are linking their cultural and linguistic identities from local to global level. In this essay, I briefly discuss delinking, relinking, and linking methodology, and how Kirat-Yakthungs are translating it into Practice. This essay demonstrates Khas-Aryan intervention and/or Khas-Aryan paracolonial intervention in the develoPment of Kirat-Yakthung writing and literacy, and Kirat-Yakthungs’ resistance for their existence.
    [Show full text]
  • Himalayan Linguistics a Free Refereed Web Journal and Archive Devoted to the Study of the Languages of the Himalayas
    himalayan linguistics A free refereed web journal and archive devoted to the study of the languages of the Himalayas Himalayan Linguistics Issues in Bahing orthography development Maureen Lee CNAS; SIL abstract Section 1 of this paper summarizes the community-based process of Bahing orthography development. Section 2 introduces the criteria used by the Bahing community members in deciding how Bahing sounds should be represented in the proposed Bahing orthography with Devanagari used as the script. This is followed by several sub-sections which present some of the issues involved in decision-making, the decisions made, and the rationale for these decisions for the proposed Bahing Devanagari orthography: Section 2.1 mentions the deletion of redundant Nepali Devanagari letters for the Bahing orthography; Section 2.2 discusses the introduction of new letters to represent Bahing sounds that do not exist in Nepali or are not distinctively represented in the Nepali Alphabet; Section 2.3 discusses the omission of certain dialectal Bahing sounds in the proposed Bahing orthography; and Section 2.4 discusses various length related issues. keywords Kiranti, Bahing language, Bahing orthography, orthography development, community-based orthography development This is a contribution from Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 10(1) [Special Issue in Memory of Michael Noonan and David Watters]: 227–252. ISSN 1544-7502 © 2011. All rights reserved. This Portable Document Format (PDF) file may not be altered in any way. Tables of contents, abstracts, and submission guidelines are available at www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/HimalayanLinguistics Himalayan Linguistics, Vol. 10(1). © Himalayan Linguistics 2011 ISSN 1544-7502 Issues in Bahing orthography development Maureen Lee CNAS; SIL 1 Introduction 1.1 The Bahing language and speakers Bahing (Bayung) is a Tibeto-Burman Western Kirati language, with the traditional homelands of their speakers spanning the hilly terrains of the southern tip of Solumkhumbu District and the eastern part of Okhaldhunga District in eastern Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • CASTE SYSTEM in INDIA Iwaiter of Hibrarp & Information ^Titntt
    CASTE SYSTEM IN INDIA A SELECT ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of iWaiter of Hibrarp & information ^titntt 1994-95 BY AMEENA KHATOON Roll No. 94 LSM • 09 Enroiament No. V • 6409 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Mr. Shabahat Husaln (Chairman) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1995 T: 2 8 K:'^ 1996 DS2675 d^ r1^ . 0-^' =^ Uo ulna J/ f —> ^^^^^^^^K CONTENTS^, • • • Acknowledgement 1 -11 • • • • Scope and Methodology III - VI Introduction 1-ls List of Subject Heading . 7i- B$' Annotated Bibliography 87 -^^^ Author Index .zm - 243 Title Index X4^-Z^t L —i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere and earnest thanks to my teacher and supervisor Mr. Shabahat Husain (Chairman), who inspite of his many pre Qoccupat ions spared his precious time to guide and inspire me at each and every step, during the course of this investigation. His deep critical understanding of the problem helped me in compiling this bibliography. I am highly indebted to eminent teacher Mr. Hasan Zamarrud, Reader, Department of Library & Information Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for the encourage Cment that I have always received from hijft* during the period I have ben associated with the department of Library Science. I am also highly grateful to the respect teachers of my department professor, Mohammadd Sabir Husain, Ex-Chairman, S. Mustafa Zaidi, Reader, Mr. M.A.K. Khan, Ex-Reader, Department of Library & Information Science, A.M.U., Aligarh. I also want to acknowledge Messrs. Mohd Aslam, Asif Farid, Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui, who extended their 11 full Co-operation, whenever I needed.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Diagnostic of Selected Sectors in Nepal
    GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION DIAGNOSTIC OF SELECTED SECTORS IN NEPAL OCTOBER 2020 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GENDER EQUALITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION DIAGNOSTIC OF SELECTED SECTORS IN NEPAL OCTOBER 2020 ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2020 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2020. ISBN 978-92-9262-424-8 (print); 978-92-9262-425-5 (electronic); 978-92-9262-426-2 (ebook) Publication Stock No. TCS200291-2 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS200291-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.
    [Show full text]