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ILO Role in Economic and Financial Crises : Lessons from the 2002 Employment Sector Employment Report No. 4 2009 ILO role in economic and financial crises: Lessons from the 2002 Argentine crisis and its aftermath Hector Emilio Maletta ILO International Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction Copyright © International Labour Organization 2009 First published 2009 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without aut horization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licenses issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Maletta, Hector Emilio ILO role in economic and financial crises : lessons from the 2002 Argentine crisis an d it's aftermath / Hector Emilio Maletta ; International Labour Office, ILO International Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction. - Geneva: ILO, 2009 31 p. (Employment report ; no.4) ISBN: 9789221223894;9789221223900 (web pdf) International Labour Office; ILO International Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction economic recession / financial market / economic recovery / role of ILO / promotion of employment / decent work / social security / social dialogue / Argentina 03.04.3 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Inter national Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local offices in many countries , or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address, or by email: [email protected] Visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns Printed in Switzerland ii Preface The primary goal of the ILO is to contribute, with its member States, to achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people, a goal embedded in the ILO Declaration 2008 on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization, 1 and which has now been widely adopted by the international community. In order to support member States and the social partners to reach the goal, the ILO pursues a Decent Work Agenda which comprises four interrelated areas: Respect for fundamental worker’s rights and international labour standards, employment promotion, social protection and social dialogue. Explanations of this integrated approach and related challenges are contained in a number of key documents: in those explaining and elaborating the concept of decent work,2 in the Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122) and in the Global Employment Agenda. The Global Employment Agenda was developed by the ILO through tripartite consensus of its Governing Body’s Employment and Social Policy Committee. Since its adoption in 2003 it has been further articulated and made more operational and today it constitutes the basic framework through which the ILO pursues the objective of placing employment at the centre of economic and social policies. 3 The Employment Sector is fully engaged in the implementation of the Global Employment Agenda, and is doing so through a large range of technical support and capacity building activities, advisory services and policy research. As part of its research and publications programme, the Employment Sector promotes knowledge-generation around key policy issues and topics conforming to the core elements of the Global Employment Agenda and the Decent Work Agenda. The Sector’s publications consist of books, monographs, working papers, employment reports and policy briefs. 4 While the main findings of the research initiatives are disseminated through the Employment Working Papers, the Employment Report series is designed to consolidate the major evaluations of employment programmes, conclusions and resolutions of workshops and seminars, and other information details that are particularly, though not exclusively useful to the work of the ILO and its constituent partners. José Manuel Salazar-Xirinachs Executive Director Employment Sector 1 See http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/dgo/download/dg_announce_en.pdf. 2 See the successive Reports of the Director-General to the International Labour Conference: Decent work (1999); Reducing the decent work deficit: A global challenge (2001); Working out of poverty (2003). 3 See http://www.ilo.org/gea. And in particular: Implementing the Global Employment Agenda: Employment strategies in support of decent work. “Vision” document, ILO, 2006. 4 See http://www.ilo.org/employment. Lessons Argentina_formatted & edited.doc iii Foreword The current global economic and financial crisis represents a top priority concern for the ILO, as it brings with it dramatic consequences in terms of employment and poverty. In turn, the gravity of the job situation could trigger serious social and political issues and potential security risks in the worst hit countries and in the most fragile and tense areas. The Employment Sector is particularly concerned by the current trends and the possible future scenarios. Immediate efforts have therefore been deployed by the Organization in order to make available the relevant expertise and knowledge in support to tripartite constituents worldwide. The ILO strongly recommends that the job crisis is addressed in a comprehensive and globally concerted manner, by strengthening labour markets and social protection systems, and by putting emphasis on interlinked policy responses. While remaining a major challenge, this global crisis is to be addressed as an opportunity to promote and apply the fundamental principles of the Global Employment Agenda. Over the years, the ILO has developed a solid capacity to address employment issues and related socio-economic aspects of crises and recovery interventions. This capacity has been utilized to address several types of crisis and complex scenarios worldwide, which has allowed for a continuing learning and enhancing of the approaches. The response capacity of the ILO in crisis-affected contexts has been strengthened throughout the years by its International Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS). Its role has mainly been the one of supporting and building the capacities of field-based structures to set in motion timely and effective crisis responses. The practice on the ground has produced a wealth of significant lessons, thus increasing ILO’s know-how in this domain. We believe that when facing the current challenges of the job crisis, the ILO and its tripartite constituents can benefit from the lessons learnt in the past, and feed them into recovery strategies and plans. Particular reference is made here to those lessons drawn from the response to the Asian and the Argentinean financial crises that occurred in 1997-1998 and 2001-2002. Such a belief inspired the production of a series of reports that, through a description of the lessons learnt, would guide future ILO’s action. The present report reviews the recovery plans and actions set in place by the Organization in response to the Argentinean financial crisis of 2001-2002. Among the lessons drawn from this experience, the following are the most relevant: apply a tripartite approach since the beginning and reach consensus through social dialogue; create foundations for the implementation of the Decent Work Agenda; work closely with constituents and other stakeholders; prefer the immediate deployment of massive response instead of pilot projects; immediately conceive exit strategies for emergency measures; improve information flows; tackle the weaknesses of social security systems. Alfredo Lazarte-Hoyle Director ILO International Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction Lessons Argentina_formatted & edited.doc v Contents page Preface......................................................................................................................................................iii Foreword ................................................................................................................................................... v Figures....................................................................................................................................................viii List of abbreviations................................................................................................................................
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