Library of Congress Digital Preservation Newsletter

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Library of Congress Digital Preservation Newsletter July • 2009 Library of Congress Digital Preservation Newsletter NDIIPP Meeting Draws provided details about projects to retrieve web con- tent that is inaccessible through referenced hyper- Record Crowd links; using cloud computing for digital preserva- The Library of Congress annual National Digi- tion; and current U.S. copyright policies. tal Information Infrastructure and Preservation Pro- Social media covered the meeting in some detail. gram meeting drew over 150 people from 20 states The blog L’Archivista summarized all three days to share results from digital stewardship projects. of the meeting, and there were a number of Twitter This was the largest number of attendees yet, and in- tweets sent during the meeting. dicates success in building a fledgling national net- work of digital preservation partners. Read more about the other talks during the meet- ing at digitalpreservation.gov. Slides and notes from all meeting sessions are available from the events section of the NDIIPP website. • Digital Preservation Pioneer: Jerry Handfield Washington State Archi- vist Jerry Handfield traces his work on the innovative Wash- ington State Digital Archives NDIIPP 2009 Meeting Attendees. Credit: Barry Wheeler back to a history project he Laura Campbell, Associate Librarian for Strate- did in high school in Norwich, gic Initiatives, opened the meeting with words of ap- Connecticut. Handfield had preciation. “The energy and momentum you have to virtually “move” an 1830s- created is very impressive,” she said. “NDIIPP is era family from the East cross Washington State’s Top country to the Oregon terri- recognized around the world as a model for national Archivist Jerry Handfield. approaches to digital preservation, and a big reason tories, drawing upon historical for this is the enthusiasm and quality of the network people and events. As his research took him through members—all of you.” memoirs, biographies, newspapers and public re- cords, he became more absorbed in the work than Clay Shirky provided the meeting keynote. He expected. He relished solving mysteries, and discov- discussed the social nature of digital preservation is- ered a dedication to and a knack for historical re- sues, including the distributed publishing model of search. He felt the vitality of history and sensed that the internet and what he the lines connecting the past and present are taut and described as “filter fail- humming with relevance. His career course was set. ure.” Metadata is the key, but everyone is in- Prior to his tenure as Washington State Archi- volved in assigning de- vist, Handfield taught history at Indiana University scriptors, not just librar- and Purdue University at Indianapolis and worked ians and archivists at the Indiana State Library. From 1987 until 2001, he served as the Indiana State Archivist and headed The meeting featured the Commission on Public Records as a gubernato- 12 breakout sessions fo- rial appointee. During this time he became a fervent cusing on metadata, col- advocate for electronic records. laboration agreements, preserving dynamic con- Read more about Handfield’s work and experi- tent, web archiving and Author and media theorist Clay ences at digitalpreservation.gov. • other topics. Other talks Shirky. Credit: Barry Wheeler www.digitalpreservation.gov 1 July • 2009 NDIIPP Digital Preservation Web Preservationists Meet Video Series On May 4-7, 2009, 60 participants from 20 coun- The National Digital Information Infrastructure tries gathered at the Library and Archives Canada in and Preservation Program has released a new video: Ottawa for the annual International Internet Preserva- Bagit: Transferring Content for Digital Preservation. tion Consortium General Assembly. The meeting fo- Just over three minutes cused on activities of the three IIPC working groups: long, the video is aimed at the Access Working Group; the Harvesting Working librarians, archivists, and Group; and the Preservation Working Group. others interested in work- In addition to working group meetings, the Cana- ing with digital content. dian Association of Research Libraries helped spon- The Bagit production is sor an open session with panelists from the Library the first in a planned series Screenshot from the Video. of Congress, Internet Archive and Netarchive talking of videos that will address about preserving Internet content for future genera- specific digital preservation issues. Currently, the tions. library has a number of online video presentations featuring NDIIPP partners discussing their projects at digitalpreservation.gov. • Digital Preservation in the Round The 2009 annual Special Libraries Association IIPC General Assembly Members. Credit: David Knox conference, held in Washington, D.C. in mid-June, featured a session entitled “Digital Preservation: Read more about the meeting at digitalpreserva- Discovery in the Round.” tion.gov. • Session attendees—seated on all four sides of the speakers for the in-the-round effect—had many Upcoming Events questions. Issues raised included preserving com- • The Call for Proposals for Best Practices Ex- puter-assisted design data, securing institutional sup- change 2009 is open until August 5, 2009, and port for preservation activities and appraising scien- registration is open until August 25, 2009. The 4th tific databases. Web archiving was a topic of special annual conference will be held at the University at interest, with several participants inquiring about ex- Albany, State University of New York on Septem- isting practices, tools and services. ber 2-4, 2009. Read more about the meeting at digitalpreserva- • iPRES 2009, sponsored by the California Digi- tion.gov. • tal Library, will be held October 5-6, 2009 in San MetaNews Francisco. • Battling Link Rot. Following a two-year pilot • On October 7, 2009, the IIPC will sponsor a free, project evaluating its digital preservation efforts, one-day event, “Active Solutions for Preserving the Chesapeake Project Legal Information Ar- Internet Content,” at the California Mission Bay chive has released a report illustrating the severity Conference Center in San Francisco, California. of link rot. This event immediately follows iPRES 2009. • WARC File Format Published as an International Standard. The WARC file format is now approved To subscribe to this newsletter, go to https:// as an international standard: ISO 28500:2009. service.govdelivery.com/service/multi_subscribe. html?code=USLOC&origin=http://www.loc.gov type in WARC is expected to be a standard way to struc- your e-mail address, scroll down and click on “Digital ture, manage and store billions of resources col- Preservation.” Past newsletters are archived at http://www. lected from the web and elsewhere. digitalpreservation.gov/news/archive.html http://www.digitalpreservation.gov 2.
Recommended publications
  • WHTP-2009-06-National-Security-1.Pdf
    ABOUT THE AUTHOR Louis Fisher is Specialist in Constitutional Law with the Law Library of the Library of Congress. The views expressed here are personal, not institutional. Earlier in his career at the Library of Congress, Fisher worked for the Congressional Research Service from 1970 to March 3, 2006. During his service with CRS he was Senior Specialist in Separation of Powers and research director of the House Iran-Contra Committee in 1987, writing major sections of the final report. Fisher received his doctorate in political science from the New School for Social Research and has taught at a number of universities and law schools. He is the author of eighteen books, including In the Name of National Security: Unchecked Presidential Power and the Reynolds Case (2006), Presidential War Power (2d ed. 2004), Military Tribunals and Presidential Power (2005), The Politics of Executive Privilege (2004), American Constitutional Law (with Katy J. Harriger, 8th ed. 2009), Constitutional Conflicts between Congress and the Presidency (5th ed. 2005), Nazi Saboteurs on Trial: A Military Tribunal and American Law (2003), and, most recently, The Constitution and 9/11: Recurring Threats to America’s Freedoms (2008). He has received four book awards. Fisher has been invited to testify before Congress on such issues as war powers, state secrets, CIA whistle-blowing, covert spending, NSA surveillance, executive privilege, executive spending discretion, presidential reorganization authority, Congress and the Constitution, the legislative veto, the item veto, the pocket veto, recess appointments, the budget process, the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act, the balanced budget amendment, biennial budgeting, presidential impoundment powers, and executive lobbying.
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  • The Capitol Dome
    THE CAPITOL DOME The Capitol in the Movies John Quincy Adams and Speakers of the House Irish Artists in the Capitol Complex Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way A MAGAZINE OF HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED STATES CAPITOL HISTORICAL SOCIETYVOLUME 55, NUMBER 22018 From the Editor’s Desk Like the lantern shining within the Tholos Dr. Paula Murphy, like Peart, studies atop the Dome whenever either or both America from the British Isles. Her research chambers of Congress are in session, this into Irish and Irish-American contributions issue of The Capitol Dome sheds light in all to the Capitol complex confirms an import- directions. Two of the four articles deal pri- ant artistic legacy while revealing some sur- marily with art, one focuses on politics, and prising contributions from important but one is a fascinating exposé of how the two unsung artists. Her research on this side of can overlap. “the Pond” was supported by a USCHS In the first article, Michael Canning Capitol Fellowship. reveals how the Capitol, far from being only Another Capitol Fellow alumnus, John a palette for other artist’s creations, has been Busch, makes an ingenious case-study of an artist (actor) in its own right. Whether as the historical impact of steam navigation. a walk-on in a cameo role (as in Quiz Show), Throughout the nineteenth century, steam- or a featured performer sharing the marquee boats shared top billing with locomotives as (as in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington), the the most celebrated and recognizable motif of Capitol, Library of Congress, and other sites technological progress.
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  • The Building As Completed, from Walter's Designs
    CHAPTER XVI THE BUILDING AS COMPLETED, FROM WALTER’S DESIGNS DWARD CLARK supervised the completion of the Capitol the old Senate Chamber being devoted to the court room and the west from the designs of Thomas U. Walter, leaving the building as front being used by the court officials for office and robing rooms.1 it stands to-day. The terraces on the west, north, and south are The attic story [Plate 223] is so arranged in each wing that the a part of the general landscape scheme of Frederick Law Olm- public has access from its corridors to the galleries of the House and Ested. The building consists of the central or old building, and two wings, Senate Chambers, with provision for the press and committee rooms or the Capitol extension, with the new Dome on the old building. facing the exterior walls of the building. Document rooms are also pro- The cellar [Plate 220] contained space on the central western vided on this floor. extension available for office and committee rooms. Other portions of Plates 224, 225, 225a show the eastern front of the building as the cellar are given up to the heating and ventilating apparatus, or are completed, the principal new features being the porticoes on the wings, used for storage. Beneath the center of the Dome a vault was built in which are similar to the central portico designed by Latrobe. Although the cellar to contain the remains of George Washington, but because of the original design of Thornton contemplated a central portico he did the objection of the family to his burial in the Capitol his body never not contemplate the broad flight of steps which extends to the ground rested in the contemplated spot.
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  • THE AMERICAN POWER All- Stars
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  • Tips for Visitors
    Information for Visiting Public Entrances Hours for Visiting Public* Metro/Parking The Library occupies three buildings on Capitol The closest Metro Stations are Capitol South Hill. Most visitors first come to the historic Thomas Jefferson Building (Blue/Orange/Silver line—a 2 block walk) or Thomas Jefferson Building, located directly east 10 First Street S.E. Union Station (Red line—a ½ mile walk). of the U.S. Capitol Building. The Main Entrance Washington, DC 20540 is at the top of the Grand Staircase facing First Monday–Saturday The Library does not provide parking. Limited Street, SE. 8:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. metered and 2-hour zoned parking is available 1st street SE, between Independence Avenue in the surrounding neighborhoods. Limited and East Capitol Street public parking options include Union Station. Accessibility The Library buildings are fully accessible with James Madison Memorial Building elevators to all levels. The ADA entrance for 101 Independence Ave SE Admissions and Ticketing visitors to the Jefferson Building is at the Monday–Saturday Admission to the Library is free and no tickets driveway level beneath the Grand Staircase. 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. or reservations are required for admission. Wheelchairs are available on a first-come, first- Visitors are welcome to visit the Great Hall and served basis from the Jefferson Building John Adams Building exhibitions at their own pace using available Ground Floor Information Desk for use during 10 Second Street S.E. printed materials or to participate in a guided your visit. Braille brochures are available. Monday–Saturday tour (see below).
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  • Increasing Access to Information in the United States Congress
    Draft of 5/27/2021 – FOR DISCUSSION Increasing Access to Information in the United States Congress Thomas M. Susman “When the FOIA was on the House floor, right before the vote, Members lined up before the bill’s manager, John Moss. Each in turn asked ‘John, is this going to apply to us?’ When Moss replied ‘Absolutely not,’ the Member responded: ‘Well, then I’ll vote for it.’”1 ---------- “If it’s good for the Executive branch agencies, why isn’t it good enough for the Congress?”2 By its express terms, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) applies only to “agencies,” defined in the Administrative Procedure Act as “each authority of the Government of the United States . but does not include—(A) the Congress.”3 The “Final Report and Recommendations” of the 2018-2020 Freedom of Information Act Advisory Committee’s Report to the Archivist of the United States proposed: In the spirit of expanding the reach of FOIA, we believe that the next term of the Committee should give due consideration to the possibility of extending some aspects of FOIA to parts of the legislative and judicial branches.4 This memorandum reflects the conclusions following “due consideration” given to this issue, as to the legislative branch, by the Legislation Subcommittee (“Subcommittee”) of the 2020-2022 FOIA Advisory Committee. The Subcommittee’s consideration included a public presentation to the full Committee on March 3, 2021, from experts on access to both legislative and judicial branch records. Our proposal is that, pursuant to the Advisory Committee’s conclusion, the Archivist should recommend to Congress the following: Congress should adopt rules [or enact legislation] to establish procedures for effecting public access to legislative branch records in the possession of congressional support offices and agencies modeled after those procedures contained in the Freedom of Information Act.
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  • LIBRARY of CONGRESS 101 Independence Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20540 Phone, 202–707–5000
    LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 53 BookstoresÐGovernment Printing Office City Address Telephone Washington, DC, area: Main Bookstore ..................... 710 N. Capitol St. NW. ................................................................................ 202±512±0132 McPherson Square ............... 1510 H St. NW. ........................................................................................... 202±653±5075 Retail Sales Outlet ................ 8660 Cherry Ln., Laurel, MD ....................................................................... 301±953±7974 Atlanta, GA ............................... Suite 120, 1st Union Plz., 999 Peachtree St. NE. ...................................... 404±347±1900 Birmingham, AL ........................ 2021 3d Ave. N. .......................................................................................... 205±731±1056 Boston, MA ............................... Rm. 169, 10 Causeway St. ......................................................................... 617±720±4180 Chicago, IL ............................... Rm. 124, 401 S. State St. ........................................................................... 312±353±5133 Cleveland, OH .......................... Rm. 1653, 1240 E. 9th St. .......................................................................... 216±522±4922 Columbus, OH .......................... Rm. 207, 200 N. High St. ............................................................................ 614±469±6956 Dallas, TX ................................. Rm. 1C50, 1100 Commerce
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  • The President's Reorganization Authority
    Order Code RL30876 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web The President’s Reorganization Authority: Review and Analysis March 8, 2001 name redacted Specialist in Government Organization and Management Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress The President’s Reorganization Authority: Review and Analysis Summary Among the initiatives being promoted with the beginning of the Administration of President George W. Bush is that of renewing the President’s lapsed authority to submit reorganization plans to Congress. The general rationale offered for renewing this authority is that it would provide additional flexibility and discretion to the President in organizing the executive branch to promote “economy and efficiency” as well as his political priorities. The regular legislative route for considering presidential proposals involving organizational changes is deemed by reorganization authority supporters as being unduly slow and cumbersome. Thus, the proposal to permit the President to submit reorganization plans subject to mandatory congressional consideration with “fast track” procedures is viewed by the reorganization proposal’s proponents as a necessary reform for good government. Critics of the reorganization plan authority reject the arguments and assumptions behind the proposal and defend the efficacy and legitimacy of the regular legislative process for executive reorganization proposals. This report addresses three specific issues: (1) the historical basis and use of the President’s reorganization authority; (2) the factors contributing to the lapse of the President’s reorganization authority in 1984,1 and (3) thoughts on the future of reorganization in the executive branch. 1 It is worth noting that the Reorganization Act of 1977, as amended, remains “on the books,” but is not presently operative for execution as it expired on December 31, 1984.
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  • Policy and Legislative Research for Congressional Staff: Finding Documents, Analysis, News, and Training
    Policy and Legislative Research for Congressional Staff: Finding Documents, Analysis, News, and Training Updated June 28, 2019 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43434 Policy and Legislative Research for Congressional Staff Summary This report is intended to serve as a finding aid for congressional documents, executive branch documents and information, news articles, policy analysis, contacts, and training, for use in policy and legislative research. It is not intended to be a definitive list of all resources, but rather a guide to pertinent subscriptions available in the House and Senate in addition to selected resources freely available to the public. This report is intended for use by congressional staff and will be updated as needed. Congressional Research Service Policy and Legislative Research for Congressional Staff Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Congressional Documents ............................................................................................................... 1 Executive Branch Documents and Information ............................................................................... 9 Legislative Support Agencies ........................................................................................................ 12 News, Policy, and Scholarly Research Sources ............................................................................. 13 Training and
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  • THE AMERICAN AI STRATEGY 16 September 2019
    INSIDERS DINNER: THE AMERICAN AI STRATEGY 16 September 2019 The American AI Initiative has – at least on the surface – made government agencies put artificial intelligence on the priorities radar in their immediate and extended work. Important challenges include: the lack of a centralized platform to “hold people together”; help form a suite of best practices; ensure agencies advance in a strategically aligned fashion; hiring top AI talent into government roles; and the broader need for AI education across agencies to debunk myths, facilitate feasibility assessments and troubleshoot. At the national level, the U.S. has to consider the urgency of the competition with other nations, particularly China, whose capacity to innovate is increasing. To stay competitive, there is a call for concrete goals from the White House to advance AI and for concrete funding to achieve these goals. Deeper public-private- academic collaboration is proposed for developing a responsible regulatory structure or enabling the vast troves of government data to serve the general public. As to the growing need for workers skilled in new technologies – is this achieved through incentivizing computer science studies, perhaps ensuring immigration policies allow American companies to brain gain global talent? On workforce and broader society questions, the balancing act between infusing technology into the national culture via “computational or algorithmic thinking” and orienting toward broader sociotechnological priorities is shifting. Introducing computer science foundational curriculum in K-12 education could increase technological accessibility across all socio-economic layers of our society – and so could gaming – but we need a clear path for converting that fundamental knowledge into economically productive applications.
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  • The Old Capitol As Completed
    CHAPTER VI THE OLD CAPITOL AS COMPLETED 1 HE old Capitol was situated in a park of 22 ⁄2 acres [Plate 87], The eastern entrance, according to Mills, had spacious gravel inclosed by an iron railing.1 There were nine entrances to the walks, through a “dense verdant inclosure of beautiful shrubs and trees, grounds, two each from the north and south for carriages, two circumscribed by an iron palisade.” 3 An old print, made from a draw- on the east and three on the west for pedestrians. The western ing by Wm. A. Pratt, a rural architect and surveyor in 1839, gives a Tentrances at the foot of the hill were flanked by two ornamental gate or clear idea of the eastern front of the building and its surroundings at watch houses [Plate 81]. The fence was of iron, taller than the head of this period [Plate 90]. an ordinary man, firmly set in an Aquia Creek sandstone coping, which The old Capitol building covered 67,220 square feet of ground. covered a low wall [Plate 82]. The front was 351 feet 4 inches long. The depth of the wings was 131 On entering the grounds by the western gates, passing by a foun- feet 6 inches; the central eastern projection, including the steps, 86 feet; tain, one ascended two flights of steps to the “Grand Terrace” [Plate 88]. the western projection, 83 feet; the height of wings to the top of Upon the first terrace was the Naval Monument, erected to those balustrade, 70 feet; to top of Dome in center, 145 feet.
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  • Adding Recess Appointments to the President's “Tool
    Political Research Quarterly Volume XX Number X Month XXXX XX-XX Adding Recess Appointments © University of Utah 10.1177/1065912907307541 http://prq.sagepub.com to the President’s “Tool Chest” hosted at http://online.sagepub.com of Unilateral Powers Ryan C. Black Anthony J. Madonna Ryan J. Owens Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri Michael S. Lynch University of Kansas, Lawrence In the struggle to control the federal bureaucracy, presidents have an overlooked but powerful tool: the recess appoint- ment. By making recess appointments, presidents can fill vacancies without the advice and consent of the Senate. The authors delineate three conditions that define presidential unilateral powers and demonstrate how recess appointments fit within that paradigm. Presidents, the authors argue, should be more likely to make recess appointments to impor- tant policy-making positions, namely, major independent agencies. The authors compiled a data set of every civilian nomination and recess appointment between 1987 and 2004. After controlling for other factors, the authors find strong support for their theory. Keywords: recess appointments; presidential powers; Congress-presidential relations; unilateral presidency; sepa- ration of powers n June 15, 2005, the Federal Elections Commis- reservations about the BCFRA, through a grueling Osion (FEC) published a press release announcing hearing and possible rejection in the Senate, the pres- the resignation of Commissioner Bradley Smith. ident waited for the Senate to recess. Then he Smith’s departure meant that four of the six sitting appointed three candidates to the commission, using commissioners had either resigned or were serving his constitutionally granted power to fill vacancies expired terms. President George W.
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