6.2 Hydrology and Water Quality
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
6.2 Hydrology and Water Quality 6.2 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY 6.2.1 Introduction This chapter describes water resources in the Planning Area, including major surface and groundwater resources and regulatory programs related to the protection of water quality. Water resources and infrastructure are discussed in Sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively; and flooding issues and hazards are discussed in Section 7.2. The various sources used in the preparation of this chapter includes State, county, regional, and local resources such as the California Department of Water Resources, Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board, Watersheds Coalition of Ventura County, Calleguas Municipal Water District, and the Ventura County Watershed Protection District. Calleguas Creek Watershed Simi Valley is located within the Calleguas Creek Watershed (Watershed). The Watershed encompasses approximately 343 square miles, predominantly in southern Ventura County, and is located along an east-west axis, approximately 30 miles long and 14 miles wide, as shown in Figure 6.2-1 (Groundwater Basins and Watersheds). The northern boundary is formed by South Mountain and Oak Ridge, the northeast and east boundary is formed by the Santa Susana Mountains, and the southern boundary is formed by the Simi Hills and Santa Monica Mountains. The Watershed includes Conejo Creek, Arroyo Santa Rosa, Arroyo Simi, Arroyo Las Posas, and Calleguas Creek, as well as Revolon Slough and Mugu Lagoon.159 Approximately 50 percent of the Watershed is undeveloped open space, 25 percent is agricultural, and the remaining 25 percent is urban land use.160 The Watershed is semi-arid, receiving an average of 15 inches of rainfall per year (at Moorpark) with a historical annual range of 6 inches to over 30 inches. Nearly all of the rainfall occurs between November and March.161 Simi Valley receives an average of 14.37 inches of rainfall per year.162 The upper reach of the Watershed includes Simi Valley and Las Posas Valley. The main surface water bodies are the Arroyo Simi, Arroyo Las Posas and the uppermost reach of the Calleguas Creek. The groundwater bodies include the Las Posas Basin, one of the major aquifers within the Fox Canyon Aquifer System, and the South Las Posas Basin and the Simi Valley Basin, both unconfined groundwater basins (Figure 6.2-1). Development on the northern reach includes the City of Simi Valley, the City of Moorpark, and some 19,000 acres of irrigated agriculture.163 159 Calleguas Municipal Water District. 2004. Calleguas Creek Watershed Management Plan. 160 Watersheds Coalition of Ventura County (WCVC). 2006. Integrated Regional Water Management Plan. 161 Larry Walker Associates. 2004. Technical Memorandum: Draft Salts Conceptual Model for the Calleguas Creek Watershed, January. 162 Simi Valley, City of. 2007. Simi Valley at a Glance website: http://www.simivalley.org/html/simi_valley_at_a_glance.html. Accessed April 11, 2007. 163 Larry Walker Associates. 2004. Technical Memorandum: Draft Salts Conceptual Model for the Calleguas Creek Watershed, January. Simi Valley General Plan Update Technical Background Report 6.2-1 Chapter 6 Natural Resources 6.2.2 Existing Conditions Surface Water The Watershed has relatively few surface water features. There are no natural lakes and no major rivers. The surface waters are primarily arroyos and creeks that have historically carried storm flows and post-storm flows from the upper watershed down to the alluvial valleys and the southeastern portion of the Oxnard Plain.164 The major drainage course through the City of Simi Valley is the Arroyo Simi. This major channel drains from the extreme limits of the watershed in the east and northeast, then westerly through the Las Posas Valley (as Arroyo Las Posas) to the Oxnard Plain (as Calleguas Creek), and finally into the Pacific Ocean through Mugu Lagoon.165 In the eastern half of the valley, the Arroyo Simi traverses close to the base of the hills on the southern edge of the valley, while in the western half it traverses diagonally across the valley to the northwest, reaching the center of the valley from which it discharges downstream toward Moorpark.166 Tributaries to Arroyo Simi from the Santa Susana Mountains on the north are, from west to east, Alamos Canyon, Brea Canyon, North Simi Drain, Dry Canyon, Tapo Canyon, Chivo Canyon, and Las Llajas Canyon. Canyons draining the Simi Hills from the south are Sycamore Canyon, Bus Canyon, Erringer Road Drain, Runkle Canyon, Meier Canyon and Black Canyon in the Santa Susana area.167 Surface Water Quality Issues Surface water quality within the City is affected by a variety of different discharges from both point and nonpoint sources. Wastewater treatment plant effluent is the largest and most common point-source discharge. Urban runoff, erosion, agricultural runoff, and other natural causes are common nonpoint sources. Pollutants from both point and nonpoint sources include total dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids, oil, grease, nutrients (nitrogenated and phosphorated compounds), metals, bacteria, and pesticides. As discussed in the Regulatory Setting, Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) have been established to address surface water quality issues for chloride and nitrates and effects. Most of the surface waters within the Watershed have been identified by water quality regulators as impaired (conditions are inadequate to support beneficial uses as designated by the Regional Water Quality Control Board). The impaired uses include drinking water, aquatic life support, and recreation. The most significant sources of impairment are generally considered to be nonpoint sources of toxic pollutants, nitrogen, sediments, and algae. Point sources are also identified as potential sources of toxic 164 Ibid. 165 Ventura County Watershed Protection District. 2003. Calleguas Creek Watershed Hydrology Study Present Condition, March. 166 Simi Valley, City of. 1990. Master Plan of Drainage, December. 167 Ventura County Watershed Protection District. 2003. Calleguas Creek Watershed Hydrology Study Present Condition, March. 6.2-2 Simi Valley General Plan Update Technical Background Report CITY of SIMI VALLEY General Plan Update GROUNDWATER BASINS AND WATERSHEDS Legend Groundwater Basin Conejo Valley Conejo-Tierra Rejada Los Posas Valley San Fernando Valley Simi Valley n o y R n NYONS D LOST CA a Tierra Rejada C o LOS POSAS v i VALLEY h Watershed Boundary C Groundwater TTONW Basin CO OO D DR n o City Boundary y n n a o C y n y T a r A City Urban Restriction P C D n O s o C a y j Boundary n A a l a N Y L C SIMI VALLEY O s s N o Groundwater a T R S L Sphere of Influence L m OS ON Basin D A a LC ALAMO ST N l FA GELE S A VE A on any Area of Interest and Planning a C re Y S B O T T K E AÝE A Area S ST S S OCHRAN U C A E P E E Y F E Q R M R O C I H R N E R U I A N S A T I M S S N S O M E T E Y S T A S G T R I A S O A T D T E V D Arroyo Simi R E R A E R E R V R A D n E D E R o AV R LES y LOS ANGE D n a Major Road RD C DA Ar EJA r o A R oy p ERR o a ST TI Sim T N i IA a RD Railroad os UA R CONEJO-TIERRA G a E t REJADA E an ROYAL AV r S i yo Groundwater n rro g A Basin e r R TIERRA o Lo FITZGERALD RD a s Alis o B d S s C REJADA D B O y an L r c y A X Sinaloa a o C Groundwater a n C i n K Lake more C A n o k a Blac C C Basin any N n y on A y Y D n N R o O RA n a Y DE O N A C N M R r D e R i D e ?íE M R u n L k o W l s e A O lisos Canyo n RD O C a EN D S n L R O y Bard A o Reservoir N RD n C N H YO N P A K C W G Y N LO SAN FERNANDO Source: CA Interagency Watershed Map, VALLEY 1999 Groundwater Basin Date Revised: June 5, 2007 D21310_Simi_Valley_GP\groundwater.mxd CONEJO VALLEY Groundwater Basin Miles [ 0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 Figure 6.2-1 6.2 Hydrology and Water Quality pollutants and nitrogen compounds,168 including the presence of high levels of TDS and high chloride and nitrate concentrations, largely due to urban development and past agricultural activities.169 Impacts from increased urbanization and hardscaping of undeveloped areas will likely have an impact on future water recharge capabilities. Aquatic life in both Mugu Lagoon and the inland streams of this Watershed has been impacted by pollutants from nonpoint sources. Chemicals such as DDT, PCBs, other pesticides, and some metals have been detected in both sediment and biota collected from surface waterbodies of this Watershed. Additionally, ambient toxicity has been revealed in several studies from periodic toxicity testing in the Watershed [ammonia from Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) and pesticides such as diazinon and chlorpyrifos are implicated]. Fish collected from Calleguas Creek and Revolon Slough exhibit skin lesions and have been found to have other histopathologic abnormalities. High levels of minerals and nitrates are common in the water column as well as in the groundwater. Sediment toxicity is also elevated in some parts of the lagoon.