DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic Independence For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic Independence For ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE FOR MOTHERS OF YOUNG CHILDREN: IMPOSSIBLE DREAM OR AGENDA FOR CHANGE? Submitted by Marty (Valma May) Grace Department of Communication, Language and Cultural Studies Faculty of Arts Victoria University Melbourne In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2002 Statement of Originality and Ethics Approval This work has not previously been submitted, in whole or in part, for a degree or diploma at this or any other university. It includes no material previously published or written by any other person, except where due reference is made in the text and notes. This research was approved by the Victoria University of Technology Human Research Ethics Committee, Approval Number HRETH 42/96. Marty Grace August 2002 Dedication Three of my family members died during my candidature. My parents Fred and Valma Grace supported and encouraged my work. My grandson Vaughn inspired me with his zest for life. This work is dedicated to them. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ......................................................................................................vii ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................................viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................................................................ix PREAMBLE: Personal background to the study......................................................................................x CHAPTER 1:CARING FOR YOUNG CHILDREN: THE NEED FOR CHANGE................................1 Brief overview of the study ......................................................................................................................1 Dissatisfaction with social arrangements for care of young children .......................................................6 A women’s issue?...................................................................................................................................10 Conditions of life and economic arrangements of Australian mothers of young children......................11 Time use: Paid and unpaid work ............................................................................................................15 Care of young children as exploitation of women’s labour....................................................................18 Caring for young children and public policy..........................................................................................20 Feminism and motherhood .....................................................................................................................22 Significance of the study ........................................................................................................................25 Structure of the thesis .............................................................................................................................27 CHAPTER 2: PAID AND UNPAID WORK: CRITIQUE AND IDEAS FOR CHANGE....................28 Historical changes to paid and unpaid work...........................................................................................28 Criticism of the public/private split ........................................................................................................33 Social policy...........................................................................................................................................35 Gender-based wages policy ..........................................................................................................36 Income support..............................................................................................................................38 Unpaid work and women’s economic position.......................................................................................40 Feminist theory and activism..................................................................................................................42 First-wave and post-suffrage feminism.........................................................................................43 Second-wave feminism.................................................................................................................46 Third-wave feminism....................................................................................................................51 Need for change and barriers to change .................................................................................................54 Work and family conflict: ideas for change..................................................................................55 Scandinavian models.....................................................................................................................61 This study in relation to the literature.....................................................................................................62 CHAPTER 3: THEORISING AN AGENDA FOR CHANGE ..............................................................65 Contemporary critical social theory........................................................................................................65 Social reform and transformational change ..................................................................................75 The idea of a coherent agenda for change.....................................................................................76 Feminist theory.......................................................................................................................................77 Equality/difference........................................................................................................................79 The public/private divide and citizenship .....................................................................................81 Family ...........................................................................................................................................84 Framework for considering future change..............................................................................................85 CHAPTER 4: CONDUCTING THE RESEARCH ................................................................................90 Rationale for methodology .....................................................................................................................91 Research strategies .................................................................................................................................92 Feminist approach of the research ..........................................................................................................93 Reflexivity in the research......................................................................................................................96 Methods of data collection and analysis...............................................................................................101 Interviews with high-profile social commentators......................................................................101 Second-round focus groups.........................................................................................................104 Ethical considerations...........................................................................................................................107 Ethical standards of the research design and...............................................................................108 competence of the researcher......................................................................................................108 Informed consent ........................................................................................................................108 Welfare of participants................................................................................................................109 Limitations of the study........................................................................................................................110 Summary ..............................................................................................................................................111 CHAPTER 5: SOCIAL COMMENTATORS’ IDEAS FOR CHANGE..............................................113 Interviewees’ interest, perspective and vision ......................................................................................114 Pathways towards a better future..........................................................................................................124 Maternity leave.....................................................................................................................................125 Childcare ..............................................................................................................................................128 Labour market participation .................................................................................................................130 Workplace and employment conditions ...............................................................................................133 Gender equity .......................................................................................................................................135 Bringing about change..........................................................................................................................136
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Technologies of Suspicion and the Ethics of Obligation in Political Asylum
    Technologies of Suspicion and the Ethics of Obligation in Political Asylum Edited by Bridget M. Haas and Amy Shuman Technologies of Suspicion and the Ethics of Obligation in Political Asylum SERIES IN HUMAN SECURITY Series editors: Geoffrey Dabelko, Brandon Kendhammer, and Nukhet Sandal The Series in Human Security is published in association with Ohio University’s War and Peace Studies and African Studies programs at the Center for International Studies and the Environmental Studies Program at the Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs. Technologies of Suspicion and the Ethics of Obligation in Political Asylum, edited by Bridget M. Haas and Amy Shuman Technologies of Suspicion and the Ethics of Obligation in Political Asylum Edited by BRIDGET M. HAAS AND AMY SHUMAN OHIO UNIVERSITY PRESS I ATHENS Ohio University Press, Athens, Ohio 45701 ohioswallow.com © 2019 by Ohio University Press All rights reserved To obtain permission to quote, reprint, or otherwise reproduce or distribute material from Ohio University Press publications, please contact our rights and permissions department at (740) 593-1154 or (740) 593-4536 (fax). Printed in the United States of America Ohio University Press books are printed on acid-free paper ƒ ™ 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Haas, Bridget M., editor. | Shuman, Amy, date, editor. Title: Technologies of suspicion and the ethics of obligation in political asylum / edited by Bridget M. Haas and Amy Shuman. Description: Athens, Ohio : Ohio University Press, 2019. | Series: Series in human security | Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Summer 2013 Cover
    the HUMAN LIFE REVIEW SUMMER 2013 Featured in this issue: William Murchison on . Life: Staring Us in the Face Eric Metaxas on . The War on the Unborn Anne Conlon on . HLR’s Unparalleled Archive Laura Echevarria on . Planned Parenthood Kills “Choice” BOOKNOTES Mark S. Latkovic on Proof of Heaven by Eben Alexander, MD Daniel J. Blackman on Modern Moral Problems by Msgr William Smith Ellen Wilson Fielding on . The Loss of Childhood Innocence Caitlin Smith Gilson on . Abortion’s Denial of Contingency John Burger on . Pope Benedict’s Pro-life Legacy Leslie Fain on . The Business of Engaging in Sex William F. Buckley Jr. on . Letter from a Friend (1980) Also in this issue: Richard Hurzeler • Donald DeMarco • James Mumford George Weigel • Kevin D. Williamson • Wesley J. Smith Published by: The Human Life Foundation, Inc. New York, New York Vol. XXXIX No. 3 $8.00 a copy ABOUT THIS ISSUE . we don’t edit the Review in a thematic fashion, but as I read the final proofs for this issue, it struck me that playing through its pages was a recurrent theme of childhood betrayal. Abortion, of course, is the primal betrayal, snuffing out not only individual lives but family trees, and even, in a sense, as Caitlin Smith Gilson argues in her debut essay here, the author of life himself. “[A]bortion’s pogrom against contingency,” she writes, “has in praxis destroyed man’s access to the divine . .” (“The Grand Refusal: Abortion’s Pogrom Against Contingency,” p. 48). Hers is an intellectually challenging argument with rich rewards for the attentive reader; we are pleased to welcome Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • An Australian Study of Intervention With
    Understanding Occupational Potential Across the Life Course Life Stories of Older Women Alison Wicks BAppSc(OT), MHSc(OT), AccOT A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Charles Sturt University Australia April 2003 Table of Contents Page List of Tables and Figures vi Certificate of Authorship vii Acknowledgments viii Ethics Approval xi Abstract xii Chapter 1. Introducing the Study 1 Background to the study 2 Purpose of the study 4 Relevance of the study 5 Context of the study 6 Assumptions and meanings 7 Structure of the thesis and overview 8 Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature 10 Locating the study 10 On human potential 11 On human needs 15 On human capacities 16 On occupational potential 17 Defining occupation 18 The occupational nature of humans 19 Realising occupational potential 20 On being a woman 22 Women’s potential 23 Being an older woman 28 Being an Australian rural woman 32 Being an older Australian rural woman 34 Summary 36 Chapter 3. Research Methodology 37 Purpose of the study and research questions 37 Research approaches 38 Narrative approach 39 Hermeneutic phenomenological approach 41 Theoretical perspectives 43 Occupational perspective 43 Feminist perspective 45 Setting of the study 47 Study sequence and rationale 49 Research processes 50 Ethical clearance 50 Recruitment and sampling 50 i Page Anonymity and confidentiality of the participants 52 Participant support 53 Interviewing and dialogic processes 53 Transcribing 55 Participant checking 56 Analysis of the data 56 Analytical processes 57 Being saturated 57 Sequencing the events 58 Illuminating the themes 58 Interpreting the stories 59 Programs used in analysis 59 Authenticity, trustworthiness and quality assurance 60 Limitations of the study 61 Introduction to the data 62 Data presentation 62 Hearing the voices 62 Organisation of the data 63 Introducing the women 63 Sylvia 64 Maureen 66 Fran 67 Doris 68 Mary 70 Alice 71 Introducing the researcher 73 Summary 74 Chapter 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Everyday Revolutions: Remaking Gender, Sexuality and Culture In
    Everyday Revolutions Remaking Gender, Sexuality and Culture in 1970s Australia Everyday Revolutions Remaking Gender, Sexuality and Culture in 1970s Australia Edited by Michelle Arrow and Angela Woollacott Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760462963 ISBN (online): 9781760462970 WorldCat (print): 1113935722 WorldCat (online): 1113935780 DOI: 10.22459/ER.2019 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2019 ANU Press Contents Contributors . vii 1 . Revolutionising the everyday: The transformative impact of the sexual and feminist movements on Australian society and culture . 1 Michelle Arrow and Angela Woollacott Everyday gender revolutions: Workplaces, schools and households 2 . Of girls and spanners: Feminist politics, women’s bodies and the male trades . 23 Georgine Clarsen 3 . The discovery of sexism in schools: Everyday revolutions in the classroom . 37 Julie McLeod 4 . Making the political personal: Gender and sustainable lifestyles in 1970s Australia . 63 Carroll Pursell Feminism in art and culture 5 . How the personal became (and remains) political in the visual arts . 85 Catriona Moore and Catherine Speck 6 . Subversive stitches: Needlework as activism in Australian feminist art of the 1970s . .. 103 Elizabeth Emery 7 . Women into print: Feminist presses in Australia . 121 Trish Luker 8 . ‘Unmistakably a book by a feminist’: Helen Garner’s Monkey Grip and its feminist contexts .
    [Show full text]
  • April 8-11, 2021
    2021 APRIL 8-11, 2021 Annual Meeting of the American Comparative Literature Association ACLA 2021 | Virtual Meeting TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome to ACLA 2021 and Acknowledgments. ..................................................................................4 ACLA Board Members ..............................................................................................................................6 Conference Schedule in Brief ...................................................................................................................7 General Information ..................................................................................................................................9 Full Descriptions of Special Events and Sessions .................................................................................10 ACLA Code of Conduct ..........................................................................................................................18 Seminars in Detail: Stream A, 8:30 AM - 10:15 AM .......................................................................................................20 Stream B, 10:30 AM - 12:15 PM ......................................................................................................90 Stream C, 2:00 PM - 3:45 PM .........................................................................................................162 Stream D, 4:00 - 5:45 PM ................................................................................................................190 Split Stream
    [Show full text]
  • The History Organisation and Achievements of WEL NSW
    We’ve come a long way but we’re not there yet The History Organisation and Achievements of WEL NSW Women’s Electoral Lobby NSW Inc Copyright © Women’s Electoral Lobby NSW Inc July 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever except in the case of brief quotation embodied in critical articles or reviews. ISBN 0-909358-24-9 Women’s Electoral Lobby NSW Inc. 66 Albion Street Surry Hills NSW 2010 Tel/Fax: 02 9212 4374 Email: [email protected] Website: comcen.com.au/~welnsw Joan Bielski AO The author, Joan Bielski AO, has been a member of WEL NSW since it was founded in 1972. She was active on education and training issues and the nexus between education and employment. She was a Research Officer of the Royal Commission on Human Relationships (1974-1977) and in 1977 she was appointed by the NSW Government to implement its policy of equal opportunity in education and training to counter discrimination against women and girls. On retirement in 1984 she continued to work for WEL. In 1992 she was instrumental in WEL initiating the Women Into Politics coalition of women’s organisations, whose objective is to lobby the political parties to include more women in the executive levels of their organisational structures and to select more women for winnable seats in our parliaments. Joan was awarded the AM in 1988 for services to women and girls’ education and was made an Officer of the Order of Australia, AO, in 2004 for services to women in political life.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Vulnerability: Affect, Relationality, and Resistance in UK Austerity
    The London School of Economics and Political Science The Politics of Vulnerability: Affect, Relationality, and Resistance in UK Austerity Jacqueline Gibbs A thesis submitted to the Department of Gender Studies of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2018. 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,884 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help: I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling, and grammar by Christopher Arden, Jacob Breslow, Iain Campbell, Ian Gibbs, Frances Glavimans, Aura Lehtonen, Sebastian Sporn, and Renee Miller-Yeaman. 2 Abstract The increasing prevalence of vulnerability as a descriptive concept in policy, political and social discourses occurs alongside a renewed, undeniably “vexed” (Murphy 2012:70), interdisciplinary feminist investment in the term as a crucial concept for social justice. This thesis contends that vulnerability must be understood as an affective and malleable concept, and one which performs changing work depending on the sites, subjects, and discourses to which it is attached.
    [Show full text]
  • Historicising the Concept of Gendered Law in Australia
    2. A Radical Prequel: Historicising the Concept of Gendered Law in Australia Ann.Genovese1 Anniversaries are about remembering—about reiterations and critiques, as well as about reflections and celebrations. In this way, an anniversary essay about the Commonwealth Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (SDA) is an invitation to think historically from different purviews of the past. What I would like to consider therefore in response to such an invitation, as a historian of legal ideas, is not a story about the legislative process in making the Act a reality or a story of the contests and challenges to its subsequent legal meanings. Instead, what I would like to offer to this collection is a prequel: a story of how it became possible to use gender as a conceptual frame for thinking about law in Australia—as the SDA exemplifies— and how that history exposes an experience of radical, countercultural feminist praxis that is often hidden by, but constitutive of, the more familiar teleological stories of feminisms, and of law itself. ‘Gender: A Useful Category for Historical Analysis’ In considering how to approach historicising the concept of gendered law in Australia in this way, it is worth reflecting on the fact that it was not until the mid-1980s that gender was theorised, let alone operationalised, as a conceptual category in law, history or other disciplinary traditions. For historians, one of the most influential essays that argued for a theoretical approach to using gender in ways that went beyond descriptive or causal techniques was US historian and theorist Joan Wallach Scott’s ‘Gender: a useful category for historical analysis’ in the American Historical Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Composing Biographies of Four Australian Women: Feminism, Motherhood and Music
    COMPOSING BIOGRAPHIES OF FOUR AUSTRALIAN WOMEN: FEMINISM, MOTHERHOOD AND MUSIC Jillian Graham (BMus, MMus) Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2009 Faculty of Music The University of Melbourne This thesis is dedicated with love to my children and to my mother Olivier and Freya Miller Pamela Graham ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the impact of gender, feminism and motherhood on the careers of four Australian composers: Margaret Sutherland (1897–1984), Ann Carr-Boyd (b. 1938), Elena Kats-Chernin (b. 1957) and Katy Abbott (b. 1971). Aspects of the biographies of each of these women are explored, and I situate their narratives within the cultural and musical contexts of their eras, in order to achieve heightened understanding of the ideologies and external influences that have contributed to their choices and experiences. Methodologies derived from feminist biography and oral history/ethnography underpin this study. Theorists who inform this work include Marcia Citron, Daphne de Marneffe, Sherna Gluck, Carolyn Heilbrun, Anne Manne, Ann Oakley, Alessandro Portelli, Adrienne Rich and Robert Stake, along with many others. The demands traditionally placed on women through motherhood and domesticity have led to a lack of time and creative space being available to develop their careers. Thus they have faced significant challenges in gaining public recognition as serious composers. There is a need for biographical analysis of these women’s lives, in order to consider their experiences and the encumbrances they have faced through attempting to combine their creative and mothering roles. Previous scholarship has concentrated more on their compositions than on the women who created them, and the impact of private lives on public lives has not been considered worthy of consideration.
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses of Tradition in Cathedral Music
    Durham E-Theses Let My Voice Be Heard: Barriers to Gender Diversity and Inclusion in Anglican Cathedral Music DOYLE, ENYA,HELEN,LAUREN How to cite: DOYLE, ENYA,HELEN,LAUREN (2020) Let My Voice Be Heard: Barriers to Gender Diversity and Inclusion in Anglican Cathedral Music, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13806/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Let My Voice Be Heard Barriers to Gender Diversity and Inclusion in Anglican Cathedral Music A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Enya HL Doyle DipLCM AFHEA FRSA Department of Music Durham University 2020 Abstract Since girl choristers were first included as permanent members of Salisbury Cathedral Choir in 1991, all-male choirs in Church of England cathedrals have undergone substantial transformation. Thirty-nine of the forty-two such cathedrals now offer musical provision in some form to girls, as well as continuing their commitment to boys.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Liberation 1
    Welcome to the electronic edition of Dangerous Ideas: Women’s Liberation — Women’s Studies — Around the World. The book opens with the bookmark panel and you will see the contents page. Click on this anytime to return to the contents. You can also add your own bookmarks. Each chapter heading in the contents table is clickable and will take you direct to the chapter. Return using the contents link in the bookmarks. The whole document is fully searchable. Enjoy. Susan Magarey Susan Magarey has degrees from the University of Adelaide and the Australian National University. At ANU she was Lecturer-in- charge of the Women's Studies Program 1978-1983. At Adelaide University, where she is now Professor Emerita, she founded the Research Centre for Women's Studies 1983-2000 and the journal, Australian Feminist Studies 1985- . In 2006, she was made a member of the Order of Australia for her work in establishing Women's Studies as a field of intellectual endeavour. Susan Magarey, 2013 Photograph courtesy of Susan Magarey Other books by this author: Unbridling the tongues of women: a biography of Catherine Helen Spence, 1985, revised 2010 Roma the First: A Biography of Dame Roma Mitchell, 2007, revised imprint 2009, with Kerrie Round Looking Back: looking forward. A century of the Queen Adelaide Club 1909-2009, 2009 Passions of the first wave feminists, 2001 Contents Acknowledgements vii Preface ix Part I — Women's Liberation 1 1 The sexual revolution as big flop: Women's Liberation Lesson One 15 2 Sisterhood and Women's Liberation in Australia 25
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Revolutionising the Everyday: the Transformative Impact of the Sexual and Feminist Movements on Australian Society and Cultur
    CHAPTER 1 Revolutionising the everyday: The transformative impact of the sexual and feminist movements on Australian society and culture Michelle Arrow and Angela Woollacott I don’t know if you’ve seen photographs of it, from that time, and everyone from Margaret Whitlam on through, all the women of that time, there’s a look on the face. That wide-eyed sort of bright and hopeful look, and it was that feeling, you know. There was a feeling of incredible anger, of course, when you’re understanding all the ways … in which women are oppressed. But at the same time, this sense of joy and power coming from this working together and working it out and the scales being taken from the eyes. Sue Jackson, interview with Ruth Ford, 19971 From our contemporary vantage point, it’s the sense of excitement and possibility embodied by the 1970s women’s and gay liberation movements that is most striking. Activists in these liberation movements weren’t just campaigning for equal pay or decriminalisation of homosexuality— though both of these campaigns were essential to achieving equal rights for women and gay men. Many of these activists wanted to remake their world, to transform society. Fundamental to this was a new understanding 1 Sue Jackson, interview with Ruth Ford, 3 November 1997, p. 4, cited in Susan Magarey, ‘1970: When It Changed: The Beginnings of Women’s Liberation in Australia’, in Turning Points in Australian History, ed. Martin Crotty and David Andrew Roberts (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009), 185. 1 EVERYDAY REVOLUTIONS of the divide between the public and the private spheres, and a new understanding of politics that took the inequalities and oppressions of the private sphere and everyday life seriously.
    [Show full text]