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Copyright © 2016 Adam Garland Winters All Rights Reserved. The Copyright © 2016 Adam Garland Winters All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. T. T. EATON AND THE POLITICIZATION OF BAPTIST ECCLESIOLOGY __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by Adam Garland Winters December 2016 APPROVAL SHEET T. T. EATON AND THE POLITICIZATION OF BAPTIST ECCLESIOLOGY Adam Garland Winters Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Thomas J. Nettles (Chair) __________________________________________ Gregory A. Wills __________________________________________ Hershael W. York Date______________________________ For my family, my Alma Maters, the Baptist churches which I have known, and the James P. Boyce Centennial Library TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................1 Thesis ..................................................................................................................1 Background .........................................................................................................2 Methodology .......................................................................................................3 Scope and Limitations .........................................................................................6 2. EATON AND TENNESSEE BAPTISTS ..............................................................7 Baptist Upbringings ............................................................................................7 Tennessee Roots: The Landmark Baptist Circle .................................................8 Eaton's Road to Ministry ...................................................................................17 The Chattanooga Pastorate and the Unification of Tennessee Baptists ............19 Conclusion ........................................................................................................28 3. WITNESS IN VIRGINIA ....................................................................................30 Ministry in Petersburg .......................................................................................30 Pastoral Leadership .................................................................................. 30 Vision for Denominational Cooperation ................................................. 35 Disseminating in Defense of the Faith ..................................................... 43 J. B. Jeter and the Religious Herald ......................................................... 46 iv Chapter Page Newspaper Controversies..................................................................................49 Landmarkism and the "Pike" Controversy .............................................. 49 The "E. T. R." Sensation and the Crawford Toy Controversy ................ 53 Road to Kentucky .................................................................................... 61 Conclusion ........................................................................................................64 4. EATON AND LOUISVILLE BAPTISTS: THE FIRST DECADE ....................65 The Walnut Street Baptist Church ....................................................................65 Denominational Work .......................................................................................68 The Missions Surge of the Long Run Baptist Association ...............................70 The Leading Voice of the Long Run Association .............................................79 Conclusion ........................................................................................................81 5. THE PRINTED WORD AND DENOMINATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS ......83 The Power of the Printed Word ........................................................................83 Eaton Gains a Newspaper ........................................................................ 83 Vision for a Denominational Paper ......................................................... 88 Informing the Readership ........................................................................ 91 Birth of a Controversialist ....................................................................... 96 Enter "Senex" ......................................................................................... 101 Eaton and the Denominational Consciousness ...............................................105 Denominational Influence ..................................................................... 106 Awakening of the Denominational Consciousness ............................... 114 Pathway to the Fortress Monroe Agreement ......................................... 119 Conclusion ......................................................................................................131 v Chapter Page 6. EATON AND THE WHITSITT CONTROVERSY ..........................................134 Eaton and Whitsitt ...........................................................................................134 Whitsitt's Discovery ............................................................................... 134 Eaton, Whitsitt, and the Ties that Bound Them ..................................... 140 Breaking Ties: The Baptist Young People's Union Controversy .......... 144 The Fractured Friendship ....................................................................... 150 The Whitsitt Controversy ................................................................................152 Josephine Eaton Peck and the Western Recorder .................................. 153 The Return of Eaton ............................................................................... 159 The First Parliamentary Contest ............................................................ 162 Whitsitt and Eaton Double-Down ......................................................... 171 Walnut Street: The Second Parliamentary Contest ............................... 178 The Controversy Turns Personal ........................................................... 185 Baptists against the Seminary ................................................................ 192 Vindication and Resignation.................................................................. 198 Conclusion ......................................................................................................201 7. EATON THE LOST LEADER ..........................................................................203 The Lingering Controversy .............................................................................203 The Seminary Watchman ................................................................................208 The Fallen Warrior ..........................................................................................211 Conclusion ......................................................................................................215 8. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................217 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 220 vi PREFACE I am greatly indebted to the patience and encouragement of Dr. Thomas J. Nettles, my faculty supervisor. This dissertation would not have been completed without the gracious support of Dr. C. Berry Driver, Seminary Librarian. When I set aside some time to work upon my dissertation, Chris J. Fenner, John T. Lowe, and Megan O’Neal dutifully attended to daily responsibilities in the Archives and Special Collections office. RuthAnne Irvin assisted me with bibliographic arrangement. A special thanks to Jason C. Fowler for encouraging me to write upon this subject. I received assistance on Eaton family genealogy from Maria Grigorieff, great-granddaughter of T. T. Eaton and member of the Eaton Families Association, which circulates The “New” Eatonian newsletter. The labor of present and past staff of the James P. Boyce Centennial Library has sown fertile soil for scholarship in service of the Kingdom of God. Adam Garland Winters Louisville, Kentucky December 2016 vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Thesis This thesis demonstrates the denominational influence of Thomas Treadwell Eaton in the Southern Baptist Convention and his proficiency to leverage that influence through effecting political change in the relationship between Southern Baptist churches and the denomination. The term “politicization” is employed as a neutral term, and it is not intended to connote positive or negative judgments. Rather, this dissertation demonstrates that Eaton used the channels of influence that he possessed to bring about identifiable changes in the direction of the Southern Baptist church networks to which he belonged in Tennessee, Virginia, Kentucky, and also at the Southern Baptist Convention’s national level. The organizational structure and missionary scope of the Southern Baptist Convention was largely nonexistent in 1845—the year of Eaton’s birth—as the newly formed denomination struggled with its identity after breaking away from their Northern
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