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Tracing the Origin of Blue and White Chinese Porcelain Ordered for the Portuguese Market During the Ming Dynasty Using INAA
Journal of Archaeological Science 40 (2013) 3046e3057 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Tracing the origin of blue and white Chinese Porcelain ordered for the Portuguese market during the Ming dynasty using INAA M. Isabel Dias a,*, M. Isabel Prudêncio a, M.A. Pinto De Matos b, A. Luisa Rodrigues a a Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear/Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, EN 10 (Km 139,7), 2686-953 Sacavém, Portugal b Museu Nacional do Azulejo, Rua da Madre de Deus no 4, 1900-312 Lisboa, Portugal article info abstract Article history: The existing documentary history of Chinese porcelain ordered for the Portuguese market (mainly Ming Received 21 March 2012 dynasty.) is reasonably advanced; nevertheless detailed laboratory analyses able to reveal new aspects Received in revised form like the number and/or diversity of producing centers involved in the trade with Portugal are lacking. 26 February 2013 In this work, the chemical characterization of porcelain fragments collected during recent archaeo- Accepted 3 March 2013 logical excavations from Portugal (Lisbon and Coimbra) was done for provenance issues: identification/ differentiation of Chinese porcelain kilns used. Chemical analysis was performed by instrumental Keywords: neutron activation analysis (INAA) using the Portuguese Research Reactor. Core samples were taken from Ancient Chinese porcelain for Portuguese market the ceramic body avoiding contamination form the surface layers constituents. The results obtained so INAA far point to: (1) the existence of three main chemical-based clusters; and (2) a general attribution of the Chemical composition porcelains studied to southern China kilns; (3) a few samples are specifically attributed to Jingdezhen Ming dynasty and Zhangzhou kiln sites. -
'A Mind to Copy': Inspired by Meissen
‘A Mind to Copy’: Inspired by Meissen Anton Gabszewicz Independent Ceramic Historian, London Figure 1. Sir Charles Hanbury Williams by John Giles Eccardt. 1746 (National Portrait Gallery, London.) 20 he association between Nicholas Sprimont, part owner of the Chelsea Porcelain Manufactory, Sir Everard Fawkener, private sec- retary to William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, the second son of King George II, and Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, diplomat and Tsometime British Envoy to the Saxon Court at Dresden was one that had far-reaching effects on the development and history of the ceramic industry in England. The well-known and oft cited letter of 9th June 1751 from Han- bury Williams (fig. 1) to his friend Henry Fox at Holland House, Kensington, where his china was stored, sets the scene. Fawkener had asked Hanbury Williams ‘…to send over models for different Pieces from hence, in order to furnish the Undertakers with good designs... But I thought it better and cheaper for the manufacturers to give them leave to take away any of my china from Holland House, and to copy what they like.’ Thus allowing Fawkener ‘… and anybody He brings with him, to see my China & to take away such pieces as they have a mind to Copy.’ The result of this exchange of correspondence and Hanbury Williams’ generous offer led to an almost instant influx of Meissen designs at Chelsea, a tremendous impetus to the nascent porcelain industry that was to influ- ence the course of events across the industry in England. Just in taking a ca- sual look through the products of most English porcelain factories during Figure 2. -
Asian Art at Christie's Fine Chinese Ceramics & Works Of
PRESS RELEASE | L O N D O N FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | 24 O C T O B E R 2 0 1 8 Asian Art at Christie’s Fine Chinese Ceramics & Works of Art Including The Soame Jenyns Collection of Japanese and Chinese Art London, November 2018 London – On 6 November 2018, Christie’s Fine Chinese Ceramics & Works of Art auction will present an array of rare works of exceptional quality and with important provenance, many offered to the market for the first time in decades. The season will be highlighted by exquisite imperial ceramics, fine jade carvings, Buddhist art, huanghuali furniture, paintings from celebrated modern Chinese artists, along with works of art from a number of important collections, including The Soame Jenyns Collection of Japanese and Chinese Art. The works will be on view and open to the public from 2 to 5 November. The auction will be led by a moonflask, Bianhu, Yongzheng six-character seal mark in underglaze blue and of the period (1725-1735) (estimate on request). This magnificent flask is exceptionally large, and takes both its A Rare Large Ming-Style Blue and form and decoration from vessels made in the early 15th century. The White Moonflask, Bianhu, Yongzheng six-character seal mark Yongzheng Emperor was a keen antiquarian and a significant number of in underglaze blue and of the objects produced for his court were made in the antique style, particularly period (1725-1735) blue and white porcelain, and so their style was often adopted for imperial Estimate on request Yongzheng wares in the 18th century. -
Chinese Ceramics in the Late Tang Dynasty
44 Chinese Ceramics in the Late Tang Dynasty Regina Krahl The first half of the Tang dynasty (618–907) was a most prosperous period for the Chinese empire. The capital Chang’an (modern Xi’an) in Shaanxi province was a magnet for international traders, who brought goods from all over Asia; the court and the country’s aristocracy were enjoying a life of luxury. The streets of Chang’an were crowded with foreigners from distant places—Central Asian, Near Eastern, and African—and with camel caravans laden with exotic produce. Courtiers played polo on thoroughbred horses, went on hunts with falconers and elegant hounds, and congregated over wine while being entertained by foreign orchestras and dancers, both male and female. Court ladies in robes of silk brocade, with jewelry and fancy shoes, spent their time playing board games on dainty tables and talking to pet parrots, their faces made up and their hair dressed into elaborate coiffures. This is the picture of Tang court life portrayed in colorful tomb pottery, created at great expense for lavish burials. By the seventh century the manufacture of sophisticated pottery replicas of men, beasts, and utensils had become a huge industry and the most important use of ceramic material in China (apart from tilework). Such earthenware pottery, relatively easy and cheap to produce since the necessary raw materials were widely available and firing temperatures relatively low (around 1,000 degrees C), was unfit for everyday use; its cold- painted pigments were unstable and its lead-bearing glazes poisonous. Yet it was perfect for creating a dazzling display at funeral ceremonies (fig. -
1 the Willow Pattern
The East India Company at Home, 1757-1857 – UCL History The Willow Pattern: Dunham Massey By Francesca D’Antonio Please note that this case study was first published on blogs.ucl.ac.uk/eicah in June 2014. For citation advice, visit: http://blogs.uc.ac.uk/eicah/usingthewebsite. Unlike other ‘objects studies’ featured in the East India Company At Home 1757-1857 project, this case study will focus on a specific ceramic ware pattern rather than a particular item associated with the East India Company (EIC). With particular attention to the contents of Dunham Massey, Greater Manchester, I focus here on the Willow Pattern, a type of blue and white ‘Chinese style’ design, which was created in 1790 at the Caughley Factory in Shropshire. The large-scale production of ceramic wares featuring the same design became possible only in the late eighteenth century after John Sadler and Guy Green patented their method of transfer printing for commercial use in 1756. Willow Pattern wares became increasingly popular in the early nineteenth century, allowing large groups of people access to this design. Despite imitating Chinese wares so that they recalled Chinese hard-stone porcelain body and cobalt blue decorations, these wares remained distinct from them, often attracting lower values and esteem. Although unfashionable now, they should not be merely dismissed as poor imitations by contemporary scholars, but rather need to be recognized for their complexities. To explore and reveal the contradictions and intricacies held within Willow Pattern wares, this case study asks two simple questions. First, what did Willow Pattern wares mean in nineteenth-century Britain? Second, did EIC families—who, as a group, enjoyed privileged access to Chinese porcelain—engage with these imitative wares and if so, how, why and what might their interactions reveal about the household objects? As other scholars have shown, EIC officials’ cultural understandings of China often developed from engagements with the materials they imported, as well as discussions of and visits to China. -
China: Qing Dynasty Porcelain and Global Exchange Pre-Visit
China: Qing Dynasty Porcelain and Global Exchange Pre-Visit Share this background information with students before your Distance Learning session. Grade Level: Grades 9-12 Collection: East Asian Art Culture/Region: China, East Asia Subject Area: History and Social Science Activity Type: Distance Learning WHY LOOK AT PLATES AND VASES? When visiting a relative or a fancy restaurant, perhaps you have dined on “fine china.” While today we appreciate porcelain dinnerware for the refinement it can add to an occasion, this conception is founded on centuries of exchange between Asian and Western markets. Chinese porcelain production has a long history of experimentation, innovation, and inspiration resulting in remarkably beautiful examples of form and imagery. At the VMFA, you will examine objects from a small portion of this history — the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty — to expand your understanding of global exchange in this era. Because they were made for trade outside of China, these objects are categorized as export porcelain by collectors and art historians. Review the background information below, and think of a few answers you want to look for when you visit VMFA. QING DYNASTY Emperors, Arts, and Trade Around the end of the 16th century, a Jurchin leader named Nurhaci (1559–1626) brought together various nomadic groups who became known as the Manchus. His forces quickly conquered the area of present-day Manchuria, and his heirs set their sights on China. In 1636 the Manchus chose the new name of Qing, meaning “pure,” to emphasize their intention to purify China by seizing power from the Ming dynasty. -
Page 1 578 a Japanese Porcelain Polychrome Kendi, Kutani, 17Th C
Ordre Designation Estimation Estimation basse haute 551 A Chinese mythological bronze group, 19/20th C. H: 28 cm 250 350 552 A Chinese bronze elongated bottle-shaped vase, Ming Dynasty H.: 31 600 1200 cm 553 A partial gilt seated bronze buddha, Yongzheng mark, 19th C. or earlier 800 1200 H: 39 cm L: 40 cm Condition: good. The gold paint somewhat worn. 554 A Chinese bronze jardiniere on wooden stand, 19/20th C. H.: 32 cm 300 600 555 A Chinese figural bronze incense burner, 17/18th C. H.: 29 cm 1000 1500 556 A Chinese bronze and cloisonne figure of an immortal, 18/19th C. H.: 31 300 600 cm 557 A Chinese bronze figure of an emperor on a throne, 18/19th C. H.: 30 cm 800 1200 Condition: missing a foot on the right bottom side. 558 A bronze figure of Samanthabadra, inlaid with semi-precious stones, 4000 8000 Ming Dynasty H: 28 cm 559 A Chinese gilt bronze seated buddha and a bronze Tara, 18/19th C. H.: 600 1200 14 cm (the tallest) 560 A Chinese bronze tripod incense burner with trigrams, 18/19th C. H.: 350 700 22,3 cm 561 A tall pair of Chinese bronze “Luduan� figures, 18/19th C. H.: 29 1200 1800 cm 562 A tall gilt bronze head of a Boddhisatva with semi-precious stones, Tibet, 1000 1500 17/18th C. H.: 33 cm 563 A dark bronze animal subject group, China, Ming Dynasty, 15-16th C. H.: 1500 2500 25,5 cm 564 A Chinese dragon censer in champlevé enameled bronze, 18/19th C. -
Volume 18 (2011), Article 3
Volume 18 (2011), Article 3 http://chinajapan.org/articles/18/3 Lim, Tai Wei “Re-centering Trade Periphery through Fired Clay: A Historiography of the Global Mapping of Japanese Trade Ceramics in the Premodern Global Trading Space” Sino-Japanese Studies 18 (2011), article 3. Abstract: A center-periphery system is one that is not static, but is constantly changing. It changes by virtue of technological developments, design innovations, shifting centers of economics and trade, developmental trajectories, and the historical sensitivities of cultural areas involved. To provide an empirical case study, this paper examines the material culture of Arita/Imari 有田/伊万里 trade ceramics in an effort to understand the dynamics of Japan’s regional and global position in the transition from periphery to the core of a global trading system. Sino-Japanese Studies http://chinajapan.org/articles/18/3 Re-centering Trade Periphery through Fired Clay: A Historiography of the Global Mapping of Japanese Trade Ceramics in the 1 Premodern Global Trading Space Lim Tai Wei 林大偉 Chinese University of Hong Kong Introduction Premodern global trade was first dominated by overland routes popularly characterized by the Silk Road, and its participants were mainly located in the vast Eurasian space of this global trading area. While there are many definitions of the Eurasian trading space that included the so-called Silk Road, some of the broadest definitions include the furthest ends of the premodern trading world. For example, Konuralp Ercilasun includes Japan in the broadest definition of the silk route at the farthest East Asian end.2 There are also differing interpretations of the term “Silk Road,” but most interpretations include both the overland as well as the maritime silk route. -
European Cobalt Sources Identified in the Production of Chinese Famille Rose Porcelain Abstract Keywords
European cobalt sources identified in the production of Chinese famille rose porcelain Rita Giannini1, Ian C. Freestone2, Andrew J. Shortland1 1 Cranfield Forensic Institute Cranfield University Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Shrivenham Wilts SN6 8LA [email protected] 2 Institute of Archaeology UCL 31-34 Gordon Square London WC1H 0PY Abstract The blue pigments on 112 fragments or small objects of Qing Dynasty Chinese, 95 of underglaze blue and white and 17 overglaze enamelled porcelains were analysed by LA-ICPMS. The underglaze blues on both blue and white and polychrome objects were created with a cobalt pigment that was rich in manganese with lesser nickel and zinc. This suite of accessory elements is generally considered to be characteristic of local, Chinese, sources of pigments. However, the blue enamels were very different. The cobalt pigment here has low levels of manganese and instead is rich in nickel, zinc, arsenic and bismuth. No Chinese source of cobalt with these characteristics is known, but they closely match the elements found in the contemporary cobalt source at Erzgebirge in Germany. Textual evidence has been interpreted to suggest that some enamel pigment technologies were transferred from Europe to China, but this is the first analytical evidence to be found that an enamel pigment itself was imported. It is possible that this pigment was imported in the form of cobalt coloured glass, or smalt, which might account for its use in enamels, but not in an underglaze, where the colour might be susceptible to running. Furthermore, the European cobalt would have given a purer shade of blue than the manganese-rich Chinese cobalt. -
The Concept of the Five Famous Wares of the Song Dynasty —A Modern Invention
The Concept of the Five Famous Wares of the Song Dynasty —A Modern Invention Sabrina Rastelli Department of Asian and North African Studies, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy Abstract The concept of the five famous wares of the Song dynasty is a fundamental theory that has influenced both researching and learning about Chinese ceramics. Archaeological excavations carried out since the 1950s and particularly during the past two decades have provided modern scholars with many and precious pieces of information that have deeply changed our understanding of the history of Chinese ceramics. They have also undermined the concept itself, but when discussing Ding, Ru, Jun, Guan or Ge experts seldom resist the temptation to remind that it is one of the five famous wares. The aim of this paper is to trace back when and how this definition was coined, by combing through Chinese sources. Key words five famous wares China ceramics ceramic literature Song The concept of the five famous wares of the Song dynasty (Songdai Wuda Mingyao 宋代五大名窑 ) is a fundamental theory that has influenced both researching and learning about Chinese ceramics. At the end of the 1980s, Song wares were classified as either official or popular. The first category was constituted by the so-called five famous wares of the Song dynasty, namely Ding(定), Ru(汝), Jun(钧), Guan(官)and Ge(哥). Ten years later, while researching for my PhD thesis, I began to doubt the exactness of this theory, but I explored the problem only from the perspective of the Yaozhou ( 耀州 ) kilns (Rastelli, 2008). -
01-32 Errol Manner Pages
E & H MANNERS E & H MANNERS A Selection from THE NIGEL MORGAN COLLECTION OF ENGLISH PORCELAIN THE NIGEL MORGAN COLLECTION THE NIGEL MORGAN E & H MANNERS E & H MANNERS A Selection from THE NIGEL MORGAN COLLECTION of ENGLISH PORCELAIN incorporating The collection of Eric J. Morgan and Dr F. Marian Morgan To be exhibited at THE INTERNATIONAL CERAMICS FAIR AND SEMINAR 11th to the 14th of JUNE 2009 Catalogue by Anton Gabszewicz and Errol Manners 66C Kensington Church Street London W8 4BY [email protected] www.europeanporcelain.com 020 7229 5516 NIGEL MORGAN O.A.M. 1938 – 2008 My husband’s parents Eric J. Morgan and Dr Marian Morgan of Melbourne, Australia, were shipwrecked off the southernmost tip of New Zealand in 1929 losing everything when their boat foundered (except, by family legend, a pair of corsets and an elaborate hat). On the overland journey to catch another boat home they came across an antique shop, with an unusual stock of porcelain. That day they bought their first piece of Chelsea. They began collecting Oriental bronzes and jades in the 1930s – the heady days of the sale of the dispersal of the Eumorfopoulos Collections at Bluett & Sons. On moving to England in the 1950s and joining the English Ceramic Circle in 1951, their collecting of English porcelain gathered pace. Nigel, my husband, as the child of older parents, was taken around museums and galleries and began a life-long love of ceramics. As a small boy he met dealers such as Winifred Williams, whose son Bob was, in turn, a great mentor to us. -
ESKENAZI CELEBRATES CHINESE CERAMICS of the SONG DYNASTY (960 to 1279 AD)
ESKENAZI CELEBRATES CHINESE CERAMICS OF THE SONG DYNASTY (960 to 1279 AD) Principal wares of the Song period from a private collection 8 to 29 May 2015, London Eskenazi will present an exhibition of 30 important ceramics of the Song Dynasty from 8 to 29 May 2015 in London. The ceramics are from a highly distinguished private collection and represent almost all the principal wares of the period, widely recognised as a highpoint for ceramic art. The Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) was a golden age in China. Great prosperity led to huge social and economic changes, and intellectual and technological advances that shaped Chinese culture and politics for centuries to follow. It was during this time that China introduced the first printed banknotes and the use of gunpowder. The ceramics of the period reached a peak with advances in design, decoration, glaze and firing techniques. Song ceramics were revered and copied as early as the 15th century within China and have continued to influence design worldwide into the 21st century, not least the Studio and Art Pottery movements in the West, of the 19th and 20th centuries. Ostensibly simple tea-bowls with plain forms and glazes have been treasured in Japan for hundreds of years as Important Cultural Art Objects. The exhibition in May will offer a fascinating insight into the history of the enduring international popularity of these Chinese wares, with examples previously owned by many of the most celebrated western collectors of the 20th century, including Lord Cunliffe, Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Clark, Johannes Hellner and Alfred Schoenlicht.