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'A Mind to Copy': Inspired by Meissen
‘A Mind to Copy’: Inspired by Meissen Anton Gabszewicz Independent Ceramic Historian, London Figure 1. Sir Charles Hanbury Williams by John Giles Eccardt. 1746 (National Portrait Gallery, London.) 20 he association between Nicholas Sprimont, part owner of the Chelsea Porcelain Manufactory, Sir Everard Fawkener, private sec- retary to William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, the second son of King George II, and Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, diplomat and Tsometime British Envoy to the Saxon Court at Dresden was one that had far-reaching effects on the development and history of the ceramic industry in England. The well-known and oft cited letter of 9th June 1751 from Han- bury Williams (fig. 1) to his friend Henry Fox at Holland House, Kensington, where his china was stored, sets the scene. Fawkener had asked Hanbury Williams ‘…to send over models for different Pieces from hence, in order to furnish the Undertakers with good designs... But I thought it better and cheaper for the manufacturers to give them leave to take away any of my china from Holland House, and to copy what they like.’ Thus allowing Fawkener ‘… and anybody He brings with him, to see my China & to take away such pieces as they have a mind to Copy.’ The result of this exchange of correspondence and Hanbury Williams’ generous offer led to an almost instant influx of Meissen designs at Chelsea, a tremendous impetus to the nascent porcelain industry that was to influ- ence the course of events across the industry in England. Just in taking a ca- sual look through the products of most English porcelain factories during Figure 2. -
Views of a Porcelain 15
THE INFLUENCE OF GLASS TECHNOLOGY vessels nor to ceramic figurines, but to beads made in imitation of imported glass.10 The original models were ON CHINESE CERAMICS eye-beads of a style produced at numerous sites around the Mediterranean, in Central Asia and also in southern Russia, and current in the Near East since about 1500 Nigel Wood BC.11 A few polychrome glass beads found their way to Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford. China in the later Bronze Age, including one example excavated from a Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC) site in Henan province.12 This particular blue and ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT AND ENDURING DIFFER- white eye bead was of a style current in the eastern ences between the ceramics of China and the Near East Mediterranean in the 6th to 3rd century BC and proved lies in the role that glass has played in the establishment to have been coloured by such sophisticated, but of their respective ceramic traditions. In the ceramics of typically Near Eastern, chromophores as calcium- Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt, and Syria glass technology antimonate-white, cobalt-blue and a copper-turquoise, proved vital for the development of glazed ceramics. while its glass was of the soda-lime type, common in 13 Figure 2. Earthenware jar with weathered glazes. Warring States Following the appearance of glazed stone-based the ancient world. period. Probably 3rd century BC (height: 9.5 cm). The British ceramics in the fourth millennium BC, the first glazes These ‘western’ beads would have been wonders in Museum. -
China: Qing Dynasty Porcelain and Global Exchange Pre-Visit
China: Qing Dynasty Porcelain and Global Exchange Pre-Visit Share this background information with students before your Distance Learning session. Grade Level: Grades 9-12 Collection: East Asian Art Culture/Region: China, East Asia Subject Area: History and Social Science Activity Type: Distance Learning WHY LOOK AT PLATES AND VASES? When visiting a relative or a fancy restaurant, perhaps you have dined on “fine china.” While today we appreciate porcelain dinnerware for the refinement it can add to an occasion, this conception is founded on centuries of exchange between Asian and Western markets. Chinese porcelain production has a long history of experimentation, innovation, and inspiration resulting in remarkably beautiful examples of form and imagery. At the VMFA, you will examine objects from a small portion of this history — the 18th century during the Qing Dynasty — to expand your understanding of global exchange in this era. Because they were made for trade outside of China, these objects are categorized as export porcelain by collectors and art historians. Review the background information below, and think of a few answers you want to look for when you visit VMFA. QING DYNASTY Emperors, Arts, and Trade Around the end of the 16th century, a Jurchin leader named Nurhaci (1559–1626) brought together various nomadic groups who became known as the Manchus. His forces quickly conquered the area of present-day Manchuria, and his heirs set their sights on China. In 1636 the Manchus chose the new name of Qing, meaning “pure,” to emphasize their intention to purify China by seizing power from the Ming dynasty. -
Page 1 578 a Japanese Porcelain Polychrome Kendi, Kutani, 17Th C
Ordre Designation Estimation Estimation basse haute 551 A Chinese mythological bronze group, 19/20th C. H: 28 cm 250 350 552 A Chinese bronze elongated bottle-shaped vase, Ming Dynasty H.: 31 600 1200 cm 553 A partial gilt seated bronze buddha, Yongzheng mark, 19th C. or earlier 800 1200 H: 39 cm L: 40 cm Condition: good. The gold paint somewhat worn. 554 A Chinese bronze jardiniere on wooden stand, 19/20th C. H.: 32 cm 300 600 555 A Chinese figural bronze incense burner, 17/18th C. H.: 29 cm 1000 1500 556 A Chinese bronze and cloisonne figure of an immortal, 18/19th C. H.: 31 300 600 cm 557 A Chinese bronze figure of an emperor on a throne, 18/19th C. H.: 30 cm 800 1200 Condition: missing a foot on the right bottom side. 558 A bronze figure of Samanthabadra, inlaid with semi-precious stones, 4000 8000 Ming Dynasty H: 28 cm 559 A Chinese gilt bronze seated buddha and a bronze Tara, 18/19th C. H.: 600 1200 14 cm (the tallest) 560 A Chinese bronze tripod incense burner with trigrams, 18/19th C. H.: 350 700 22,3 cm 561 A tall pair of Chinese bronze “Luduan� figures, 18/19th C. H.: 29 1200 1800 cm 562 A tall gilt bronze head of a Boddhisatva with semi-precious stones, Tibet, 1000 1500 17/18th C. H.: 33 cm 563 A dark bronze animal subject group, China, Ming Dynasty, 15-16th C. H.: 1500 2500 25,5 cm 564 A Chinese dragon censer in champlevé enameled bronze, 18/19th C. -
Volume 18 (2011), Article 3
Volume 18 (2011), Article 3 http://chinajapan.org/articles/18/3 Lim, Tai Wei “Re-centering Trade Periphery through Fired Clay: A Historiography of the Global Mapping of Japanese Trade Ceramics in the Premodern Global Trading Space” Sino-Japanese Studies 18 (2011), article 3. Abstract: A center-periphery system is one that is not static, but is constantly changing. It changes by virtue of technological developments, design innovations, shifting centers of economics and trade, developmental trajectories, and the historical sensitivities of cultural areas involved. To provide an empirical case study, this paper examines the material culture of Arita/Imari 有田/伊万里 trade ceramics in an effort to understand the dynamics of Japan’s regional and global position in the transition from periphery to the core of a global trading system. Sino-Japanese Studies http://chinajapan.org/articles/18/3 Re-centering Trade Periphery through Fired Clay: A Historiography of the Global Mapping of Japanese Trade Ceramics in the 1 Premodern Global Trading Space Lim Tai Wei 林大偉 Chinese University of Hong Kong Introduction Premodern global trade was first dominated by overland routes popularly characterized by the Silk Road, and its participants were mainly located in the vast Eurasian space of this global trading area. While there are many definitions of the Eurasian trading space that included the so-called Silk Road, some of the broadest definitions include the furthest ends of the premodern trading world. For example, Konuralp Ercilasun includes Japan in the broadest definition of the silk route at the farthest East Asian end.2 There are also differing interpretations of the term “Silk Road,” but most interpretations include both the overland as well as the maritime silk route. -
European Cobalt Sources Identified in the Production of Chinese Famille Rose Porcelain Abstract Keywords
European cobalt sources identified in the production of Chinese famille rose porcelain Rita Giannini1, Ian C. Freestone2, Andrew J. Shortland1 1 Cranfield Forensic Institute Cranfield University Defence Academy of the United Kingdom Shrivenham Wilts SN6 8LA [email protected] 2 Institute of Archaeology UCL 31-34 Gordon Square London WC1H 0PY Abstract The blue pigments on 112 fragments or small objects of Qing Dynasty Chinese, 95 of underglaze blue and white and 17 overglaze enamelled porcelains were analysed by LA-ICPMS. The underglaze blues on both blue and white and polychrome objects were created with a cobalt pigment that was rich in manganese with lesser nickel and zinc. This suite of accessory elements is generally considered to be characteristic of local, Chinese, sources of pigments. However, the blue enamels were very different. The cobalt pigment here has low levels of manganese and instead is rich in nickel, zinc, arsenic and bismuth. No Chinese source of cobalt with these characteristics is known, but they closely match the elements found in the contemporary cobalt source at Erzgebirge in Germany. Textual evidence has been interpreted to suggest that some enamel pigment technologies were transferred from Europe to China, but this is the first analytical evidence to be found that an enamel pigment itself was imported. It is possible that this pigment was imported in the form of cobalt coloured glass, or smalt, which might account for its use in enamels, but not in an underglaze, where the colour might be susceptible to running. Furthermore, the European cobalt would have given a purer shade of blue than the manganese-rich Chinese cobalt. -
Antique Pair Japanese Meiiji Imari Porcelain Vases C1880
anticSwiss 29/09/2021 17:25:52 http://www.anticswiss.com Antique Pair Japanese Meiiji Imari Porcelain Vases C1880 FOR SALE ANTIQUE DEALER Period: 19° secolo - 1800 Regent Antiques London Style: Altri stili +44 2088099605 447836294074 Height:61cm Width:26cm Depth:26cm Price:2250€ DETAILED DESCRIPTION: A monumental pair of Japanese Meiji period Imari porcelain vases, dating from the late 19th Century. Each vase features a bulbous shape with the traditional scalloped rim, over the body decorated with reserve panels depicting court garden scenes and smaller shaped panels with views of Mount Fuji on chrysanthemums and peonies background adorned with phoenixes. Each signed to the base with a three-character mark and on the top of each large panel with a two-character mark. Instill a certain elegance to a special place in your home with these fabulous vases. Condition: In excellent condition, with no chips, cracks or damage, please see photos for confirmation. Dimensions in cm: Height 61 x Width 26 x Depth 26 Dimensions in inches: Height 24.0 x Width 10.2 x Depth 10.2 Imari ware Imari ware is a Western term for a brightly-coloured style of Arita ware Japanese export porcelain made in the area of Arita, in the former Hizen Province, northwestern Ky?sh?. They were exported to Europe in large quantities, especially between the second half of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. 1 / 4 anticSwiss 29/09/2021 17:25:52 http://www.anticswiss.com Typically Imari ware is decorated in underglaze blue, with red, gold, black for outlines, and sometimes other colours, added in overglaze. -
Fourteenth-Century Blue-And-White : a Group of Chinese Porcelains in the Topkapu Sarayi Müzesi, Istanbul
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION! FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL PAPERS VOLUME TWO NUMBER ONE FOURTEENTH-CENTURY BLUE-AND-WHITE A GROUP OF CHINESE PORCELAINS IN THE TOPKAPU SARAYI MUZESI, ISTANBUL By JOHN ALEXANDER POPE WASHINGTON 1952 FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL PAPERS The Freer Gallery of Art Occasional Papers, published from time to time, present material pertaining to the cultures represented in the Freer Collection, prepared by members of the Gallery staff. Articles dealing with objects in the Freer Collection and involving original research in Near Eastern or Far Eastern language sources by scholars not associated with the Gallery may be considered for publication. The Freer Gallery of Art Occasional Papers are not sold by subscrip- tion. The price of each number is determined with reference to the cost of publication. = SMITHSONI AN INSTITUTIONS FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL PAPERS VOLUME TWO NUMBER ONE FOURTEENTH-CENTURY BLUE-AND-WHITE A GROUP OF CHINESE PORCELAINS IN THE TOPKAPU SARAYI MUZESI, ISTANBUL - By JOHN ALEXANDER POPE Publication 4089 WASHINGTON 1952 BALTIMORE, MS., XT. S. A. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 The background 1 Acknowledgments 4 Numerical list = 6 Chronological data 7 The Topkapu Sarayi Collection 8 History 8 Scope 18 The early blue-and-white wares 24 The painter's repertory 30 Flora 33 Fauna 40 Miscellaneous 44 Description of plates A-D 49 The argument 50 Descriptions of the pieces as illustrated 53 Appendix I: Checklist 66 II: Locale 69 III : Zimmermann's attributions 72 Bibliography 74 Index 79 iii FOURTEENTH-CENTURY BLUE-AND- WHITE: A GROUP OF CHINESE PORCELAINS IN THE TOPKAPU SARAYI MiiZESI, ISTANBUL By JOHN ALEXANDER POPE Assistant Director, Freer Gallery of Art [With 44 Plates] INTRODUCTION THE BACKGROUND Attempts to assign pre-Ming dates to Chinese porcelains decorated in underglaze cobalt blue are by no means new, but they have never ceased to be troublesome; certainly no general agreement in the matter has been reached beyond the fact that such porcelains do exist. -
European Cobalt Sources Identified in the Production of Chinese Famille Rose Porcelain Abstract Keywords
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UCL Discovery 1 European cobalt sources identified in the production of 2 Chinese famille rose porcelain 3 4 Rita Giannini1, Ian C. Freestone2, Andrew J. Shortland1 5 6 1 Cranfield Forensic Institute 7 Cranfield University 8 Defence Academy of the United Kingdom 9 Shrivenham 10 Wilts 11 SN6 8LA 12 [email protected] 13 14 2 Institute of Archaeology 15 UCL 16 31-34 Gordon Square 17 London WC1H 0PY 18 Abstract 19 The blue pigments on 112 fragments or small objects of Qing Dynasty Chinese, 20 95 of underglaze blue and white and 17 overglaze enamelled porcelains were 21 analysed by LA-ICPMS. The underglaze blues on both blue and white and 22 polychrome objects were created with a cobalt pigment that was rich in 23 manganese with lesser nickel and zinc. This suite of accessory elements is 24 generally considered to be characteristic of local, Chinese, sources of pigments. 25 However, the blue enamels were very different. The cobalt pigment here has low 26 levels of manganese and instead is rich in nickel, zinc, arsenic and bismuth. No 27 Chinese source of cobalt with these characteristics is known, but they closely 28 match the elements found in the contemporary cobalt source at Erzgebirge in 29 Germany. Textual evidence has been interpreted to suggest that some enamel 30 pigment technologies were transferred from Europe to China, but this is the first 31 analytical evidence to be found that an enamel pigment itself was imported. -
How to Identify Old Chinese Porcelain
mmmKimmmmmmKmi^:^ lOW-TO-IDENTIFY OLD -CHINESE - PORCELAIN - j?s> -ii-?.aaig3)g'ggg5y.jgafE>j*iAjeE5egasgsKgy3Si CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE WASON CHINESE COLLECTION DATE DUE 1*-^'" """"^*^ NK 4565!h69" "-ibrary 3 1924 023 569 514 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023569514 'a4^(A<-^^ %//3 HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN PLATE r WHITE PORCELAIN "BLANC-DE-CHINE" PAIR OF BOWLS of pierced fret-work divided by five circular panels or medallions of raised figures in relief, supposed 10 represent the Pa-Sien or eight Immortals and the God of Longevity. Height, if in. Diameter, sfin. SEAL in the form of a cube surmounted by the figure of a lion Height, i^in. INCENSE BURNER, eight sided and ornamented by moulding in relief with eight feet and four handles. The sides have three bands enclosing scrolls in ancient bronze designs. At each angle of the cover is a knob; it is ornamented with iris and prunus, and by pierced spaces. The stand has eight feet and a knob at each angle ; in the centre is a flower surrounded by detached impressed scrolls, round the outside are similar panels to those on the bowl. Height, 4|in. Diameter of stand, 6f in. THE FIGURE OF A CRAB on a lotus leaf, the stem of which terminales in a flower. Length, 6| in. From Sir PV. fraiik^s Collection at the BritisJi Museum. S3 HOW TO IDENTIFY OLD CHINESE PORCELAIN BY MRS. -
11 Famille Rose Porcelain 'Peach' Bowl Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng
50yearsBook:50thAnniversary 17/8/10 15:20 Page 96 11 Famille Rose Porcelain ‘Peach’ Bowl Qing dynasty, Yongzheng mark and of the period, 1723 - 1735 Diameter: 14.0cm Famille rose porcelain ‘peach’ bowl, finely potted with rounded sides, standing on a foot-ring. The bowl is delicately enamelled, textured and stippled in pink, green, blue, brown, yellow, white, black and iron-red. The exterior is encircled by two intertwined branches, depicting different varieties of peach tree, on which are borne four peaches, in graduated tones of pink and lime green. One branch is enamelled in tones of grey and bears double-petalled blooms in greenish-white with yellow stamens; the other branch is in sepia tones and bears single- petalled pink blossoms, also with yellow stamens. The curling, slender leaves are shaded in tones of green and turquoise and borne on opposed stems, separated by two circling iron-red bats. The branches are painted to carry over the rim to the interior of the bowl and bear two further ripe fruits, blossoms and buds, leaving space for three swooping bats. The painting throughout is of the highest order, even minute details, such as the whiskers of the bats and the lichen growing on the branches, executed with consummate skill and artistry. The base is painted in underglaze blue with the six-character mark of Yongzheng within double circles. Provenance: J.D. Chen (Chen Rentao), Hong Kong. Paul and Helen Bernat Collection, Boston, Massachusetts. T. Endo Collection, Tokyo. Published: Sotheby’s, Hong Kong, The Paul and Helen Bernat Collection of Important Qing Imperial Porcelain and Works of Art, 15 November 1988, number 44 (one of the pair). -
The Reception of Chinese and Japanese Porcelain in Europe
The Reception of Chinese and Japanese Porcelain in Europe Rose Kerr Introduction In the last twenty years, a great deal of new work has been done on the trade in porcelain between China, Japan and Europe. The extent of research activity is revealed by the impressive six-page, double column, and bibliography in the catalogue which accompanied an exhibition at the British Museum in London from July to November, 1990.1 This exhibition, entitled "Porcelain for Palaces", looked at one aspect of the trade, namely the fashion for Japan in Europe in the period 1650-1750. It was only one of many recent projects undertaken in Europe, America and Japan to consider the East-West trade in ceramics during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Indeed, the only country to show scant interest has been China herself.2 Most useful study has been carried out in the West and in Japan, through archaeological an1 archival work: exploratory trips to the Chinese mainland have reveale1 li1.tle of interest.3 This paper will attempt to sketch a few new details upon this expansive background. Its first subject will be a very brief overview of European trade in the East during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries1 the second part will deal with bulk exports or tableware; while the third will examine the types of Chinese and Japanese porcelain used for luxury display in European palaces and great houses. European Trade in the East in the seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Export porcelains make an attractive item for study because they are beautiful, and because they survive complete or as sherds.