%?/?,?&?0? −?%?∗?2?)?&?9?∗?%? &?5?∗?−?&?2?&?5?∗?%? 2?/?∗?1?9? ,2?/?2?)?9? ∀?', ;?:?2?"#? / 2003 :?−? %?/?∃?3?∗?.? &?%?9?3?∗?&?1?&?;? 3?":? ,?%?0? %?5?8?&?−?)?%? −?/?∃?3?∗? %?9?&?(? !?&?1?∗?∀?9?2?∗?)?;? ;?−?-!?∀?∗?∀? %?!?.? %?1?!?7?∗?.? :?1?!?&? !?;? %?∗?%?&?∃? ∗?.?? 3?−? %?5?2?∗?,?&?−?&?#?∗?%? :?−? %?1?!?7? ∗?∍?.? ∃?"9? ∍?'&?∍?%? ∀?9?&?1?9? 9?:?∗?/?;? 8?9?∗?!?%? /?&?9?(?∀?;?: %?5?9?∃?∗?#?/?%? %?2?∀?∗?∀?;?∗?;?-%?;?1?%?#?&?;?∗?;? :?∀?&?3? 2: 7?∗?&?;? −?2?/?,?&?;? *Milgram, Stanley, 1974, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View, New York: Harper Torchbooks. 1-12; 44-54; 89-122; 123-134. Helm, Charles & Mario Morelli, 1979. Stanley Milgram and the obedience experiment: Authority, legitimacy, and human action. Political Theory, 7, 321-345. Mixon, Don, 1989, Obedience and Civilization: Authorized Crime and the Normality of Evil. London: Pluto Press. Miller, Arthur G., 1986, The Obedience Experiments: A Case Study of Controversy in Social Science, New York: Praeger. 179-220. Bauman, Zygmunt, 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 151-168. Zukier, Henri, 1994. The twisted road to genocide: On the psychological development of evil during the Holocaust. Social Research, 61, 423-455. Lutsky, Neil, 1995. When is ?obedience? obedience? Conceptual and historical commentary. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 55-65. Miller, Arthur G., 1995a. Perspectives on obedience to authority: The legacy of the Milgram experiements. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 1-19. Miller, Arthur G., 1995b. Constructions of the obedience experiments: A focus upon domains of relevance. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 33-53. Elms, Alan C., 1995. Obedience in retrospect. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 21-31. Bauman, Zygmunt, 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 1-30, 169-200. Blass, Thomas, 1993. Psychological perspectives of the Holocaust: The role of situational pressures, personal dispositions and their interactions. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 7, 30-50. Haritos-Fatouros, M. 1988. The official torturer: A learning model for obedience to the authority of violence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18, 1107-1120. Rochat, Francois and Andre Modigliani, 1995. The ordinary quality of resistance: from Milgram's laboratory to the village of Le Chambon. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 195-210. Askenasy, Hans, 1978. Are We All Nazis? Secaucus, NJ: Lyle Stuart. :?∀?&?3? 3: 3?&?1?#? %?:?−?∗?)?%? *http://www.zimbardo.com/prison.htm *http://www.prisonexp.org Haney, Graig, Curtis Banks & Philip Zimbardo, 1973. Interpersonal dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology and Penology, 1, 69-97. Zimbardo, Philip G., 1995. The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133. Zimbardo, Philip G. 1999. Tranforming people into perpetrators of evil. http:// www.sonoma.edu/people/g/goodman/zimbardo Ash, Solomon, 1952. Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In Proshansky & Seidenberg (eds.), 1965. Basic Studies in Social Psychology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Wintson, 393-401. Browning, Christopher, 1998. Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland, New York: HarperPerennial. 1-2; 55-77; 159-189. Browning, Christopher, 2000. Nazi Policy, Jewish Workers, German Killers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 143-169. Hirsch, Herbert, 1985. Why people kill: Conditions for participation in mass murder. International Journal of Group Tensions, 15, 41-57. Staub, Ervin, 1989. The Roots of Evil: The Origins of Genocide and Other Group Violence, New York: Cambridge University Press. Staub, Erwin, 1990. Genocide and mass killing: Cultural-societal and psychological origins. In H.T. Himmelweit & G. Gaskell (Eds.). Societal Psychology, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. 230-251. Diener, E. 1977. Deindividuation: Causes and Consequences. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 143-156. %?5?9?∃?∗?#?/?%? %?!?∗?:?∗?&?;?∗?;?-9?#?:?∗?;? :?∀?&?3? 4: (?9?∃?%? &?%?#?1?%? !? *Reich, Wilhelm, 1933/1945/1975. The Mass Psychology of Fascism. Harmondworth, UK: Penguin. 37-67. Ollman, Bertell, The Marxism of Wilhelm Reich: The social function of sexual repression. In Dick Howard & Karl E. Klare (eds.) The Unknown Dimension: European Marxism since Lenin. New York: Basic Books. 197-224. Rabinbach, Anson, 1974. The politicization of Wilhelm Reich. New German Critique, 1, 9-97. Cohen, Ira H. 1982. Ideology and Unconsciousness: Reich, Freud, and Marx. New York: New York University Press. 135-226. Van Ginneken, Jaap, 1987. Reich?s Mass Psychology of Fascism in marxist perspective. Revista de Historia de la Psicologia, 8: 295-306. Theweleit, Klaus, 1987. Male Fantasies. 2 vols. Trans. Chris Turner. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press Turner, Chris & Erica Carter, 1986. Political somatics: Notes on Klaus Theweleit?s Male Fantasies. In Burgin, Donald & Kaplan (eds.), Formations of Fantasies, 1986. Lacoue-Barath, Phillipe & Jean-Luc Nancy, 1990. The Nazi myth. Critical Inquiry 16 (2), 291-312. Lasswell, Harold D., 1933. The psychology of Hitlerism, Political Quarterly, 4 :?∀?&?3? 5: (?9?∃?%? &?%?#?1?%? ∀? *5?9?&?.?, !?9?∗?+?, 1992/1942. /?1?&?2? /?(?&?5?:?, /?!?1?#?−?∗?;? ;?/? 9? 3?/?∗?;?. ;?−? !?∀?∗?∀?: ∃?∀?∗?9?. 97-123, 139-160. McLaughlin, Neil, 1996. Nazism, nationalism and the sociology of emotions: Escape from Freedom revisited. Sociological Theory, 14, 241-161. Fromm, Erich, 1984. The Working Class in Weimar Germany: A Psychological and Sociological Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Brunner, José, 1994. Looking into the hearts of workers: How Erich Fromm turned critical theory into empirical research. Political Psychology, 15, 631-654. Ashplant, T.G., 1988. Psychoanalysis in historical writing, History Workshop, 26. Cocks, Geoffrey and Crosby, T.L., eds. , 1987. Psycho/history: Readings in the Methods of Psychology, Psychoanalysis and History. Stannard, David E., 1980. Shrinking History: on Freud and the Failure of Psychohistory. :?∀?&?3? 6: (?9?∃?%? &?%?#?1?%? #? *Adorno, Theodor W., Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson, Nevitt Sanford, 1950. The Authoritarian Personality, New York: The American Jewish Committee. 222-242, 442-486, 971-976. Adorno, T.W. The Stars Down to Earth and Other Essays on the Irrational in Culture. Ed. Stephen Crook. London and New York: Routledge, 1994. Research project on anti- Semitism: Idea of the project, 135-161. Christie, Richard & Marie Jahoda, 1954, Studies in the Scope and Method of "The Authoritarian Personality," Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Brown, Roger, 1965, The Authoritarian Personality in Social Psychology, New York: The Free Press. 477-548. Sanford, Nevitt, 1973. Authoritarian personality in contemporary perspective. In Jeanne N. Knutson (ed.), Handbook of Political Psychology. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 139-170. Jay, Martin, 1973. The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research 1923-50. London: Heineman. 113-172; 219-252. Bonss, Wolfgang. 1984. Critical theory and empirical social research: Some observations, in Fromm 1984. 1-38. Duckitt, John, 1989, Authoritarianism and group identification: A new view of an old construct, Political Psychology, 10, 63-84. Stone, William, Gerda Lederer, Richard Christie, 1993, Strength and Weakness: The Authoritarian Personality Today, New York: Springer-Verlag. Roiser, Martin & Carla Willig, 1995. The hidden histoy of authoritarianism. History of the Human Sciences, 8, 77-97. Altemeyer, Bob, 1996, The Authoritarian Specter, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth 1996. The Anatomy of Prejudices. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 57-80. Brewster Smith, M., 1997. The Authoritarian Personality: A re-review 46 years later. Political Psychology, 18, 159-163. Meloen, Jos, 1994. A critical analysis of forty years of authoritarianism research: Did theory testing suffer from Cold War attitudes? in Russell F. Farnen (ed.), Nationalism, Ethnicity and Identity: Cross National and Comparative Perspectives. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, pp. 127-165. Baars, Jan & Scheepers, Peter, 1993. Theoretical and methodological foundations of the Authoritarian Personality. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 29: 345-353. Milburn, Michael A. and Sheree D. Conrad, 1996. The Politics of Denial, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Kecskemeti, Paul & Nathan Leites, 1948. Some psychological hypotheses on Nazi Germany. Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 141-183; 27, 241-270; 28, 141-164. Maslow, A.H., 1943. The authoritarian character structure. Journal of Social Psychology, 18. :?∀?&?3? 7: 1?5?:?&? :?−? %?∗?)?−?9? *Langer, Walter C., 1943/1972. The Mind of Adolf Hitler. New York: Basic Books, 135-206. Waite, Robert G.L. 1971. Adolf Hitler’s anti-Semitism: A study in history and psychoanalysis. In Benjamin B. Wolman (ed.) The Psychoanalytic Interpretation of History. New York: Harper & Row. 192-230. Schwaab, Edleff H., 1992. Hitler?s Mind: A Plunge into Madness. New York: Praeger. 81-90. Peter Loewenberg, 1972. The psychohistorical origins of the Nazi youth cohort. American Historical Review, 76, 1457-1502. Baynes, Helton G., 1941/1972. Germany Possessed. New York: AMS Press. Vernon, W.H.D., 1942. Hitler the man ? notes for a case study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 37, 195-308. Kurth, Gertrud, 1947. The Jew and Adolf Hitler. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 16, 11-32. Erikson, Erik H., 1942, Hitler?s imagery and German youth. Psychiatry, 4, Erikson, Erik H., 1950. Childhood and society. New York: Norton. Koenigsberg, R.A., 1975. Hitler?s Ideology: A Study in Psychoanalytic Sociology. New York: Library Of Social Science. Waite, Robert G.L., 1977. The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler. New York. Basic Books. Fromm, Erich, 1977. Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin. 490-574. Bromberg, Norbert & Verna V. Small, 1983. Hitler?s Psychopathology. New York: International Universities Press. Binion, Rudolph, 1984. Hitler Among the Germans. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press. Binion, Rudolph, 1989. Hitler?s concept of ?Lebensraum?: The psychological basis. In Michael R. Marrus (ed.), The Nazi Holocaust: Historical articles on the destruction of European Jews, vol. 2: The origins of the Holocaust. Westport, CT: Meckler. 375-413. Muslin, Hyman L. 1992. Adolf Hitler: The evil self. Psychohistory Review, 20, 251-270. Moriarty, D.M., 1993. A Psychological Study of Adolf Hitler. St. Louis, MO: W.H. Green. Hoffman, Louise E., 1993. Erickson on Hitler: The origins of ?Hitler?s imagery and German youth?. Psychohistory Review, 22. Young, T.J. & L.A. French, 1996. Hitler?s psychopathology: Advantages and limitations of psychohistorical assessments of personality. Psychological Reports, 78, Redlich, Fredrick C., 1998. Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet. New York: Oxford University Press. Stierlin, Helm, 1976. Adolf Hitler: A Family Perspective. New York. Victor, George, 1998. Hitler: The Pathology of Evil. Washington, VA: Brassey?s. Miller, Alice, 1990. Adolf Hitler?s childhood: From hidden to manifest horror. In Roger S. Gotlieb, ed., Thinking the Unthinkable: Meanings of the Holocaust. New York: Paulist Press, 88-106. Rosenbaum, Ron, 1998. Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of his Evil. New York: Random House. Wangh, Martin, 1974. Review of The Mind of Adolf Hitler. The Secret Wartime Report. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 43, 124-133. Kren, George M., 1984. Psychohistory, psychobiography and the Holocaust. Psychohistory Review, 13, 40-45. Hoffman, Louise E., 1992. American psychologists and wartime research on Germany, 1941-1945. American Psychologist, 2, 264-273. Loewenberg, Peter, 1974. Review essay of Walter C. Langer, The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report, Central European History, 7, 262-275.

:?∀?&?3? 8: 5?;?&?−?&?#?∗?;? %?/?1?%?∗?#?∗?.? *Miale, Florence & Michael Selzer, 1975. The Nuremberg Mind: The Psychology of the Nazi Leaders, New York: Quandrangle/The New York Times Book Co. 16-28; 83-99; 268-287. Selzer, Michael 1976. Psychohistorical approaches to the study of Nazism. Journal of Psychohistory, 4, 215-224. Dicks, H.V., 1972. Licensed Mass Murder: A Socio-Political Study of Some S.S.Killers. New York. Kren, George M., 1978. Psychohistorical interpretations of National Socialism. German Studies Review, 1. Harrower, Molly, 1976. Rorschach records of the Nazi war criminals: An experimental study after 30 years. Journal of Personality Assessment, 40, 341-351. Kelley, Douglas M., 1946. ?Preliminary studies of the Rorschach records of the Nazi war criminals.? Rorschach Research Exchange, 10, 45-48. Kelley, Douglas M., 1947. Twenty-two cells in Nuremberg: A Psychiatrist Examines the nazi War Criminals. New York: Greenberg. Gilbert, Gustave M., 1947. Nuremberg Diary. New York: Signet. Gilbert, Gustave M., 1950. The Psychology of Dictatorship. New York: Ronald Press. Gilbert, Gustave, M. 1963. The mentality of SS murderous robots. Yad Vashem Studies, 5, 35-41. Gilbert, Gustave M., 1948. Hermann Göring, amiable psychopath. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43, 211. Borofsky, Gerald & Don Brand, 1980. Personality Organization and Psychological Functioning of the Nuremberg War Criminals: The Rorschach Data. In Joel Dimsdale (ed.), 1980. Survivors, Victims and Perpetrators: Essays on the Nazi Holocaust, Taylor & Francis. 359-403. Zillmer, Eric A., Archer, R.P. and Castino, B., 1989. The Rorschach records of Nazi war criminals: A reanalysis using current scoring and interpretation practices. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 85-99. Resnick, M.N. and Nunno V.J. 1991. The Nuremberg Mind redeemed: A comprehensive analysis of the Rorschachs of Nazi war criminals. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 19-29. Zillmer, Eric A., Molly Harrower, Barry Ritzler, Robert Archer, 1995. The Quest for the Nazi Personality: A Psychological Investigation of Nazi War Criminals, Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Brunner, José, 2001. ??Oh those crazy cards again:? A history of the debate on the Nazi Rorschachs, 1946-2001.? Political Psychology, 22, 233-263. Rees, John R., ed. 1948. The Case of Rudolf Hess: A Problem in Diagnosis and Forensic Psychiatry. New York: W. W. Norton. Breitman, Richard, 1991. The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution, New York: Alfred Knopf. Hoess, Rudolph, 1996. Death Dealer: The Memoirs of the SS Kommandant at Auschwitz. New York: DaCapo Press. Segev, Tom, 1986. Soldiers of Evil: The Commandants of the Nazi Concentration Camps, New York: McGraw Hill. Sereny, Gitta, 1983. Into That Darkness: An Examination of Conscience, New York: Vintage Books. :?∀?&?3? 9: 5?1?)?∍?∗?%? 8?&?−?8?)?∗?∀?∗?;? *Chasseguet-Smirgel, Janine, 1992. A psychoanalyst’s thoughts concerning the genocide. Journal of Social Work and Policy in Israel, 5-6, 17-32. Chasseguet-Smirgel, Janine, 1990. Reflections of a psychoanalyst upon the Nazi biocracy and genocide. International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 17, 167-176. Chasseguet-Smirgel, Janine, 1999. Devil's religions: Some reflections on the historical and social meanings of the perversions, in Ginsburg, Nancy and Ginsburg, Roy, eds., Psychoanalysis and Culture at the Millennium. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. Glass, James, 1997c. "Life Unworthy of Life": Racial Phobia and Mass Murder in Hitler's Germany, New York Basic Books. Glass, James, 1997a. Against the indifference hypothesis: The Holocaust and the enthusiasts for murder. Political Psychology, 18, 129-145. Glass, James, 1997b. Skin ego and purification ritual: Psychodynamics behind the Nazi final solution. Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, 2, 47-54. Glass, James, 2000. Normal politics as murder: The Holocaust and group psychosis. Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society, 5, 115-120. Loewenberg, Peter, 1995. Fantasy and Reality in History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hanson, John H. 1984. Nazi culture: the social uses of fantasy as repression. In Psychoanalytic Reflections on the Holocaust. Eds. Steven A. Luel & Paul Marcus. Denver, CO: University of Denver. 35-51. Pois, Robert A. 1986. National Socialism and the Religion of Nature. London Croom Helm. Saussure, Raymond de, 1943. Collective neurosis of Germany. Free World, 5. Ostow, Mortimer, 1986. Psychodynamics of apocalyptic: identification and Nazis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 67, 277-286. Ostow, Mortimer, 1996. Myth and Madness. The Psychodynamics of Antisemitism, New Brunswick, NJ:Transaction Ley, Michael, 1993. Genozid und Heilsewartung: zum nationalsozialistischen Mord am europäischen Judentum. Wien: Picus. %?5?9?∃?∗?#?/?%? %?;?9?∀?&?;?∗?;?-8?&?#?1?∗?)?∗?∀?∗?;? :?∀?&?3? 10: (?&?2?9? /?(?:?∀?%? *!?9?1?∃?)?, (?1?%?, 2000. !?∗?,?/?0? ∀?∗?9?&?:?−?∗?.?: ∃?&?"(? 3? −? %?∀?1?!?−?∗?&?;? :?−? %?9?&?3?. ;?∗?9?#?&?.?: !?9?∗?%? !?&? 9?∗?!?−?. ;?−? !?∀?∗?∀?: ∀?∀?−?. 144- 159. *8?&?−?7?'9?, :?−?/?%?, 1961. ∃?"&?(? ∀?∃?∗?8?%?, TR-12/80. Arendt, Hannah, 1964, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, Revised and Enlarged Edition, New York: Penguin Books. Kulcsar, Shlomo, Shoshanna Kulcsar & Lipot Szondi, 1966. Adolf Eichmann and the Third Reich. In Ralph Slovenko (ed.), Crime, Law and Corrections. Springiled, IL: Charles Thomas. 16-52. Kulcsar, Shlomo I., 1976. De Sade and Eichmann. Mental Health and Society, 3, 102-113. McCully, R.S. 1980. A commentary on Adolf Eichmann?s Rorschach. Journal of Personality Assessment, 44, 311-318. Clarke, Barry, 1980. Beyond ?the banality of evil?. British Journal of Political Science, 10, 417-439. Dossa, Shiraz, 1984. Hannah Arendt on Eichmann: The public, the private and evil. Review of Politics, 46, 163-184. Rotenstreich, Nathan, 1984-85. Can evil be banal? Philosophical Forum, 1-2, 50-62. Garner, Reuben, 1990. Adolf Eichmann: The making of a totalitarian bureaucrat. In Reuben Garner (ed.), The Realm of Humanitas: Responses to the Writings of Hannah Arendt. New York: Peter Lang. 67-100. Barnouw, Dagmar, 1990. Visible spaces: Hannah Arendt and the German-Jewish experience. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.223-251. Brunner, José, 1996. Eichmann, Arendt and Freud in Jerusalem: On the evils of narcissism and the pleasures of thoughtlessness. History and Memory, 8, 61-88. Stein, Yehoyakim, 1996. The sense of the banality of evil. In Jacques J. Rozenberg (ed.), Sense and Nonsense: Philosophical, Clinical and Ethical Perspectives. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. 239-247. Bernstein, Richard J., 1997. ?The banality of evil? reconsidered. In Craig Calhoun & John McGowan (eds.), Hannah Arendt and the Meaning of Politics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 297-322. Brunner, José, 2000. Eichmann?s mind: Psychological, philosophical and legal perspectives. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 1, 429-463. Rappaport, Ernest A. 1976. Adolf Eichmann: The travelling salesman of genocide International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 3, 111-119 Horowitz, Irving L. 1997. Hannah Arendt: Judicial critic of totalitarianism. Modern Age, 39, 397-403. :?∀?&?3? 11: ∃?%?&?/?1?∗?∍?7?∗?%? *Bandura, Albert, B. Underwood and M.E. Fromson, 1975. Disinhibition of Aggression Through Diffusion of Responsibility and Dehumanization of Victims, Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253-269. Bandura. Albert, 1996. Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. International Journal Of Psychology, 31, 3881-3881. Reprinted in: Personality & Social Psychology Review, 3 (1999), 193-209. Bandura, Albert, 1990a. Selective activation and disengagement of moral control. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 27-46. Bandura, Albert, 1990b. Mechanisms of moral disengagement. In W.Reich (Ed.) Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, and States of Mind (pp.161-191). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Bandura, Albert, 1991. Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W.M. Kurtines & J.L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development: Theory, Research and Applications (Vol. 1, pp. 71-129). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Bandura, Albert, 1992. Social cognitive theory of social referencing. In S.Feinman (Ed.), Social Referencing and the Social Construction of Reality in Infancy (pp.175-208). New York: Plenum. Bandura, Albert, Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G.V., & Pastorelli, C., 1996. Mechanisms of Moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364-374. Bandura Albert, 1999. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal Of Social Psychology, 2, 21-41 [Special Issue: Theoretical and methodological advances in social psychology]. Bandura Albert, 1999. Social cognitive theory of personality. In L. A. Pervin and J. P. Oliver (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (2nd ed.), pp. 154-196. New York: Guilford Press. Sanford, Nevitt, 1971. Dehumanization and collective destructiveness. International Journal of Group Tensions, 1, 26-41. Harris, Mark. 1987. The German people and the persecution of the Jews, 1933-1945. Mosaic, 3, 22-40. Kelman, Herb C., 1973. Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61. Kelman, Herb C., & Hamilton, V.L. (1989). Crimes of Obedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Moses, Raphael, 1990. On dehumanizing the enemy. In Volkan, Vlamik D. et al. (1990/1991). The Psychodynamics of International Relationships, 2 vols., Lexington Books. Vol. 1, pp. 111-18. Hirsch, Herbert and R. W. Smith, 1991. The language of extermination in genocide. Genocide: A Critical Bibliographic Review, 2, 386-403. :?∀?&?3? 12: :?∗?1?!?%? #?9?/?1?∗?;? *#?&?−?∃?%?#?0?, ∃?1?∗?!?−? ∗?' 1998. ;?−?∗?∗?1?∗?.? /?9?7?&?0? ∀?:? ∗?9?&?;? %?∗?)?−?9?. /?!?1?#?−?∗?;?: !?. ∀?9?&?∗?9?. ∗?∃?s28 ∗?3? &?;? !?(?9?&?1?&?;?. 359-428. Goldhagen, Daniel J., 1996. Motives, causes and alibis: A reply to my critics. www.goldhagen.com/mca2.html. Goldhagen, Daniel, J., 1997. Modell Bundesrepublik: National history, democracy, and internationalization in Germany. www.goldhagen.com/mfr2.html. Kamber, R., Goldhagen and Sartre on eliminationist anti-semitism: false beliefs and moral culpability. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 13, 252-271. Michael, Mann, 2000. Were the perpetrators of genocide ?ordinary men? or ?real Nazis?? Results from fifteen hundred biographies. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, 14, 331-366. Eley, Geoff (ed.) 2000. The ?Goldhagen Effect?: History, Memory, Nazism ? Facing the German Past. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan University Press. Hay, Colin, 2000. Willing executioners of Hitler?s will? The Goldhagen controversy, political analysis and the Holocaust. Politics, 20, 119-128. Hilberg, Raul, 1997. The Goldhagen phenomenon [book review]. Critical Inquiry, 23, 721-728. Stern, Fritz R. 1996. Hitler's willing executioners; ordinary Germans and the Holocaust [Book Review]. Foreign Affairs, 75 (Nov./Dec.), 128-38. Moses, A.D. 1998. Structure and agency in the Holocaust: Daniel J. Goldhagen and his critics. History and Theory, 37, 194-219. Brennan, Michael, 2001. Some sociological contemplations on Daniel J. Goldhagen?s Hitler?s Willing Executioners. Theory, Culture & Society, 18, 83-109. Kohn, Hans, 1960. The Mind of Modern Germany. New York. Millful, John, ed. 1993. Why German? National Socialist Anti-Semitism and the European Context. Providence: Berg. Fischer, Klaus P. 1998. The History of an Obsession: German Judeophobia and the Holocaust. Dunning, E. and Mennell, S., 1998. Elias on Germany, Nazism and the Holocaust. British Journal of Sociology. 49, 339-357. Smith, Robert B., 1998. Anti-Semitism and Nazism: Reconciling Fromm and Goldhagen. American Behavioral Scientist, 41, 1324-1362. Brown, W. 1944. The psychology of modern Germany, British Journal of Psychology, 34, 43-59. Jick, Leon A., 1998. Method in madness: A examination of the motivation for the Nazi mass murder. Modern Judaism, 18, 153-172. 1?&?∗?/?0?, ∀?3?∍?, 2001. 9?!?∗?∗?;? %?3?&?−?.? %?1?!?7? ∗?;?: /?9?(?∀?, #?&?4?, :?5?%?. !?&?1?∗?∀?9?2?∗?)?;? (?∗?5?%?/ 2?5?9?∗?;? /?3?9?∗?∀?. :?∀?&?3? 13: /?&?∃?9?1?∗?&?;? *Bauman, Zygmunt, 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 31-82. Rubenstein, Richard L. 1984. The victim as non-person. Journal of Psychohistory, 11, Zenner, Walter, P., 1987. Middleman minorities and genocide. In Isidor Walliman & Michael N. Dobkowski (eds.), Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death. New York: Greenwood Press. 253-280. Rubenstein, Richard L. 1983. The Age of Triage: Fear and Hope in an Overcrowded World. Boston: Beacon Press. 1-33. Winston, Andrew S. 1997. Genocide as a scientific project. American Psychologist, 52, 182-3. Freeman, M., 1995. Genocide, civilization and modernity. British Journal of Sociology, 46, 207-223. Deutsch, Morton, 1990. Psychological roots of moral exclusion. Journal of Social Issues, 46, 21-25. Burkitt, Ian, 1996. Civilization and ambivalence. British Journal of Sociology, 47, 135-150. Herf, Jeffrey, 1984. Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Freeman, Michael, 1995. Genocide, civilization and modernity. British Journal of Sociology, 46, 207-23. Friedlander, Henry 1995. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.

:?∀?&?3? 14: 2?∗?,?&?.?

8?∗?:?&?9?∗?.? −?(?∗?5?&?:? (?&?/?9? 1?&?2?4? ∃?9?+? %?!?∗? 1?)?9?1?)? sicsa.huji.ac.il. Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, The Hebrew University. Click Felix Posen Bibliographic Project on Antisemitism. www.nizkor.org. Holocaust Educational Resource. Click Bookstore & Bibliographies. www.ushm.org. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington D.C. Click Library, Online Catalog. www.wiesenthal.com. Wiesenthal Center Online. Click Explore and Learn.