The Whiteness of South African English Radio Drama

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Whiteness of South African English Radio Drama THE WHITENESS OF SOUTH AFRICAN ENGLISH RADIO DRAMA: A POSTCOLONIAL STUDY OF THE RISE, DECLINE AND DEMISE OF A DRAMATIC SUB-GENRE by MARGARET ELAINE LOGAN submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the subject THEORY OF LITERATURE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF MARISA KEURIS NOVEMBER 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express her appreciation to the following for their contribution to the formulation, execution and presentation of this study: Prof. Marisa Keuris, Head of the Department of Afrikaans and Theory of Literature, UNISA, Pretoria, for her encouragement, guidance and support. Her interest in radio drama, expressed at an early stage in my studies at UNISA, has been a source of inspiration for me: Retha Roux of the SABC Sound Archives, Johannesburg, for the provision of invaluable information, and her unfailingly prompt response to my many queries: Former radio drama practitioners, friends and former colleagues, who completed my questionnaires or gave interviews, most notably Nigel Vermaas, Jack Mullen and Bev Peirce, whose valuable insights, opinions and recollections form such an important contribution to this work: Old Time Radio experts and archivists Frans Erasmus and Kevan Mardon, for their readiness to share their expertise, including recordings and magazine articles: Claire Welch, Technical Support Executive of the South African Advertising Foundation, for her helpful assistance, and the provision of radio audience statistics: My husband and children for their patience and encouragement. ii ABSTRACT An exposition of South African English radio drama tracing the historical, cultural and political issues which led to the demise of the art form in 1999, and its resurrection at ICASA’s insistence in 2006. The research demonstrates the ideological influences of both British Imperialism and Afrikaner Nationalism on the development of South African radio drama, drawing parallels between the development of Afrikaans radio drama, Zulu radio drama and English radio drama. The study also deconstructs the role played by English language radio drama in underpinning the ideologies of whiteness, and illustrates attempts made towards transformation from 1985. The recent development of an essentially South African form of radio drama is described, and the effects of new ideological constraints imposed by the SABC are discussed. The study also provides a critical lens through which the SABC’s failure to observe its public service mandate is made evident. Title of dissertation THE WHITENESS OF SOUTH AFRICAN ENGLISH RADIO DRAMA: A POSTCOLONIAL STUDY OF THE RISE, DECLINE AND DEMISE OF A DRAMATIC SUB-GENRE. Key terms South African English radio drama, Afrikaans radio drama, Zulu radio drama, ideologies, British Imperialism, Afrikaner Nationalist ideology, African Nationalist ideology, apartheid, whiteness studies, white supremacy, South African Broadcasting Corporation, demise of an art form, postcolonial, transformation. iii CONTENTS Page Number Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Title of the Study 1 1.2 Aim of the Study 1 1.3 The Central Problem 2 1.4 The Research Hypotheses 3 1.4.1 Hypothesis 1 3 1.4.2 Hypothesis 2 4 1.4.3 Hypothesis 3 5 1.4.4 Hypothesis 4 5 1.5 Overview of research and methodology 6 1.5.1 Overview of research 6 1.5.2 Methodology 11 1.6 Structure of study 13 Chapter 2 23 2.1 Radio drama: the need for research 23 2.2 Whiteness Studies 26 2.3 The need for postcolonial research in whiteness 31 Chapter 3: Early developments in South African Broadcasting 37 Introduction 37 3.1 Historical/ideological background 38 iv CONTENTS Page Number 3.2 Events prior to the first broadcast 41 3.3 Introduction of regional broadcasting stations 42 3.4 National broadcasting under the ABC 44 3.5 The formation of the SABC 45 Chapter 4: South African radio drama 49 Introduction 49 4.1 Early external influences on South African radio drama 51 4.2 The regional stations era: 1924-1927 52 4.2.1 English radio drama 56 4.2.2 Afrikaans radio drama 58 4.2.3 Zulu radio drama 58 4.3 The ABC era: 1927-1936 59 4.3.1 English radio drama 62 4.3.2 Afrikaans radio drama 64 4.3.3 Zulu radio drama 66 4.4 The English Service or “A” programme (1936-1986) and Afrikaans “B” programme (1937-1986) era 66 4.4.1 English radio drama 73 4.4.2 Afrikaans radio drama 82 4.4.3 Zulu radio drama 89 v CONTENTS Page Number 4.5 The Springbok Radio era: 1950-1985 100 4.5.1 Springbok Radio drama 112 Radio South Africa (1986-1995) and Radio Suid Afrika/ Afrikaans Stereo era (1986-1996) 140 4.6.1 English radio drama 144 4.6.2 Afrikaans radio drama 149 4.7 The SAfm (1995-)/RSG (1996-) era 151 4.7.1 Afrikaans radio drama 170 4.7.2 English radio drama 187 Chapter 5 216 Conclusion 216 Bibliography 224 Appendix 1 250 Appendix 2 273 vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 TITLE OF THE STUDY The Whiteness of South African English Radio Drama: a postcolonial study of the rise, decline and demise of a dramatic sub-genre. 1.2 AIM OF THE STUDY The South African Broadcasting Corporation’s decision to terminate the production and broadcast of all English radio drama in April 1999 not only signified the end of an era, but the apparent demise of this art form in one South African language only. However, radio drama in English was re-introduced on SAfm in April 2006, in compliance with licensing regulations stipulated by the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA). A distinction should be drawn at this early point between the “old” and “new” forms of South African English radio drama1: that is, between the “old” radio drama, deeply rooted in British colonial culture and imperial ideology, and later confined within a white space by apartheid’s supremacist ideology, and the “new”, truly postcolonial radio plays and serials currently broadcast, which aim to attract a wider audience of both first and second-language English speakers. The research that follows, begun and partly conducted during the seven-year interregnum imposed on English radio drama, seeks to deconstruct the role played by the original art form in underpinning the ideologies of whiteness, and provide a greater understanding of the historical, cultural and political issues that contributed to the demise of SAE radio drama. In tracing the influence of British colonialism and apartheid on the formation and development of English radio drama in South Africa, it also attempts to explicate the relative ease with which ideology may infect an art 1 Future references to the “old”, traditional form of South African English radio drama will be abbreviated to “SAE radio drama”. 1 form, with potentially fatal results. Attention is finally given to the new, essentially South African form of English radio drama, introduced on SAfm in 2006. The possibility that the development of this promising new form may also be affected by ideological constraints imposed by the SABC is also considered. 1.3 THE CENTRAL PROBLEM The critical question initially raised within the ambit of this study is as follows: What factors led to the decline and demise in 1999 of South African radio drama in one language only? There is no single “real reason” for the cessation of South African English radio drama in 1999. The management of SAfm issued statements to the media, citing a decline in listenership to radio drama, and the relatively high cost of production as reasons for the closure, but neither explanation seemed convincing. SAE radio drama practitioners and listeners, who generally regarded the closure of the English radio drama department on SAfm as an error of judgment, questioned the motivation behind this apparent act of discrimination against an art form in one language only. It was argued that the advent of television had steadily eroded radio drama listenership ratings on both SAfm and Radio Sonder Grense2. Moreover, production costs of drama for both stations were similar, if not identical, yet listeners to Afrikaans radio drama continued to enjoy this form of entertainment on a regular, if reduced, basis. Why, it was asked, when English is commonly accepted as the lingua franca of South Africa, had radio drama on SAfm been abandoned, while its counterpart in Afrikaans, regarded by many as “the language of the oppressor”, had survived? Moreover, once the political climate at the SABC eased in the late nineteen eighties, the SAE drama department had eagerly, even joyously, grasped the opportunity of producing original South African plays by authors such as Athol Fugard, and expressly focused on discovering, encouraging and producing work that reflected the reality, past and present, of all South Africans. Given the rapidly changing demographic profile of SAfm, it was seen as ironical that the “new order” at the SABC had destroyed, rather than embraced, this attempt to develop a uniquely South African form of English radio drama. ICASA’s insistence on the re-introduction 2 Radio without borders. 2 of radio drama on SAfm in 2006, in order to comply with licensing regulations, may be seen as a vindication of the many criticisms voiced following the closure in 1999. The difficult task of this study is to chart the development of a complex chain of historical events, ideologies, and attitudes, some peculiar to the culture and identity of first-language English-speaking listeners, which led to the cessation of SAE radio drama on SAfm in April 1999. Consideration will also be given to the adverse effect of decisions made by the public broadcaster which affected issues such as the closure of Springbok Radio in 1979, the relegation of radio drama to off-peak listening times, and the contribution made by private recording studios in producing serials, comedy shows and plays for broadcast 1.4 THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESES: The following hypotheses emerged during the research process: 1.4.1 SAE radio drama has been adversely affected by powerful political ideologies: It would be difficult, if not impossible, to identify the number of ideologies that influence an art form such as radio drama, in which the creative and technical processes involve a variety of individuals from different backgrounds, each contributing different skills.
Recommended publications
  • South Africa: Democracy, Poverty and Inclusive Growth Since 1994 by Jeremy Seekings
    DEMOCRACY WORKS | CONFERENCE PAPER | 2014 South Africa: Democracy, Poverty and Inclusive Growth Since 1994 by Jeremy Seekings Voices FROM THE South www.li.com www.prosperity.com www.cde.org.za DEMOCRACY WORKS | 1 A PROJECT OF CDE is an independent policy research and Based in London, the Legatum Institute (LI) advocacy organisation. It is one of South is an independent non-partisan public policy Africa’s leading development think tanks, organisation whose research, publications, and focusing on critical development issues and programmes advance ideas and policies in support their relationship to economic growth and of free and prosperous societies around the world. democratic consolidation. Through examining LI’s signature annual publication is the Legatum South African realities and international Prosperity Index™, a unique global assessment experience, CDE formulates practical policy of national prosperity based on both wealth and proposals outlining ways in which South wellbeing. LI is the co-publisher of Democracy Africa can tackle major social and economic Lab, a journalistic joint-venture with Foreign Policy challenges. CDE has a special focus on the Magazine dedicated to covering political and role of business and markets in development. economic transitions around the world. SUPPORTED BY: Instituto de Estudos do Trabalho I E T S Instituto e Sociedade, Brazil Centre for Policy Research, India de Estudos do Trabalho www.cprindia.org e Sociedade www.iets.org.br The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the Legatum Institute (LI) or the Centre for Development and Enterprise (CDE). Executive Summary This is a revised version of a working Despite the predictions of most political theory and the expectations of most paper prepared for presentation at the commentators on South Africa, the formal establishment of representative Democracy Works Project seminar at democracy provided weak impetus to pro-poor policy making and implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • Trekking Outward
    TREKKING OUTWARD A CHRONOLOGY OF MEETINGS BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICANS AND THE ANC IN EXILE 1983–2000 Michael Savage University of Cape Town May 2014 PREFACE In the decade preceding the dramatic February 1990 unbanning of South Africa’s black liberatory movements, many hundreds of concerned South Africans undertook to make contact with exile leaders of these organisations, travelling long distances to hold meetings in Europe or in independent African countries. Some of these “treks”, as they came to be called, were secret while others were highly publicised. The great majority of treks brought together South Africans from within South Africa and exile leaders of the African National Congress, and its close ally the South African Communist Party. Other treks involved meetings with the Pan Africanist Congress, the black consciousness movement, and the remnants of the Non-European Unity Movement in exile. This account focuses solely on the meetings involving the ANC alliance, which after February 1990 played a central role in negotiating with the white government of F.W. de Klerk and his National Party regime to bring about a new democratic order. Without the foundation of understanding established by the treks and thousands of hours of discussion and debate that they entailed, it seems unlikely that South Africa’s transition to democracy could have been as successfully negotiated as it was between 1990 and the first democratic election of April 1994. The following chronology focuses only on the meetings of internally based South Africans with the African National Congress (ANC) when in exile over the period 1983–1990. Well over 1 200 diverse South Africans drawn from a wide range of different groups in the non- governmental sector and cross-cutting political parties, language, educational, religious and community groups went on an outward mission to enter dialogue with the ANC in exile in a search to overcome the escalating conflict inside South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Matome Ratiba
    JICLT Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology Vol. 7, Issue 1 (2012) “The sleeping lion needed protection” – lessons from the Mbube ∗∗∗ (Lion King) debacle Matome Melford Ratiba Senior Lecturer, College of Law University of South Africa (UNISA) [email protected] Abstract : In 1939 a young musician from the Zulu cultural group in South Africa, penned down what came to be the most popular albeit controversial and internationally acclaimed song of the times. Popular because the song somehow found its way into international households via the renowned Disney‘s Lion King. Controversial because the popularity passage of the song was tainted with illicit and grossly unfair dealings tantamount to theft and dishonest misappropriation of traditional intellectual property, giving rise to a lawsuit that ultimately culminated in the out of court settlement of the case. The lessons to be gained by the world and emanating from this dramatics, all pointed out to the dire need for a reconsideration of measures to be urgently put in place for the safeguarding of cultural intellectual relic such as music and dance. 1. Introduction Music has been and, and continues to be, important to all people around the world. Music is part of a group's cultural identity; it reflects their past and separates them from surrounding people. Music is rooted in the culture of a society in the same ways that food, dress and language are”. Looked at from this perspective, music therefore constitute an integral part of cultural property that inarguably requires concerted and decisive efforts towards preservation and protection of same from unjust exploitation and prevalent illicit transfer of same.
    [Show full text]
  • Johannesburg 197* Inhqudsopgave Blaasy
    .DIE 0 N5 VIKKB LI » G V A N 3 IB AfBlKAAMSB DRAMA SEDER® 1 955 Bltton ibete % V>rbAndeling voorgelS aan die Fakulteit Letter# en Vyebegeerte t Univeroiteit van die Vitwaterarand (Eepartenent Afrikaans & Rederlands), ter verkryging van die graad Magister Artixuu Johannesburg 197* inhqudsopgave BlaAsy HOOESTUK It Inlaiding 1 HOOFSTUK II: Tyd en ruiate 1. InleMend 6 2. Die ouor Afrikaanae drama 12 5. "Die beataan as tyd": Bartho Sait se Christine; 14 4. Die tyd aa ruiate: Dolf van Niekerk ae Ewart voor dagbreek 2? . 5 . Kuimtelike aktiverittg van die verlede: Adam Small se Kanna hy k d . hyatoe 55 HOOFSTUK III: ’n Veranderde wSreldbeakouing 1. Inleidend 4 8 2. Die absurde: Bagaaie en Elders mooiweer en warm van Andr6 P. Brink ' 40 Eksposisie en karakter* beeldihg in die ouer Afrikaanae drama ^ 8 Andr6 P. Brink, Bagaaie 57 Elderm mooiweer en warm 77 Chris Barnard, Pa, mask vir my /n vlieBr, pa 6 ^ Bartho Smit, Putaonderwater 95 HOOFSTUK IV: Slotbeskouing 1 0 2 Voetnotaa en verwysings 1 0 8 Bibliogralie 1 1 3 HOOESTUK 1: INLEIDINS In die sestigerjare het daar in dt- Afrikaanse proaa *n vernuwing plaasgevind wat voigens literSre historic! 8008 Antonissen1^net so ingrypend on omvangryk was as die vernuwing wat daar in die dertigerjare op die gebied van die poSsie ervaar is. AndrS P. Brink het ey boek Aspekte van die nuwe prosa^^geheel en al aan hierdie vernuwing gewy en Van Vyk Louw het *n reeks liter$r~teoretiese op^telle* VoT*nuw.lne in die nrosa.^ W die kentering in ons letter- kundet veral dan die prosa, geakryf.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukzntouch a University of Kwazulu-Natal Alumni Magazine
    2015 UKZNTOUCH A UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL ALUMNI MAGAZINE GROWING OUR OWN INNOVATION & EXCELLENCE INSPIRING GREATNESS UKZNTOUCH • 2015 A UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU-NATAL ALUMNI MAGAZINE This edition of UKZNTOUCH is about a ‘new chapter’ in the University’s history. Building on the strong foundation of the past decade, the focus is on how UKZN is ‘growing its own’ through innovation and excellence. The beadwork in the cover graphic was produced by the Woza Moya Crafters – an income generation project of the Hillcrest AIDS Foundation. Executive Editor Lesiba Seshoka Managing Editor Thembekile Simelane Editorial Team Thembekile Simelane, Finn Christensen, Sharon Dell, Raylene Captain-Hasthibeer, Sithembile Shabangu, Sunayna Bhagwandin Contributors MaryAnn Francis, Sally Frost, Hazel Langa, Xoliswa Zulu, Sharon Dell, Shelagh McLoughlin, College PR Offices, CAPRISA, Central Publications Unit, UKZN NdabaOnline Archives, UKZN academics, UKZN Press Creative Direction Lightship Communications Photographs and graphic illustration Rod MacLeod, UKZN’s Archives, UKZN Corporate Relations Division, Africa Centre, and UKZN Photographers Printing Colour Planet Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in UKZNTOUCH may not reflect those of the University. B UKZNTOUCH CONTENTS NEW CHAPTER IN INNOVATION AND EXCELLENCE 2 FOREWORD: DR VAN JAARSVELD 38 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE UKZN VICE-CHANCELLOR AND PRINCIPAL INQUBATE UKZN’S LIGHTBULB MOMENT: A SOLUTION TO A GLOBAL PROBLEM 4 EDITORIAL: LESIBA SESHOKA 40 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR CENTRE FOR INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
    [Show full text]
  • Form L5: Title Registration/08
    NICO CARSTENS AS INNOVEERDER VAN SUID-AFRIKAANSE POPULÊRE MUSIEK Susanna Helena Robina Louw Voorgelê om te voldoen aan die vereistes vir die graad MAGISTER MUSICAE in die Fakulteit Geesteswetenskappe, Departement Musiek, aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat Studieleier: Prof. N.G.J. Viljoen Medestudieleier: Prof. M. Viljoen Januarie 2013 VERKLARING Ek verklaar hiermee dat die verhandeling wat hierby vir die graadMagister Musicae aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat deur myingedien word, my selfstandige werk is en nie voorheen deurmy vir ’n graad aan ’n ander universiteit/fakulteit ingedien isnie. Ek doen voorts afstand van die outeursreg op dieverhandeling ten gunste van die Universiteit van die Vrystaat. ____________________________________ i ERKENNINGS By die voltooiing van hierdie verhandeling is dit die behoefte van my hart om persone en instansies wat my op een of ander wyse met genoemde materiaal behulpsaam was, opreg te bedank: My studieleier, prof Nicol Viljoen, en mede-studieleier, prof. Martina Viljoen, vir hulle besondere kundige leiding in alle fases en fasette van hierdie navorsing. SAMRO, vir die beskikbaarstelling van navorsingmateriaal, maar veral aan dié personeel wat genoemde materiaal so goedgunstiglik behulpsaam was. SABC en hulle Argief vir klank- en beeldmateriaal. Die FAK/SAMRO/National Arts Council of South Africa, vir finansiële bystand om hierdie projek te voltooi. Ingrid Howard, wat as behulpsame tussenganger opgetree het in my kontak en ontmoetings met Nico Carstens. Corrie Geldenhuys, vir die taalkundige versorging van die teks. Nico, die inligting hierin vervat, is net ’n fraksie van alles wat ek van jou ontvang het. Geen akademiese geskrif kan in elk geval vriendelikheid, openhartigheid en gasvryheid omskryf nie.
    [Show full text]
  • EASTERN CAPE NARL 2014 (Approved by the Federal Executive)
    EASTERN CAPE NARL 2014 (Approved by the Federal Executive) Rank Name 1 Andrew (Andrew Whitfield) 2 Nosimo (Nosimo Balindlela) 3 Kevin (Kevin Mileham) 4 Terri Stander 5 Annette Steyn 6 Annette (Annette Lovemore) 7 Confidential Candidate 8 Yusuf (Yusuf Cassim) 9 Malcolm (Malcolm Figg) 10 Elza (Elizabeth van Lingen) 11 Gustav (Gustav Rautenbach) 12 Ntombenhle (Rulumeni Ntombenhle) 13 Petrus (Petrus Johannes de WET) 14 Bobby Cekisani 15 Advocate Tlali ( Phoka Tlali) EASTERN CAPE PLEG 2014 (Approved by the Federal Executive) Rank Name 1 Athol (Roland Trollip) 2 Vesh (Veliswa Mvenya) 3 Bobby (Robert Stevenson) 4 Edmund (Peter Edmund Van Vuuren) 5 Vicky (Vicky Knoetze) 6 Ross (Ross Purdon) 7 Lionel (Lionel Lindoor) 8 Kobus (Jacobus Petrus Johhanes Botha) 9 Celeste (Celeste Barker) 10 Dorah (Dorah Nokonwaba Matikinca) 11 Karen (Karen Smith) 12 Dacre (Dacre Haddon) 13 John (John Cupido) 14 Goniwe (Thabisa Goniwe Mafanya) 15 Rene (Rene Oosthuizen) 16 Marshall (Marshall Von Buchenroder) 17 Renaldo (Renaldo Gouws) 18 Bev (Beverley-Anne Wood) 19 Danny (Daniel Benson) 20 Zuko (Prince-Phillip Zuko Mandile) 21 Penny (Penelope Phillipa Naidoo) FREE STATE NARL 2014 (as approved by the Federal Executive) Rank Name 1 Patricia (Semakaleng Patricia Kopane) 2 Annelie Lotriet 3 Werner (Werner Horn) 4 David (David Christie Ross) 5 Nomsa (Nomsa Innocencia Tarabella Marchesi) 6 George (George Michalakis) 7 Thobeka (Veronica Ndlebe-September) 8 Darryl (Darryl Worth) 9 Hardie (Benhardus Jacobus Viviers) 10 Sandra (Sandra Botha) 11 CJ (Christian Steyl) 12 Johan (Johannes
    [Show full text]
  • African National Congress NATIONAL to NATIONAL LIST 1. ZUMA Jacob
    African National Congress NATIONAL TO NATIONAL LIST 1. ZUMA Jacob Gedleyihlekisa 2. MOTLANTHE Kgalema Petrus 3. MBETE Baleka 4. MANUEL Trevor Andrew 5. MANDELA Nomzamo Winfred 6. DLAMINI-ZUMA Nkosazana 7. RADEBE Jeffery Thamsanqa 8. SISULU Lindiwe Noceba 9. NZIMANDE Bonginkosi Emmanuel 10. PANDOR Grace Naledi Mandisa 11. MBALULA Fikile April 12. NQAKULA Nosiviwe Noluthando 13. SKWEYIYA Zola Sidney Themba 14. ROUTLEDGE Nozizwe Charlotte 15. MTHETHWA Nkosinathi 16. DLAMINI Bathabile Olive 17. JORDAN Zweledinga Pallo 18. MOTSHEKGA Matsie Angelina 19. GIGABA Knowledge Malusi Nkanyezi 20. HOGAN Barbara Anne 21. SHICEKA Sicelo 22. MFEKETO Nomaindiya Cathleen 23. MAKHENKESI Makhenkesi Arnold 24. TSHABALALA- MSIMANG Mantombazana Edmie 25. RAMATHLODI Ngoako Abel 26. MABUDAFHASI Thizwilondi Rejoyce 27. GODOGWANA Enoch 28. HENDRICKS Lindiwe 29. CHARLES Nqakula 30. SHABANGU Susan 31. SEXWALE Tokyo Mosima Gabriel 32. XINGWANA Lulama Marytheresa 33. NYANDA Siphiwe 34. SONJICA Buyelwa Patience 35. NDEBELE Joel Sibusiso 36. YENGENI Lumka Elizabeth 37. CRONIN Jeremy Patrick 38. NKOANA- MASHABANE Maite Emily 39. SISULU Max Vuyisile 40. VAN DER MERWE Susan Comber 41. HOLOMISA Sango Patekile 42. PETERS Elizabeth Dipuo 43. MOTSHEKGA Mathole Serofo 44. ZULU Lindiwe Daphne 45. CHABANE Ohm Collins 46. SIBIYA Noluthando Agatha 47. HANEKOM Derek Andre` 48. BOGOPANE-ZULU Hendrietta Ipeleng 49. MPAHLWA Mandisi Bongani Mabuto 50. TOBIAS Thandi Vivian 51. MOTSOALEDI Pakishe Aaron 52. MOLEWA Bomo Edana Edith 53. PHAAHLA Matume Joseph 54. PULE Dina Deliwe 55. MDLADLANA Membathisi Mphumzi Shepherd 56. DLULANE Beauty Nomvuzo 57. MANAMELA Kgwaridi Buti 58. MOLOI-MOROPA Joyce Clementine 59. EBRAHIM Ebrahim Ismail 60. MAHLANGU-NKABINDE Gwendoline Lindiwe 61. NJIKELANA Sisa James 62. HAJAIJ Fatima 63.
    [Show full text]
  • Sounding the Cape, Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa Denis-Constant Martin
    Sounding the Cape, Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa Denis-Constant Martin To cite this version: Denis-Constant Martin. Sounding the Cape, Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa. African Minds, Somerset West, pp.472, 2013, 9781920489823. halshs-00875502 HAL Id: halshs-00875502 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00875502 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Sounding the Cape Music, Identity and Politics in South Africa Denis-Constant Martin AFRICAN MINDS Published by African Minds 4 Eccleston Place, Somerset West, 7130, South Africa [email protected] www.africanminds.co.za 2013 African Minds ISBN: 978-1-920489-82-3 The text publication is available as a PDF on www.africanminds.co.za and other websites under a Creative Commons licence that allows copying and distributing the publication, as long as it is attributed to African Minds and used for noncommercial, educational or public policy purposes. The illustrations are subject to copyright as indicated below. Photograph page iv © Denis-Constant
    [Show full text]
  • To the Baum Bugle Supplement for Volumes 46-49 (2002-2005)
    Index to the Baum Bugle Supplement for Volumes 46-49 (2002-2005) Adams, Ryan Author "Return to The Marvelous Land of Oz Producer In Search of Dorothy (review): One Hundred Years Later": "Answering Bell" (Music Video): 2005:49:1:32-33 2004:48:3:26-36 2002:46:1:3 Apocrypha Baum, Dr. Henry "Harry" Clay (brother Adventures in Oz (2006) (see Oz apocrypha): 2003:47:1:8-21 of LFB) Collection of Shanower's five graphic Apollo Victoria Theater Photograph: 2002:46:1:6 Oz novels.: 2005:49:2:5 Production of Wicked (September Baum, Lyman Frank Albanian Editions of Oz Books (see 2006): 2005:49:3:4 Astrological chart: 2002:46:2:15 Foreign Editions of Oz Books) "Are You a Good Ruler or a Bad Author Albright, Jane Ruler?": 2004:48:1:24-28 Aunt Jane's Nieces (IWOC Edition "Three Faces of Oz: Interviews" Arlen, Harold 2003) (review): 2003:47:3:27-30 (Robert Sabuda, "Prince of Pop- National Public Radio centennial Carodej Ze Zeme Oz (The ups"): 2002:46:1:18-24 program. Wonderful Wizard of Oz - Czech) Tribute to Fred M. Meyer: "Come Rain or Come Shine" (review): 2005:49:2:32-33 2004:48:3:16 Musical Celebration of Harold Carodejna Zeme Oz (The All Things Oz: 2002:46:2:4 Arlen: 2005:49:1:5 Marvelous Land of Oz - Czech) All Things Oz: The Wonder, Wit, and Arne Nixon Center for Study of (review): 2005:49:2:32-33 Wisdom of The Wizard of Oz Children's Literature (Fresno, CA): Charobnak Iz Oza (The Wizard of (review): 2004:48:1:29-30 2002:46:3:3 Oz - Serbian) (review): Allen, Zachary Ashanti 2005:49:2:33 Convention Report: Chesterton Actress The Complete Life and
    [Show full text]
  • MEMORY of the WORLD REGISTER the Wizard of Oz
    MEMORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER The Wizard of Oz (Victor Fleming 1939), produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer REF N° 2006-10 PART A – ESSENTIAL INFORMATION 1 SUMMARY In 1939, as the world fell into the chaos of war, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer released a film that espoused kindness, charity, friendship, courage, fortitude, love and generosity. It was dedicated to the “young, and the young in heart” and today it remains one of the most beloved works of cinema, embraced by audiences of all ages throughout the world. It is one of the most widely seen and influential films in all of cinema history. The Wizard of Oz (1939) has become a true cinema classic, one that resonates with hope and love every time Dorothy Gale (the inimitable Judy Garland in her signature screen performance) wistfully sings “Over the Rainbow” as she yearns for a place where “troubles melt like lemon drops” and the sky is always blue. George Eastman House takes pride in nominating The Wizard of Oz for inclusion in the Memory of the World Register because as custodian of the original Technicolor 3-strip nitrate negatives and the black and white sequences preservation negatives and soundtrack, the Museum has conserved these precious artefacts, thus ensuring the survival of this film for future generations. Working in partnership with the current legal owner, Warner Bros., the Museum has made it possible for this beloved film classic to continue to enchant and delight audiences. The original YCM negatives have been conserved at the Museum since 1975, and Warner Bros. recently completed our holdings of the film by assigning the best surviving preservation elements of the opening and closing black and white sequences and the soundtrack to our care.
    [Show full text]
  • DOCUMENT RESUME Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 423 566 CS 509 910 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (81st, Baltimore, Maryland, August 5-8, 1998). International--Part II INSTITUTION Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. PUB DATE 1998-08-00 NOTE 611p.; For other sections of these Proceedings, see CS 509 905-922. PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE MF03/PC25 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Civil Liberties; Democracy; Economic Factors; *Foreign Countries; Government Role; Higher Education; *International Communication; *Journalism Education; Language Skills; Marxian Analysis; *Mass Media Use; Media Research; *News Reporting; Newspapers; Public Opinion; Radio; Telecommunications; Television IDENTIFIERS *Media Coverage ABSTRACT The International--Part II section of the Proceedings contains the following 20 papers: "An Economic Imperative: Privatization as Reflected in Business Reporting in the Middle East. Egypt as a Case Study" (Leonard Ray Teel, Hussein Amin, Shirley Biagi, and Carolyn Crimmins); "Broadcasting in South Africa: The Politics of Educational Radio" (Paul R. van der Veur); "Why Beijingers Read Newspapers?" (Tao Sun, Xinshu Zhao, and Guoming Yu); "News about Korea and Japan in American Network Television Evening News: A Content Analysis of Coverage in 1996" (Jowon Park); "Political Parties and Changes in Taiwanese Electronic Media in the 1990s" (Wei-Kuo Lin); "State Control on Television News in Post-War Lebanon" (Marwan
    [Show full text]