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THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND is publisloed montlolj lo} tbe National Council for Animals’ Welfare at Feat/Jerstone 'Buildings, Higli Holborn, London, W. C. I , and all communication: regarding fl): magazine sbould be addressed to tbe Editor Editor: ROBERT H. SPURRIER.

Vol. XLIV August, 1938 No. 10

C O N T E N T S.

Page Page CONFERENCE REPORT. T/oe Editor 528 THROUGH THE EYES OF A DOG-LOVER MARTIN OF GALWAY. Basil Harogr— F7477”! T- WW”- - - 543 james . . . . . 529 ANIMAL WELFARE \Y/EEK : REPORTS (con- “ FULMAR FLYING FREE ” 330 cluded.) . 344 BIRDS IN EGYPT. Teresa Hooley 351 NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ABOLITION OF ANIMALS IN MANCHESTER. E. G. Barlow 352 ‘CRUEL SPORTS 346 HEDGEHOGS NEAR THE SEA, W’g'm‘flgd SCOTTISH SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION OF Gra/mm W’i/son . ‘ . , 555 VIVISECTION . . 547 ON WITH THE CIRCUS! Qint/oia Massty— ANIMAL WELFARE SOCIETY OF SOUTH ' Coo/ée . . . . 355 AFRICA . 548 FROM ONLOOKER’S NOTE BOOK. Ole/00kg)" 536 LEAGUE FOR PROHIBITION 0F CRUEL GWENOL SATOW. Basil Harney—fames 558 SPORTS ~ - 349 AN AUGUST DAY. Hudson Read . 339 PIT PONIES’ PROTECTIONSOCIETY . 550 THE LIBRARY TABLE 540 HUMANE' EDUCATION SOCIETY 55 I THE CLEVER COYOTE 542 CORRESPONDENCE 352

I.C.W.———Important Decision. blindly into their boxes, overworked, with backs sore and mouths chafed As we go to press we are informed by Captain C. W. by inexperienced hands will be protected by the Bill tO Hume that the following resolution proposed by the be introduced in the House of National Council Of Women Commons on Monday by Captain F. Heilgers. Thousands of the Netherlands more at the Conference of the International peOple are riding today than in the early days of Council Of the Women, which has just finished its meeting motor—car. Riding schools have been overwhelmed in Edin- by the demand burgh, was passed after a good fight in which much for hacks. And it is the horses that have suffered. credit is due to Mrs. Massingham of the We shall hope to refer to this Bill again R.S.P.C.A., (to which we and Miss Challen of the University of London wish good luck) in a subsequent issue of Animal THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND. Welfare Society. The resolution reads: A That the I.C.W. shall include the question of the The Animal Pictorial. protection of animals and their legal status in the The second programme Of work Of the Committees with issue of this new magazine—«the July which it may be concerned. issue—is an admirable production in every way, and shows a considerable advance in interest and production This is a notable decision. . on the first issue which was commended in these pages in our last issue. The illustrations in particular are International League for the PrOtection of beautifully produced, and there are many more Of Horses. them, covering a much wider range of interest. Among the contributors are Col. Badcock, As we L. F. Easterbrook, go to presswe have received from Sir George H. W. Longden, Harper Cory, Ray Cockerill, Palmer, J. F. Morton, the Director of the above League, a copy ofthe Lady Kitty Ritson and W. J. Oliver. The Bill “ to provide problem of for the registration andinSpection of Vivisection is discussed by Major A. N. M. riding establishments, Swanston and for other purposes connected and Captain Guy Coleridge, R.N., Director therewith,” presented of the by Captain Heilgers and ordered, National Anti-Vivisection Society. Jim Duckworth, by the House of Commons, to be printed, 28th June, the Coster “ King,” 1938. writes on “ All I know about Writing of this Bill the Daily Sketcl) reporter on Donkeys,” and there is an the 15th article on The Ada Cole inst. pointed out that : “ Horses stumbling Memorial Stables at South Mimms. 326 August, I938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

may obtain copies of the leaflet by applying with a Notes and Comments stamped addressed envelope to Miss Hibbert—\Ware, Hilary, Girton, Cambridge. A Show—case in the “ Patient Won’t Leave Nurse.” gallery of the South Kensington Natural History in order to exhibit above title the News Clironicle published Museum has also been prepared, Under the the conclusions on the 19th inst. a charming illustration of a sparrow samples of the food remains on which perched on the steering of the Inquiry were based. car, wheel of a motor Hawksley Society. which is being driven by an attractive young In his July notes “ Onlooker ” quoted from Tbe The caption Animal Lore of Shakespeare’s Time by Emma Phipson. lady. from Mr. reads: “ Picked up The reference produced the following letter weeks ago in Leonard Hawksley, whose work for the Protec- three well known to Ilford, nursed to tion of Animals and Birds in Italy is Health in the People’s our readers :— for Sick I am much interested to see in THE ANIMALS’ Dispensary Lore in Animals sanatorium, FRIEND your quotations from “ Animal by my late a young sparrow re- Shakespeare’s Time,” wliicli was written his aunt, Emma Pliz'pson, in 1883. fuses to leave one or two Here is the I [rope you will see your way to making nurse. of which I bird going for a ride extracts from her nephew’s report for 1957 with his attend— enclose a copy. . ant,,, A short notice of this report will be found on page, 354 of this issue. . Children are Imitators. Winged Messenger.” The following is extracted from T/ye Dogs’ Bulletin, “ The issued by the National Canine Defence League under We have received the July—September issue of this- the editorship of Mr. C. R. Johns. ’ magazine issued by the R.S.P.C.A. Caged Bird Poster “ In an outlying district of a country town in Surrey a Fund of which Miss M. Bradish is the well-known: favourite pastime of the children is to try to make, the Hon. Secretary. This issue contains the radio talk. local cats perform like circus animals. An observant given by Mrs. Lindsay—Blee in the Children’s Hour on: resident tells us that the children go to a circus which May 9th last, and news about the “ Flying School” visits the place once a year and are filled with a desire to and of the treatment of birds at home and abroad. emulate animal trainers. Cats being the only available substitutes for lions and tigers, they torment every The Searing of Lamb’s tails. local cat and makes their lives a misery. This phe— We have been asked by Alderman Alfred Rose, of nomenon is particularly rampant just after the visit of Aylesbury, to call attention to a motion standing in the circus. Some of the local teachers try to persuade his name which was agreed to at a meeting of the the children not to visit the circus, but the parents Bucks County Committee of the R.S.P.C.A. The frequently assume a combative attitude so that the motion is as follows: schools have to be closed on the afternoon of the That this committee urge the government to performance. In this particular town a vast amount pass legislation to prevent the torture, which is of educational work is done in schools by local animal still administered on many farms, of searing lambs’ lovers, but apparently the desire to show mastery over tails after cutting with a hot iron and ask that this the animals is difficult to eradicate.” shall be made illegal, and that tails shall not be cut ofl after the lambs are one week old, in which The Little Owl. case searing would be unnecessary to prevent We have received from Miss Alice Hibbert-Ware a over—bleeding. print of an excellent leaflet prepared by her to show the Alderman Rose remarks that it was thought by some results of the inquiry into the food habits of the that legislation should be asked for to prohibit cutting Little Owl which she undertook in 1956-1937 under the altogether, but that this would meet with such strong- auSpices of the British Trust for Ornithology. In this opposition that it would never become law, whereas if leaflet the writer aims at answering by means of the cutting within a week of birth and no searing is pressed direct result of recent research the main accusations that for “ this should become effectual and reduce cruelty have been made against the Little Owl. The direct to a minimum.” Tails, continues our correspondent, result of the Inquiry, based on food material sent from are to brush away the fly that blows maggots, but just 37 counties and 87 localities—an Inquiry perhaps more because this practice is traditional and farmers do not- searching than any inquiry previously held into the food think for themselves, the cruel practice is continued. habits of a species—is that the Little Owl has a fixed We wish Alderman Rose all success and hope that our regular diet, and that this diet consists of invertebrates readers will do all to help to banish this cruel practice and rodents—the invertebrates including earwigs, from our midst. daddy longlegs, cockchafters, dor beetles and carabids, click beetles, and various weevils; and the rodents, “ The Goldwyn Follies.” voles, young rats, mice and small rabbits. On the The Secretary of the National Council for Animals’ point as to whether the Little Owl is a serious menace Welfare has been informed by the solicitors of United to game and poultry chicks—to such a degree as to Artists Ltd, that they are proposing to sue the Council cancel its undoubted usefulness in destrOying rodent in respect of the article entitled “ The Goldwyn and insect pests—the answer, judging from the records Follies of 1938 ” which appeared in THE ANIMALS’ of two seasons, is an emphatic no. Those who would FRIEND of December, 1937, last. It should be an. like to know more about the matter and the evidence instructive and interesting suit. 327

A2 THE ANIMALS” FRIEND August, 1936’

Conference Report

BY THE EDITOR.

N informal con— that the extent to which joint consideration of Aference of repre- matters of moment was desirable and prac— sentatives of a ticable depended largely upon the measure of number of animal pro- goodwill, good faith and desire for better section and welfare understanding that existed between the various societies, convened by societies, and the degree to which the general the National Council interest of animals could he put before the for Animals’ \Velfare, interests of the respective societies. Without was held in the Court a fairly generous measure of these essential Room, Caxton Hall, on factors to effective co—operative effort, it was July Ist. agreed that little progress was likely to be \\/I/ The Conference was made. called to con— The general result of the discussion was to sider :— disclose a widespread and genuine desire for (a) To what extent joint consideration of matters better understanding and several practical of moment (legislation, overlapping in various proposals, including one for the establishment directions, etc.), is desirable and practicable, of a central clearing house for the pooling of with a view to unified effort, and what steps can information, the notification of proposed wisely be taken to secure such measure of co- operative consideration and unified action as may be activities or extension of activities, projected deemed advisable by the Conference; legislation and publications, and another for and quarterly or half—yearly meetings between of the staffs of societies inter— (b) To receive and consider the report and data representatives on Small Animal Euthanasia the preparation of ested were made, and are under consideration. which had been undertaken by the Royal Society A joint committee was also appointed to for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and in consider matters relating to and arising out ”(i-WA_ of other interested societies which the co—operation Euthanasia of Animals pre— had been invited. of the report on sented to the Conference by Captain MacCunn. Invitations to be present were extended to and accepted by, officials and members of the Representatives of the Staffs of the following staffs of some 20 societies, and representatives societies accepted invitations to the Confer— of 17 societies numbering 35 in all were ence. The societies are arranged in alphabetical present. order 2—— - . The ground for the Conference had been Animals’ Help Society. Battersea Dogs’ Home. prepared, as the Chairman, Mr. R. H. Spurrier, British Union for Abolition of Vivisection. explained, by the two informal luncheons Caged Bird Poster Fund, R.S.P.C.A. given by Capt. MacCunn (the first to promote Cats’ Protection League. the idea of a closer liaison betWeen the respec- Hampstead Society for Protection of Animals. tive societies and the second to consider the International League for the Protection of Horses. V— question of small animal euthanasia); by a League for Prohibition of Cruel Sports. Anti—Vaccination League. conference of representatives of societies National National Anti—Vivisection Society. in the question of Vivi— specially concerned National Canine Defence League. section convened by the National Anti— National Council for Animals’ Welfare. Vivisection Society and by several limited National Society for Abolition of Cruel Sports. co—operative efforts in which Our Dumb Our Dumb Friends’ League. Friends’ League, the National Society for the Pit Ponies Protection Society. Abolition of Cruel Sports and the National ROyal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Council for Animals’ Welfare had combined. United Humanitarian League. University of London Animal Welfare Society. It was generally agreed at the Conference World League against Vivisection.

328 August, I938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

behalf of animals, and the Bill paSsed through Galway Martin of the Lords. the earnest support of Sir Samuel (1754-1834) In spite of Romilly (and, of course, Martin) the Bill was BY BASIL HARVEY—JAMES. thrown out by the Commons. In 1812 Martin lost his seat, and did not return to Parliament T has been my endeavour to spread my until 1818. During these siX years a Stage I canvas over all races and times in portray- Coaches Bill, designed mainly to prevent ing the lives, work and writings of the accidents, but which, if passed, would have Champions of animals’ rights and the pioneers saved horses some cruelty, was introduced. of their welfare and of our kinship with them. The Commons again rejected yet another I have had my natural limits as an individual humane measure. than writers of prose, ——knowing poets better It seemed after eighteen years that the than active workers and literary men better humanitarians in Parliament had achieved Perhaps I shall make who were not writers. nothing. But perhaps more was red/bl, done treating of Richard Martin, some redress in in those years than in any subsequent years. measure in any who brought in the first Patience in adversity is the veritable seed of by legislation. country to protect animals success, and to be thwarted is a necessary Martin’s is a name fit to stand with those of corollary of the growth of progress. And if Samuel Romilly, Josephine Butler, Granville we get downhearted now, let us ponder on Sharp and Lord Shaftesbury as one who those eighteen years. first brought notice to a specific social evil, At the end of them, Richard Martin returned and gave his life to combating it. to the Commons, as Mr. Pain describes him know more of Richard Those who wish to “ an optimist, a born fighter, and a man of than read his bio— Martin cannot do better extraordinary energy.” Four years later (1822), It is noteworthy graphy by Wellesley Pain. his Bill became Law. That is as Kipling Irishman, and having given that he was an said “ another story,” and with “ Martin’s English and sundry sketches of distinguished Act ” and his further efforts in and out of with real pleasure that Scottish zoophilists, it is the House on behalf of the animals it is not my of our islands, whether I turn to that third part province here to deal. it goes by the name of “ Eire,” “ Free State ” It has rather been my intention to fill in the or just Ireland. background a little, which will give an object- Richard Martin was elected Member for lesson to all workers for animal welfare. Galway in I8oo—the first Parliament after Wherever there is work to be done on behalf the Union of Great Britain and Ireland. In that of animals, let us not forget the early struggles year Sir W’illiam Pulteney introduced a Bill to of Pulteney, Erskine and Martin of Galway. prohibit bull—baiting, which was supported Martin who is especially by Sheridan, Wilberforce and a very few And it is Richard of Animals’ others, but never got to its second reading. and more particularly the ancestor \Velfare \Week, and of all that this paper is and Pulteney, with the support of Sheridan, for which it stands. Martin and \Wilberforce, tried again in 1802. Two of the Bill’s most formidable opponents were William \Windham, secretary for War, and Canning, who however after— wards modified his views. This second Bill was likewise rejected by the Com— mons. The next step came from the House of Lords. In 1809, Lord Erskine, Lord Chancellor, introduced a Bill there for “ Preventing \Wanton and Malicious _ Cruelty to Animals,” which would have given legal protection to “any horse, mare, mule, ass, ox, cow, sheep, or swine.” At its second reading Lord ”EVAN JAMES Erskine made his famous speech on

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THE ANIMALS' FRIEND August, 1936’

it to skim up and down the waves, even in a storm, with only enough motion of the wings to keep the webbed—feet from sinking under the surface. All petrels proper have strong hooked bills; the general appearance is gull like; the wings long and the flight powerful. The illustra— tions on this page are of the Fulmar Petrel. The fulmar is about the size of a duck and has the general colouring of the common gull. It is well known to our sailors as the “ Molly Mawk,” which, with a beautiful glid- Photo by] Sktnznzz'ng the Surface. [Richard Perry ing flight, follows whalers and other vessels after they get north of Shetland. It visits land only to deposit its single white “ Fulmar Flying Free ” egg. This is laid on a rocky ledge on which a shallow nest is made in the turf and lined “ Thou’rt free ! Thou’rt free l” with a little dried grass. HE Fulmar is a Petrel. Petrel is the The common storm petrel, which to the eye general name of a group of sea-birds to has the look of a swift or swallow, is the bird which the albatrosses, shearwaters and known to sailors as “ Mother Carey’s chicken.” petrels proper belong. The name—a diminu- This bird is usually widely believed to be the tive of Peter—~is derived from the habit which harbinger of bad weather. It is the bird some petrels have of walking apparently on described by Theodore \Watts Dunton :— the surface of the water as St. Peter is recorded That walked the hz'llon/s, while thy “ sweet— to have done, the lightness of its body enabling sn/eet—snteet ” Proelaz'rned the tempest nigh.

Who neoer save in stress of angrz'est hlast, Asked ship for shelter—never all at last The foam—flakes hurled against the sloping mast Slashed thee like whirling glaz'oes.

Hts horne I know : ’tz's where the winds are strong— Where, on a throne of hillon/s, rolling hoary And green and hlue and splashed with sunny glory, Far, far from shore— r0771 VWWW farthest promontory—— Prophetz'e Nature hares the secret of the story Photo by] Fulmar in Flight. [Richard Perry That holds the spheres in sonv. W,. 330 August, I938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

wildness of the Nile ducks. The ducks’ Birds in Egypt ways were not their ways. They did not fly in arrow—headed squadrons, with a great BY TERESA HOOLEY. shout of wings and with a sentry in the van to THE heron, grey as evening mist, alighted point out danger. They knew, as the ducks smoothly as water in the afternoon sun- knew, that if you were flying south and the light on the mud—fringe of a pond. “ I’ll wind was behind you you were obliged to turn wanted just look in at the kingfisher’s before I go round and land into wind—unless you with the ducks home,” he thought. But another moment to capsize. They shared, too, proved to him that the kingfisher was out. the joy of speed in flight. But they were no desire to He saw a vivid flash of turquoise and copper content to be terns. They had more fly across the pond, closely followed by a be duck, or Nile geese, or flamingo ;_ any had similar flash. than the black and white Nile kingfisher any envy of the rainbow bird of gold and “Courting, is it?” he said to himself. azure that was his rich relation. “ Two’s company, then. I’m off.” The bee—eater—a glory of emerald wings “ Tinkle, tinkle,” twittered the pied wagtail, undershot with bronze, and with a long and jumping up into the air, and looping the loop slender rudder to his tail for steering—was as he caught a fly. “ Flit, flit ; tinkle, tinkle.” far too busy getting his living to worry about that’s that,” came “ That’s that, that’s that, the aflairs of anyone else; and so was the bird out of the the husky voice of a little grey swallow. Only the little brown owl on the he was a stonechat sugar-cane, pretending that stones of the river bank sat looking out in Somerset. Plover, among the gorse bushes of wise meditation, probably compiling statistics with a cry “like black and white, flew over as to the number of frogs in flood time; or sorrow”; but the the sound of wandering wondering why he was an owl, and why it like a Notts hoopoe, gold—crowned, plumaged could not be night all day. He looked up as up from his County footballer, never looked the heron flew home. ground foraging. He took no notice even when “ Saida,” he hooted, in good-night greeting. the egrets—those splendid agriculturists—flew answered the heron. from home together, white as the first English “ Lail tak said,” politely snowdrops, their little legs folded tidily and horizontally behind them as they flew. The shrill twitter of the kites, as they circled like “ The Animals’ Friend ” at “ The Playhouse.” interested to hear that at the overhead,was of too common Our readers will be black specks high Playhouse on June 16th Miss Teresa Hooley appeared occurrence to provoke interest. But the snipe, with Miss Nancy Price and read her poem printed in had he cared to look in that direction, was well Onlooker’s Note Book in our June issue. worth his attention. The mini— mum of. tail, the jerky little steps of long legs, the never—ceasing dig of the grotesque length of. beak into the luscious mud! And what mud! Ideally cool and comforting wherein to rest and sit deep when one had caught and eaten one’s fill. To—day only one snipe was visible, though the dippers, busy all about him, knew that on an afternoon last week there had been twenty or more. The clippers paddled and strutted, not caring who watched them; the terns were equally bold. They did not try to understand the shyness of the snipe, nor the mysterious Tern—taken in Holland. 331

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Animals in Manchester

By P. G. BARLow.

1938 sees the centenary of Manchester, a quarrel originated over the respective qualities huge, dismal, dirty, depressing industrial of two dogs. town—far removed from any natural 1785. The magistrates authorise the con— state. For the readers of THE ANIMALS’ stables to prevent cock-fighting and the FRIEND who know the industrial north, thrawing of cocks during Shrove Tide. these brief notes bearing on animals in February 15th. Manchester’s past will be of interest. 1786. A main of cocks was fought at 1 5 24. Animals sold at the following prices : the Royal Exchange between the gentlemen a horse £2 43; an ox £1 15; a cow 15s. 6d; of Lancashire and Cheshire for g 5 a battle a sheep or a hog 5s; a calf 4s. 1d; a cock 3d; and £200 the main. It lasted 5 days. and a hen 2d. 1797. Mr. Cross’s collection of wild ani— mals “ the largest collection of wild 1572. Officers appointed to see that the animals extant ” swine in the streets be sent to Collyhurst. visited Manchester and Salford. They had a depot there for all pigs that were at 1803. A firm of carriers owned over 400 large, and also for the keeping of pigs. horses. 1807. The payment of cock money abol— 1578. The churchwardens of Manchester ished by the feoflees of the Free Grammar demanded £9 from the inhabitants “ for School. destroying crowes.” 1819. The Manchester Racecourse “very 1579. An assembly of Ecclesiastical Com— much improved.” missioners, held at Manchester, “issued 1821. Celebration of the coronation of a mandate against pipers and minstrels making George IV. “ In the afternoon the following and frequenting bear—baiting and bull—baiting article; were given away, viz., 25 oxen, on the Sabbath days, or upon other days.” 60 sheep, 29,000 pounds of bread, and 400 W‘W 1664—1711. The MS. book of the Man— barrels strong ale.” chester Churchwarden’s Accounts covering 1821. A colony of rooks established them— these years mentions payment for the destruc— selves in a small garden at the top of King tion of “ vermin.” The law of 1566 was in Street. force, a law which made obligatory the 1824. The Mersey and Irwell Navigation destruction of rooks, hawks, polecats, badgers, Go, presented to the Manchester Museum foxs, moles, rats, otters, hedgehogs, and the head of “ Old Billy,” a horse which had many other unfortunate animals. IS. each been in their service 62 years. was paid for a badger’s or a fox’s head, 2d. for 1854. The Theatre Royal opened with a hedgehog, %d. for a mole, and Id. for a rook circus performances. or a )ay. - 1 8 37. Zoological Gardens, Higher Brough— 1750. Kersal Moor races established. Dr. ton, opened. John Byron, in a pamphlet which he published, 1845. Mr. Van Amburgh’s stud of trained strongly censured them. animals sold by auction. 1850. 1741. John Wyatt constructed a spinning The number of horses in Manchester engine with rollers “ turned by two or more and Salford is given as : 1,300 private carriage asses. ” horses, 387 omnibus horses, 974 riding horses, 2,108 draught horses, 408 hackney coach 1754. A horse—drawn “ flying coach ” left horses, making a total of 4,769 horses. Manchester and arrived in London in 4% days 1851. A fox was caught in a lane adjoining “ barring accidents.” Six years later the Peel Park, Salford, having been hunted by journey was made in 5 days “if God permit.” men and dogs out of the park. England still remained the “ horse’s hell ” 18 5 2. A vegetarian banquet held in Salford as a German writer had described it in 1599. Town Hall, July 22nd. 178 3. Two gentlemen fought a duel with 1 871. _An English viper, 2 feet 2 inches long swords in a tavern and one was killed. The found in a coal cellar in the Hulme.

332 A ugml, I938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

known of several hedgehogs visiting gardens Hedgehogs near. the Sea there. One made its headquarters for a time in the grounds of the Rhos Boys’ School, BY WINIFRED GRAHAM \X’ILSON. . not more than four hundred yards from the sea. HERE must, I think, be a large number Another hedgehog was found this summer of hedgehogs in this district. They have actually inside the dining room of a house been seen in all sorts of unexpected which stands very near the sea. There is a places by the children I have in my Biology small garden separating it from the Marine class at a school in Colwyn Bay. Modern Drive, then a low stone wall, after which conditions must be urbanising the hedgehogs comes the shingle. Sometimes at very high in the area, for they seem not to mind roads tides the sea actually washes over the wall and houses at all. into the garden. The main North Wales road passes through Quite how this hedgehog came to be there Colwyn Bay in a direction roughly parallel is a puzzle. The room has a french window, to the sea. Buses, tramcars, transport wagons so perhaps it got in while the window was as well as private motor cars make it a terribly open, then hid under a couch or big chair, noisy and busy thoroughfare. Running off only to come out later to be found close by from this road at right angles are several. the locked and bolted window. shorter .roads leading up to fields and wood- When I first came to this district I lived lands. For Colwyn Bay is backed by a ridge of west of Rhos—on—Sea at Penrhyn Bay, not far some two or three hundred feet in height on from the Little Orme. Though the Orme is which grow lovely woods. From these limestone the low cliffs are clay, and there is a woodlands the hedgehogs seem to pass wide strip of clay between the Bay and the downwards to the more thickly populated hills which flank and back this little district. parts. In the garden we used to keep a wide circular One, for instance, made a habit of visiting glass dish of water at the edge of the lawn. a garden in one of these side roads every In the day birds drank from it and bathed in it ; evening. It was fed one night on bread and wasps also frequently drank there, resting on milk. The bread and milk became a habit and the rim and dipping their tongues down into the hedgehog came each night for several the water. weeks. Then it ceased coming, only to A brown rat used to come and drink there reappear some weeks later, with its family as in the evenings, until the nearby hen farmer well. Yet the particular garden which the hedge— hog visited was not more than a hundred yards or so from the main road. Neither the children nor I have ever seen a hedge- hog cross that terribly busy main road, nor have we ever seen a hedgehog lying dead as the result of a motor accident, as one so often does on more rural motor roads. But somehow or other a hedgehog has crossed that road, for one visits another garden every- evening; and that garden lies between the main road and the sea. Going westwards from We Bay, Rhos-on- Colwyn, Photo by] [Eric ]. Hoskmg, F.R.P.5. Sea is reached. I have Hedge/Jog. , 333

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THE ’ANIMALS’ FRIEND A1131151, 1936’

caught it in a trap. One evening at dusk a hedgehog came and drank from the dish. The Cat and the Rabbit It came again for many evenings, then suddenly its visits ceased. We watched and found it LONG a country lane walked Mrs. always went away in the same direction: ABradbury, of Little Denham. . . She slantwise into a field which bordered on the heard a squeal, and saw a baby rabbit sea. There were blackberry bushes there in lying injured on the grass. There was a thick tangles, gorsebushes and blackthorn as wound on its shoulder, a jagged, ugly tear well,'so that there would be plenty of cover. from the teeth of a stoat. Mrs. Bradbury Arthur R. Thomson in his book Nature by stooped down, picked up baby bunny, Nigbi‘ implies that there are large numbers of nursed it in her arms back to her home. hedgehogs in North W’ales. This one gathers Green eyes, long whiskers, sharp claws were from the fact that he actually saw as many waiting on the mat—Micky, nine—months—old as a hundred and fifty hedgehogs strung up Tom cat. He saw the helpless bunny in his on a game keeper’s wire in that district. mistress’s arms. His tail twitched. Mrs. Certain it is that there are many in this par- Bradbury . . . laid the injured baby at Micky’s ticular area. Migrating from the rural to the feet. With a purr the cat crept forward, more populated parts means passing from the opened his mouth—~and began to lick and upper limestone areas down to the flatter cleanse the wound. The patient, no sign of Clay districts near the sea. \Whether they have fear in its soft brown eyes, remained still. as yet ever reached the actual shingle I have not Cared for by Micky the baby rabbit soon been able to discover. Climbing down the recovered. Mrs. Bradbury decided to keep it. low—clad green covered cliffs at Penrhyn She built a hutch at the bottom of the garden, Bay would be easy if ever they reached so far. popped the bunny inside. Before she could Someone here made a pet of a hedgehog: shut the door Master Micky was inside too. not a captive pet, but one that came and went He wasn’t going to be parted from his at will. But it knew its home and its owners patient. That’s the story of two natural and knew too where to find the provision enemies, a cat and a rabbit. that was always made for it when the time for hibernation came round once more.

ANIMALS HAVE NO NATIONALITY. I] THIS is the dictum printed on the cover of the report of the Hawksley Society for the Protection of Animals and Birds in Italy, which has now become incorporated under the Board of Trade. The report covers a wide field of work for the protection of animals carried on in Carrara, Catania, Florence, Lipari, Lucca, Pisa and Pistoia, Siena, Spezia, Taormina and Tripoli, and the Society either maintains or aids in the maintenance of Free Dispensary work, Troughs and Drinking Tubs, and Dogs’ Homes. It is concerned with Humane Slaughter, with Humane Education and with the Protection of Birds—and many other humanitarian activities. Truly this Society is carrying on a benefi— cent work. If you would like to know more about it write to the Secretary for a copy of the report. His name and address are: Sheridan Russell, 179, Gloucester Place, N.W.I. Photo by] IP. Phillips The report concludes with an urgent appeal Tbir mt acz‘r a; deputy—mower and nurse 2‘0 tbere rabbitr. for more funds. Tbe mot/Jer rabbit i5 .rti/l living. 334 A ugmt, I938 TI—IE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

On With the Circus!

BY CYNTHIA MASSEY—COOKE.

“ Lion Claws least—~one has to consider the unnatural Circus Girl.” conditions in which circus animals are obliged HIS startling to live. For those used by travelling circuses headline ap— and menageries, life must be one long hell. peared in Picture them being jolted over rough country most of the news— roads, often confined in quite inadequate papers recently. In cages. The lions and tigers in the London one paper, at least, Zoo are a pitiful enough sight, padding there was also a restlessly back and forth, or lying listlessly picture of the girl inert, in their golden eyes a homesick hunger trainer with her for their native forests and jungles—for lions. That picture, freedom—or just a dull hopelessness. Surely in my opinion, most of us have at some time or another gave one furiously consciously rejoiced in our freedom? Haven’t to think. \Y/e were we, out for a walk on a fine day, entertained told that the girl, the fugitive thought: “It must be terrible to though injured in be in prison?” the leg and thigh, Think, then, of those noble, dignified insisted on going captives! Circus lions cooped up in cages, on with the even- compelled into submission to the will of Man, ing’s performance. forced to perform absurd tricks—sometimes, Very plucky of her. perhaps, when they are not feeling well—— No one will deny for the delectation of human fools. The break— that. But what about the lion? There are two ing of their fine, independent spirit must be a sides to every question, and I cannot help long, slow business. One can imagine how wondering how many people have considered they hate their trainer, and bide their time, leis side? And how many—if they studied the outwardly submissive, filled inwardly with a expressions of those four lions at all closely——— burning resentment. How, when their chance felt a pang of pity for the poor beasts. I did. comes they are swift to seize upon it——to There was savage hatred and resentment in the spring, growling triumphantly, and fasten snarling face of one ; a look of heart-break and teeth or claws into the soft yielding flesh of hopelessness about another. The trainer, as their tormentor. How sweet must be that was probably noticed at the time, held a whip in breif moment of victory over Man—but how one hand, a kind of U—shaped fork in the other. short—lived? And after? \Well, who knows We English pride ourselves on our love for what happens, afterwards, behind the scenes, or animals and our sense of fair play. I would say, how the rebellious beast may be punished for rather, that most of us are fond of domesz‘ie his attack? animals. Again and again I have found to my We, who in an age of so—called civilisation amazement that nice, humane people who would can still tolerate such cruelties, are not our— feel intense indignation at the ill—treatment of a selves fully civilised. dog, a cat, or a horse, can witness with keen On with the circus! Yes, by all means. enjoyment blood—sports and the degrading Let the clowns tumble and pelt one another antics of performing animals. Yet cruelty is with sausages to make children laugh. Let always cruelty, be it inflicted upon tame the acrobats and trapeze artists display their creatures or wild ones. I should like circus feats of skill. But in the name of humanity enthusiasts to exercise their imagination— let us abolish the practice of training animals to if, indeed, they possess any—and mentally perform. put themselves in the place of a performing Me ivorn‘ of all ravager. lion. aspect of physical cruelty apart—_ lee eivilireel ravage it The C. J. WEBER. and no one will ever convince me that cruel Let bit/vanity be ever our goal. methods are not employed by some trainers at GOETHE.

335 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1936’

From Onlooker’s Note Book

Now came fulfilment of the year’s desire; following allusion to Peckham’s fair originated The tall wheat, coloured h} the Augustfire, ——according to local tradition—by King John in gratitude for a successful day’s hunting. The hees went hurrying to fill up their store ; \Whoever founded the fair it was not suppressed The apple-houghs hent over more and more ; until 1827. Here are some extracts from one With peach and apricot the garden wall of its show-bills :— W”as odorous, and the pears hogan to fall ‘ To the lovers of Curiosities. To be seen during From ofi‘ the high tree with eachfreshening hreesze. the time of Peckham Fair, a grand Collection of Living Wild Birds and Beasts, lately arrived from WILLIAM MORRIS. the remotest parts of the world. I. The Pelican that suckles her young with her Sir William Watson Born August 2nd, I 85 8. heart’s blood—from Egypt. 2. The noble Vulture Cock, brought from SIR \WILLIAM WATSON (1858-1935) among Archangell, having the finest tallons of any bird the greatest of modern poets, born at that seeks its prey. The fore part of his head is Burley—in—Wharfedale, began publication with covered with hair, the second part resembles the The Princes’ Quest in I 880 ; Wordsworth’s Grave, wool of a Black; below that is a White Ring having a Ruff that he cloaks his head with at night. which followed ten years later made his niche 3. The he Panther from Turkey, allowed by secure in the poets’ palace. The following the curious to be one of the greatest rarities ever few lines are an extract from Animals’ Rights, seen in England, on which are thousands of spots no two of a likeness. (1899). 4. Two fierce and surprising Hyaenas from the But this I know, whate’er ofnatural rights river Gambia. These creatures imitate the human Be mine, areyours no less h)! native dower. voice and so decoy negroes out of their huts If none entitled is to hind me down, and devour them. They have a mane like a horse and two joints more in their hinder legs than any And rend, and mar, and rack, and hreak, other animals. and fig; me, l\Tone hath a title so to raoageyou Camels. Saning such title as defames alike A camel train with hurdens and humps Him that hestows, and him that uses it. And heads and hells and laden humps. A Bird of Leisure. MADELEINE S. MILLER. JOHN BURROUGHS (1857—1921), American ST. JOHN‘ ERVINE (born 1885) dramatist poet and naturalist, born in New York State and author,-and at one time manager of Abbey was in turn teacher, government clerk, Theatre Dublin. His successes in the world and farmer. His works include Whitman, of the theatre include the plays: ]ane Clegg, Ways of Nature, Bird and Bough (poems) and The First lVIrs. Fraser, The Ship and Anthony The Breath of Life. and Anna. He is author of nearly a dozen The few lines that follow are from Wake- novels, and biographies including Parnell and Rohin. General Booth. From A journey to ferusalem August is the month of the high-sailing hawks. the following little extract is taken which The hen—hawk is the most, noticeahle. He likes deals with camels and of brutality by their the haze and calm of these long, warm days. He OWfl€fS I is a hird of leisure, and seems always at his ease. I had heard and read much of the cruelty How heautiful and majestic are his movements! practised on animals by Orientals, but I saw no So self-poised and my, such an entire ahsence of cruelty of any kind while I was in Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. I do not dogmatise on this haste, such a magnificent amplitude of circles and subject; I record only the fact that if there is spirals, such a haughty, imperial grace, and oc— cruelty to beasts in those countries, I was lucky casionall , such daring aerial evolutions. enough not to see any. I say “lucky ” because, althOugh no one will believe this, I hate rows, and if I had seen any brutality, there w0uld have had to Peckham’s Fair. beat least one. . . . The Arabs seemed to me to GEO. E. EADES, M.A., Lecturer in London take uncommon care of their animals, and I saw History, L.C.C., City Literary Institute, has signs in Palestine of exceptional understanding between shepherds and their flocks of sheep and in his most interesting book, London, dealing goats—understanding that could not have been with the romance of its development, the achieved by brutality. 336 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1938

LAPLANDER AND IMPRISONED Dartmoor Ponies. THE REINDEER. (Born 1884) Author and LLEWELYN POWYS A Laplander has come to London on a books are Eboiy/ and Journalist. A few of his strange mission. He wants to start a hospital Skin for Skin and Apples Ivory, Black Lang/91ers, for old and feeble Laplanders in the Arctic work, Somerset Essays, be Ripe. From his last Circle. ‘ of extracting L.P’s I have taken the liberty Mr. Rasmus Rasmussen is the man.’ He the sad fate of Dartmoor touching allusion to likes to wear his national costume when ponies. ' abroad. The frozen It is sad to think that every year some of them London he does not like. valued for their toughness and smallness of size, loneliness of the North, the perpetual snows hauling in are sold to coal owners to be used for rugged mountains, the irresistible freedom of a wild on the the pits. . . . Enjoying the silences—he is gladly accepting the fair weather with frolic, appeal of the Arctic creature, them. and enduring the foul weather by turning its leaving us today to get back to hindquarters to the drifting wet ; at night couchant “ I shall never forget the imprisoned breathing with hard hoofs in the heather, audibly reindeer at the Zoo,” he said. “ Of all the sensible abdomen in the stillness tucked under that has impressed me most. starshine—and then to be suddenly transported sights of London of my best along pitchy tunnels to the earth’s depths never to Naturally I love reindeer. They are feel the sun’s warmth penetrating its hide again, to friends. They understand me as well as I dragging, dragging, remain buried underground, understand. them.” life long after it has become blind, dragging out its that one—you might say in only on Some scarce noticed afternoon “ I spoke to released turned to me when the worn out carcass of a dead pit pony reindeer language. The animal awaits the arrival of the knacker’s lorry at the pit’s as if to say, ‘ Take me away from this life. I head! don’t want to live in London. Take me back pony arbitrary man must Surely to a Dartmoor to Lapland.’ ” like a monster, whether in the turmoil of appear how the imprisoned reindeer Tavistock Fair, or in the gnome—lit stable where he That is He added that fills blackened mangers with pottles of scant and appeared to this Laplander. dusty hay from the day—time world. he felt like whipping out his knife and putting ONLOOKER. his friend out of his misery.

Cornwall. [F. R. Winstone Photo by] Entrance to Castle, St. Michael Caerlays, 337 N...,_...____...V.i-r.r\_.. , A

THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, [938

:Gwenol Satow BY BASIL HARVEY—JAMES.

AM fortunate that in the two poets animals in a more amusing vein. Her more whom I can number among my friends-— formal and traditional lines “ The Bee ” J)”:- Alastair Davis and Gwenol Satow—both are of surpassing beauty :— are keen lovers of animals, and have expressed He n/ings tbrougb Me quiet their love in exquisite verse. So far I have garden, pausing ouer written of men and women of the past or of A bed of roses, in Meirfirst contemporaries senior to myself, and even sleep; Roses are tempting, but being a Davis is older by a few years. Thus I find devout loner He turns for u/bere myself writing for the first time in these col— Me sun—rays steep A field in sbining, sbimmering umns (or at all) of someone younger than I am. eloiier, Here dips and buzzes, As I have dealt sparingly with cattle in my body deep. sketches so far, I shall begin with her Bulloe/és, It is almost an axiom however that no one is which portray so faithfully the traditional truly a poet who has not written on birds. patience of oxen :— W.«—-\._-‘V_,._ Here then we find Gwenol Satow at her great- I eould not sleep for Min/éing of tbeir tyres, est—as in “ Lament for a Dead Bird,” and as ‘V Tbeir patient eyes, tbeir looeb/ baunting ates, shown in these extracts from two other poems. Tbat look into our bearts n/itb no sur rise. . . . I am eaugbt in Me sn/ay So patient of Mejoke Me] stand to brood, f Meir sbarp gbost ebatter, Droii/sed iuitb tbe turgid drumming of tbeir blood, Held in Me beat Like Noab’s arebaie bulloe/és earned in mood. Of Meir featbered wings, Miss Satow shows a more plaintive type of Alesbed in Me iuebs pathos in her Grassbopper ;___.. Of Meir tenuous feet: . . . Song of Summer, bis noise is dead, ZI/Iy beart beats in Me beat of Meir n'ings. Unbeeded tbe flowers are~ooer tbe bead ‘ W'_V (“ Rooxs.”) Of Me barbinger, tbe first begotten—— See, be is gone, but be bas forgotten Aeross unfatbomed space I beard Tbis small green leg. Tbe elear sbrill singing ofa bird . . . In the realm of nature outside the animal . "And I arose andfollo iued Plim kingdom Miss Satow has written verses on Borne up on wings of serapbim. WW such themes as “ Der Fruhling ” (“ The (“ THE LITTLE SOUL GOES UP.”) Spring”), “ Bacchanalia,” “ The Bridge,” “ To the lVIountains,” “ Frost,” “ Quiet Nor can I in fact better conclude than in Water ” and “ Landscape,” the last of which citing “Prayer,” another short poem on a concludes :—— bird theme 2—— Tbe unbro/éen line of bill is beautiful, Lord, if Tbou bast Me mind, And eolour strides Me poppies in Me grain; Help, Ob belp, Me little raged tbings Tbere is notbing on Me borizon, Tbat beat so rain/y against Me bars. But Me skies blon/ing up to rain. Grant Mem Me freedom of Meir wings. In more mystic vein are her “Fiat Lux,” “ Dream,” “ When I am tossed on the Waves of Sleep ” (recalling more than one of Mary Webb’s. poems), “ The Enchantress ” and Ab, leaoe Mem in Me wilderness, “ Requiem,” which last I will render in toto :— Or in Me busb, or in Me brake; Under Me stars Me dear dead lie ; Let Mem in liberty possess Tbe dead tbat are so mueb looelier tban I, Tbe baunts God fasbioned for Meir sake! Tbgl are quiet now, My will neverfear again : And all Me glories of Meir Mroats Tbeir bearts are wasbed quite elean by Me tender 5ball sound more glorious n/ben Me} rise mm. In fligbts and waves of noble notes In two recent poems, “Tropic Frieze” To stir‘your bearts and dim “your eyes. and “ Moon Limbo,” Miss Satow introduces NORMAN GALE. 338 August, 1938 I A THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

An August Day. A Birdland Tragedy BY HUDSON READ. By HUDSON READ. a RIPPLE of wind rustles the golden THIS year a number of house—martins shoulder of the hill, and the corn on the built their nests under the eaves of some poppies nod their red bonnets. Along _ villas near the Mickleover Golf Course, the dry bank harebells swing as if the fingers Derbyshire. But the martins were not allowed of the wind had touched them to fairy chimes. to rest in peace, for the sparrows took posses- Near the ancient grey wall the bright disks of sion of these mud castles when completed. the hollyhocks attract the bees, who climb about In one nest the martins actually hatched their like dusty millers. The low murmur of their eggs before the brown robbers drove them adds rural charm to the cottage garden. music out, and the sparrows tossed the baby martins approach a young robin stands At one’s over the rim of the nest onto the concrete shadow against a tiny carpet of like a still below. Also, one sparrow remained on mistake it for a small thrush moss ; one might guard at the nest to prevent the return of the 'A“ buff—spotted mantle. The gift of a red with its rightful owners. The same thing happened not be made until the first waistcoat will at Shelton Lock a few years ago. l autumn. From the deep green lap of the oak are driven trees comes the coo of wood pigeons. It is a \Vithout a doubt many martins haunts through victim— cool contented sound, when the sun beats out of their rightful Unquestionably sparrows fiercely on unshaded places. isation by sparrows. and to obtain a ready— Although most birds have lost the fervour are lazy to a degree, price of a squabble is a of song, fragments of music are heard along made home for the their difficulty. \Whether the way. In the lane by the cornfield the cheap way out of have increased so rapidly yellowhammer utters his harsh solo. And a it is that sparrows difficult to discover enough cock linnet with a red crown, trills a little, that they find it a slight bearing on as he plays hide and seek, about the thistle sites for nests may have years there has been enmity patch. From the thatch of “ Crow Tree ” the case. But for and house—martins. This cottage sparrows chatter, and in the orchard between sparrows probably one reason why the population of a robin ticks a note or two. is decreased in this country. Another By the old gatepost fretted with ivy, martins has forward is the extensive drainage meadow brown butterflies seek adventures theory put lands, which has destroyed th over tawny stuble. On the mirror of the of marshy of insects on which house- brook is the restless zig-zag shadow of a big breeding haunts dragon—fly. Under the white bridge a group martins feed. of brown cows stand, dewlap deep. When the An old country saying is that when martins, turn of the sun tells that the day grows old, the or swallows, build about a house there will be rooks flap slowly home, and village dames gold, or children. One thing is sure, that exchange a mite of gossip. On a rough seat where these birds build the air is pure, for outside the inn, the solitary men of the fields perhaps you remember that Banquo indicated gather for company. And the setting sun the healthy position of Macbeth’s castle by forecasts a fine to—morrow. the martins’ nests about it.

I

95/?14 Rojasu TLER.

339 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, I938

The Library Table

Lovable Beasts. By Harper Cory, F.C.G.S. The complete volume was published origin- The “ Teaching of English ” Series. ally in 4to, with over 60 illustrations, at Nelson. IS. 4d. 128. 6d. It is now to be had in “ The Teaching Lamb/e Bean‘s needs no introduction to of English ” series of which the editor is readers of THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND for in its Dr. Richard Wilson, delicately bound in pages for many months past they have been blue cloth, 6% by 4%, printed in clear type on given the stories of Wary Wak—kus, Pee—Shoo, 247 pages with 20 full page photographic Mit—ten—usk, Sportsman Ne—geek and many reproductions of 18 different families of another of these “ warm memories of distinct “Lovable Beasts” at IS. 4d. It sounds animal personalities ” from in- the pen of Harper credible but it’s true. Cory, Fellow of the Canadian Geographical This volume Society. , _ should be in 'all our schools, and what a But although neither book nor author need delight to teachers and scholars alike. introduction the issue of the complete series Messrs. Nelson and Co. are to be warmly of 18 sketches of animal life, each one con— congratulated on their enterprise, which cerned with a differing type, in an edition we hope will be well supported by the educational specially designed for educational purposes, is authorities. an important event in the'educational world. R. H. S. For Harper Cory is a naturalist of no mean distinction,a field naturalistwith an international The Green Leaf reputation, and we commend specially to : A Memorial to Grey Owl. Directors of Education, Teachers and Educa- Edited and arranged by Lovat Dickson. tionalists this volume of animal studies based (Lovat Dickson, Ltd.) 25. 6d. on personal observation, on c0nversations with This little book is not intended to be, as its hunters and trappers and close study of the editor points out, a biography of Grey Owl : reports of Canadian naturalists of repute. “Its purpose is only to record the closing Regarding, as he does, every living creature as scenes of Grey Owl’s life, and to reflect by an individual with personal traits which often setting out some of his letters and some differ from those of his fellows, these studies extracts from his published and unpublished are living records of wild life ways embodied writings, something of . the integrity in moving narratives and of the love, education nobility of his spirit.” and adventure common to the daily life of the In our opinion the editor animals known to the author who has watched has achieved his purpose, and the friends and them with scientific and understanding observa— admirers of Grey Owl everywhere will be tion and keen and accurate perception. Another grateful to him for this record. There is much that and truer conception is presented here, one would like to quote, but one passage than the misleading conception of “ Nature must suffice. The passage is chosen because in it red in tooth and claw ”——one which has been Grey Owl has disclosed in profoundly put by William J. Long in these words : moving words to the companion to whom he spoke the purpose Instead of being cruel or pitiless or merely of his life. He had been speaking of the way thoughtless, Nature seems to have provided in which his effort to help the beaver grew most carefully that birds and beasts should be to embrace all animals, and so on to his adopted joyously abundant, and, lest they increase people, the Indians, and finally to all humanity. too greatly and 'overrun the earth, that death, “ Down the avenue of trees,” he said, “ I see the “ dark mother,” should approach them a spot of sunlight. And I am trying so hard mercifully. Into their lives come two great to get there.” And, he continued, and his blessings, besides the common mercies of words were written down soon afterwards :‘ food and play and rest; they are spared all Battlements of beauty regret for yesterday and all anxiety for the are greater than the fortifications of evil, and that’s what I’m trying morrow. They live gladly; they to have no build up—greater resistance to evil. It is conception of death; the they lie downfor their forces of evil that look for a battle—Jove offers not last sleep with the familiar expectation that passive resistance, but passive aggression? The Indian idea of beauty they awake once more in the morning. is in form perhaps. Beauty may reside not only in form but in symmetry, in 340 A ugusl, I936’ THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

affection, in loyalty and a perfect conformation to environment that perhaps may be the ultimate “ Grey Owl” fulfilment in the quest for beauty. Completeness in every essential detail, to an ideal for which you have searched hitherto unavailingly. Tbg/ are searebing by tbe river, In tbe creeks and in tbe lodges, Grey Owl went on to speak of the Indian Keeping ceaseless, tireless wateb idea of beauty as also expressed in a combina— Tbrougb tbe nigbt and Mrougb Me day. tion of colours, each one a contrast to the And Meir wistful eyes are pleading other, “ yet each a thread in the pattern of ‘ For tbe friend, wbo ne’er unbeeding beauty that makes the great tapestry.” This Let Meir eall remain unanswered “ great. curtain of mystery that hangs before “ Wa—Sba-Quon—Asin, eome tbis way! ” the face of the \Wilderness ” is to him a curtain that may only be pulled aside by those No more beside Me doorway, who come childlike without guile, with that love that only children and small animals can possibly Does Me squirrel find loue’s offering, have ; a love that asks for nothing, but only wants And Me proud “ wbite tbroated ” loon to know first just what‘it does love. Fumbling, Ciro/es round Me lake in rain, groping, I want to know : and behind that curtain, “ Hob—bob—boboooooo! ” rings eerily that great cloth of gold of mystery and unknown possibilities—behind. I find it . . . . Nature. But no answer sane an eebo And a wbispering in Me pinetops— Then follow the words which give the title “ Hob—bob, Grg/ Owl, boboooooo! to this memorial: ' He eometb not again! ” You’re tired with years of civilisation. I come and offer you—what? A single green leaf. Grey Owl—beloved broMer The cOntents of the volume include chapters Of Me little Beaver People, on “The Passing of Grey Owl”; “Press E’er mam! moons passed o’er Mee Commentary ” ; “ Grey Owl’s Letters ”; Tbou didst- reaeb fire last long trai “ Grey Owl’s Philosophy ” ; “ Grey Owl’s . Tbe lonesome trial wbieb led tbee Farewell to the Children ”; and “ The Last From Me Land of Purple Sbadows. Days—a Record in Pictures.” To Me Land beyond Me sunset R. H. S. .Yet sball not My spirit fail.

To pleadfor tbese, My broMers Dear as ebildren, well beloved; The LiOn and the Lamb Tbat- men’s bearts be tuned to friendsbip ‘ N memorials that mark the last resting And tbat fear may pass away Oplaces of our ancestors, figures of From Me sorrowing ones wbo see/é tbee animals are sometimes to be found. In Me forest, lake and river, On monumental brasses and sculptures of W/ben tbe l\Tortbern ngbts are dancing the sixteenth century, knightly figures often And tbrougb all tbe long, long day. have represented at their feet lions, the JOAN B. WHITE. symbol of martial courage. Others of the (These time have dogs at their feet to symbolise verses are published by kind. permission of The Editor of Tbe Weekly Scotsman, in whose columns. their fidelity to a cause. they recently appeared.) Wool merchants of that period have a sheep at their feet, as the symbol of their trade. Sometimes a woolpack and a crook were used as well as a sheep. John Fortey who died at Northleach in 1458, has a brass :1 \fr. ‘ \ \‘ which shows him with one foot on a sheep :5 " L_\ 4 9‘, «\v and the other on a woolpack. |\ ‘ 4.. There are old gravestones in the Clitheroe district on which are carved two small horse- shoes, showing that the man who lies there in his lifetime owned a team of pack ponies.

E. G. B.

341 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1938

parasites, and I am certain that their use of The Clever Coyote more than one den confuses and defeats their HE coyote has a peculiar mental make—up. pursuers. Many a man has dug into a coyote’s He has all the keen alertness of the wolf den and found it empty when only the day and the audacious cunning of the fox. before he had seen it used by the entire family. His fox—like face at times takes on a serio- The young are born in April. or May, in comic expression. At other times he has a litters of from five to ten. They grow rapidly most expectant look as he sits and watches, or and in a few weeks show all the cunning ways listens, with head tilted on one side and sharp and playfulness of puppies. \then safe they ears pointing slightly forward. He has actions, spend hours outside the den, wrestling, characteristics, and attitudes that make him digging, or sleeping in the sun. In two dens I excel even the fox for the purpose of fable examined each youngster had a separate making. compartment or pocket for himself; and, There are numerous Indian myths concern- judging from claw marks, probably he had dug ing the coyote; in fact, he takes the place this himself. In July the youngsters are taken the fox has in primitive European folklore. out into the world, where they learn the tactics Numerous tribes pay the coyote tribute in of wresting a living from the field. daily food. Their belief accredits him with The coyote’s food habits are not all bad. the audacity and the cunning to seize fire from At some time in every locality, and in a few forbidden sources and deliver this enduring localities at all times, he has a high rank in comfort to the fireless red men. Amongst economic biology, and may be said to co— most Indian tribes he is regarded with favour. operate silently with the settlers in eradicating Many Indian dogs are descendants of the damaging pests. coyote. ‘ (From Walclzezl by Wild Animals by Enos The coyote is a small, fleet—footed, keen— Mills.) witted animal, tawny or yellowish brown in colour. He is, of course, a wolf; but he is The coyote is a clever animal otherwise it only a little more than half the weight of his would long ago have disappeared from prairie large relative, the gray wolf. Originally and mountains. An Ishmael with nearly every he was scattered over most of North America. man’s hand against him, he nevertheless Though scientifically classified into a number contrives to outwit his adversaries, to adapt of species and sub—species, they are very much himself to constantly changing conditions alike in colour and habit. and to display a resourcefulness that is truly Coyotes probably mate for life. A pair amazing. In many other animals with whose commonly hunt together, though each often habits I am familiar, instinct, as we call it, hunts alone. They are said to live from eight to has almost complete control of behaviour fifteen years. I kept track of one for eight except in moments of grave danger when life years, who appeared mature when I first met is threatened. At such times of stress a flash him and showed no signs of decay when I saw of intelligence may momentarily be generated. him last. But the coyote brings marked intellectual The coyote usually lies up in a den when not powers to bear in solving all the problems hunting; but at times he simply hides in common to every day existence. ' To say that underbrush or in ravines. A den I measured the animal lives by his wits is a common— lay nearly four feet below the surface and had a place: he also evades sudden death by sheer length of fourteen feet. It was expanded into cleverness and audacity. I do not know a room—like place near the farther end and whether nowadays a coyote is eagle—eyed there were a number of small pockets extending enough to detect a shot gun in the back seat from it. The den may be made by the coyotes of a motor car but assuredly in horse and buggy themselves or it may be the den of a badger days he knew when there was a lethal weapon which they have reshaped. Occasionally in the vehicle and when there was only a whip. they take advantage of cave—like places Some farmers imagined that he could smell between large stones. The den commonly the powder in cartridges. The coyote is not is in an out-of—the—way place and the entrance readily trapped. to it is concealed by stones or bushes. (From Animal: 0f the Canadz'cm Rat/€22.15, by Coyotes often have three or more dens. A Dan .MacGowan. Published by Lovat Dick— change is probably helpful in keeping down son.)

342 August, [938 THE ANIMALS FRIEND

Through; the Eyes of a Dog-Lover BY FRANCIS T. WYATT. HAVE TROT- which eccentrics do so much harm in flounting, TED around then Idoubt whether we should have got on so with a dog well together. No, my dog, in common with (the same one) others, is just a dog . nothing more. for the past ten She has inherited all the sins to which the years. Perhaps I dog is heir. She would steal out of my pocket should say my without compunction, if there were anything dog has trotted in my pocket for her liking to steal. She around with me. would flirt when she knows it displeases me I’ll compromise, for her to do so. She would rest when she and say we have - should exercise (but perhaps that is excusable trotted around in one her age P) And there are a dozen and together. one things that she would do, which she If I were a. knows quite well that she should not do. I diarist, instead of believe there are humans alike in this, too? one of those It is these things that only dog-lovers under- millions who stand, and are ever willing to allow for. trust to one of It is those 222/20 like dog: the least, and leave [eff/e, the most elusive or 720 care for their zed/«being, w/ye meta/[y expeez‘, of things—memory—I think I should be and demand z‘be more from them ! astounded by the facts which the leaves of A dog without vagaries is like a baby without 'my diary would reveal, as the result of my a cry. Dogs were never meant to be adorned half score of years’ perambulations. with haloes. I can imagine nothing more undesirable than the “ perfect ” dog, as those The friends I have made; the confidences unacquainted with dogs would describe as that have been unfolded; the understandings “ perfect.” of kindred spirits, who have allowed themselves Whatever faults the worst of dogs may have, to speak of all that a dog means to them, he will never fail to offer one thing in return because they could see that I understood, for kindnesS—a thing which many humans and appreciated with a common intelligence, sadly lack—appreciation. Their appreciation those things the less understanding might too, is sincere and unaffected. There is no have regarded as mere “ fads.” artifice about it whatever. Children and dog have upon So much influence may the dogs in common, are incapable of diplomacy. eyes. Sometimes man. . . . Two intelligent And once you have won the heart of a dog, sorrowful: some- mischievous: sometimes you may be sure it is yours until it ceases to that Jpea/é—and times pensive. But eyes beat. His friendship and good—will is life—long. to the heart: in pierce . . . pierce right If you have entered his bad books—and it is appealing very much the same way that the inconceivable that you will do so without lodge itself in the heart glance of a child will cause—he will be ready, by a right method of . of a parent. approach, to forgive and forget more willingly This understanding between man and dog, than many of his human “ brethren.” may be described as “ peculiar,” in more One could spend an hour in a less profitable ways than one. It is less common, and—in way than in considering the virtues of the the eyes of some—-—less “ natural” than dog. The dog has been memorialised again human affection. But it is an “idea,” none and again: significantly by men and women. the less: and those who have experienced it with brains, and the power to use them! are by no means “ cranks,” or exploiters of a He has not been overrated. morbid sentimentality. It is these things that It is only those who have been in intimate only dOg—lovers can understand, and allow for. contact with dogs who are inspired to tell The understanding between man and dog is an others less fortunate, what the dog is, and what idealism which is also a practicality. Very he is really worth. few “ idealisms ” are that! The love of dogs is a weakness none need If my dog were one of those absurd “ ideals ” ever be ashamed of.

343 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1938'

The National Council for Animals’ Welfare

H072. Organiring Semez‘my: J. L. CATHER.

Animals’ Welfare Week Reports, 1938 (continued).

Barnes . strong point of kindness to the Animal World? Mrs. Doubleday reports that personal letters were for I believe that only by training the children can written to all the clergy in Sheen, Mortlake and Barnes, we rid our land of those terrible blots on our calling attention to the Week, that prayers were said civilisation. in church and that invitations were sent to the teachers Mr. Appleby has enclosed a summary of the talks. of the district to enlist their children in the R.S.P.C.A., made by one of the top class girls. We hope to publish Young People’s Branch. Full particulars and specimen this summary in our September issue. cards and literature accompanied the invitations, but the response was not encouraging, to say the least Croydon. of it. > Over two thousand Croydon secondary and elemen- Carlisle. tary scholars entered the essay competition in connec- with the Animals’ Welfare Week and the number Thanks to an enthusiastic little group of delegates of awards—one hundred and fourteen—represented and friends we continue to observe “ The Week.” an increase of 32.56 per cent. Circular letters, literature—and posters in some cases——— 'This was revealed when the prizes and certificates. were sent out to all City Ministers, and to a few sympa- were presented thetic at the Central Library by Mr. H. S. in the country, and we know of references being Clayton, head master of the Whitgift Middle School and made in several Churches and Sunday Schools. The president of the Croydon Animals’ Welfare Association, annual service was held at the Unitarian Church, on July 7th. and also at the Fellowship of The Spirit; and there Mr. Clayton congratulated the winners may be others on their of which we are not aware. Mr. wonderful efforts and said that when he glanced through Alfred Brisco wrote appropriate letters to the local some of the essays he wondered how on earth the press: and a Poster-handcart which he rigged~ up judges were going aroused to make their decisions. They much attention when being wheeled round the must have had city a tremendously difficult task. It was- streets throughout the Week. We are gratified absolutely necessary to do all one could to report the for the welfare co-operation of the local Branch of the of animals. The most important work in this direction R.S.P.C.A., who supplied literature to the Council was done with the younger generation and in the days to. Schools. Their oHicial Lecturer gave talks in twelve come, when Croydon or more of was governed by the children the day schools. who were now at Mrs. school, there would be a much more Sheridan, local hon. Secretary of the National enlightened outlook on the duties towards the animal. Anti-Vivisection Society, has accepted invitations friends. to speak in the near future on Animals’ Welfare to the Mr. George Bell (secretary), referring to the increase Greystone Labour Women’s Group, and the Co- in operative entries and priZes, said they were most gratifying. Women’s Guild. The prizes “ Romany ” of the were presented by Mrs. H. S. Clayton. BBC, writer of a weekly Premier awards were: Under Nature column in Tim Camber/and eight years, Pamela. Nazi/r, was again Webber (Holy Trinity); 8—12 years, Judith reminded and responded with a fine Home article on Animals’ (Croham Hurst); 12 years and over, Margaret Cory Welfare Week. We were fortunate in getting the loan of two main—street empty (Tavistock Senior Girls). shops, the windows of which After were used for the prizegiving Councillor E. S. More gave successful Poster display. a lantern talk on “ As a fund—raising Animals Worth Knowing.”——- and social effort our vice-chairman, Croydon Advertirer. Mrs. Holt, arranged a Garden Party at her home; ' . but unreasonable weather conditions changed the Dalston, Hackney, Islington, etc. gathering into an enjoyable fire—side Tea—Party. By the removal to Pennington of Canon and Mrs. Miss K. J. Millward, an enthusiastic and untiring' Burnett the Animals’ Cause locally has lost good worker in humane education, reports the following friends—Our gratitude and good wishes follow them. talks in connection with Animals’ Welfare W’eek, “ Something attempted, something done,” in 19 38—— though some of them were given later in May, in June yet still hOping to do better another year. and July. At each of the schools literature and posters. BARBARA WATSON and MAUD PROUDFOOT, were distributed. Here is the list :— Wilton Road: Infants.—4th May, talk to Co—Setremrz’er, Carlir/e Committee for parents, Animals’ Mrs. Stott ; 6th May, talk to infants. Junior W/dfare Week. Girls.— 12th May, Talk by Mrs. Stott. Junior Boys—talk by Corby, Grantham. Mrs. Stott. Sigdon Road: Infants—17th May, talk by Mrs. Mr. S. G. Appleby, Headmaster, writes from the Stott. Junior Girls.——6th May, talk by Miss Bradish- S chool House, Corby, Grantham, in enclosing 158. 6d. Junior Boys.———15th June, talk for the by Mr. K. Robinson, sale of emblems :— Sec., O.D.F.L. We have had several talks on Animal Welfare Shacklewell Lane: Infants—Talks and lessons. about which the children are very keenly interested. throughOut Week. Senior Girls—Talks and lessons. I am a great animal lover myself, and I make a throughout Week. 344 August, 1936’ THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

Queen’s Road: Junior Boys and Girls—Talk by next year will help still more the work of Animal Mrs. Stott, 19th July. Welfare. HETTY ELY, Gayhurst Road: Infants.——13th May, Talk. Hon. Secretary Newcastle and District Animals’ Tottenham Road (Islington): Junior Girls—Talk. Welfare Week. Holy Trinity, Dalston : Girls and Infants—3rd May, talks to both departments, Miss Bradish. South Woodham Council School, Chelmsford. Enfield Road (Islington) : Infants —Talk. Miss K. B. Foulger, in enclosing a PO. for 63. 5d. Queen’s Head Street (Islington): Senior Girls.— collected by the sale of Animal Emblems to the children Talk. ‘ of her school, writes :— Oxford ' HOuse, Bethnal Green: 8th May, Evening We have devoted every possible moment of this Sunday School, girls and boys, talk. Week to talks, etc., connected with Animal Week. Nichol Street, Bethnal Green: Girls and Boys, To conclude the kiddies were given a composition Morning Sunday School, Talk. to write on any one of the following subjects :— Congregational Church, Middleton Road, Dalston: My Pet. Children’s Own Meeting (Monday), 23rd May, talk. A Pet I Should Like. In addition to the above impressive list, Miss Kindness to Animals. . Millward records that Posters and Literature were The children of this school are evidently getting an distributed at Winchmore Hill, Baptist Church; at admirable and practical humane education, as is Denmark Street, Girls School, Middlesbrough, where indicated by the compositions printed on p. 353. special lessons were given throughout the Week. At Weston-Super-Mare. Shottery, Stratford-on-Avon, St. Andrew’s School, special lessons were given throughout the Week, and Before the Week started, a well-attended meeting posters and literature were distributed. The latter were organised by the Weston Fellowship of Reconciliation also sent to a Nursing Home at Newport, Isle of Wight. was held in the Friends’ Meeting House, at which Miss Millward also arranged for a display of posters “ The Wider Brotherhood ” was the subject. Miss on the platform at Dalston Station, in shops and the Grace Hawkins spoke. windows of private houses, for the distribution of Many articles appeared in the Press and there was a literature in Dalston Lane and elsewhere, for the great deal of activity among the children. Teachers took enclosure of leaflets by two local newsagents in over a very lively interest in the work, and many children 200 daily papers, and for the distribution of a large have become readers of the Little Anin/als’ Friend. number of copies of THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND at a parents’ meeting on May 4th. This is indeed. a great record of quiet, effective work.

Newcastle and District. Animal Welfare Week was observed for the first time in Newcastle : 22nd-29th May. Under the auspices of the Lord Mayor, Ald. Gilbert Oliver, a combined effort was made to focus public attention upon the welfare of animals in Newcastle, and adjacent towns, and was supported by the Educational Authorities, the various Animal Protection and Welfare Societies, and given publicity in the local press. The clergy were circu— larised, and an appeal made to them to observe one of the Sundays in the Week. An open air meeting was held on the Quay~side on Sunday morning, 23rd May. Miss Enid Atkinson, chairman for the Tyneside Women’s Guild of Empire, was the speaker, with Mr. Clark, secretary for the Newcastle Branch B.U.A.V., acting as chairman. Through the medium of the Newcastle Branch R.S.P.C.A.,. an essay competition is being held for all school children who wish to enter. A special matinée for school children of Animal Films was held at the Stoll Cinema on the 22nd. Other Cinemas in the area kindly showed a slide drawing the attention of the public to the shop used throughout the week for propaganda. The shop was in a central position in the town. Posters of the National Council and of the various animal societies assisting in the Week were displayed, and literature was available for those interested. Signatures were obtained to petitions in the shop. Neat ribbon bows were made by some members of the committee, and funds were helped by their sale. The staffing of the shop was done by some Photo by] [james Hampson of the committee, and kind help given by members of TlJese swans on the meat 0f the Bis/1017’s Palace, Wells, bane the animal societies represented in the shop. Posters aeqnirea’ tlie lJalait, banded down by many generations, of also were displayed at other places in the area. The ringing for tlieir daily food. The swans pull tlye string Week, we believe, has justified itself, and the committee renneeterl to a bell on tbe drawbrirlge and tbe food is thrown are happy to report this, and hOpe the endeavour for front the window in response.

345 THE A‘NIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1938

The National Society for the Abolition of Cruel Sports

Seeretaiy: BERTRAM LLOYD, 4, Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I.

Otter-hunting. found in the following extract from a letter N a letter in Toe Eart Anglian Dailr from the Society in Tloe Bart Anglian Dailyr ITiines of June 4th last, defending otter— ' Timer (10/6/1938) contraverting Mr. \Vhit- hunting, Mr. Roy Whitlock makes the lock’s defence. following remarkable statements in its favour : . . . This Society is fortunate in including “ All kills are quick, clean and merciful, and among its members many well—known when a hunt is in progress an otter gives every naturalists. It is a pity that some sportsmen indication of enjoying the game of hide—and— who write in defence of otter-hunting, do not seek as much as hounds, and how often he pay more attention to natural history; outwits them! ” but perhaps that is not surprising, seeing All three points in this short sentence must that spending long hours in hunting an seem absurdly erroneous after very little study animal instead of watching its normal of the question. Even among followers of habits inevitably leads to unnatural history. other branches of blood—sports there are many According to The Year Book of Otter— disSentients. Thus Captain H. F. H. Hardy ln/nting during the past few years an average in his book, English Sport, 1952, writes: of so out of every 100 otters “found” “ Otters I suppose have to be killed (why P) have been killed—which means that nearly but, too often, nowadays, they are killed by 400 otters are done to death annually by being mobbed. . . ” ; and Major C. Van der Byl hunting. \We know what would be thought in his recent book, My Fifty Years of Sport, of lads who set their dogs on a cat—even a largely devoted to the joys of pig—sticking and stray cat—for fun. How illogical it seems, fox—hunting, has nothing in praise of otter— then, to all humane—minded people that hunting. sportsmen can find enjoyment in harrying to. I do not like the idea of hunting an animal death one of our most beautiful wild animals. during its principal breeding season, also, as in the case of the badger, hounds are Death of Prof. A. E. Boycott. unable to tear its skin which is necessary Professor A. E. Boycott, M.A., M.D., to kill it quickly. I have been told that F.R.S., one of our Vice—Presidents, who died when there is a mill, the water is often drawn on May 12th last, after a long illness, was one off through the sluices, until that in the of the original members of the Society, river is only about half its normal height. in the work of which he had always taken a In this case, of course, the otter has not got a keen interest. Professor Boycott, a distin— chance of escape. guished pathologist, was in addition a gifted Plenty of descriptions of otter—hunts exist writer and an ardent field—naturalist, his to prove the truth of these statements. particular interest being in the study of As to the hunt being “ quick,” proofs to the mollusca on which he was a recognised contrary are abundant. For instance, the authority. He was one of the most lovable of Bucks otter—hounds alone in 19 35 record three men, never willing to spare himself in helping separate hunts of 6% hours, 7 hours 40 minutes other students in the pursuits to which he was and 8% hours, while the Carlisle pack in 1937 devoted, and no friend or acquaintance ever killed their quarry after a 9% hours hunt; failed to appreciate the charm of his personality. and even this does not make the record for His death meant a great loss to the Society - length. In short, it is as rare for an otter and to British science. A memoir appeared worry to be quickly over as for it to be in lee Tint/er of May 18th. “ merciful.”

The Otter’s “ Sporting Chance.” [Vi/(l animal; as a general rule, excepting per/mp5 toe loear, As to the third statement; “ How often he liate man and all In; works, .rln/nning loin; as thong/2 lJe were tlJe devil. Abooe eoerytln'ng elre, they dirlike toe outwits .rnzell of them! ” which suggests that the lnnnanity, as well at Me lnnnan ooiee, wooing off zebeneoer hunted otter has an excellent chance of they come in oontaot wit/J eitlyer. escape, clear evidence to the contrary will be COL. P. T. ETHERTON. 346 August, I938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

I

The Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection Hon. forming/z MISS N. IVORY (to whom all communications should be addressed). Ofiioer: EDINBURGH—IO, QUEENSFERRY STREET. GLASGOW—I47, BATH STREET. OB] ECT—T/Je abolition of Vioirooz‘ion and t/Je Prevention of Szgjfiring to Animal; wniob iz‘ enlai/x.

(szzjz—fonr dooz‘om, fifzy—z‘nroo of flown rogirz‘ored have never practised immunisation have medical noon and women, and flag oiloor a doctor of come off far better as regards diphtheria than poi/05012913}, Inn/e ' signed Z/ao fol/owing polifion). those which have been practising this system E, the undersigned, respectfully beg for a number of years. Compare, for in— ‘Xi His Majesty’s Privy Council to refuse stance, Birmingham, Manchester and Liver— consent to the legislation proposed by pool, three towns in which a considerable the States and Royal Court which. would have proportion of the child population has been the effect of making immunisation against inoculated, with Northampton, Leicester diphtheria compulsory in the Island of and Nottingham, where until 1937 little or Guernsey. no immunisation had been practised. Of We base our strong objection to this legisla— these six towns Northampton had the tion on the following points : lowest diphtheria death—rate in 1936, and I.—lmmunisation against diphtheria is Leicester came next. While the drop in not compulsory in any part of the British Birmingham’s diphtheria death-rate per Empire; Why should it be enforced in 100,000 population was from 12 in 1926 Guernsey? to 6 in 1936, Nottingham’s was from 26 2.———-The Minister of Health for England to 9, a much larger drop without immunisa— and \Wales has definitely opposed in the tion. Glangw, without any public im— English Parliament a proposal by a Member munisation system, came off much better of Parliament that compulsion might be in 1936 as regards diphtheria, than Edin— introduced; burgh or Aberdeen with immunisation 3.—Immunisation against diphtheria does systems; not do what is claimed for it. In Great 5.——There have been repeated changes in Britain there are records of at least 1,000 the material used for these inoculations. cases of diphtheria in children and adults First it was toxin—antitoxin, and that was who had been declared immune against that dropped in favour of toxoid. Toxoid disease either by inoculation or because they caused reactions and was said to have a low exhibited a Schick-negative condition. There immunising power, so toxoid—antitoxin was are records of at least 25 fatal cases of adopted. Three injections were needed diphtheria in immunised children. Man— and it was found that many parents did not chester has had 148 cases of diphtheria in bring their children for more than one or, immunised children with 5 deaths ; Liverpool at the most, two injections, Formol toxoid 245 with 10 deaths; Cardiff 19; cases; was then adopted, but this is liable to cause Huddersfield 40 cases with I death; and severe reactions. A few doctors use alum- Leeds 204 cases with I death; precipitated toxoid, but all who have had 4.—An examination of the prevalence of experience of it admit that it may cause diphtheria in various countries shows that abscesses and other serious reactions. This this has no relation whatever to the amount is the mixture that is to be used in Guernsey. of inoculation against that disease that has There is no more protective power in alum— been practised. Diphtheria has practically precipitated toxoid that there is in any or disappeared from Sweden although no the other mixtures used ; immunisation. has been practised in that country. It has become more severe in 6.—In Europe the mixture used is ana- France and Germany despite the inoculation toxin, which is the same as formol toxoid. of hundreds of thousands of children in All the toxoids are similar preparations. those countries. If English towns are There are records of several deaths and a compared it will be found that those that considerable number of injuries in France

347 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, [936’

and Italy through the use of toxoid in of the P.D.S.A. at the Cape. The report diphtheria immunisation; . expresses the hope that the Board may in 7.—A great many English doctors who time reconsider its decision. have a tentative belief in immunisation are The efforts of this Society, along with those opposed to its imposition on the public; of other Societies, for the protectionof the 8.—The cause of the recent outbreak of Mountain Zebra have been so far successful diphtheria in Guernsey was the bad state of in that the Government has acquired a farm sanitation in the island, which has become in the Cradock district upon which a small so serious that the Sanitation Board re— herd of Mountain Zebra will be protected. signed. \We maintain that the right method The Society, however, feels that the amount of of dealing with diphtheria in the island is to protection thus afforded is inadequate, though attend to the sanitation and that it will be valuable, and that the remaining herd on a useless and definitely injurious to the health farm in the Oudtshoorn District should also of the children to rely on immunisation be safeguarded, and it is encouraging to learn which has proved a broken reed in other that the Government has an option on this countries. farm. When the transfer is complete—but Your petitioners, therefore, pray His not till then—the last remaining herd of Majesty’s Most Excellent Privy Council to Mountain Zebra will be placed under proper exercise their veto and refuse consent to the protection. proposed imposition of compulsion in this The Society’s efforts during 19 57 have been matter. exercised on behalf of animals in small zoos; in connection with the export of \Wild Animals, ANIMAL WELFARE SOCIETY Film Cruelties, Slaughter Reform and Munici- OF SOUTH AFRICA. pal Abattoirs, and in many other directions. The work of its Clinics and Lethal Depots WE are glad to learn from the 1957 has been maintained. Its valuable educational Report of this Society that the and propaganda work has been continued in People’s Dispensary for Sick Animals missions, schools, churches, shows, etc., [of the Poor, London, has become affiliated and‘through the Press. It has several branches to the Animal \Welfare Society of South and the Junior Branch of King William’s Africa. As a result, on November Ist, 1937, Town has erected a bird—bath in the grounds a fully equipped Travelling Dispensary under of the Girls’ High School. the charge of Mr. H. R. Chitty, Chief Technical This Society does a fine humanitarian work Officer of the P.D.S.A. in the Cape Province, which we heartily commend. made its first appearance on the roads of the Cape Flats and the adjacent poorer districts. From the date of its appearance until the end of the year, a period of eight weeks, approxi— mately 1,000 cases were treated, the number affording the best possible evidence of the need of such a Dispensary. The report also speaks of a permanent Dispensary at Salt River to be opened on the arrival of an assist— ant, whom the P.D.S.,A. hoped to dispatch early in 1938, together with the necessary equipment. \Ve regret to learn that the Society has been disappointed in the hope that the voluntary work of the P.D.S.A. among the animals of the very poor people (who cannot be reached by the Animal \Welfare Society of South Africa or by the veterinarians) would be encouraged by the Veterinary Board, and that the Board has decided that they could not accept representation on the Standing Committee formed to administer the work Ostriclzer at Dada/300m. 348 A ugusl, 1938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports

Secretary: J. CLIFFORD SHARP, 7, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.\X’.I.

Staghunting Again! rapid facilities for the passing of the Protection. N August 5rd, the Exmoor stag—hunting of Animals’ (No. 2) Bill to prohibit stag— 0 season will be resumed with the time— hunting. If the present Government had the honoured meet of the Devon and will this could be accomplished without Somerset Staghounds at Cloutsham. The disarrangement of State business. When our' “ Sport ” has passed through many vicissitudes country’s reputation for the humane treatment during its history, and where formerly thous— of animals is considered and the volume of ands of mounted followers were to be seen, public opinion against the sport the obduracy nowadays the Hunt can scarcely muster a of the Government is nothing less than a. hundred riders. scandal. It is stated that stag-hunting is so expensive A Stag Hunt Shop Week. ‘ few can afford it, and whilst this is to an The League is holding a week’s shop- extent responsible for the decrease in the campaign in the West Country prior to the number of its adherents, it is also true that the resumption of stag—hunting. Previous efforts notoriety which the sport has earned since our to direct public attention to this iniquitous agitation commenced has made it unpopular sport have taken the form of public meetings. with many who formerly used to visit the and demonstrations, and the more lasting for the hunting. The “sport” is district publicity which the shop will obtain for the kept alive by a mere handful of local “ die— cause will undoubtedly hasten the end. hards ” who, rather than honour the humane feeling of the day, prefer the sporting ethics A Barnet Resolution. of the 11th century. Congratulations to Councillor Mrs. Strug-A nell, a member of the L.P.C.S., who success— The Plight of theDeer. fully sponsored a resolution, at a recent For nearly a hundred years since the revival meeting of the Barnet Urban District Council of the sport in its present form the deer have ensuring that any fox cubs found in the future been more or less zealously preserved, and on Council property shall be humanely of recent years the herds have assumed such destroyed and not handed over to the Enfield proportions that the Hunts are totally unable Chase Hunt. Mrs. Strugnell has informed us to control them to the number tolerated by that she has received numerous letters and the farmers. Consequently they have had to post cards from all over the country praising augment the destruction of the deer by snaring her for her action. The publicity has annoyed them ; in addition, the farmers, afraid that they the Joint Masters of the Hunt who, in a letter will forfeit compensation if shot deer are found to the local paper, stated that the cubs he on their land, are shooting to scare and not to caught at the request of the surveyor were kill, and great cruelty is being inflicted in these humanely destroyed within half—an—hour of ways. their coming into his possession. It is a pity The present state of affairs is most'deplorable, he did not repudiate the assertion in a previous and little can be done to ameliorate the dreadful press statement that the cubs were to be suffering of the deer until the Government is turned—down for hunting. Nevertheless, his prepared to sponsor the Bill which will make statement is useful for it proves that fox—cubs stag—hunting illegal, and to place the wild deer can be humanely destroyed without recourse to under the control of a responsible authority hunting, which our opponents contend is the who would watch their interests. The re— only humane method. muneration of game wardens would only A new member writes :——“ Although I have amount to a tithe of the money at present horses and could hunt, I find my thoughts expended by the Hunts as compensation for are far too much with the fox; also I enjoy damage done by the deer. riding for the sake of riding, not for the sake All animal—lovers could help by bringing of dressing up and dashing round the country these facts to the notice of their M.P.s, urging with a lot of snobs who can’t even ride in some them to influence the Prime Minister to grant cases.”

349 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1936’

Pit Ponies’ Protection Society

Hon. Searez‘azy: D. JEFFREY WILLIAMS, 82, Boundary Road, London, N.W.8.

Pit Horses at Royal Show. easy matter to get a train of five of these iron trucks on to rails again if they UCH effort and expense appear to be have plunged deep, perhaps into mud involved in the exhibition of forty and water, at the side of the track. The strain pit horses at the Cardiff Royal Agri— on the horse that is unfortunate enough to be cultural Show this year. Horses from various used to help in re-railing those tubs is terrible. pits, carefully prepared we do not doubt and That is not too strong a word‘to use. looking their best, will compete at the show. We fully agree with a leader It is evident that the show is an opportunity in the lVorz‘b Mail, June 28th, 1938, that : for propaganda from the colliery owners’ “ Excepting those who breed pit point of View, and the Press appears to have ponies for gain, everybody outside been liberally provided with “ copy ” in the coal— mining industry—and a great many advance. Pictures of some horses have also people in appeared. it—will sympathise with the latest effort to ban the employment of horses A virtue is being made of an opportunity. below ground. Even if man can defend the The usual gloss will be provided about the enslavement of the horse he can never care and attention lavished upon the horses completely excuse working him in conditions employed in the pits. We shall be told that wholly alien to Nature’s intentions. Such they are much better treated than horses on the explanations as are offered are unacceptable surface, but nothing will be said about the now that eflficient systems of mechanical absence of bedding in many of the underground haulage are available.” stables, and that in such stables the horses The “ latest effort ” mentioned in the above never lie down. There are many miners in quotation is, we believe, a reference to our South Wales who have never seen a horse lie Petition to the Minister for Mines to bring in down in an underground stable as they habitu- legislation to end the use of ponies in mines. ally do in stables above ground. For one More than 25,000 people so far have signed our thing, many horses are far too nerVOus to do so. Petition, and this fact has been published A colliery agent once told the writer that he had in many daily and weekly papers during the tried in many of the collieries under his past weeks in connection with our campaign control to induce the horses to lie down, but for signatures. As previously announced, had failed. He had tried every possible kind of our Petition will remain open for signatures bedding, but with no success. It was a sore until the end of 1958, if not longer. We shall disappointment to this particular colliery require a really impressive number of signa— agent that he had to admit failure, both because tures, and copies of our Petition may be ob— he loved horses and because he realised that it tained from the above address. was a strong argument against using and keep— D. J. w. ing horses below ground. We shall be told very little about the very heavy loads drawn by the horses in South Wales’ pits. \Where the gradients are steep, as they very often are in that coalfield, the horses are obliged to go all out in tackling their loads. So much so that some years ago the Divisional Inspector, in an annual report,.advised that only the best and strongest horses be used and the greatest care be taken to see they were not overloaded. We shall not be told of the very frequent derailment of tubs in the pits of the Swansea area. Again and again the official reports call attention to this undoubted evil. \Where loaded iron tubs each weigh over 35 cwt., sometimes two tons, it is not at all an Break/art by Me Roadrz'de. 350 August, I938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

The Humane Education SOciety

80, MOSLEY STREET, MANCHESTER, 2. Prerz'dmt: GEORGE ARLIss. Setretmy: ARTHUR MIDDLETON.

TEACHER AND CHILD—PERSONAL INFLUENCE

(T/yz'r article, written by a teat/yer, z'r pub/irked at the reqtmt of Hat/711.113 Brit/rattan Groupr.)

HOSE of us who teach older pupils, favour; it, is open to objections, except may well ask ourselves when the boys perhaps in the junior classes. The teaching and girls leave us for the Training of morality is, of course, inseparable from all College, the University, or some other sphere the ordinary school influence, but we are of work, whether the education which they concerned now with the question how best to have received has been on the right lines. give humane teaching of a definite kind. Has the study of languages and literature Children have a strong imagination and keen inspired the student with the true spirit of sense of justice; one can so easily make them the humanities? Is there any danger lest the sorry for the sufferer, and angry with the science teaching of our schools may have oppressor. If only one could give them a helped to produce types, who having parted glimpse of the cruelty and injustice endured by company with conscience, use their skill 'to human beings and animals in the world work evil? today, one feels that a noble army would be forthwith enlisted to do great things in the The Real Meaning of Education. near future. Such questions are of paramount importance if we do not believe education to be a thing of Teachers Great Opportunity. the intellect alone, but the right direction of the The head of'a school has the opportunity feelings and will, as well as the training of the of reserving a time for talks on subjects mind. It then rests with us to give to the outside those of the time—table. Current child, such ideals and belief as shall result in a events, books, social movements, offer a wide right attitude towards the world ; we must aim field of human interest, and here too is at producing men and women of wide in— perhaps the best time to dispel the ignorance terests and rightly directed sympathies. which blinds society to much of the cruelty French irregular verbs and mathematical which goes on unchecked. There are ques— formulae will be forgotten in ten or twenty tions of dress, the wearing of feathers and furs, years by the children to whom we have the various aspects of bird protection, cruel taught them, and these children will then be sports, etc. Occasional talks upon such busy with other matters ; they will have taken subjects will arouse intelligent interest and be their places in the world—what will be their of far—reaching influence. In many schools, aims and interests? Will they care for the however, no place is found for them, and the things that matter most? Will they use their individual teachers must take such oppor- influence on the side of progress and justice? tunities of giving humane teaching as the Or, ignorant of the great movements of the ordinary lessons may, from time to time, afford. time, will they be apathetic and self—centred ? It lies with the teachers to decide. Not all Literature and History. children are fortunate enough to come from The literature teacher has many opportuni- homes where the intellectual outlook is wide ties ; he may, from time to time, choose poems and moral tone deep. The school must in which the humane spirit is strongly marked. provide what is lacking; How best to do “ The Ancient Mariner,” Burn’s “ Lines to a it, is the problem. Mouse,” much of Cowper, Blake, and \Words— worth definitely teach sympathy with animals. Morality and Justice. - A class which enjoys Shelley’s incomparable The idea of moral instruction as a subject description of the soaring Skylark will realise to itself, does not appear to have won much the tragedy of the caged bird.

351 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, I936’

History rightly taught, will create a lively To the Editor of THE ANIMALs’ FRIEND. interest in the progress of humanity and lay a “ RINGING ” OF DOGS. foundation for the future study of economics DEAR SIR,-——It is amazing to find that the barbarous and sociology. Thus, Without partisanship old custom of “ ringing ” dogs’ noses to prevent them from worrying and propaganda, we are teaching, in a sound sheep still persists. Not only does the dog suffer pain from the operation and the and wise way, how to build up our individual presence of the ring, but there is the risk of further injury through and national life, free from strife, cruelty, the ring becoming entangled in some fixed object. poverty and warfare. This cruel form of mutilation is illegal, and in the past a number of convictions have been recorded against persons causing Humanise the Lessons. suffering to dogs in this way. Offenders are liable to a maximum penalty of three It rests then with the teacher to humanise months’ imprisonment, with a fine of 7525 in addition. all that he teaches, remembering that “ we Yours faithfully, work not for school, but for life.” In the C. R. JOHNS, light of the terrible events which are happening Secretary, Nationa/ Canine Defenee in the League. world today, we are seeing more clearly Victoria Station House, London, S.W.I. than ever before, what are the things that really matter. We need not be ashamed to To Me Editor stand for humane ideals in education. of THE ANIMALs’ FRIEND. THE SURPLUS E. A. CAT PROBLEM. DEAR SIR,—I have just returned from an Animal Shelter, haunted by the imploring eyes of a cat through Correspondence the glass lid of the lethal box. The usual laconic- reply was given to my enquiry as to why it had to be- there at all 2—“ A female—always having kittens—- To t/Je Editor of THE ANIMALs’ FRIEND. unwanted.” I could not offer a home as to ask the HORRORS. caretaker to give it me would have been suggesting a connivance at a breach of Shelter rules. DEAR SIR,——There is no doubt that we have all The of us in our make—up a little something that enables us to conviction which I have held for years is borne draw satisfaction from the contemplation of in upon me afresh that one of the bitterest and cruellest suffering. animal Though it is a hard thing for anyone devoted to the injuscices is this eternal harsh discrimination work of alleviation to admit, it is true that the against female cats ruthlessly penalised by their sex. appeal If that echoes the victims’ groans has a fascination about the two sterling rules to counter the surplus cat it which the more dignified approach does not problem, i.e., castration of the majority of males and com- immediate mand. It gets a hearing in a world where less pitiful destruction at birth of all kittens (save one cries are lost in the hubbub; and it gets a hearing for humanity’s sake) met with decent observance, among the right people, among those who will there would be no need for this adult female massacre. join But the ranks of the defenders and fight most strongly to they are in fact grossly neglected, and I wish a end the cruelty which attracted them. contingent could be formed to endeavour to stem this But the regidar patrons of a chamber of horrors drive against them which has even infected the mentality will of always be those who enjoy the grisly detail for its children. I remember small children coming into Paddington own sake. A consistent policy of scourging the shelter at Chichester Place when I once emotions will in time gather a select group of sensation- worked there, and holding out a lovely healthy young wallowers, and its humanitarian harvest will be creature at arm’s length, would ask me to “ do this ’ere meagre. in Let us sometimes savour our discourse among please.” On my demanding “ Why? ”—the anticipated grown—up people with a little of the bitter herb that reply came glib and pat—“ You see, she’s a grows all too profusely at our door. Let us not fear to .vbe.” Q. Speak of atrocities when we can thereby bring them to I know there are some professed cat lovers who are an end. But do not let us be led on by the success of out apparently to encourage this kind of thing. To me this method to become the purveyors of unsavoury it’s atrocious. I would suggest that those who feel as I morsels for the delectation of the depraved. do that it’s time a halt was called to this craze should Yours faithfully, pledge ourselves (in supplementation of the two GWENYTH GILL (Miss.) familiar and fundamental safeguards which it is down- 51, Upper Vernon Road, Sutton, Surrey. right criminal to ignore) to three objectives. They are perfectly practical, would cut at the core of To t/ye Editor of THE ANIMALS’ the curse, FRIEND. and it is only owing to the timidity and inertia of cat INTER—PROFESSIONAL ETIQUETTE. lovers that they have hung fire all this time. What we SIR,——The proposed deputation of Anti—vivisectionists must concentrate on therefore is to : to the Primate is so much waste of their valuable time. I. Support the prospective small taxation of cats. The authorities of one profession never oppose the This parliamentary policy is being pushed by the Animal authorities of another. Section of the Women’s Guild of Empire, whenever Church and Medicine are not going to be an exception occasion arises, several M.P.’s being in favour, and it to this rule. is also a plank in O.D.F.L. platform. S. CLAUDE TICKELL. 2. Support judicious splaying under Vicar of Latton-cum—Eysey, deep anaes- thesia at an early age under qualified veterinary Cricklade. surgeons. 352 ‘ August, 1938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

The great thing in all neutering of either sex is to do it Even the cows, and sheep want taking care of. People before the sex instinct arises, as once awake it never who own horses should take care of them, and not quite dies. The deprecation of certain veterinary illtreat them. surgeons to female neutering is often traceable to their People who shoot animals for sport are very cruel. lack of confidence to perform the operation successfully. The present somewhat prohibitive price is due to the comparative rarity of the demand but the former would decrease in ratio to the increase of the latter. I have MY PET. known and boarded dozens of happy, healthy, charming My pet is a cat and its colour is ginger and white. female neuters, and have only known one who was He always likes a kind word or a game. His age is somewhat fierce with other cats, not with humans. about ten months. He likes his dinner on a clean plate There is no more offence against Nature in neutering and his milk on a clean saucer. He is very young and the female than the male cat, and outcry against he plays with anything he can get hold of. He plays “thwarted motherhood,” if done before the sexual with Mum’s hair because it is very long. He never urge awakes, won’t hear analysis. gets on the road but it would not matter much if he 3. Support the keeping of ordinary female cats in did because there is not much traffic. He is out for limited range, and allow no breeding at all or very quite a long time and then he comes in for a rest. If seldom. Why not more cat runs? My own 4 females he sleeps indoors all day you should not put him out at have the run of the house, and a large wired out— night. If you do you. should leave the shed door open door: run with ladders, tree—tops and grass. They are and a comfortable basket inside, and also some food all decidedly middled—aged and never breed at all. for him to eat. He likes a nice bed as well as we do. Their “ calling ” is of a very mild description and soon We would not like to be put out into the cold air, over. so why should we do it to the cat? Some people do not The assertion that sex is everything in animals’ do that but others do! The cat is sometimes the lives is absolute tosh. I know I stand to be shot at, favourite animal in the family. ' and by many valued colleagues in my outlined policy of female cat championship, but that is unavoidable. A stand must be made in their tragic interests. A PET I SHOULD LIKE. M. DUDLEY WARD. 88, Warwick Avenue, S. Harrow. A pet I should like is a pony. If I ever had a pony I should first see whether the rain or wind could get into his stable. I should also see if it had fresh water, and clean food every day. A pony should have clean Childrens Competitions straw. It also should be shod at the” proper time,‘ without letting it roam about shoeless. I should give (T/ye fol/owing earrzperz'tz'om were written by e/yz'la’ren it a nice brisk trot every morning and evening. A attending Somb Woodbam Sebool, Cbe/mrford, during pony also should be brushed“ thoroughly to get the 1938 Animal Welfare Wee/é.) dust and mud out. The pony likes a field full of long grass, not short grass at which he can not get. KINDNESS TO ANIMALS. When the pony crops the grass so short you should put it into another field. You should not ride a horse I think everyone should be kind to animals and birds, till it gets wet with perspiration. The pony likes because they cannot talk, and tell us what they want. also his stable cleaned out when you give him his People should not have any animals if they know they clean straw. You should let your pony be out all day cannot take care of them properly. If people go away in the field if possible. for holidays they should take their pets with them. If people have cats they do not always like to keep them in the house at night, so if they do put them out they should see that they have a shed with a warm box inside to sleep in, and some milk. Even if cats do have milk, good food, and somewhere comfortable to sleep, they like a fuss made of them, and a kind word sometimes too. If people have dogs, and cannot let them off the NO FUN FAIR, BUT GLORIOUS much, because of the traffic, their chain should be chain SEA. a running chain. These are very light chains, which COUNTRY AND allow the dog to run up and down the garden although he is on a chain. Furnished cottage, 5 beds. They should see that he always has fresh water, and a Electricity. clean plate to have his food on. They should also see that his kennel is warm and clean inside, and that it is Main drainage. not facing the cold wind. Dogs are very intelligent animals if you are kind to them. Garden, Garage and Golf. Dogs and cats that live in towns are not as fortunate as those that live in the country, but their owners should After August 27th.- Write: Pringle, try to make it nice for them by taking them for runs every day. “ Cutty Brae,” Charmouth, Dorset. Most people are kind to dogs, and cats, but they sometimes forget the hens, and chickens in the farmyard.

353 .THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1938'

THE NATIONAL CANINE DEFENCE LEAGUE

The Pioneer Organization for the Welfare of Dag Gives skilled treatment to over 60,000 ailing dogs and other animals every year. Pleads the cause of the chained Or otherwise ill—treated dog, by the circulation of many thousands of posters and leaflets every year. Enlightens the public on all aspects of dog-welfare by press propaganda, cinema films, lantern lectures, essay competitions, etc. Seek: to proniln't tbe ninz'yeetion of dogs. Membership 23. 6d. upwards. CHAS. R. JOHNS, Secretary, VICTORIA STATION HOUSE, S.W.I

FOR HOLIDA YS THIS YEAR TR Y r

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DO COME, AND SEE FOR YOURSELF! Send today for Leaflet giving full information. Terms are very moderate. Miss ' NORA ALLEN, 3 3, Broad Park Avenue, Ilfracombe, Devon.

BRIGHTON -& HOVE The Little Animals’ Friend AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE. Price 1%d. post free. Ideal Boarding Establishment Edited by JESSEY WADE. Near Sea and Downs, generous . STORIES, PICTURES, COMPETITIONS, ETC. diet. Bedrooms, H. and C. Valuable in Schools and Homes. water, gas fires. Annual Subscription, post free, 15. 6d. M04597”)? T677715- Bound Volumes 1937. Price 1/9 per post artz'xtz'e and attractine Binding Tarzfl : MR. & MRS. MASSINGHAM THE HUMANE EDUCATION SOCIETY, 16 & I7 NORFOLK TERRACE, BRIGHTON 80 Mosley Street, Manchester 2.

The League for the Prohibition of Cruel Sports ' 7, VICTORIA STREET, WESTMINSTER, 5. W. . President: HAMILTON FYFE Secretary: J. C. SHARP. Hon. Treasurer : CANON F. LEWIS DONALDSON, M.A. THE LEAGUE holds that it is iniquitous to inflict suflering upon sentient animals for the purpose of sport—“ pleasure! ” IT CONDEMNS fox—hunting, deer-hunting, otter-hunting and hare-hunting, also rabbit- and hare-coursing. IT DEMANDS the substitution for the animal of a Drag. IT PROTESTS against the “ blooding ” of children, and demands its cessation. Annual Subscription 55., includes the Official Journal, CRUEL SPORTS, monthly.

354 August, 1938 THE ANIMALS’ FRIEND

HUMANE EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS AND

HOMES WILL END CRUELTY TO ANIMALS OUR SPECIAL CAMPAIGN IS YIELDING REMARKABLE RESULTS. DONATIONS AND GIFTS ARE URGENTLY NEEDED TO EXTEND THIS PRACTICAL WORK.

LEGISLATION IS SLOW AND UNSATISFACTORY. Please help The Humane Education Society to go ahead with effective and enduring , work for Horses, Dogs, Cats, Birds, and all Creatures in need of friendship ‘ and protection. Reporty, Leaflet: and Journal gladly sent on application to :— The Humane Education Society, 80, Mosley Street, Manchester, 2. GEORGE ARLISS, Prerident. ARTHUR MIDDLETON, Secretary.

The International League Of If You Are a Cat Lover You Should Join St. Hubert The Cats Protection (Bishop of Liége) ‘ League

This League has been instituted for the cessation The one SOCiety deVOted SOICIY to the welfare of all forms of cruelty, including the slaughter and Of cats and kittens. trapping of animals for human consumption and for personal adornment. And for the purpose of bringing M EM B E R S H I P 5/ = P ER AN N UM 9 before all nations the realisation of the callous taking including the Society’s official organ, of innocent life for sport and as a financial proposition. “ THE CAT ,, MEMBERS INVITED A . M b h, S b , . 6d All information from :_ ssoc1ate em CI'S 1p 11 SCflpthfl 3S. . pCf annum.

The Organising Secretary, Write for Free Literature to :——The Secretary, 29, 137, Church Street, Kensington, London, W.8 l ChurCh Street Slough Bucks.

National Society for Abolition of Cruel Sports 4 TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON, W.C.I. Cbairnzan: H. G. CHANCELLOR. Han. Trearurer: LORD OLIVIER. Hon. Secretaiy: BERTRAM LLOYD

New Publication: Everyone should read. DIGGING OUT and EARTH STOPPING By Iady Rolleston PRICE 2d.

T Remember the Nature Cure Hospital and IN CASE OF SICI

All yu/arcriptionr and communications for the Magazine .rlJoula’ be addrenea’ “ T/Je Editor, ANIMALS’ FRIEND, Feat/.zerrtone Buildingy, Higb Holborn, London W C 1.” 1HE 'ANIMALS’ FRIEND August, 1938

THE Doc’s BAZAAR

Music Hall, George Street, Edinburgh

TUESDAY, 29th NOVEMBER

Under the distinguished pat— ronage of the Right Hon. the. COUNTESS OF HADDINGTO (President) and others.

In aid of

The Scottish Society

for the Prevention

of Vivisection

Hon. Secretary: MISS N. IVORY

Centreéeez‘e'ees in money or geodi

will ée graze/fulfil reeeieed NO W M lee Cemxerzery

Pierrot—Fleurette and Polisonne

THE DOG’S BAZAAR, c/o Miss N. IVORY

IO QUEENSFERRY STREET, EDINBURGH

NO TE—Gzfis for fee Seez‘z‘z'yb Taz'l-Waggers’ Clue Stet/1 seed/d ée addreysed 2‘0 “Mae,” Secretary at Me same address,

Printed in Great Britain by the Surrey Fine Art Press, Cavendish Road, Redhill, Surrey, for the National Council for Animals’ VVelfare, 1, Feathetstonc Buildings, High Holborn, London, W.C.1.