'Glauca Pendula' Cephalotaxus Harringtonia 'Duke Gardens'
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Thuja Plicata Has Many Traditional Uses, from the Manufacture of Rope to Waterproof Hats, Nappies and Other Kinds of Clothing
photograph © Daniel Mosquin Culturally modified tree. The bark of Thuja plicata has many traditional uses, from the manufacture of rope to waterproof hats, nappies and other kinds of clothing. Careful, modest, bark stripping has little effect on the health or longevity of trees. (see pages 24 to 35) photograph © Douglas Justice 24 Tree of the Year : Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don In this year’s Tree of the Year article DOUGLAS JUSTICE writes an account of the western red-cedar or giant arborvitae (tree of life), a species of conifers that, for centuries has been central to the lives of people of the Northwest Coast of America. “In a small clearing in the forest, a young woman is in labour. Two women companions urge her to pull hard on the cedar bark rope tied to a nearby tree. The baby, born onto a newly made cedar bark mat, cries its arrival into the Northwest Coast world. Its cradle of firmly woven cedar root, with a mattress and covering of soft-shredded cedar bark, is ready. The young woman’s husband and his uncle are on the sea in a canoe carved from a single red-cedar log and are using paddles made from knot-free yellow cedar. When they reach the fishing ground that belongs to their family, the men set out a net of cedar bark twine weighted along one edge by stones lashed to it with strong, flexible cedar withes. Cedar wood floats support the net’s upper edge. Wearing a cedar bark hat, cape and skirt to protect her from the rain and INTERNATIONAL DENDROLOGY SOCIETY TREES Opposite, A grove of 80- to 100-year-old Thuja plicata in Queen Elizabeth Park, Vancouver. -
The Relation of Soil Characteristics to Growth and Distribution of Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana and Thuja,Plicata in Southwestern Oregon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF DAVID KIMBERLY IMPER for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in BOTANY AND PLANT PATHOLOGY presented on ty,.1/(980 Title: THE RELATION OF SOIL CHARACTERISTICS TO GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION OF CHAMAECYPARIS LAWSONIANA AND THUJA PLICATA IN SOUTHWESTERN OREGON Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: lkoLltcT B. Zobel Twelve plots at six sites in southwestern Oregon were studied to determine the degree to which various soil characteristics are related to the occurrence and growth of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana and Thu,la plicata. Soil profiles and vegetation were described in each plot, and measurements were made of insolation, soil and litter temperature, creek and groundwater characteristics, and litter accumulation. Growth was estimated by measurement of age, height, DBH, 10-year basal area increment, and foliage elongation between July, 1979, and January, 1980. In July and September, 1979, and January, 1980, mineral soils from the 0-10 cm level were analyzed for pH, moisture holding capacity, loss-on-ignition, and concentra- tions of nitrate, ammonium and total N. Nitrate and ammonium concentrations were also determined in stream and groundwater. In July and January, fine litter was analyzed for pH, nitrate and ammonium. On each sample date, soils and litter were incubated aerobically for five weeks at 28°C to determine their potentialfor ammonification and nitrification.Ammonium was added to some samples before incubation. Total N concentration was determined for individ- ual foliage samples (collected in September) in most plots; foliage and mineral soil samples were composited for each plot and analyzed for P, Ca, K and Mg concentrations.The various soil and other measurements were related to basal area increment by multiple regression analysis. -
Jaiswal Amit Et Al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61
Jaiswal Amit et al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 – 8407 Available online www.irjponline.com Review Article REVIEW / PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PLATYCLADUS ORIEANTALIS Jaiswal Amit1*, Kumar Abhinav1, Mishra Deepali2, Kasula Mastanaiah3 1Department Of Pharmacology, RKDF College Of Pharmacy,Bhopal, (M.P.)India 2Department Of Pharmacy, Sir Madanlal Institute Of Pharmacy,Etawah (U.P.)India 3 Department Of Pharmacology, The Erode College Of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India Article Received on: 11/09/11 Revised on: 23/10/11 Approved for publication: 10/11/11 *Email: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Platycladus orientalis, also known as Chinese Arborvitae or Biota. It is native to northwestern China and widely naturalized elsewhere in Asia east to Korea and Japan, south to northern India, and west to northern Iran. It is a small, slow growing tree, to 15-20 m tall and 0.5 m trunk diameter (exceptionally to 30 m tall and 2 m diameter in very old trees). The different parts of the plant are traditionally used as a diuretic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anthelmintic. However, not many pharmacological reports are available on this important plant product. This review gives a detailed account of the chemical constituents and also reports on the pharmacological activity activities of the oil and extracts of Platycladus orientalis. Keywords: Dry distillation, Phytochemisty, Pharmacological activity, Platycladus orientalis. INTRODUCTION cultivated in Europe since the first half of the 18th century. In cooler Botanical Name : Platycladus orientalis. areas of tropical Africa it has been planted primarily as an Family: Cupressaceae. -
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana: Lawson Falsecypress1 Edward F
ENH313 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: Lawson Falsecypress1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 Introduction General Information Often seen at 40 to 60 feet tall by 15 feet wide in its culti- Scientific name: Chamaecyparis lawsoniana vated form, this North American native can soar to heights Pronunciation: kam-eh-SIP-uh-riss law-so-nee-AY-nuh of 100 to 150 feet in the wild. The massive, thick trunk and Common name(s): Lawson falsecypress, Port Orford cedar formal, upright, conical silhouette is softened by the gently Family: Cupressaceae weeping tips of the short, upright branches. The flattened, USDA hardiness zones: 5B through 7B (Fig. 2) dark blue-green branchlets have a delicate, almost fern-like Origin: native to North America appearance, and are nicely complemented by the rough, Invasive potential: little invasive potential deeply furrowed, reddish-brown bark. Available in a wide Uses: specimen; screen; bonsai variety of forms and bluish foliage colors, Lawson falsecy- Availability: not native to North America press still remains today an important timber trees from the Pacific Northwest. But it is rare in the nursery trade and probably not well adapted to most landscapes. Figure 2. Range Description Height: 40 to 60 feet Spread: 15 to 25 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical Figure 1. Mature Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: Lawson Falsecypress 1. This document is ENH313, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 1993. Reviewed May 2014. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. 2. Edward F. Gilman, professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; Dennis G. Watson, former associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville FL 32611. -
Non-Native Trees and Large Shrubs for the Washington, D.C. Area
Green Spring Gardens 4603 Green Spring Rd ● Alexandria ● VA 22312 Phone: 703-642-5173 ● TTY: 703-803-3354 www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/greenspring NON - NATIVE TREES AND LARGE SHRUBS FOR THE WASHINGTON, D.C. AREA Non-native trees are some of the most beloved plants in the landscape due to their beauty. In addition, these trees are grown for the shade, screening, structure, and landscape benefits they provide. Deciduous trees, whose leaves die and fall off in the autumn, are valuable additions to landscapes because of their changing interest throughout the year. Evergreen trees are valued for their year-round beauty and shelter for wildlife. Evergreens are often grouped into two categories, broadleaf evergreens and conifers. Broadleaf evergreens have broad, flat leaves. They also may have showy flowers, such as Camellia oleifera (a large shrub), or colorful fruits, such as Nellie R. Stevens holly. Coniferous evergreens either have needle-like foliage, such as the lacebark pine, or scale-like foliage, such as the green giant arborvitae. Conifers do not have true flowers or fruits but bear cones. Though most conifers are evergreen, exceptions exist. Dawn redwood, for example, loses its needles each fall. The following are useful definitions: Cultivar (cv.) - a cultivated variety designated by single quotes, such as ‘Autumn Gold’. A variety (var.) or subspecies (subsp.), in contrast, is found in nature and is a subdivision of a species (a variety of Cedar of Lebanon is listed). Full Shade - the amount of light under a dense deciduous tree canopy or beneath evergreens. Full Sun - at least 6 hours of sun daily. -
Cupressaceae Calocedrus Decurrens Incense Cedar
Cupressaceae Calocedrus decurrens incense cedar Sight ID characteristics • scale leaves lustrous, decurrent, much longer than wide • laterals nearly enclosing facials • seed cone with 3 pairs of scale/bract and one central 11 NOTES AND SKETCHES 12 Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Port Orford cedar Sight ID characteristics • scale leaves with glaucous bloom • tips of laterals on older stems diverging from branch (not always too obvious) • prominent white “x” pattern on underside of branchlets • globose seed cones with 6-8 peltate cone scales – no boss on apophysis 13 NOTES AND SKETCHES 14 Cupressaceae Chamaecyparis thyoides Atlantic white cedar Sight ID characteristics • branchlets slender, irregularly arranged (not in flattened sprays). • scale leaves blue-green with white margins, glandular on back • laterals with pointed, spreading tips, facials closely appressed • bark fibrous, ash-gray • globose seed cones 1/4, 4-5 scales, apophysis armed with central boss, blue/purple and glaucous when young, maturing in fall to red-brown 15 NOTES AND SKETCHES 16 Cupressaceae Callitropsis nootkatensis Alaska yellow cedar Sight ID characteristics • branchlets very droopy • scale leaves more or less glabrous – little glaucescence • globose seed cones with 6-8 peltate cone scales – prominent boss on apophysis • tips of laterals tightly appressed to stem (mostly) – even on older foliage (not always the best character!) 15 NOTES AND SKETCHES 16 Cupressaceae Taxodium distichum bald cypress Sight ID characteristics • buttressed trunks and knees • leaves -
Case Study of Anatomy, Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Sapwood and Heartwood of Random Tree Platycladus Orientalis (L.) Franco from South-Eastern Poland
Article Case Study of Anatomy, Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Sapwood and Heartwood of Random Tree Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco from South-Eastern Poland Agnieszka Laskowska * , Karolina Majewska, Paweł Kozakiewicz , Mariusz Mami ´nskiand Grzegorz Bryk The Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (K.M.); [email protected] (P.K.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (G.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Oriental arborvitae is not fully characterized in terms of its microscopic structure or physical or mechanical properties. Moreover, there is a lot of contradictory information in the literature about oriental arborvitae, especially in terms of microscopic structure. Therefore, the sapwood (S) and heartwood (H) of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco from Central Europe were subjected to examinations. The presence of helical thickenings was found in earlywood tracheids (E). Latewood tracheids (L) were characterized by a similar thickness of radial and tangential walls and a similar diameter in the tangential direction in the sapwood and heartwood zones. In the case of earlywood tracheids, such a similarity was found only in the thickness of the tangential walls. The volume swelling (VS) of sapwood and heartwood after reaching maximum moisture content (MMC) was 12.8% (±0.5%) and 11.2% (±0.5%), respectively. The average velocity of ultrasonic Citation: Laskowska, A.; Majewska, waves along the fibers (υ) for a frequency of 40 kHz was about 6% lower in the heartwood zone K.; Kozakiewicz, P.; Mami´nski,M.; than in the sapwood zone. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOED) was about 8% lower in the Bryk, G. -
Vietnamese Conifers and Some Problems of Their Sustainable Utilization Ke Loc Et Al
Vietnamese conifers and some problems of their sustainable utilization Ke Loc et al. Vietnamese conifers and some problems of their sustainable utilization Phan Ke Loc 1, 2, Nguyen Tien Hiep 2, Nguyen Duc To Luu 3, Philip Ian Thomas 4, Aljos Farjon 5, L.V. Averyanov 6, J.C. Regalado, Jr. 7, Nguyen Sinh Khang 2, Georgina Magin 8, Paul Mathew 8, Sara Oldfield 9, Sheelagh O’Reilly 8, Thomas Osborn 10, Steven Swan 8 and To Van Thao 2 1 University of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi; 2 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; 3 Vietnam Central Forest Seed Company; 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; 5 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 6 Komarov Botanical Institute; 7 Missouri Botanical Garden; 8 Fauna & Flora International; 9 Global Trees Campaign; 10 Independent Consultant Introduction Vietnam is now recognized as one of the top ten global conifer conservation ‘hotspots’, as defined by the Conifer Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Vietnam’s conifer flora has approximately 34 species that are indigenous to the country, making up about 5% of conifers known worldwide. Although conifers represent only less than 0.3% of the total number of higher vascular plant species of Vietnam, they are of great ecological, cultural and economic importance. Most conifer wood is prized for its high value in house construction, furniture making, etc. The decline of conifer populations in Vietnam has caused serious concern among scientists. Threats to conifer species are substantial and varied, ranging from logging (both commercial and subsistence), land clearing for agriculture, and forest fire. Over the past twelve years (1995-2006), Vietnam Botanical Conservation Program (VBCP), a scientific cooperation between the Missouri Botanical Garden in Saint Louis and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources in Hanoi, has conducted various studies on this important group of plants in order to gather baseline information necessary to make sound recommendations for their conservation and sustainable use. -
Plant Palette - Trees 50’-0”
50’-0” 40’-0” 30’-0” 20’-0” 10’-0” Zelkova Serrata “Greenvase” Metasequoia glyptostroboides Cladrastis kentukea Chamaecyparis obtusa ‘Gracilis’ Ulmus parvifolia “Emer I” Green Vase Zelkova Dawn Redwood American Yellowwood Slender Hinoki Falsecypress Athena Classic Elm • Vase shape with upright arching branches • Narrow, conical shape • Horizontally layered, spreading form • Narrow conical shape • Broadly rounded, pendulous branches • Green foliage • Medium green, deciduous conifer foliage • Dark green foliage • Evergreen, light green foliage • Medium green, toothed leaves • Orange Fall foliage • Rusty orange Fall foliage • Orange to red Fall foliage • Evergreen, no Fall foliage change • Yellowish fall foliage Plant Palette - Trees 50’-0” 40’-0” 30’-0” 20’-0” 10’-0” Quercus coccinea Acer freemanii Cercidiphyllum japonicum Taxodium distichum Thuja plicata Scarlet Oak Autumn Blaze Maple Katsura Tree Bald Cyprus Western Red Cedar • Pyramidal, horizontal branches • Upright, broad oval shape • Pyramidal shape • Pyramidal shape, develops large flares at base • Pyramidal, buttressed base with lower branches • Long glossy green leaves • Medium green fall foliage • Bluish-green, heart-shaped foliage • Leaves are needle-like, green • Leaves green and scale-like • Scarlet red Fall foliage • Brilliant orange-red, long lasting Fall foliage • Soft apricot Fall foliage • Rich brown Fall foliage • Sharp-pointed cone scales Plant Palette - Trees 50’-0” 40’-0” 30’-0” 20’-0” 10’-0” Thuja plicata “Fastigiata” Sequoia sempervirens Davidia involucrata Hogan -
Chamaecyparis Lawsoniana in Europe: Distribution, Habitat, Usage and Threats
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats T. Houston Durrant, G. Caudullo The conifer Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl.) is native to a small area in North America. Variable in form, there are over 200 cultivars selected for horticultural purposes. It has been planted in many countries in Europe, usually as an ornamental, although the timber is also of good quality. It has been severely affected in its native range by root rot disease, and this has now spread to the European population. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl., known as Lawson cypress, or Port Orford cedar in the United States, is a Frequency large conifer native to North America. It belongs to the family < 25% 25% - 50% Cupressaceae, and is sometimes referred to as a “false-cypress” 50% - 75% to distinguish it from other cypresses in the family. It is long- > 75% lived (more than 600 years) and can reach heights of up to 50 m (exceptionally up to 70 m in its native range) and a diameter exceeding 2 m1, 2. The tree is narrowly columnar with slender, down-curving branches; frequently with forked stems. The bark is silvery-brown, becoming furrowed and very thick with age giving mature trees good fire resistance2, 3. The wood is highly aromatic with a distinctive ginger-like odour, as is the foliage which has a parsley-like scent when crushed3, 4. The evergreen scale-like leaves are around 2-3 mm long5. Abundant, round pea-sized cones ripen in autumn with seed dispersal occurring immediately after and continuing until the following spring6. -
Chamaecyparis Obtusa Hinoki Falsecypress1 Edward F
Fact Sheet ST-156 November 1993 Chamaecyparis obtusa Hinoki Falsecypress1 Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson2 INTRODUCTION This broad, sweeping, conical-shaped evergreen has graceful, flattened, fern-like branchlets which gently droop at branch tips (Fig. 1). Hinoki Falsecypress reaches 50 to 75 feet in height with a spread of 10 to 20 feet, has dark green foliage, and attractive, shredding, reddish-brown bark which peels off in long narrow strips. GENERAL INFORMATION Scientific name: Chamaecyparis obtusa Pronunciation: kam-eh-SIP-uh-riss ob-TOO-suh Common name(s): Hinoki Falsecypress Family: Cupressaceae USDA hardiness zones: 5 through 8A (Fig. 2) Origin: not native to North America Uses: Bonsai; screen Availability: somewhat available, may have to go out of the region to find the tree DESCRIPTION Height: 40 to 75 feet Spread: 10 to 20 feet Crown uniformity: symmetrical canopy with a regular (or smooth) outline, and individuals have more or less identical crown forms Figure 1. Mature Hinoki Falsecypress. Crown shape: pyramidal Crown density: dense Foliage Growth rate: medium Texture: fine Leaf arrangement: opposite/subopposite Leaf type: simple Leaf margin: entire 1. This document is adapted from Fact Sheet ST-156, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: November 1993. 2. Edward F. Gilman, associate professor, Environmental Horticulture Department; Dennis G. Watson, associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611. Chamaecyparis obtusa -- Hinoki Falsecypress Page 2 Figure 2. Shaded area represents potential planting range. -
The Taxonomic Position and the Scientific Name of the Big Tree Known As Sequoia Gigantea
The Taxonomic Position and the Scientific Name of the Big Tree known as Sequoia gigantea HAROLD ST. JOHN and ROBERT W. KRAUSS l FOR NEARLY A CENTURY it has been cus ing psychological document, but its major,ity tomary to classify the big tree as Sequoia gigan vote does not settle either the taxonomy or tea Dcne., placing it in the same genus with the nomenclature of the big tree. No more the only other living species, Sequoia semper does the fact that "the National Park Service, virens (Lamb.) End!., the redwood. Both the which has almost exclusive custodY of this taxonomic placement and the nomenclature tree, has formally adopted the name Sequoia are now at issue. Buchholz (1939: 536) pro gigantea for it" (Dayton, 1943: 210) settle posed that the big tree be considered a dis the question. tinct genus, and he renamed the tree Sequoia The first issue is the generic status of the dendron giganteum (Lind!.) Buchholz. This trees. Though the two species \differ con dassification was not kindly received. Later, spicuously in foliage and in cone structure, to obtain the consensus of the Calif.ornian these differences have long been generally botanists, Dayton (1943: 209-219) sent them considered ofspecific and notofgeneric value. a questionnaire, then reported on and sum Sequoiadendron, when described by Buchholz, marized their replies. Of the 29 answering, was carefully documented, and his tabular 24 preferred the name Sequoia gigantea. Many comparison contains an impressive total of of the passages quoted show that these were combined generic and specific characters for preferences based on old custom or sentiment, his monotypic genus.