Thus Spake Their Lordships! Quotable Quotes from Supreme Court CasesTM (SCC) (1969–2015)

SUMEET MALIK B.A., LL.B. (Hons.) (NLSIU), LL.M. (IP) (Franklin Pierce) Advocate, Supreme Court Associate Editor: ‘Supreme Court CasesTM’ Managing Editor: ITCC

Assisted by BHUMIKA INDOLIA B.A., LL.B. Assistant Editor

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Foreword

It has been said long back that when a good innovative idea springs up or a new dimension is presented, everyone who has the potential attributes to be connected feels the fragrance of it; and the said feeling get more accentuated with locomotive spirit when it associates itself with an institution. It also reflects keen and studied interest in the institutional mores that gradually becomes an echo. It is in contra-distinction to an individual voice.

The present book evocatively portrays the thoughts, definitely a collective one, of the Apex Court; and the inner beauty is that they have been artistically woven covering a period of four and half decades and decisively not striding in chronicle of time but respecting the idea and philosophy with efflux of time behind various subjects. The intention is singular’ to project it as a treasure-house of judicial wisdom with focus. The fundamental purpose, as one can perceive, is to structure the space and inject the intellect. The idea nurtured by the compilers is all inclusive.

The thought behind such a compilation is to acquaint the generation of lawyers with the theme how the authors of judgments have projected their views. It undoubtedly ignite one’s thinking and, at times, make on realise one’s place in the universe of law. A book of quotations is always inspiring if it is well chosen and there is synchronicity between the traditional views and the perception of modern times. The amalgam of history, historicity of approach and progressive modernism basically makes a book of quotations not only a store house of knowledge but also very distinctive pleasant reading. History has recorded how moderns are envious of the past and sometimes amused. But, the present book is an exception to those ideas. It, in fact, has reproduced what had already found place in the journal from the very inception. An observant vi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS! mind will indubitably perceive that the compilation is an exposition of arrangement which is topic-wise but not author-centric.

A legal quotation is expression of a thought, a view, a philosophy or a principle, stated with precision and clarity. It may be the core of the decision or a seed sown for future development of law. Lawyers while researching cases, and judges while writing judgments, constantly recollect having read a relevant principle or quotation somewhere, but will not be able to lay their hands on the decision. This compilation will enable the lawyers and judges and others interested in law, to access the appropriate quotation or principle with ease; and as this book also gives the reference of cases where the quotations occur, it will be easy for them to refer to the decision and understand the context in which the quoted statement has been made.

A quotation from a judgment is always reflective of three essential components, namely, creative spontaneity, diligent craftsmanship and concentrated deliberation. That is why it takes time and effort and required experience, sound knowledge of law, wisdom and clarity in thought and expression.

The present book emphasises on subject-orientation so that it can benefit the reader, the researcher, the academician, the advocates and the Judges. The qualitative paradigm is clearly spelt out. It can be said with certainty that the book commands serious concentration’ and simultaneously instils pleasantness. The idea of harmony is home.

As a humble reader, I have no speck of doubt that anyone who is interested in legal history and objective delight will find the book extremely useful.

[Dipak Misra] August 12, 2015 Preface

“You will die but the words you speak or spoke, will live forever.” —Auliq Ice

How does one encapsulate the individual and collective wisdom of men as worthy as Justices of a Supreme Court? In dispensing justice they state the mundane and the profound, and thus this compilation is an effort to collect those pearls and weave them in a thread to make a beautiful necklace. These gems of sublime thought and felicitous expression embody the aspirations and values of our developing law and deserve to be treasured and are worthy of being cited.

Inspired by the thoughts of the Judges, we at Supreme Court Cases (SCC) have been culling out interesting and important passages from judgments of the Supreme Court which contain many words of wisdom.

These quotations relate to many aspects of law and life. Some speak of the role of the State and the Judiciary, some comment on individual rights and freedoms, others remark on nation building – Some are idealist, some downright practical. These words by the Supremes will hopefully make millions think.

Having culled these quotes from the judgment we then thought of classifying them by broad topics with a cross referencing system so that readers can look them up from whichever topic that comes to their mind. Cross referencing in this book will also help the reader to get different perspectives of the quote. Also, an effort has been made to further divide the broad topics into sub topics, to make it easier to find the quotation that the reader is looking for, for eg. the topic ‘Supreme Court’ is further sub-divided into ‘Powers of’, ‘Role of’ etc.

We have also created an extensive word index by which the quotes which contain a particular word can be found. The Word Index also lists Articles of the Constitution and Sections of Acts and therefore can be really helpful in case the reader wishes to look for an excerpt with respect to a particular provision. viii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

We have incorporated a Judge Index by which readers can refer to the quotes of their idol Judges.

We hope that in creating this work, we are able to make the law a little less dreary and those engaged in the study of the law are made to think, reflect and may be follow these little gems.

We also gratefully acknowledge the efforts of legal editors, proof readers, compositors and legal interns who have given their best to this project

—Sumeet Malik Contents

Topic Index ...... XL

Name Index ...... LV

Table of Cases ...... LXV

Quotable Quotes ...... 1

Word Index ...... 1201 Topic Index

ABANDONMENT ...... 1 ACCOMMODATION ...... 11 See WAIVER See URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS ABDICATION ...... 1 ACCUSED ...... 11 See LEGISLATURE Rights of ...... 11 ABILITY TO PAY ...... 1 See POLICE AUTHORITIES See also LEGAL AID ABOVE THE LAW ...... 1 ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY . . . . 12 See RULE OF LAW See BASIC NEEDS ABSCONDING ...... 1 See also COURTS See also EXERCISE OF POWER See EVIDENCE See also INDUSTRIALISATION ABSENCE FROM DUTY ...... 2 See also PROPERTY See WAGES ACQUITTAL ...... 14 ABSOLUTE POWER ...... 2 See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE See POWER ACT OF STATE ...... 14 See also RULE OF LAW See EXERCISE OF POWER ABUSE ...... 2 ACT ...... 15 See COURTS Effect of ...... 15 ABUSE OF DRUGS ...... 2 ACTS AND OMISSIONS ...... 15 ABUSE OF POWER ...... 3 See MINISTER See ABUSE OF PROCESS See also ARBITRARINESS ADHOC APPOINTMENTS ...... 15 See also CHECKS AND BALANCES ADJOURNMENTS ...... 16 See also CORPORATION See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE See also CORRUPTION See also FAITH ADJUDICATION ...... 17 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See also JUSTICE See also JUSTICE See also LEGISLATION See also LEGISLATURE See also NATURAL JUSTICE See also POLICE See also PUBLIC POWER ADMINISTER ...... 17 See also PUNISHMENT Right to ...... 17 ABUSE OF PROCESS ...... 8 ADMINISTRATION ...... 17 See ABUSE OF POWER See BIAS See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM See also GOOD GOVERNANCE See also SUPERIOR COURT See also LEGISLATION ACCESSION ...... 10 ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL ACCIDENT CLAIMS ...... 10 JUSTICE SYSTEM ...... 18 See SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL See COURTS See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE ACCIDENT ...... 10 See also REVISION See NEGLIGENCE See also SENTENCE xii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE . . . . . 19 ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM ...... 36 See ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION See CIVIL SERVICES See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also CITIZEN ADMISSION ...... 36 See also CODE OF COMPULSORY COSTS See CONFESSION See also CONSISTENCY See also CORRUPT PRACTICES See also CONSTITUTION See also DISCRIMINATION See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS See also COURTS See also RESERVATION See also ELECTION See also SCHEDULE AND EXCELLENCE See also ESTOPPEL See also TEACHER See also EVIDENCE See also EXERCISE OF POWER ADOPTION ...... 37 See also FAIR CRITICISM See also HIGH COURT ADULTERATION ...... 37 See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY ADULTERY See also JUDGES ...... 38 See also JUDICIAL DECISIONS ADULTS ...... 38 See also JUDICIAL PROCESS See also JUDICIARY Right of ...... 38 See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also LAW ADVERSARY SYSTEM ...... 38 See also LEGISLATURE See LITIGATION See also LIBERTY See also LITIGATION ADVERSE POSSESSION ...... 38 See also PRECEDENTS See OWNER See also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE See also PROPERTY See also PRISONERS See also PROPERTY RIGHTS See also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See also UNAUTHORISED OCCUPANTS See also PROPRIETY See also PUBLIC POLICY ADVERTISEMENTS ...... 40 See also REASON See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See also RESPECT FOR LAW See also RULE OF LAW ADVERTISING ...... 40 See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See ECONOMIC SYSTEM See also SUPERIOR COURT See also SUPREME COURT ADVISORY OPINION ...... 41 See also UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS ADVOCACY ...... 41 ADMINISTRATION OF STATE ...... 33 See LEGAL PROFESSION See CIVIL SERVANTS See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION ...... 33 ADVOCATES/LAWYERS ...... 42 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE Duties of ...... 42 ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY . . . . . 34 Role of ...... 47 See DISCRETION See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also APPOINTMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS . . . . . 34 See also BAR See JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also INTIMIDATION OF JUDGES ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ...... 35 See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM See PUBLIC WELFARE See also JUSTICE See also LAW ADMINISTRATION OF LAW ...... 35 See also LEGAL PROFESSION See LAW See also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER See also REPRESENTATION OF PARTIES ...... 35 See also SOCIAL DUTY See NATURAL JUSTICE AFFIDAVIT ...... 47 ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS ...... 35 See AMENDMENTS AFFILIATION ...... 48 TOPIC INDEX  xiii

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ...... 48 APPOINTMENTS ...... 62 See EQUALITY Freedom to ...... 64 See also JUSTICE See ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also SECULARISM See also CONFIRMATION AND PROBATION AGENT ...... 49 See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS See also GOVERNOR AGGRIEVED PERSON ...... 49 See also JUDGES See also POLICE AGRARIAN REFORM ...... 49 APPORTIONMENT ...... 64 AIRWAVES ...... 49 APPROPRIATE PUNISHMENT ...... 64 ALLOTMENT ...... 50 See CRIME See ELECTION ARBITRAL ADJUDICATIONS ...... 64 ALMIGHTY ...... 50 See JUSTICE ARBITRARINESS ...... 65 See ABUSE OF POWER ALTERATION AND MODIFICATION . . . . 50 See also EQUALITY ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION . . . 50 See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also GOVERNOR See ARBITRATION See also REASON AMENDMENTS ...... 50 See also REASONABLENESS See also RULE OF LAW See ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS See also CONSTITUTION ARBITRARY ACTION ...... 68 See also CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS See RULE OF LAW See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also LAW ARBITRATION ...... 69 See also PARLIAMENT See CONTRACT See also PLEADINGS See also ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION ANCIENT MONUMENTS ...... 56 ARBITRATOR ...... 71 Protection of ...... 57 See JUDGES See CULTURAL HERITAGE ARMED FORCES ...... 71 ANIMAL WELFARE ...... 57 ARREST See COW SLAUGHTER ...... 71 ARTISTIC FREEDOM ANTHROPOCENTRISM ...... 57 ...... 72 See ECOCENTRISM ASCETICISM ...... 72 ANTICIPATORY BAIL ...... 57 ASSEMBLY ...... 73 ANTI-DEFECTION LAW ...... 58 Right of ...... 73 ANTI-DUMPING LAW ...... 59 ASSESSMENT OF TAX ...... 73 APOLOGY ...... 59 ASSOCIATION ...... 73 APPEAL ...... 59 Right to form ...... 74 Right of ...... 60 AUCTION ...... 74 See CONTEMPT OF COURT See NATURAL RESOURCES See also NATURAL JUSTICE AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM ...... 74 APPELLATE COURT ...... 61 See JUDICIARY Power of ...... 61 See also NATURAL JUSTICE See also RULE OF LAW APPELLATE POWER ...... 61 AUTHORITY ...... 77 APPLICATION OF MIND ...... 61 See FAIRNESS IN ACTION xiv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

AWARENESS ...... 77 BENAMI TRANSACTION ...... 89 See EDUCATION See BURDEN OF PROOF See also INFORMATION BENAMIDAR ...... 89 BACK WAGES ...... 78 BENEFIT OF DOUBT See REINSTATEMENT ...... 89 See also SERVICE LAW See EVIDENCE See also JUSTICE BACKWARD CLASS ...... 78 See also PROOF See DISCRIMINATION BENEFITS ...... 90 See also RESERVATION See COURTS BACKWARDNESS ...... 79 BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT . . . . . 90 BAD FAITH ...... 80 See PROOF See UNREASONABLENESS BHATHA LAND ...... 90 BAIL ...... 80 BIAS ...... 90 See JUDICIAL DISCRETION See ADMINISTRATION See also LAW See also REASONABLENESS BLACKLISTING ...... 91 BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE ...... 82 BOARD OF CONTROL FOR See JUSTICE CRICKET IN INDIA ...... 91 BALANCE OF POWER ...... 82 See CORRUPT PRACTICES BONA FIDE BALANCING OF RIGHTS ...... 82 ...... 92 See MEANS AND ENDS BANISHMENT ...... 83 BONDED LABOUR ...... 92 See IMPRISONMENT See EQUALITY BAR AND BENCH ...... 83 BREACH OF DUTY ...... 93 See JUDICIARY See RULE OF LAW BAR COUNCIL ...... 84 BREACH OF TRUST ...... 93 Powers of ...... 85 BREVITY ...... 93 Role of ...... 85 See CARE See PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See also PLEADINGS BAR ...... 86 BRIBES ...... 93 Role of ...... 86 BRIDE BURNING ...... 94 See ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See COURTS See also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See also WITNESS BASIC NEEDS ...... 86 BURDEN OF PROOF ...... 94 See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY See BENAMI TRANSACTION BASIC STRUCTURE ...... 86 See also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE See CONSTITUTION BUSINESS ...... 95 See also CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT See TRADE See also EQUALITY See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS CADRE ...... 96 See also JUDICIAL REVIEW See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM CAMPUS RIVALRY ...... 96 See also PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY See POLITICS See also PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY CANDIDATE ...... 96 BASIC WAGES ...... 88 See ELECTION BELIEF ...... 88 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ...... 96 See FAITH See REVENUE EXPENDITURE TOPIC INDEX  xv

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT ...... 96 CHEQUE ...... 113 See DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE See DEBT See also JUDICIARY See also LIFE CHIEF JUSTICE ...... 114 CAPITATION FEE ...... 99 Powers of ...... 114 See HIGH COURT CARE ...... 100 See BREVITY CHIEF MINISTER ...... 114 Powers of ...... 114 CASH DISCOUNT ...... 100 See TRADE DISCOUNT CHILD VICTIM ...... 114 CASTE ...... 100 See DAMAGES CASTEISM ...... 102 CHILD WELFARE ...... 114 See EQUALITY See PARENTS See also RULE OF LAW CHILDREN ...... 115 CASUAL LABOUR ...... 103 See EDUCATION See TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES See also GUARDIANSHIP See also PARENTS CASUS OMISSUS ...... 103 See also SEXUAL HARASSMENT CAUSA CAUSANS ...... 103 See also SOCIETY CAUSE OF ACTION ...... 103 CHIVALRY ...... 118 CENSOR ...... 104 CHRONIC DEFAULTER ...... 118 See CINEMAS CINEMAS ...... 118 CENSOR BOARD ...... 105 See CENSOR See MASS MEDIA See also MASS MEDIA CENSORSHIP ...... 106 CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE . . . . . 119 See PRE-CENSORSHIP See CONSPIRACY See also CRIME CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSIONER. . 107 CITIZEN ...... 121 CENTRE-STATE RELATIONSHIP . . . . . 107 Duty of ...... 121 CERTAINTY ...... 108 Rights of ...... 121 Doctrine of Certainty ...... 109 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See RULE OF LAW See also DEMOCRATIC VALUES See also SOCIAL JUSTICE See also FREEDOMS See also STABILITY See also RULE OF LAW CERTIORARI ...... 109 CIVIL LIBERTY ...... 122 CHARGES ...... 110 See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Framing of ...... 110 CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE ...... 123 See NATURAL JUSTICE CHANGE ...... 111 See REVOLUTION CIVIL SERVANTS ...... 123 CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT See ADMINISTRATION OF STATE ...... 111 See also FAIRNESS See DEMOCRACY CIVIL SERVICES ...... 123 CHARITABLE PURPOSE ...... 111 See ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM CHARITY ...... 111 See also EFFICIENCY See also INTEGRITY CHECKS AND BALANCES ...... 112 See also RULE OF LAW See ABUSE OF POWER See also WELFARE STATE See also CONSTITUTION See also SEPARATION OF POWER CIVIL SOCIETY ...... 124 xvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

CIVIL TRIAL ...... 124 COMPLAINT ...... 136 See DISPUTES COMPULSORY RETIREMENT ...... 136 CIVILISATION ...... 125 COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR See CRIMINAL LAW GENERAL OF INDIA ...... 137 CLASS OF CITIZENS ...... 125 CONCERN ...... 137 CLASSIFICATION ...... 125 See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See EQUALITY See also PUBLIC MISCHIEF CONCILIATION ...... 137 CODE OF COMPULSORY COSTS . . . . 128 CONDONATION OF DELAY ...... 138 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See LIMITATION CODIFICATION ...... 128 CONFESSION ...... 139 See ADMISSION COGNIZABLE OFFENCES ...... 129 See EQUALITY CONFIDENCE ...... 139 See JUSTICE COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS . . . . . 129 See MAINTENANCE CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS ...... 139 See CORRUPTION COLOURABLE EXERCISE OF POWER . . . 129 CONFIRMATION AND PROBATION . . . . 139 COLOURABLE LEGISLATION ...... 129 See APPOINTMENTS COMMERCIAL EXPEDIENCY ...... 130 CONFISCATION ...... 140 See PAYMENT See PENALTY COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ...... 130 CONJUGAL RIGHTS ...... 140 COMMON INTENTION ...... 131 See MARRIAGE See JOINT LIABILITY CONSCIENCE ...... 140 COMMON LAW ...... 131 Freedom of ...... 140 See EQUITY COMMON SENSE ...... 132 See also RELIGION COMMUNAL HARMONY ...... 132 CONSIDERATION ...... 141 See SECULARISM See CONTRACT COMPANY ...... 132 CONSISTENCY ...... 141 See PROFITS See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE COMPASSION ...... 133 CONSPIRACY ...... 141 See RULE OF LAW See CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE See also SYMPATHY See also CRIME COMPASSIONATE APPOINTMENT . . . . 133 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ...... 142 See EQUALITY CONSTITUENT POWER ...... 142 COMPENSATION ...... 133 CONSTITUTION ...... 143 See COURTS See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM Generally ...... 144 See also JUDICIAL DISCRETION Nature of ...... 149 See also MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE See also UNEMPLOYMENT Object of ...... 152 See also WORKER Abdication of Powers ...... 153 COMPETENCY TO CONTRACT . . . . . 135 Amendment ...... 154 Basic Features ...... 156 COMPETITION ...... 135 Checks & Balances ...... 157 COMPETITION LAW ...... 135 Constitution vis-à-vis Statute . . . . . 157 TOPIC INDEX  xvii

CONSTITUTION (contd .) CONSTITUTION (contd .) Constitutional Adjudication . . . . . 158 See also POLITICS See also PREAMBLE Constitutional Ideals ...... 158 See also PRECEDENTS Constitutional Interpretation . . . . . 159 See also PUNISHMENT Death Penalty ...... 160 See also RULE OF LAW See also SECULARISM Development ...... 160 See also SEPARATION OF POWER Directive Principles ...... 160 See also SOCIAL COMMITMENT See also STATE Duty of Court ...... 161 See also STATUTE Duty of State ...... 162 See also SUPERIOR COURT Equality ...... 163 See also SUPREME COURT Exercise of Statutory Powers . . . . . 163 CONSTITUTIONAL ADJUDICATION . . . 175 Exercise of Writ Jurisdiction . . . . . 163 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT . . . . 175 First Amendment ...... 164 See BASIC STRUCTURE Fundamental Rights ...... 164 See also RULE OF LAW Interpretation ...... 165 CONSTITUTIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS . . 176 Judicial Intervention ...... 166 Judicial Review ...... 166 CONSTITUTIONAL CONSTRUCTION . . . 176 Justice ...... 167 CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS ...... 176 Legislative Powers ...... 167 Duty of ...... 176 Power of Governor ...... 168 Role of ...... 177 Progress ...... 168 CONSTITUTIONAL ENACTMENT . . . . 177 Reasonable Restrictions ...... 169 See FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES Role of ...... 169 CONSTITUTIONAL EXPEDIENCY Role of Judiciary ...... 170 . . . . 177 See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION Secularism ...... 172 Separation of Power ...... 172 CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT . . . . 177 Social Justice ...... 173 See RULE OF LAW Social Revolution ...... 173 CONSTITUTIONAL HEAD ...... 177 Speedy Trial ...... 173 CONSTITUTIONAL IDEALS/VALUES . . . 178 Supremacy of Constitution . . . . . 174 See PROPERTY Will of the People ...... 174 See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY See also AMENDMENTS ...... 179 See also BASIC STRUCTURE See SECULARISM See also CHECKS AND BALANCES CONSTITUTIONAL INJUNCTION See also CONSTITUTIONAL INJUNCTION . . . . 179 See also CONVENTIONS See CONSTITUTION See also COURTS CONSTITUTIONAL LAW See also DEMOCRACY ...... 179 See also ELECTION See CONVENTIONS See also EQUALITY See also COURTS See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also JUDICIAL DISCRETION See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also NATUR AL LAW See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM See also ORDINARY LAW See also JUDICIARY See also RULE OF LAW See also JUSTICE See also STATE See also LABOUR WELFARE See also LAISSEZ FAIRE CONSTITUTIONAL POWER ...... 181 See also LAW See STATUTORY POWER See also LEGAL MEANS See also LEGISLATIVE POWERS CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS . . . . 181 See also PARLIAMENT See AMENDMENTS xviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES . . . . . 181 CONTEMPT OF COURT (contd .) See DELAY AND LACHES See also CORPORATION See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also COURTS See also RIGHT TO INFORMATION See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See also FAIR CRITICISM See also SUPREME COURT See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See also JUDICIARY CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINS/ See also JUSTICE RESTRICTIONS ...... 183 See also LAW See POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY See also LITIGANT See also PRESS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS ...... 183 See also PUBLIC INTEREST See SOCIO ECONOMIC RIGHTS See also SEPARATION OF POWER See also SPECIAL JURISDICTION CONSTITUTIONAL SAFEGUARDS . . . . 183 See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM ...... 183 CONTINGENT LIABILITY ...... 198 See POLITICS See also RELIGION CONTINUING EDUCATION ...... 198 See JUDGES CONSTITUTIONALISM ...... 184 CONTRACT ...... 199 CONSTITUTIONALITY ...... 184 Breach of ...... 202 See LAW Enforceability of ...... 202 CONSUMER ...... 184 Execution of ...... 202 CONSUMER GOODS ...... 185 Freedom of ...... 202 CONSUMER WELFARE ...... 185 Restraint of Trade ...... 203 See ARBITRATION CONTEMPT JURISDICTION ...... 185 See also CONSIDERATION See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See also DAMAGES See also TRUTH See also JUDICIAL REVIEW See also MISTAKE OF LAW CONTEMPT OF COURT ...... 186 See also PHILANTHROPY See also PUBLIC POLICY Actual damage ...... 186 See also SALES TAX Anarchism ...... 186 See also TIME AS THE ESSENCE Confidence in the Judiciary . . . . . 187 CONTRACT LABOUR ...... 203 Contempt by Public officer ...... 187 Contempt Power ...... 187 CONTRACT OF SALE ...... 204 Contempt vis-à-vis freedom of CONTRACT OF SERVICE ...... 204 speech and expression ...... 188 See SUSPEND Criminal Contempt ...... 189 CONTRACTUAL APPOINTMENTS . . . . 204 Criticism of Judges/Judgments . . . . 189 CONTROL ON BROADCASTING . . . . . 204 Defences ...... 192 See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION Disobedience of Orders ...... 192 CONVENTIONS ...... 205 Interference in Judicial Proceedings . . 194 See CONSTITUTION Justice ...... 194 See also CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Protection to Judges ...... 194 CONVERSION ...... 205 Reputation of Judges ...... 194 Right of Appeal ...... 196 CONVICT ...... 205 Scandalizing Judges/Courts . . . . . 196 See TRANSFER Truth as a Defence ...... 198 CONVICTION ...... 205 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE Stigma of ...... 205 See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also APPEAL COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES ...... 206 TOPIC INDEX  xix

COPARCENARY PROPERTY ...... 206 COURT OF APPEAL ...... 220 See HIGH COURT COPARCENER RIGHTS ...... 206 See PARTITION COURT PRACTICE ...... 221 COPYRIGHT ...... 206 COURT PROCEEDINGS ...... 221 See PLAGIARISM See EXEMPLARY COSTS CORPORATE GIANTS ...... 206 COURTS ...... 221 See JUSTICE Duty of ...... 225 CORPORATE VEIL ...... 206 Flexible Approach of Court . . . . . 240 See SOCIAL CONTROL Function of ...... 240 CORPORATION ...... 206 Hierarchy of ...... 240 Duty of ...... 208 Overburdening of ...... 241 See ABUSE OF POWER Power of ...... 241 See also CONTEMPT OF COURT Role of ...... 243 See also GOVERNMENT See ABUSE See also PUBLIC SERVICES See also ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY CORROBORATION OF EVIDENCE See also ADMINISTRATION OF . . . . 208 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See RAPE See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE CORRUPT PRACTICES See also BENEFITS ...... 209 See also BRIDE BURNING See ADMISSION See also COMPENSATION See also BOARD OF CONTROL See also CONSTITUTION FOR CRICKET IN INDIA See also CONSTITUTIONAL LAW See also COURTS See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also ELECTION See also CORRUPT PRACTICES See also FAIRPLAY See also CORRUPTION See also POLITICAL PARTIES See also COSTS See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM CORRUPTION ...... 212 See also CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE See ABUSE OF POWER See also DECISION See also CONFIDENTIAL REPORTS See also ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See also COURTS See also EQUALITY See also DEMOCRACY See also EVIDENCE See also DISCRETION See also FAIRNESS See also EVILS See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION See also GOVERNMENT SERVANTS See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also LIBERTY See also GOVERNMENT See also LOKAYUKTA See also HUMAN RIGHTS See also POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY See also INJUSTICE See also PROOF See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also PUBLIC SERVANT See also INVESTIGATION See also PUBLIC SERVICES See also JUDICIAL REVIEW See also SOCIAL ORDER See also JURISDICTION See also JUSTICE COSTS ...... 219 See also JUVENILITY See COURTS See also LAW See also LEGISLATION COUNCIL OF MINISTERS ...... 219 See also LEGISLATURE See ACTS AND OMISSIONS See also LIFE See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also MORTGAGE See also MINISTER See also NEPOTISM See also PRIME MINISTER See also PARTIES See also PERSONAL LIBERTY COUNCILLOR ...... 220 See also PLEADINGS See JURISDICTION See also PREVENTIVE DETENTION See also PROCESSUAL LAW COURAGE ...... 220 See also PROOF See FEAR See also PROPERTY xx  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

COURTS (contd .) CRIME (contd .) See also PUBLIC INTEREST See also JUSTICE See also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION See also MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES See also PUBLIC MORALS See also OFFENCE See also PUNISHMENT See also POLICE REPORT See also QUO WARRANTO See also POLITICAL IDEOLOGY See also REPRESENTATION See also PUBLIC ORDER See also RESPECT FOR LAW See also PUBLIC SERVANT See also RIGHTS See also PUNISHMENT See also RULE OF LAW See also SENTENCE See also SALE See also SEXUAL HARASSMENT See also SELF INCRIMINATING See also VIOLENCE See also SENTENCE See also WOMEN EMPOWERMENT See also SENTENCING POLICIES See also SOCIAL NORMS CRIMINAL ACTION ...... 254 See also SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION CRIMINAL BREACH OF TRUST See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION . . . . 254 See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL CRIMINAL CONDUCT ...... 254 See also STATUTORY DUTY See POLICE See also SUSPENSION See also UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS CRIMINAL COURT ...... 254 COW SLAUGHTER ...... 244 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION ...... 254 See also ANIMAL WELFARE CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE CREATION OF GOODWILL ...... 255 ...... 245 See BURDEN OF PROOF CREDIBILITY ...... 245 See also EVIDENCE See also FAIRPLAY See JUSTICE See also PROOF See also PUBLIC CONFIDENCE See also REFORMATIVE THEORY CRIME ...... 245 See also SENTENCING POLICIES See also VICTIMOLOGY Generally ...... 246 Capital Punishment ...... 247 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ...... 256 See COMPENSATION Crimes Against Women ...... 247 See also COURTS Crime Statistics ...... 249 See also CRIMINAL OFFENCES Crimes Against Public Servant . . . . 250 See also CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION See also FAIR TRIAL Crimes by Youth ...... 250 See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION Criminal Jurisprudence ...... 250 See also INVESTIGATION See also JUDGES Dispensation of Justice ...... 251 See also JUSTICE Duty of Administration ...... 251 See also POLICE Essentials of ...... 252 See also RULE OF LAW See also SENTENCE Imposition of Sentence ...... 252 Justice ...... 252 CRIMINAL LAW ...... 262 See CIVILISATION Sentencing Policy ...... 253 See also INVESTIGATION See APPROPRIATE PUNISHMENT See also SENTENCE See also CIRCUMSTANTIAL EVIDENCE See also CONSPIRACY CRIMINAL LIABILITY ...... 262 See also CUSTODIAL DEATHS See SENTENCE See also DETERRENT PUNISHMENT See also DOWRY CRIMINAL OFFENCES ...... 263 See also DOWRY DEATH See CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See also EDUCATION See also PRIVILEGES See also EMERGENCY See also HUMANITY CRIMINAL PROCEEDING ...... 263 See also INDISCRETIONS See also INVESTIGATION CRIMINAL TRIAL ...... 263 See also JUDICIARY See CROSS EXAMINATION See also JURISPRUDENCE See also JUDGES TOPIC INDEX  xxi

CRIMINALISATION OF POLITICS . . . . . 264 DE FACTO DOCTRINE ...... 277 See DEMOCRACY See also VOTER DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE ...... 277 Commutation of ...... 284 CRIMINALS ...... 264 See ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL See RELIGION JUSTICE SYSTEM CRIMINOLOGY ...... 264 See also CAPITAL PUNISHMENT See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See JUDGE MADE LAW See also JUDGES See also PENOLOGY See also LEGISLATURE See also PUNISHMENT See also See also SENTENCE LIFE See also PUBLIC WELFARE CRITICISM ...... 266 See also RAREST OF THE RARE CASE See DECISION See also SENTENCING POLICIES See also TERRORISM CROSS EXAMINATION ...... 266 DEBT See CRIMINAL TRIAL ...... 284 See CHEQUE CRUELTY ...... 266 See MARRIAGE DECISION ...... 284 See COURTS CULPABLE NEGLIGENCE ...... 267 See also CRITICISM See also HUMAN MIND CULTURAL HERITAGE ...... 268 See also JUDICIAL REVIEW See ANCIENT MONUMENTS See also LIS See also MINING See also PRECEDENTS CULTURE See also REASON ...... 268 See also SENTENCE See EMPLOYMENT DECISION MAKING POWER ...... 286 CUSTODIAL DEATHS ...... 268 See FAIRPLAY See CRIME See also JUSTICE See also LIFE See also POLICE DECISION MAKING PROCESS . . . . . 286 CUSTODIAL INTERROGATION . . . . . 270 See DISCHARGE OF DUTIES See also EDUCATION See CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See also GOVERNMENT CUSTODIAL TORTURE ...... 270 See also TRANSPARENCY See HUMAN DIGNITY DECLARATION OF LAW ...... 286 CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE ...... 271 See LIQUIDATION COURT See COURTS See also LIS See also HUMAN RIGHTS DEED See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY ...... 287 See INTENTION CUSTODIANS ...... 273 See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION Duty of ...... 273 DEFENCE PERSONNEL ...... 287 CUSTOM ...... 273 DEFENCE ...... 288 See SOURCE OF LAW Right to ...... 288 CUSTOMARY LAW ...... 274 DELAY See SUCCESSION ...... 288 Delay and Laches ...... 289 CYPRES ...... 274 Delay in Proceedings ...... 290 DAMAGES ...... 275 See CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES See CHILD VICTIM See also EQUITY See also CONTRACT See also FAIR TRIAL See also JUSTICE DANCE BARS ...... 276 See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See MORALITY See also LIMITATION xxii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

DELAY (contd .) DETENTION ...... 307 See also MISTAKE See PERSONAL LIBERTY See also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION See also REPRESENTATION See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL See also WRITS DELEGATED LEGISLATION ...... 291 DETENU ...... 308 See EXERCISE OF POWER Rights of ...... 308 See also LAISSEZ FAIRE See also PARLIAMENT DETERMINATION OF LIABILITY . . . . . 308 DELEGATION OF POWER ...... 291 DETERRENCE THEORY ...... 309 DELIVERY OF POSSESSION ...... 293 See RASH AND NEGLIGENT ACT DEMOCRACY ...... 293 DETERRENT PUNISHMENT ...... 309 See CHANGE IN GOVERNMENT See CRIME See also CONSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT ...... 309 See also CORRUPTION See also CRIMINALISATION OF POLITICS See HUMAN RIGHTS See also ELECTION See also INDIA See also EQUALITY See also LAW See also FRATERNITY See also MISUSE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also PROGRESS See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY DEVELOPMENTAL LEGISLATION See also INDIA . . . . 311 See also RIGHT TO INFORMATION DIFFERENCES OF DEGREES ...... 311 See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM See also JUSTICE DIGNITY ...... 311 See also LAW See DISCIPLINE See also LEGISLATURE See also LIFE See also NOTA See also PERSONAL LIBERTY See also PANCHAYAT See also PARTICIPATE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES ...... 312 See also PLEASURE, DOCTRINE OF See EQUALITY See also POWER See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also PUBLIC ETHICS See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also RELIGION See also STATE See also RULE OF LAW See also SUPREME COURT See also SECULARISM See also SEPARATION OF POWER DIRECTORS ...... 314 See also SOCIAL ORDER See also TERRORISM Obligations of ...... 314 See also VOTING RIGHT DISCHARGE OF DUTIES ...... 315 DEMOCRATIC FORM OF GOVERNMENT . 306 See DECISION MAKING PROCESS See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY ...... 306 See HAPPINESS DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS ...... 315 See also HUMAN WELFARE See JUDICIAL SERVICES DEMOCRATIC VALUES ...... 306 DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS . . . . 316 See CITIZEN DISCIPLINE ...... 316 DEMOGRAPHY ...... 306 See DIGNITY See RESERVATION See also DISMISSAL FROM SERVICE See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DEMONSTRATE ...... 307 See also EMPLOYEE See STRIKE See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM See also MISCONDUCT DENUNCIATORY THEORY ...... 307 See also MORALE See PUNISHMENT See also PERSONAL LIBERTY DESERTION ...... 307 DISCREPANCY ...... 317 TOPIC INDEX  xxiii

DISCRETION ...... 317 DONATION ...... 325 See ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY See GIFT See also CORRUPTION See also EXERCISE OF POWER DOWRY ...... 326 See also PREROGATIVE See CRIME See also SOCIAL ORDER DOWRY DEATH ...... 326 DISCRETIONARY POWER ...... 317 See CRIME See EQUALITY See also MARRIAGE See also RULE AGAINST BIAS DRAFTING ...... 327 DISCRIMINATION ...... 318 See ADMISSION DRUG TRAFFICKING ...... 327 See also BACKWARD CLASS DUAL RESPONSIBILITY See also EQUALITY ...... 328 See also HUMAN RIGHTS See PUBLIC SERVANT See also REASONABLE CLASSIFICATION DUE PROCESS OF LAW See also RESERVATION ...... 328 See also STATE LARGESSE See PUNISHMENT DISMISSAL FROM SERVICE ...... 320 DUTY ...... 328 See DISCIPLINE Performance of ...... 329 See also ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See RIGHTS DISOBEDIENCE ...... 320 DYING DECLARATION ...... 329 DISPENSATION OF JUSTICE ...... 321 EASEMENT ...... 330 See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See also JUDICIAL PROCESS ECOCENTRISM ...... 330 See also STATE See ANTHROPOCENTRISM DISPLACEMENT ...... 321 ECOLOGICAL BALANCE ...... 330 See REPEAL See WILDLIFE PROTECTION DISPUTE RESOLUTION ...... 321 ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM ...... 331 DISPUTES ...... 321 ECONOMIC JUSTICE ...... 331 See CIVIL TRIAL See also OBEDIENCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...... 332 See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY DISSOLUTION ...... 322 Of Assembly ...... 322 ECONOMIC INTEREST ...... 332 See SCAMS Of Partnership ...... 323 See ELECTION ECONOMIC NEED ...... 332 See also POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY See PROPERTY See also RECONSTITUTION ECONOMIC OFFENCES ...... 332 DISTRIBUTION OF OWNERSHIP See MORAL TURPITUDE AND CONTROL ...... 323 See STATE ECONOMIC SYSTEM ...... 333 See ADVERTISING DISTRIBUTION OF POWER ...... 323 EDUCATION ...... 333 DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES . . . . 323 Education System ...... 343 DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE ...... 323 Right to ...... 344 See TAX Role of ...... 347 DIVORCE ...... 324 See AWARENESS See also CHILDREN See MARRIAGE See also CRIME DOCTRINE OF IMPLICATION ...... 324 See also DECISION MAKING PROCESS See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DOCTRINE OF PIERCING THE VEIL . . . 325 See also EQUALITY xxiv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

EDUCATION (contd .) ELECTION (contd .) See also EXAMINATION Secrecy of Ballot ...... 367 See also EXCELLENCE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Undue Influence ...... 368 See also INDUSTRY Will of People ...... 368 See also INFORMATION See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES See also ALLOTMENT See also JUDICIARY See also CANDIDATE See also LEGAL SYSTEM See also CONSTITUTION See also MINORITY INSTITUTIONS See also CORRUPT PRACTICES See also POVERTY See also DEMOCRACY See also RELIGION See also DISSOLUTION See also RESERVATION See also DISSOLUTION OF ASSEMBLY See also RIGHT TO KNOW See also ELECTION See also SECULARISM See also EVIDENCE See also STATE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also TEACHER See also GOVERNMENT CONTRACT See also UNIFORMITY See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION EDUCATIONAL BACKWARDNESS . . . . 347 See also NOTA See also PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION See SOCIAL BACKWARDNESS See also REMOVAL FROM OFFICE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS . . . . . 347 See also RE-POLL See also SECRECY See ADMISSION See also SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY See also APPOINTMENTS See also UNDUE INFLUENCE See also DISCIPLINE See also VIGILANCE See also EDUCATION See also VOTE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also QUASHING OF ADMISSIONS ELECTION COMMISSION ...... 368 See also RECOGNITION See also SECULARISM Powers of ...... 369 See MALPRACTICES EFFICIENCY ...... 350 ELECTORAL COLLEGE See CIVIL SERVICES ...... 369 See PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS EJUSDEM GENERIS ...... 351 ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE ...... 370 ELECTION ...... 351 ELIGIBILITY ...... 370 Generally ...... 352 See MEMBERS OF COURTS/TRIBUNAL Corrupt Practices ...... 353 EMERGENCY ...... 370 Democracy ...... 354 See CRIME Democratic Government ...... 354 See also EXECUTIVE ACTION Disqualification ...... 355 EMERGENCY PROVISIONS ...... 371 Election Campaign ...... 355 EMPLOYEE ...... 371 Election Expense ...... 356 Conduct of ...... 372 Election Law ...... 356 Duty of ...... 372 Election Petition ...... 358 Rights of ...... 372 Election Poll ...... 360 Transfer of ...... 372 Election Process ...... 360 See DISCIPLINE Electoral Disputes ...... 362 See also WORK Electoral Process ...... 363 EMPLOYER ...... 372 Electorate ...... 363 See LABOUR LAW Free and Fair Elections ...... 364 See also WORKER Improper Rejection ...... 366 EMPLOYMENT ...... 373 Proportional Representation . . . . . 366 See CULTURE See also EQUALITY Qualification of Candidate . . . . . 367 See also INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE Right to Contest ...... 367 See also STATE TOPIC INDEX  xxv

ENCOUNTER ...... 374 EQUALITY (contd .) See POLICE Rule of Law ...... 403 ENCROACHMENT ...... 375 Scope ...... 404 ENDOWMENT United Action ...... 404 ...... 375 See AFFIRMATIVE ACTION ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS ...... 375 See also ARBITRARINESS See also BASIC STRUCTURE See LIMITATION See also BONDED LABOUR ENMITY ...... 375 See also CASTEISM See also CLASSIFICATION ENTRY ...... 376 See also COGNIZABLE OFFENCES See also COMPASSIONATE APPOINTMENT ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY ...... 376 See also CONSTITUTION See COURTS See also COURTS See also DISMISSAL FROM SERVICE See also DEMOCRACY See also ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT See also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES See also ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTION See also DISCRETIONARY POWER See also MINING See also DISCRIMINATION See also NUCLEAR ENERGY See also EDUCATION See also PROPORTIONALITY See also EMPLOYMENT See also PUBLIC TRUST See also EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWS See also RIGHTS AND DUTIES See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT See also EXPERIENCE See also UNIVERSAL HUMAN DEPENDENCE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also GOOD GOVERNANCE ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION . . . . . 380 See also JUSTICE See MINING See also LAW See also MINORITY RIGHTS EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK . . . . . 380 See also MORALITY See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE See also PROMOTION EQUAL PROTECTION OF LAWS . . . . . 381 See also REASONABLE CLASSIFICATION See EQUALITY See also RESERVATION See also RULE OF LAW EQUALITY ...... 381 See also SECULARISM Generally ...... 382 See also SENIORITY-CUM-MERIT See also TA X LAWS Absolute Discretion ...... 389 See also UNIFORMITY Absolute Equality ...... 389 EQUALITY AND LIBERTY ...... 405 Admission ...... 390 Affirmative Actions ...... 390 EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY . . . . . 405 See EXPRESSION Allotment of land ...... 391 See also PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT Arbitrariness ...... 392 See also RESERVATION Bonded Labour ...... 392 EQUITABLE CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . 405 Casteless and Classless Society . . . . 393 See INDIVIDUALISATION OF JUSTICE Discrimination ...... 393 See also PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT Distribution of Natural Resources . . . 394 EQUITABLE PRINCIPLES ...... 405 Equal Treatment ...... 394 EQUITY ...... 406 Equal Pay for Equal Work ...... 396 See CONSCIENCE Equality and Excellence ...... 396 See also DELAY See also JURISDICTION Object ...... 397 See also JUSTICE Of Status and Opportunity . . . . . 397 See also LAW Precedents ...... 401 See also NON-DISCRIMINATION Reasonable Classification ...... 401 ESTABLISHMENT ...... 407 Right to ...... 402 ESTOPPEL ...... 407 Role of Courts ...... 403 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE xxvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

ETHICS ...... 408 EXERCISE OF POWER (contd .) See also ARBITRARINESS EUTHANASIA ...... 408 See also CONTEMPT OF COURT EVE TEASING See also COUNCIL OF MINISTERS ...... 409 See also DELEGATED LEGISLATION See HARASSMENT See also DISCRETION EVICTION See also EQUALITY ...... 409 See also EXECUTIVE EVIDENCE ...... 409 See also FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES See also GOVERNMENT SERVANTS Admissibility of ...... 414 See also JUDICIAL DISCRETION Appreciation of ...... 414 See also JUDICIARY See also MALICE See ABSCONDING See also MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also PARLIAMENT See also BENEFIT OF DOUBT See also PUBLIC FUNCTIONARIES See also COURTS See also REASONABLENESS See also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE See also RULE OF LAW See also ELECTION See also STATE See also OFFENCE See also STATUTORY BODIES See also ONUS PROBANDI See also TREATY See also PLEADINGS See also WITNESS See also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE See also RECITALS IN BOOKS EXERCISE OF RIGHTS ...... 429 See also SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS EVILS ...... 414 EXPECTATION ...... 429 See CORRUPTION See TIME EXAMINATION ...... 414 EXPERIENCE ...... 430 See EDUCATION See EQUALITY See also RECORDS EXPRESSION ...... 430 EXCELLENCE ...... 415 See EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY See EDUCATION See also OPEN CRITICISM See also RESTRICTION EXCEPTIONS ...... 415 EXTRA JUDICIAL CONFESSION . . . . . 430 EXCISE DUTY ...... 415 EXTRA TERRITORIAL PRIVILEGES . . . 430 EXECUTION COURT ...... 415 EXTRADITION ...... 431 EXECUTIVE ...... 415 FAIR CRITICISM ...... 432 Role of ...... 416 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See EXERCISE OF POWER See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC FAIR HEARING ...... 432 EXECUTIVE ACTION ...... 416 See NATURAL JUSTICE See EMERGENCY See also MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC FAIR PROCEDURE ...... 432 See FAIRNESS EXECUTIVE POWER ...... 416 FAIR TRIAL ...... 432 EXEMPLARY COSTS ...... 417 See CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See COURT PROCEEDINGS See also DELAY See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION EXEMPTION ...... 417 See also JUSTICE See also LEGAL AID EXERCISE OF POWER ...... 417 See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY See also MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE See also ACT OF STATE See also PLEADINGS See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also RULE OF LAW See also AMENDMENTS See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL TOPIC INDEX  xxvii

FAIRNESS ...... 435 FISCAL LAWS ...... 445 See CIVIL SERVANTS See also COURTS FOOD ADULTERATION ...... 446 See also FAIRPLAY FOREIGN EXCHANGE ...... 446 See also FAIR PROCEDURE See also JUSTICE FOREIGN INVESTORS ...... 447 See also NATURAL JUSTICE See RULE OF LAW See also PARTITION See also PUBLIC INTEREST FOREIGN JUDGMENT ...... 447 FAIRNESS IN ACTION ...... 437 FORGED DOCUMENTS ...... 447 See AUTHORITY See WILL FAIRPLAY ...... 437 FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION . . . 447 See CORRUPT PRACTICES See also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE FRATERNITY ...... 448 See also DECISION MAKING POWER See DEMOCRACY See also FAIRNESS See also JUSTICE FRAUD ...... 448 See also NATURAL JUSTICE See FRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANT See also JUSTICE FAITH ...... 438 See also MARRIAGE See ABUSE OF POWER See also BELIEF FRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANT ...... 449 FAMILY ...... 438 See FRAUD See NATIONAL POLICY See also JUSTICE FARMER SUICIDES ...... 438 FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM ...... 449 FATWA ...... 439 See PROMOTION FEAR ...... 439 FREE MARKET ECONOMY ...... 449 See COURAGE FREE SPEECH ...... 449 FEDERALISM ...... 440 See PRESS FEE ...... 440 FREEDOMS ...... 450 See TAX Freedom vis-à-vis order ...... 451 FEMALE FOETICIDE ...... 441 Right to ...... 451 See CITIZEN See WOMEN EMPOWERMENT See also HUMAN PERSONALITY FICTION ...... 442 See also JUSTICE See also LIBERTY FIGHT ...... 442 See also REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS See also RIGHTS FILMS ...... 442 See also STATE See SOCIAL EVIL See also TITLES FRIVOLOUS LITIGANTS ...... 453 FINANCIAL SWINDLERS ...... 442 FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION ...... 453 See STATE See COURTS See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM FINALITY ...... 443 See also dISCHARGE OF DUTIES See INTEREST REIPUBLICAE See also LIBERTY UT SIT FINIS LITIUM See also LITIGIOUSNESS See also POLITICAL BATTLE FINE ...... 444 See also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION FIRM ...... 444 See also STATE See PARTNERSHIP See also SUPREME COURT FIRST INFORMATION REPORT . . . . 445 FULL FAITH AND CREDIT ...... 458 xxviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES ...... 458 GENDER (contd .) See CONSTITUTIONAL ENACTMENT Gender Justice ...... 476 See also EXERCISE OF POWER Gender Sensitivity ...... 477 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ...... 459 See JUDICIAL REVIEW See ABUSE OF POWER See also BASIC STRUCTURE GENERALATIES ...... 478 See also CIVIL LIBERTY GIFT See also CONSTITUTION ...... 478 See also CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES See DONATION See also COURTS GO SLOW See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE ...... 478 See also DEMOCRACY See MISCONDUCT See also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES GOD See also EDUCATION ...... 478 See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS GOLDEN RULE ...... 478 See also ELECTION See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK See also EQUALITY GOODWILL ...... 479 See also EXERCISE OF RIGHTS See also HUMAN RIGHTS GOOD GOVERNANCE ...... 479 See also JUDGES See ADMINISTRATION See also LAISSEZ FAIRE See also EQUALITY See also LAW See also PUBLIC INTEREST See also LIBERTY See also STATE See also LICENCED ACTS See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY GOVERNMENT ...... 482 See also LIFE See also LIVELIHOOD Duties of ...... 483 See also MINORITY INSTITUTIONS Government Department ...... 485 See also NATURAL JUSTICE Government Policy ...... 486 See also PARTIES See also POLITICAL PARTIES Governmental Decisions ...... 486 See also PRIVACY Obligation of ...... 486 See also PROPERTY See also PUBLIC MEETING Power of ...... 487 See also RATIONALITY Role of ...... 487 See also REASONABLENESS See CORPORATION See also RELIEF/REMEDY See also COURTS See also RIGHTS See also DECISION MAKING PROCESS See also RULE OF LAW See also GROWTH OF POPULATION See also SEXUAL HARASSMENT See also PRICE CONTROL See also SHAREHOLDER See also PUBLIC BODY See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See also PUBLIC INTEREST See also STATE See also PUBLIC WELFARE See also SUPERIOR COURT See also RESPECT FOR LAW See also SUPREME COURT See also REVENUE See also TERRORISM See also REVENUE EXPENDITURE See also RULE AGAINST BIAS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND See also RULE OF LAW DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES ...... 474 See also STATE See also TAX ADMINISTRATION FUTURE ...... 474 See also VIOLENCE See LEGAL HISTORY See also WELFARE STATE GAMBLING ...... 475 GOVERNMENT CONTRACT ...... 487 See LOTTERY See ELECTION GENDER ...... 475 GOVERNMENT SERVANTS ...... 487 Gender Discrimination ...... 475 See CORRUPTION See also EXERCISE OF POWER Gender Equality ...... 476 See also RESIGNATION Gender Identity ...... 476 See also RETIREMENT TOPIC INDEX  xxix

GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES . . . . 488 HIGH COURT (contd .) See PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION See also COURT OF APPEAL See also JURISDICTION GOVERNOR ...... 489 See also JUSTICE Appointment of ...... 489 See also LEGISLATURE See also MANDAMUS Duties of ...... 489 See also PROMOTION Powers of ...... 489 HINDU COPARCENARY See APPOINTMENTS ...... 504 See also ARBITRARINESS HINDU JOINT FAMILY ...... 504 GRANT ...... 491 See OWNERSHIP See also PARTNERSHIP See PUBLIC INTEREST GRANT OF PERMIT ...... 491 HINDU LAW ...... 505 See JURISPRUDENCE GRATUITY ...... 491 HINDU MARRIAGE ...... 506 GRAVEYARDS ...... 492 HINDUISM See MUSLIM LAW ...... 506 GREED ...... 492 HIRE PURCHASE ...... 507 GROWTH OF POPULATION ...... 492 HISTORY ...... 507 See GOVERNMENT HOLDING OF OFFICE ...... 507 GUARANTEE ...... 492 HOLIDAYS ...... 507 GUARDIANS OF LAW ...... 492 HONOUR KILLING ...... 508 GUARDIANSHIP ...... 492 See KHAP PANCHAYATS See CHILDREN HOPE ...... 509 HABEAS CORPUS ...... 493 HOUSING SHORTAGE ...... 509 See WRITS HUMAN AFFAIRS ...... 510 HANDCUFFING ...... 495 See PRISONERS HUMAN DIGNITY ...... 510 See CUSTODIAL TORTURE HAPPINESS ...... 497 See also LIBERTY, EQUALITY AND FRATERNITY See HUMAN WELFARE See also LIFE See also DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY See also STATE HARASSMENT ...... 497 HUMAN INGENUITY ...... 511 See EVE TEASING HUMAN LIFE ...... 511 HARDSHIP ...... 498 See LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY See TRUISM HUMAN MEMORY ...... 512 HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIES ...... 498 HUMAN MIND ...... 512 HEADMASTER ...... 498 See DECISION See SCHOOL HUMAN PERSONALITY ...... 513 HEALTH ...... 499 See FREEDOMS See STANDARDS HUMAN RIGHTS ...... 513 HERITAGE ...... 499 See COURTS See also CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE HIGH COURT ...... 499 See also DEVELOPMENT Duties of ...... 501 See also DISCRIMINATION See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Powers of ...... 501 See also JUDICIAL RESPONSE See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also LIFE See also CHIEF JUSTICE See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY xxx  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

HUMAN RIGHTS (contd .) INDIA ...... 530 See also POVERTY See DEMOCRACY See also PROPERTY See also DEVELOPMENT See also RELIGION See also RULE OF LAW HUMAN WELFARE ...... 516 INDIAN MUSLIMS ...... 530 See DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY INDIGENT WORKMEN See also HAPPINESS ...... 531 See LITIGATION HUMANITY ...... 516 INDISCRETIONS ...... 531 See CRIME See CRIME HUSBAND ...... 516 INDIVIDUALISATION OF JUSTICE . . . . 531 IDOL ...... 517 See EQUITABLE CONSIDERATIONS See also PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT IGNORANTIA JURIS NON EX CUSAT . . . 517 See LAW INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ...... 531 See EMPLOYMENT ILLEGAL CONFINEMENT ...... 517 INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT ...... 532 ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTION ...... 517 See ADJUDICATION See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See also JUSTICE ILLEGAL MIGRANTS ...... 517 INDUSTRIAL JURISPRUDENCE . . . . . 532 See RIGHT TO LIFE AND PROPERTY INDUSTRIAL LAW ...... 533 IMMUNITY ...... 518 See LAW See also SOCIAL JUSTICE IMPRISONMENT ...... 518 See BANISHMENT INDUSTRIAL RELATIONSHIP ...... 533 INEQUALITY ...... 518 INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS ...... 534 See JURISDICTION INCOME ...... 519 See also LABOUR COURT See TAX INDUSTRIALISATION ...... 534 INCOME TAX ...... 519 See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY INCORPORATION ...... 519 INDUSTRIALIST ...... 534 INCUMBENT OF HIGH OFFICE . . . . . 520 INDUSTRY ...... 535 Duty of ...... 520 See EDUCATION INCUMBRANCE ...... 520 INFORMATION ...... 535 See LIABILITY See AWARENESS See also EDUCATION INDEPENDENCE ...... 520 INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES . . . . 536 INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY . . . . . 521 See EDUCATION See ABUSE OF POWER INJUNCTION See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE ...... 536 See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See UBERIMMA FIDES See also DEMOCRACY INJUSTICE ...... 536 See also DISPENSATION OF JUSTICE See also RIGHT TO INFORMATION See COURTS See also See also JUDGES SUPREME COURT See also JUDICIAL DECISIONS INSTITUTION ...... 537 See also LEGAL CERTAINITY See also MASTER-SERVANT RELATIONSHIP INSURANCE ...... 537 See also PUBLIC PROSECUTOR See also RULE OF LAW INTEGRITY ...... 537 See also SUPERIOR COURT See CIVIL SERVICES TOPIC INDEX  xxxi

INTENTION ...... 538 INVESTIGATION ...... 568 See DEED Role of Investigating Agency . . . . . 571 INTER-CASTE MARRIAGE ...... 538 See COURTS See also CRIME INTEREST REIPUBLICAE UT SIT See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM FINIS LITIUM ...... 538 See also CRIMINAL LAW See also POLICE See FINALITY INVESTOR PROTECTION ...... 571 INTERIM RELIEF ...... 538 See WRIT COURT JAILS ...... 572 INTERLOCUTORY ORDER ...... 538 JOINT FAMILY ...... 572 Violation of ...... 539 See PARTNERSHIP INTERNATIONAL PEACE ...... 539 JOINT FAMILY PROPERTY ...... 572 See SECURITY JOINT HINDU FAMILY ...... 572 See also TERRORISM JOINT LIABILITY INTERNATIONALISM ...... 573 ...... 539 See COMMON INTENTION See TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION JOINT OWNERSHIP INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION ...... 573 . . . 539 See PARTITION See CONCERN See also CONSTITUTION JOURNALIST ...... 574 See also CONSTITUTIONAL EXPEDIENCY See NEWS See also COURTS See also DEED JUDGE MADE LAW ...... 574 See also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES See CRIMINOLOGY See also ELECTION See also FAIR TRIAL JUDGES ...... 574 See also GOLDEN RULE See also JUDGMENT Accountability ...... 577 See also JUDICIAL CERTAINTY Appointment of ...... 577 See also JUDICIAL PROCESS Conduct of ...... 578 See also JUDICIARY See also JURISPRUDENCE Duty of ...... 578 See also JUSTICE Judicial Activism ...... 585 See also LAW Judicial Decorum ...... 587 See also LEGAL FICTION See also LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE Judicial Discipline ...... 588 See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY Judicial Error ...... 589 See also PLEADINGS See also PRECEDENTS Judicial Officers ...... 589 See also PUBLIC PURPOSE Power of ...... 590 See also PUBLIC WELFARE Qualifications of ...... 590 See also RELIGION See also RULE OF LAW Role of ...... 591 See also SECULARISM See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also STATUTE See also APPOINTMENTS See also SUE See also ARBITRATOR See also CONTINUING EDUCATION INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES . . . . 560 See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See JURISPRUDENCE See also CRIMINAL TRIAL See also LEGISLATURE See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS INTIMIDATION OF JUDGES ...... 567 See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also JUDGMENT See also JUDICIAL ACCOUNTABILITY INTOXICATION ...... 567 See also JUDICIAL CONDUCT See JUSTICE See also JUDICIAL LEGISLATION See also STATE See also JUDICIAL SERVICES xxxii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

JUDGES (contd .) JUDICIAL LEGISLATION ...... 603 See also JUDICIARY See JUDGES See also JUSTICE See also LAW JUDICIAL METAPHORS ...... 604 See also LIBERTY See also NATURAL JUSTICE JUDICIAL NOTICE ...... 604 See also PROCESSUAL JUSTICE See PROOF See also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See also PROPRIETY JUDICIAL POLICY ...... 605 See also PUBLIC DUTIES See JUSTICE See also PUBLIC INTEREST See also PUBLIC PROSECUTOR JUDICIAL POWER ...... 605 See also RIGHTS See NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY See also RULE OF LAW See also SENTENCE JUDICIAL PROCEEDING ...... 606 See also SOCIAL ENGINEERING See REASONED DECISION See also STARE DECISIS See also TRIAL JUDICIAL PROCESS ...... 606 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE JUDGMENT ...... 596 See also DISPENSATION OF JUSTICE See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also JUDGES See also LIBERTY See also RATIO DECIDENDI See also LIFE See also RULE OF LAW See also PENOLOGY See also RESPECT FOR LAW JUDGMENT WRITING ...... 597 See also SECULARISM JUDICIAL CERTAINTY ...... 597 JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS . . . . . 608 See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION JUDICIAL PRUDENCE ...... 608 JUDICIAL CHOICE-MAKING ...... 598 JUDICIAL REALISM ...... 609 JUDICIAL CONDUCT ...... 598 JUDICIAL RESPONSE See JUDGES ...... 609 See also HUMAN RIGHTS JUDICIAL CONSCIENCE ...... 598 JUDICIAL RESTRAINT ...... 609 See MORALITY JUDICIAL REVIEW JUDICIAL CONSISTENCY ...... 598 ...... 609 See BASIC STRUCTURE See PRECEDENTS See also CONTRACT JUDICIAL DECENTRALIZATION . . . . . 599 See also COURTS See also DECISION JUDICIAL DECISIONS ...... 599 See also GENDER See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also JUDICIARY See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See also PUNISHMENT See also RULE OF LAW JUDICIAL DISCRETION ...... 600 See also SENTENCE See BAIL See also SEPARATION OF POWER See also COMPENSATION See also STRUCTURE See also CONSTITUTIONAL LAW JUDICIAL SERVICES See also EXERCISE OF POWER ...... 615 See also JUDICIAL ENTHUSIASM See DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS See also JUSTICE See also JUDGES See also SOCIAL JUSTICE JUDICIAL SIN ...... 615 JUDICIAL ENTHUSIASM ...... 602 JUDICIAL SYSTEM ...... 616 See JUDICIAL DISCRETION See ABUSE OF PROCESS JUDICIAL EXPANSIONISM ...... 602 See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also BASIC STRUCTURE JUDICIAL FUNCTIONS ...... 602 See also CONSTITUTION See ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS See also DEMOCRACY See also DISCIPLINE JUDICIAL INTERFERENCE ...... 603 See also JUSTICE TOPIC INDEX  xxxiii

JUDICIAL SYSTEM (contd .) JUSTICE (contd .) See also LAW Finality ...... 653 See also RULE OF LAW Independence of Judiciary ...... 654 JUDICIAL TEMPER ...... 616 Judicial Capacity ...... 654 JUDICIAL TRIAL ...... 617 Judicial Review ...... 654 See RELIEF/REMEDY Respect for Law ...... 654 JUDICIAL VACILLATIONS ...... 617 Rules of Procedure ...... 655 See ABUSE OF POWER JUDICIARY ...... 618 See also ADJUDICATION Power of ...... 624 See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Role of ...... 625 See also ALMIGHTY See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also BALANCE OF CONVENIENCE See also AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM See also BENEFIT OF DOUBT See also BAR AND BENCH See also CONFIDENCE See also CAPITAL PUNISHMENT See also CONSTITUTION See also CONSTITUTION See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also CORPORATE GIANTS See also CRIME See also COURTS See also EDUCATION See also CREDIBILITY See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also CRIME See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also CRIMINAL CONTEMPT See also JUDGES See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See also JUDICIAL REVIEW See also DECISION MAKING POWER See also JUSTICE See also DELAY See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also DEMOCRACY See also LAW See also EQUALITY See also NATURAL JUSTICE See also EQUITY See also RULE OF LAW See also FAIR TRIAL See also SOCIAL JUSTICE See also FAIRNESS See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL See also FAIRPLAY JUDICIARY VIS-À-VIS LEGISLATURE . . 634 See also FRAUD See also FRAUS ET JUS NUNQUAM COHABITANT JURIDICAL ENGINEERING ...... 634 See also FREEDOMS See also HIGH COURT JURISDICTION ...... 635 See also INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE ACT See COUNCILLOR See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also COURTS See also INTOXICATION See also EQUITY See also JUDGES See also HIGH COURT See also JUDICIAL DISCRETION See also INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS See also JUDICIAL POLICY See also JUSTICE See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM See also SEARCH AND SEIZURE See also JUDICIARY See also JURISDICTION JURISPRUDENCE ...... 636 See also JURISPRUDENCE See CRIME See also LAW See also HINDU LAW See also LAW’S DELAYS See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also LEGISLATION See also JUSTICE See also LEGISLATURE See also LAW See also LOCUS STANDI See also MUSLIM LAW See also MERCY See also SOCIETY See also PENOLOGY See also SOCIO ECONOMIC JUSTICE See also PREJUDICE See also STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION See also PRISONERS JUSTICE ...... 638 See also PROOF See also PUBLIC CONFIDENCE Credibility ...... 642 See also PUBLIC INTEREST Delay ...... 642 See also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION See also PUNISHMENT Duty of Court ...... 647 See also RELIEF/REMEDY Exercise of Power ...... 653 See also RIGHTS xxxiv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

JUSTICE (contd .) LAW (contd .) See also RULE OF LAW Enactment of ...... 691 See also RULES OF PROCEDURE See also SENTENCE Enforcement of ...... 692 See also SOCIAL JUSTICE Profession of ...... 692 See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also SUPREME COURT See also ADMINISTRATION OF LAW See also SUSPICION See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also SYMPATHY See also AMENDMENTS See also TECHNICALITIES See also BAIL See also TRUTH See also CONSTITUTION See also UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS See also CONSTITUTIONALITY See also CONTEMPT OF COURT JUSTICE DELAYED ...... 657 See also COURTS JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also DEMOCRACY . . . . 658 See also DEVELOPMENT See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also EQUALITY See also DELAY See also EQUITY See also JUDICIARY See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also RATIO DECIDENDI See also IGNORANTIA JURIS NON EX CUSAT See also RULE OF LAW See also INDUSTRIAL LAW See also SENTENCE See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also SOCIAL JUSTICE See also JUDGES See also SYMPATHY See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM JUVENILE DELINQUENTS See also JUDICIARY ...... 659 See also JURISPRUDENCE JUVENILITY ...... 660 See also JUSTICE See also See COURTS LEGAL ORDER See also LEGISLATURE KHAP PANCHAYATS ...... 661 See also LEGITIMACY See HONOUR KILLING See also LIABILITY See also LIFE KNOWLEDGE ...... 661 See also MISTAKE See also MORALITY LABOUR COURT ...... 662 See also PRISON See INDUSTRIAL TRIBUNALS See also PRIVILEGES See also PUNISHMENT LABOUR LAW ...... 662 See also PUNITIVE DETENTION See EMPLOYER See also QUALIFICATION See also WORKER See also SENTENCE See also SOCIAL CHANGE LABOUR PRACTICES ...... 662 See also SOCIAL ENGINEERING See also SOCIAL JUSTICE LABOUR WELFARE ...... 663 See also SOCIAL LEGITIMACY See CONSTITUTION See also SPECIAL TREATMENT See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL LAISSEZ FAIRE ...... 663 See also STARE DECISIS See CONSTITUTION See also SUPREME COURT See also DELEGATED LEGISLATION See also TRUTH See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also WOMEN EMPOWERMENT LAND ACQUISITION ...... 664 LAW AND EQUITY ...... 693 See SOLATIUM LAW AND MORALITY ...... 693 LAND REFORMS ...... 665 LAW AND ORDER ...... 693 LANDLORD ...... 666 See PUBLIC ORDER See PROPERTY LAW OFFICERS ...... 694 LANDLORD-TENANT RELATIONSHIP . . . 666 See LIBERTY LAW ...... 667 LAW’S DELAYS ...... 694 See JUSTICE Constitutionality of ...... 690 See also LEGAL INSTRUMENT Development of ...... 691 See also PROCEDUR AL LAW TOPIC INDEX  xxxv

LAWFUL POSSESSION ...... 694 LEGAL SYSTEM ...... 703 See EDUCATION LAWFUL TRADE ...... 695 LEGALISM ...... 704 LEARNING ...... 695 See LEGISLATION LEASE ...... 695 LEGALLY PROTECTED INTEREST . . . . 704 See LICENCE See RIGHTS See also MORTGAGE See also TENANCY LEGISLATION ...... 704 LEAVE ...... 696 See ADJUDICATION See also ADMINISTRATION LEGAL AID ...... 696 See also COURTS See ACCUSED See also JUSTICE See also FAIR TRIAL See also LEGALISM See also WELFARE STATE LEGAL CERTAINITY ...... 697 See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY LEGISLATIVE ACTION ...... 706 LEGAL COUNSEL ...... 697 LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE ...... 707 See PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also RETROSPECTIVE ENACTMENT LEGAL FICTION ...... 698 LEGISLATIVE POWERS ...... 707 See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See CONSTITUTION LEGAL HISTORY ...... 698 LEGISLATIVE PROCESS ...... 708 See FUTURE LEGISLATIVE SCHEME LEGAL INSTRUMENT ...... 698 ...... 708 See MEANS AND ENDS See LAW’S DELAYS LEGISLATURE LEGAL INSTRUMENTALITY ...... 698 ...... 708 See RULE OF LAW Duty of ...... 710 Function of ...... 711 LEGAL MALICE ...... 698 Legislature vis-à-vis Judiciary . . . . . 711 LEGAL MAXIMS ...... 699 Power of ...... 711 LEGAL MEANS ...... 699 Role of ...... 714 See CONSTITUTION See ABDICATION See also TERRORISM See also ABUSE OF POWER See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE LEGAL NECESSITY ...... 700 See also COURTS See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE LEGAL ORDER ...... 700 See also DEMOCRACY See LAW See also HIGH COURT LEGAL PREDICTABILITY See also INTERPRETATION OF STATUTES ...... 700 See also JUSTICE LEGAL PROCESS ...... 700 See also LAW See also MONETARY LAWS LEGAL PROFESSION ...... 700 See also PARLIAMENT See ADVOCACY See also PUNISHMENT See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS See also RATES See also PROFESSIONAL ETHICS See also STATUTE See also STRICT SECURITY TEST LEGAL PROOF ...... 702 See also TAX LEGAL RIGHTS ...... 702 LEGITIMACY ...... 716 Infringement of ...... 703 See LAW LEGAL SERVICES ...... 703 LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION ...... 716 See PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL LEGAL SOVEREIGNTY ...... 703 See also PUBLIC INTEREST xxxvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

LESSOR ...... 716 LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY . . . . . 731 See SALAMI Nature of ...... 734 LIABILITY ...... 717 See CUSTODIAL VIOLENCE See also FAIR TRIAL See INCUMBRANCE See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also LAW See also HUMAN LIFE LIBERALISATION ...... 717 See also HUMAN RIGHTS See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See SOCIALISM See also LIBERTY LIBERTY ...... 717 See also NATURAL RIGHTS See also NON-BAILABLE WARRANT See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also RIGHTS See also CORRUPTION See also FREEDOMS LIKE WITH LIKE ...... 735 See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS LIMITATION ...... 735 See also JUDGES See CONDONATION OF DELAY See also JUDICIAL PROCESS See also DELAY See also LAW OFFICERS See also ENFORCEMENT OF RIGHTS See also LIFE See also SOCIAL JUSTICE See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY See also STATUTE See also POWER LIMITATION ON EXERCISE OF POWER See also PREVENTIVE DETENTION . 737 See also PRIVILEGES LIQUIDATION ...... 737 See also PROPERTY See also PUBLIC HEALTH LIQUIDATION COURT ...... 737 See also RIGHTS See DECLARATION OF LAW See also SEPARATION OF POWER See also SOCIAL INTEREST LIS ...... 738 See also UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS See DECISION See also DECLARATION OF LAW LIBERTY, EQUALITY AND FRATERNITY . 723 See HUMAN DIGNITY LIS PENDENS ...... 739 LICENCE ...... 723 LITERACY ...... 739 See NATURAL RESOURCES LITIGANT ...... 740 See also LEASE Duties of ...... 740 LICENCED ACTS ...... 724 See CONTEMPT OF COURT See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also NUISANCE LITIGATION ...... 740 Expeditious Disposal of ...... 742 LIFE ...... 724 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE Right to ...... 726 See also ADVERSARY SYSTEM See ADMINISTRATIVE LIQUIDATION See also INDIGENT WORKMEN See also CAPITAL PUNISHMENT See also PUBLIC WELFARE See also COURTS See also RULE OF LAW See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE LITIGIOUSNESS See also DIGNITY ...... 743 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION See also HUMAN DIGNITY LIVE-IN-RELATIONSHIP ...... 743 See also HUMAN RIGHTS See also JUDICIAL PROCESS LIVELIHOOD ...... 744 See also LAW See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also LIBERTY See also LIVING STANDARD See also PERSONAL LIBERTY See also PROPERTY RIGHTS LIVING STANDARD ...... 744 See also RAPE See LIVELIHOOD See also SEXUAL HARASSMENT See also SHELTER LIVING WAGES ...... 745 See also SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE See MINIMUM WAGE TOPIC INDEX  xxxvii

LOAN ...... 745 MATRIMONIAL LITIGATION ...... 759 Duty of citizen ...... 745 MATTER IN ISSUE ...... 759 LOCAL AUTHORITIES ...... 745 See RES JUDICATA LOCK OUT ...... 745 MEANING ...... 759 LOCUS STANDI ...... 746 MEANS AND ENDS ...... 760 See JUSTICE See BONA FIDE See also LEGISLATIVE SCHEME LOK SABHA ...... 747 See RAJYA SABHA MEASURE OF NATIONS ...... 760 See PRISONERS LOKAYUKTA ...... 747 See CORRUPTION MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA ...... 760 LOTTERY ...... 748 MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE ...... 761 See GAMBLING See COMPENSATION MAGISTRATE ...... 749 MEDICAL PROFESSION ...... 761 See MERIT MAINTENANCE ...... 749 See COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS MEDICINE ...... 762 MALA FIDE ...... 749 MEMBERS OF COURTS/TRIBUNAL . . . 763 See ELIGIBILITY MALICE ...... 750 See EXERCISE OF POWER MEMBERSHIP ...... 763 See POLITICAL PARTIES MALICE IN LAW ...... 750 See STATE MERCY ...... 763 See JUSTICE MALPRACTICES ...... 750 See ELECTION COMMISSION MERIT ...... 764 MANDAMUS ...... 751 See MEDICAL PROFESSION See HIGH COURT MINERALS ...... 765 MARKET ABUSE ...... 751 MINIMUM WAGE ...... 765 MARKET VALUE ...... 752 See LIVING WAGE See PRICE MINING ...... 765 MARRIAGE ...... 752 See CULTURAL HERITAGE See also ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY Duty of husband ...... 756 See also ENVIRONMENT DEGRADATION See CONJUGAL RIGHTS See also CRUELTY MINISTER ...... 766 See also DIVORCE Duty of ...... 766 See also DOWRY DEATH See ACTS AND OMISSIONS See also FRAUD See also COUNCIL OF MINISTERS See also MUSLIM LAW MINORITY INSTITUTIONS MARUMAKKATTAYAM ...... 757 ...... 767 See EDUCATION MASS MEDIA ...... 757 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See CENSOR BOARD MINORITY RIGHTS See also CINEMAS ...... 767 See EQUALITY MASTER-SERVANT RELATIONSHIP . . . 757 MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY ...... 770 See ACQUITTAL MATERNITY RELIEF ...... 758 See also ADJOURNMENTS See also FAIR TRIAL MATRIMONIAL DISPUTES ...... 758 See also SUPREME COURT See CRIME See also WRONGFUL ACQUITTALS xxxviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

MISCHIEF RULE ...... 771 MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO LAW MISCONDUCT ...... 771 ...... 779 See DISCIPLINE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION ...... 779 See also GO SLOW MUNICIPALITY ...... 780 MISFEASANCE IN PUBLIC ...... 772 See STATE WELFARE See EXECUTIVE MURDERER See also EXECUTIVE ACTION ...... 780 See also EXERCISE OF POWER MUSLIM COURT ...... 780 MISTAKE ...... 772 MUSLIM LAW ...... 780 See DELAY See GRAVEYARDS See also LAW See also JURISPRUDENCE See also MARRIAGE MISTAKE OF LAW ...... 773 See CONTRACT MUTAWALLI ...... 781 MISUSE ...... 773 NATIONAL ETHICS ...... 782 See DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL POLICY ...... 782 See also WRIT PETITION See FAMILY MISUSE OF POWER ...... 773 NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY ...... 782 MODERNISATION ...... 774 See JUDICIAL POWER MODEL EMPLOYER ...... 774 NATIONALISATION ...... 782 NATIONALISED BANK MODESTY OF WOMAN ...... 774 ...... 782 NATIONALITY PRINCIPLE ...... 783 MOHAMMEDAN LAW ...... 775 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 783 MONETARY LAWS ...... 775 See LEGISLATURE NATURAL JUSTICE ...... 783 See ADJUDICATION MONEY LENDING ...... 775 See also ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER See also APPEAL MONOPOLY RIGHTS ...... 776 See also AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM See also CIVIL PROCEDURE CODE MORAL TURPITUDE ...... 776 See also FAIR HEARING See ECONOMIC OFFENCES See also FAIRNESS See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS MORAL VALUES ...... 776 See also JUDGES MORALE See also JUDICIARY ...... 776 See also REASON See DISCIPLINE See also REPRESENTATION See also STRIKING OF ORDER MORALITY ...... 777 See DANCE BARS NATURAL LAW ...... 792 See also EQUALITY See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW See also JUDICIAL CONSCIENCE See also LAW NATURAL RESOURCES ...... 793 See also SECULARISM Alienation of ...... 794 See also SOCIAL LEGITIMACY See AUCTION See also SUICIDE See also LICENCE MORTGAGE See also OWNERSHIP ...... 778 See also PUBLIC INTEREST See COURTS See also PUBLIC TRUST See also LEASE See also STATE MORTGAGEE ...... 778 NATURAL RIGHTS ...... 794 Rights of ...... 778 See LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY See also PROPERTY MOTOR TRANSPORT ...... 779 See also PROPERTY RIGHTS TOPIC INDEX  xxxix

NEEDS ...... 796 OFFICIAL ACTS ...... 804 NEGLIGENCE ...... 796 OLIGOPOLISTIC ORGANISATIONS . . . . 804 See ACCIDENT ONUS OF PROOF ...... 805 NEPOTISM ...... 796 ONUS PROBANDI ...... 805 See COURTS See EVIDENCE NEWS ...... 797 OPEN CRITICISM ...... 805 See JOURNALIST See EXPRESSION NINTH SCHEDULE ...... 797 See also RESTRICTION NO CONFIDENCE MOTION ...... 797 ORDER ...... 805 See RATIO NON-BAILABLE WARRANT ...... 797 See also REASON See LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY ORDINANCE ...... 806 NON-DISCRIMINATION ...... 797 ORDINARY LAW See EQUITY ...... 806 See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW NON-RESIDENT ...... 798 OUTRAGING MODESTY OF WOMAN . . . 806 See PREVENTIVE DETENTION See PUBLIC MORALITY NOTA ...... 798 OWNER ...... 807 See DEMOCRACY See ADVERSE POSSESSION See also ELECTION See also VOTING RIGHT OWNERSHIP ...... 807 NOTICE ...... 799 See HINDU JOINT FAMILY See also NATURAL RESOURCES Doctrine of ...... 799 Right to ...... 799 PANCHAYAT ...... 808 See DEMOCRACY NOTINGS ...... 799 PANIC ...... 808 NUCLEAR ENERGY ...... 800 PARDONING POWER See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY ...... 808 NUISANCE ...... 800 PARENS PATRIAE ...... 809 See PERSONAL LIBERTY See LICENCED ACTS OBEDIENCE ...... 801 PARENTAL CONTROL ...... 809 See DISPUTES PARENTS ...... 809 OBSCENITY ...... 801 Rights of ...... 810 See CHILD WELFARE OBSERVATION ...... 802 See also CHILDREN OCCUPATION ...... 803 PARITY IN PUNISHMENT ...... 810 Right to ...... 803 PARLIAMENT ...... 810 See RESERVATION Duty of ...... 811 OFFENCE ...... 803 Power of ...... 811 See CRIME See AMENDMENTS See also EVIDENCE See also CONSTITUTION See also PRIVATE DEFENCE See also DELEGATED LEGISLATION See also PUNISHMENT See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also RESPECT FOR LAW See also LEGISLATURE See also SENTENCE See also PUNISHMENT See also SUPERSTITION See also TEMPORARY STATUTE PARLIAMENTARY CONTROL ...... 814 OFFICE OF PROFIT ...... 804 PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY . . . . 814 xl  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

PARLIAMENTARY OVERRULING PERSONAL LIBERTY (contd .) OF JUDICIAL DECISIONS ...... 814 See also DIGNITY See also DISCIPLINE PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY . . . . 815 See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY See BASIC STRUCTURE See also LIFE, RIGHT TO See also RULE OF LAW See also PARENS PATRIAE PAROLE ...... 815 PERSONALITY ...... 827 PARTIAL PARTITION ...... 816 PHILANTHROPY ...... 827 See CONTRACT PARTICIPATE ...... 816 See DEMOCRACY PIOUS OBLIGATION ...... 827 PARTIES ...... 816 PITH AND SUBSTANCE ...... 828 See COURTS PLAGIARISM See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ...... 828 See COPYRIGHT PARTITION ...... 816 PLANNING See COPARCENER RIGHTS ...... 828 See also FAIRNESS PLEADINGS ...... 829 See also JOINT OWNERSHIP See AMENDMENTS PARTNERSHIP ...... 817 See also BREVITY See FIRM See also COURTS See also JOINT FAMILY See also EVIDENCE See also HINDU JOINT FAMILY See also FAIR TRIAL See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION PASSPORT ...... 818 PLEASURE, DOCTRINE OF ...... 830 PATENT ...... 819 See DEMOCRACY See also POST PAVEMENTS ...... 819 PLURALITY OF THOUGHT ...... 830 PAYMENT ...... 819 See COMMERCIAL EXPEDIENCY POETIC LICENCE ...... 830 See also SUSPENSION POETRY ...... 831 PENALTY ...... 820 See CONFISCATION POLICE ...... 831 See also PROCEEDINGS Duties of ...... 832 PENOLOGY ...... 821 Police Administration ...... 833 See CRIMINOLOGY Police Officers ...... 833 See also JUDICIAL PROCESS Role of ...... 835 See also JUSTICE See also PUNISHMENT See ABUSE OF POWER See also REFORMATIVE THEORY See also APPOINTMENTS See also SENTENCE See also CRIMINAL CONDUCT See also VICTIMOLOGY See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See also CUSTODIAL DEATHS PERJURY ...... 823 See also ENCOUNTER See also INVESTIGATION PERSON AGGRIEVED ...... 823 See also PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE PERSONAL FREEDOM See also PRIVILEGES ...... 823 See also RULE OF LAW See PUNISHMENT See also SOCIAL JUSTICE PERSONAL LAWS ...... 824 POLICE ATTROCITIES ...... 835 See UNIFORM CIVIL CODE POLICE AUTHORITIES ...... 836 PERSONAL LIBERTY ...... 824 See ACCUSED See COURTS See also DETENTION POLICE POWER ...... 836 TOPIC INDEX  xli

POLICE REPORT ...... 836 PRECEDENTS ...... 848 See CRIME See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also POLITICAL IDEOLOGY See also CONSTITUTION See also DECISION POLITICAL BATTLE ...... 836 See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION See also JUDICIAL CONSISTENCY See also POWER POLITICAL DEFECTIONS ...... 836 See also STARE DECISIS POLITICAL EXPEDIENCY ...... 837 PRE-CENSORSHIP ...... 854 See CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRAINS/ See CENSORSHIP RESTRICTIONS See also PRESS See also CORRUPTION See also STING OPERATION See also DISSOLUTION PREGNANCY ...... 854 POLITICAL IDEOLOGY ...... 837 See REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS See CRIME PREJUDICE See also POLICE REPORT ...... 855 See JUSTICE POLITICAL PARTIES ...... 838 PREMATURE RETIREMENT See CORRUPT PRACTICES ...... 855 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS PREROGATIVE ...... 855 See also MEMBERSHIP See DISCRETION See also RECOGNITION PRESIDENT ...... 856 POLITICIANS ...... 839 Power of ...... 856 POLITICS ...... 839 Role of ...... 856 See CAMPUS RIVALRY See also CONSTITUTION PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS ...... 856 See also CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM See ELECTORAL COLLEGE See also RELIGION PRESS ...... 857 POSSESSION ...... 840 Duties of ...... 859 POST ...... 841 Freedom of ...... 859 See PLEASURE, DOCTRINE OF See CONTEMPT OF COURT See also FREE SPEECH POST GRADUATE EXPERIENCE . . . . . 842 See also PRE-CENSORSHIP See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION POSTINGS ...... 842 See also STING OPERATION POVERTY ...... 842 PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE . . . . . 860 See EDUCATION See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also HUMAN RIGHTS See also EQUALITY See also RESOURCES See also EVIDENCE See also SOCIAL BACKWARDNESS See also POLICE POWER ...... 843 PRE-TRIAL DETENTION ...... 862 Grant of ...... 845 PREVENTIVE DETENTION ...... 862 See ABSOLUTE POWER See COURTS See also DEMOCRACY See also LIBERTY See also LIBERTY See also NON-RESIDENT See also PRECEDENTS See also PUNITIVE DETENTION See also PUBLIC INTEREST See also REASON PRICE ...... 868 See also RULE OF LAW See MARKET VALUE POWER AND AUTHORITY ...... 845 PRICE CONTROL ...... 868 PREAMBLE ...... 846 See GOVERNMENT See CONSTITUTION PRICE FIXATION ...... 868 xlii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

PRIME MINISTER ...... 868 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS ...... 880 See COUNCIL OF MINISTERS See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also ADVOCATES/LAW YERS PRISON ...... 869 See also BAR Prison Reform ...... 870 See also BAR COUNCIL See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION Prison System ...... 870 See also JUDGES See LAW See also LEGAL COUNSEL See also PUNISHMENT See also LEGAL PROFESSION See also RULE OF LAW PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT . . . . . 884 PRISONERS ...... 870 PROFESSIONALS Conditions of ...... 871 ...... 885 Rights of ...... 871 PROFITERRING ...... 885 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE PROFITS See also HANDCUFFING ...... 885 See also JUSTICE See COMPANY See also MEASURE OF NATIONS PROGRESS ...... 886 PRIVACY ...... 873 See DEVELOPMENT Right to ...... 873 PROGRESSIVE DEFICIENCY ...... 886 See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL ...... 886 PRIVATE DEFENCE ...... 873 See LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION See OFFENCE See also PUBLIC INTEREST PRIVATE ENDOWMENT ...... 875 PROMOTION ...... 887 See PUBLIC ENDOWMENT See EQUALITY See also FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS ...... 875 See also HIGH COURT See also SERVICE PRIVILEGES ...... 876 See CRIMINAL OFFENCES PROOF ...... 888 See also LAW See BENEFIT OF DOUBT See also LIBERTY See also BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT See also POLICE See also CORRUPTION See also SPECIAL TREATMENT See also COURTS See also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE PRIVY PURSE ...... 877 See also JUDICIAL NOTICE PROBATION See also JUSTICE ...... 877 See also REASONABLENESS See SENTENCE See also RECOGNITION OF FACTS PROCEDURAL LAWS ...... 877 See also SUSPICION See LAW’S DELAYS PROPERTY ...... 891 PROCEDURE ...... 878 Entrustment of ...... 892 Right to ...... 893 PROCEDURE ESTABLISHED BY LAW . . . 878 See ACQUISITION OF LAND/PROPERTY PROCEEDINGS ...... 878 See also ADVERSE POSSESSION See PENALTY See also CONSTITUTIONAL IDEALS/VALUES See also COURTS PROCESSUAL JURISPRUDENCE . . . . 878 See also ECONOMIC NEED See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS PROCESSUAL JUSTICE ...... 879 See also HUMAN RIGHTS See JUDGES See also LANDLORD See also LIBERTY PROCESSUAL LAW ...... 879 See also NATURAL RIGHTS See COURTS See also REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS See also ROYALTY PROCESSUAL PROPERTIES ...... 879 See also RULE OF LAW PROFESSION ...... 880 PROPERTY DISPUTES ...... 897 TOPIC INDEX  xliii

PROPERTY LAW ...... 897 PUBLIC INTEREST ...... 903 PROPERTY RIGHTS ...... 897 Private vis-à-vis Public Interest . . . . 907 See ADVERSE POSSESSION See CONTEMPT OF COURT See also See also LIFE, RIGHT TO COURTS See also FAIRNESS See also NATURAL RIGHTS See also GOOD GOVERNANCE PROPORTIONAL EQUALITY ...... 898 See also GOVERNMENT See also GRANT PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION . . . 898 See also JUDGES See ELECTION See also JUSTICE See also LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION PROPORTIONALITY ...... 898 See also NATURAL RESOURCES See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See also POWER See also PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL PROPRIETY ...... 898 See also PUBLIC BODY See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also PUBLIC PROSECUTOR See also JUDGES See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL See also WRIT PETITION PROSECUTION ...... 898 PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION . . . . . 908 PROSECUTOR ...... 899 See COURTS See also DELAY PROSTITUTION ...... 899 See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY See also GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES ...... 899 See also JUSTICE See PUBLIC SERVANT See also STATE PUBLIC AMENITIES ...... 899 See also VEXATIOUS PUBLIC LAW ...... 914 PUBLIC AUTHORITIES ...... 900 See TRANSPARENCY Public Law vis-à-vis Private Law . . . . 915 See STATE WELFARE PUBLIC BODY ...... 900 See GOVERNMENT PUBLIC LIFE ...... 915 See also PUBLIC INTEREST PUBLIC MEETING ...... 915 PUBLIC CONFIDENCE ...... 900 See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See CREDIBILITY PUBLIC MISCHIEF ...... 916 See also JUSTICE See CLASSIFICATION PUBLIC DUTIES ...... 900 PUBLIC MONEY ...... 916 See JUDGES PUBLIC MORALITY ...... 916 PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT ...... 900 See OUTRAGING MODESTY OF WOMAN See EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY See also EQUITABLE CONSIDERATIONS PUBLIC MORALS ...... 917 See also INDIVIDUALISATION OF JUSTICE See COURTS PUBLIC ENDOWMENT ...... 902 PUBLIC OFFICE ...... 917 See PRIVATE ENDOWMENT Misuse of ...... 918 PUBLIC ETHICS ...... 902 See SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY See DEMOCRACY PUBLIC OFFICIALS ...... 918 PUBLIC FUNCTIONARIES ...... 902 PUBLIC ORDER ...... 919 Duty of ...... 902 See CRIME Powers of ...... 903 See also LAW AND ORDER See also REPRESENTATION See EXERCISE OF POWER PUBLIC ORDER & TRANQUILITY . . . . 921 PUBLIC HEALTH ...... 903 See LIBERTY PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 922 xliv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

PUBLIC POLICY ...... 922 PUNISHMENT (contd .) See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also PERSONAL FREEDOM See also CONTRACT See also REFORMATIVE THEORY See also PUBLIC SERVANT See also REHABILITATION See also SENTENCING POLICIES PUBLIC POWER ...... 923 See also SOCIAL DEFENCE See ABUSE OF POWER See also STATE PUBLIC PROSECUTOR ...... 924 PUNITIVE DETENTION ...... 938 See INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See LAW See also JUDGES See also PREVENTIVE DETENTION See also PUBLIC INTEREST QUALIFICATION PUBLIC PURPOSE ...... 939 ...... 925 See LAW See UTILITARIANISM See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION QUASHING OF ADMISSIONS ...... 939 PUBLIC SERVANT ...... 926 See EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS See CORRUPTION QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES ...... 939 See also CRIME See TRIBUNALS See also DUAL RESPONSIBILITY See also PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY QUESTION OF FACT ...... 939 See also PUBLIC POLICY See QUESTION OF LAW PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION . . . . 927 QUESTION OF LAW ...... 939 PUBLIC SERVICES ...... 927 See QUESTION OF FACT See CORPORATION QUO WARRANTO See also CORRUPTION ...... 940 See COURTS PUBLIC TRANQUILITY ...... 928 QUOROUM ...... 940 PUBLIC TRUST ...... 928 See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY QUOTA ...... 941 See also NATURAL RESOURCES RAJYA SABHA See also SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ...... 942 See LOK SABHA PUBLIC WELFARE ...... 930 RAPE See ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ...... 942 See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE See CORROBORATION OF EVIDENCE See also GOVERNMENT See also LIFE See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also SEXUAL VIOLENCE See also LITIGATION See also STATE ENTERPRISE RAREST OF THE RARE CASE ...... 945 See also UNION & STATE See DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE See also SENTENCE PUNISH ...... 931 See also SENTENCING POLICIES PUNISHMENT ...... 931 RASH AND NEGLIGENT ACT ...... 945 Theories of ...... 937 See DETERRENCE THEORY See ABUSE OF POWER RATES See also CONSTITUTION ...... 946 See also COURTS See LEGISLATURE See also CRIME See also CRIMINOLOGY RATIO DECIDENDI ...... 946 See also DENUNCIATORY THEORY See JUDGMENT See also DUE PROCESS OF LAW See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also JUDICIAL REVIEW See also ORDER See also JUSTICE See also REASON See also LAW See also RULE OF LAW See also LEGISLATURE See also OFFENCE RATIONALITY ...... 948 See also PARLIAMENT See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also PENOLOGY See also REASONABLENESS TOPIC INDEX  xlv

REALISM ...... 948 RECOGNITION OF RULERSHIP . . . . . 958 REASON ...... 948 RECORDS ...... 959 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE Maintenance of ...... 959 See also ARBITRARINESS See EXAMINATION See also DECISION See also NATURAL JUSTICE RECOURSE TO LAW ...... 959 See also ORDER See RIGHT TO MOVE COURT See also POWER See also RATIO RECRUITMENT AND PROMOTION . . . . 959 See also REASONABLE RECTIFICATION ...... 960 REASON AND JUSTICE ...... 950 RECUSAL OF JUDGES ...... 960 REASON TO BELIEVE ...... 950 REFORMATION ...... 960 REASONABLE ...... 950 REFORMATIVE THEORY ...... 961 See REASON See CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE REASONABLE CLASSIFICATION . . . . 951 See also PENOLOGY See also PUNISHMENT See DISCRIMINATION See also EQUALITY REGULATIONS ...... 962 REASONABLE CONDUCT ...... 953 REHABILITATION ...... 963 REASONABLE DOUBT ...... 954 See PUNISHMENT REASONABLE OPPORTUNITY OF REINSTATEMENT ...... 963 See BACK WAGES BEING HEARD ...... 955 RELIEF/REMEDY ...... 963 REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS . . . . . 955 See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See FREEDOMS See also JUDICIAL TRIAL See also PROPERTY See also JUSTICE See also TRADE AND COMMERCE RELIGION ...... 964 REASONABLENESS ...... 956 See ARBITRARINESS Freedom of ...... 967 See also BAIL See CONSCIENCE See also See also EXERCISE OF POWER CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM See also CRIMINALS See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also DEMOCRACY See also PROOF See also EDUCATION See also RATIONALITY See also HUMAN RIGHTS See also RESERVATION See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION REASONED DECISION ...... 957 See also POLITICS See also SECULARISM See JUDICIAL PROCEEDING See also STATE RECEIPT ...... 957 See also TERRORISM RECEIVE ...... 958 RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS ...... 968 See SPEECH AND EXPRESSION RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION ...... 968 RECITALS IN BOOKS ...... 958 RELIGIOUS PLURALISM ...... 968 See EVIDENCE See SECULARISM RECONSTITUTION ...... 958 REMEDY ...... 968 See DISSOLUTION Right to ...... 968 RECOGNITION ...... 958 REMOVAL ...... 969 See EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS See also POLITICAL PARTIES REMOVAL FROM OFFICE ...... 969 See RECOGNITION OF FACTS ...... 958 ELECTION See PROOF RENT ...... 970 xlvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

RENT ACT ...... 970 RESPECT FOR LAW (contd .) Object of ...... 970 See also OFFENCE See also SENTENCE RENT CONTROL ...... 970 RESTITUTION ...... 989 RENTAL ...... 971 See UNJUST ENRICHMENT REPEAL ...... 971 RESTRAINT ...... 989 See DISPLACEMENT RESTRICTION ...... 989 RE-POLL ...... 972 See EXPRESSION See ELECTION See also OPEN CRITICISM See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION REPRESENTATION ...... 972 See COURTS RETIREMENT ...... 989 See also DETENTION See GOVERNMENT SERVANTS See also NATURAL JUSTICE See also TEACHING PROFESSION See also PUBLIC ORDER RETRENCHMENT ...... 990 REPRESENTATION OF PARTIES . . . . . 974 RETRIBUTION ...... 990 See ADVOCATES/LAW YERS RETRIBUTIVE THEORY ...... 990 REPRESSION ...... 974 RETROSPECTIVE DECLARATION . . . . 991 REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS ...... 975 See PREGNANCY RETROSPECTIVE ENACTMENT . . . . . 991 See LEGISLATIVE COMPETENCE REPUBLIC ...... 975 RETROSPECTIVE OPERATION . . . . . 991 REPUTATION ...... 975 REVENGE ...... 992 RES IPSA ...... 976 REVENUE ...... 992 RES IPSA LOQUITOR ...... 976 See GOVERNMENT RES JUDICATA ...... 977 REVENUE EXPENDITURE ...... 992 See MATTER IN ISSUE See CAPITAL EXPENDITURE RESERVATION ...... 979 See also GOVERNMENT See also TRANSACTION See ADMISSION See also BACKWARD CLASS REVIEW ...... 992 See also DEMOGRAPHY See also DISCRIMINATION Power of ...... 992 See also EDUCATION REVISION See also EQUALITY ...... 993 See also EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY See ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL See also OCCUPATION JUSTICE SYSTEM See also REASONABLENESS REVOLUTION ...... 994 See also STATE See CHANGE RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ...... 987 RIGHT TO BE HEARD ...... 995 RESIGNATION ...... 987 RIGHT TO INFORMATION ...... 995 See GOVERNMENT SERVANTS See CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES RESOURCES ...... 987 See also DEMOCRACY See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY Scarcity of ...... 987 See also TRANSPARENCY See POVERTY RIGHT TO KNOW ...... 997 RESPECT FOR LAW ...... 988 See DECISION MAKING PROCESS See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also EDUCATION See also COURTS See also GOVERNMENT RIGHT TO LIFE AND PROPERTY . . . . 997 See also JUDICIAL PROCESS See Illegal Migrants TOPIC INDEX  xlvii

RIGHT TO MOVE COURT ...... 997 RULE OF LAW (contd .) See RECOURSE TO LAW See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See also INDIA RIGHTS ...... 998 See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION Denial of ...... 1000 See also JUDGES See also JUDGMENT Enforcement of ...... 1000 See also JUDICIAL REVIEW Implementation of ...... 1001 See also JUDICIAL SYSTEM Protection of ...... 1002 See also JUDICIARY See also JUSTICE See COURTS See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also DUTY See also LEGAL INSTRUMENTALITY See also FREEDOMS See also LITIGATION See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY See also JUDGES See also POLICE See also JUSTICE See also See also LEGALLY PROTECTED INTEREST POWER See also LIBERTY See also PRISON See also LIFE AND PERSONAL LIBERTY See also PROPERTY See also RATIO DECIDENDI RIGHTS AND DUTIES ...... 1002 See also SOCIAL JUSTICE See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See also SOCIAL WELFARE STATE See also STATE RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES ...... 1002 See also STATE ACTION See also SYMPATHY ROAD MAINTENANCE ...... 1002 See also TRANSPARENCY See SOCIAL JUSTICE RULE-MAKING POWER ...... 1022 ROAD SAFETY ...... 1003 See STATE RULERSHIP ...... 1022 ROYALTY ...... 1003 RULES ...... 1022 See PROPERTY Application of ...... 1022 RULE AGAINST BIAS ...... 1003 RULES OF PROCEDURE ...... 1022 See DISCRETIONARY POWER See JUSTICE See also GOVERNMENT SALAMI ...... 1023 RULE OF LAW ...... 1004 See LESSOR See ABOVE THE LAW See also ABSOLUTE POWER SALARIES ...... 1023 See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also ARBITRARINESS SALE ...... 1023 See also ARBITRARY ACTION Agreement of ...... 1024 See also AUDI ALTERAM PARTEM See COURTS See also BREACH OF DUTY See also CASTEISM SALES TAX ...... 1024 See also CERTAINTY See CONTRACT See also CITIZEN See also CIVIL SERVICES SATYAMEVA JAYATE ...... 1024 See also COMPASSION See TRUTH See also CONSTITUTION See also CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT SCAMS ...... 1025 See also CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT See ECONOMIC INTEREST See also CONSTITUTIONAL LAW See also COURTS SCHEDULE AND EXCELLENCE . . . . . 1025 See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM See ADMISSION See also DEMOCRACY See also EQUALITY SCHOOL ...... 1025 See also EXERCISE OF POWER See HEADMASTER See also FAIR TRIAL See also FOREIGN INVESTORS SCIENCE ...... 1025 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also GOVERNMENT SCS/STS/OBCS & MINORITIES . . . . 1025 xlviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

SEARCH AND SEIZURE ...... 1026 SENTENCE (contd .) See JURISDICTION See also CRIME See also CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM SEBI ...... 1026 See also CRIMINAL LAW SECOND CHAMBERS See also CRIMINAL LIABILITY ...... 1026 See also CRIMINOLOGY SECRECY ...... 1027 See also DECISION See also JUDGES See ELECTION See also JUDICIAL REVIEW SECULAR ...... 1027 See also JUSTICE See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM SECULAR CODE ...... 1027 See also LAW See also OFFENCE SECULARISM ...... 1027 See also PENOLOGY See AFFIRMATIVE ACTION See also PROBATION See also COMMUNAL HARMONY See also RAREST OF THE RARE CASE See also CONSTITUTION See also RESPECT FOR LAW See also CONSTITUTIONAL IDENTITY See also SYMPATHY See also DEMOCRACY See also EDUCATION SENTENCING COURT ...... 1045 See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS See also EQUALITY SENTENCING POLICIES ...... 1046 See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION Disparity in Sentencing ...... 1049 See also JUDICIAL PROCESS See See also MORALITY cOURTS See also RELIGION See also CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE See also RELIGIOUS PLURALISM See also DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE See also TERRORISM See also PUNISHMENT See also RAREST OF THE RARE CASE SECURITIES ...... 1033 See also SOCIAL JUSTICE SECURITIES LAW ...... 1033 SEPARATION OF POWER ...... 1049 See CHECKS AND BALANCES SECURITY ...... 1033 See also CONSTITUTION See INTERNATIONAL PEACE See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also TERRORISM See also DEMOCRACY See also JUDICIAL REVIEW SECURITY OF STATE ...... 1033 See also LIBERTY SELECTION PROCESS ...... 1034 See also SOCIAL JUSTICE SELF DEFENCE ...... 1035 SERVICE ...... 1055 SELF EXPRESSION ...... 1035 Conditions of ...... 1055 See EQUALITY See SELF REALIZATION See also PROMOTION SELF INCRIMINATING ...... 1036 See also SOCIAL JUSTICE See COURTS SERVICE LAW ...... 1055 SELF REALIZATION ...... 1036 See BACK WAGES See SELF EXPRESSION See also WORKMEN SELF-DETERMINATION ...... 1036 SERVICE RULES ...... 1055 See SOVEREIGNTY SESSION COURTS ...... 1056 SENIORITY ...... 1036 SETTLEMENT ...... 1056 SENIORITY-CUM-MERIT ...... 1036 SEXUAL HARASSMENT ...... 1056 See EQUALITY See CHILDREN SENTENCE ...... 1036 See also CRIME See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Rule of Proportionality ...... 1045 See also LIFE See ADMINISTRATION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM SEXUAL OFFENCES ...... 1057 See also COURTS See TESTIMONY TOPIC INDEX  xlix

SEXUAL VIOLENCE ...... 1057 SOCIAL JUSTICE (contd .) See RAPE See also JUDICIAL DISCRETION See also JUDICIARY SHAREHOLDER ...... 1057 See also JUSTICE See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also LAW SHARES ...... 1058 See also LIMITATION SHEBAIT See also POLICE ...... 1058 See also ROAD MAINTENANCE SHELTER ...... 1058 See also RULE OF LAW See LIFE See also SENTENCING POLICIES See also SEPARATION OF POWER SILENCE ...... 1059 See also SERVICE See ARGUMENT See also SOCIAL WRONG See also SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL SLUMS ...... 1059 See also TRADE SMUGGLING ...... 1059 SOCIAL LEGITIMACY ...... 1069 See LAW SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC JUSTICE . . . 1060 See also MORALITY See LIFE SOCIAL NORMS ...... 1070 SOCIAL BACKWARDNESS ...... 1060 See COURTS See EDUCATIONAL BACKWARDNESS See also POVERTY SOCIAL ORDER ...... 1070 See CORRUPTION SOCIAL CHANGE ...... 1060 See also DISCRETION See LAW See also DEMOCRACY See also TRADE SOCIAL COMMITMENT ...... 1061 See CONSTITUTION SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ...... 1070 See PUBLIC OFFICE SOCIAL CONFLICTS ...... 1061 SOCIAL REVOLUTION ...... 1070 SOCIAL CONTROL ...... 1061 See CORPORATE VEIL SOCIAL SECURITY ...... 1071 See SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE SOCIAL DEFENCE ...... 1061 See PUNISHMENT SOCIAL SOLIDARITY ...... 1071 SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIAL DUTY ...... 1062 ...... 1071 See TRADE See ADVOCATES/LAW YERS SOCIAL WELFARE STATE SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT ...... 1062 ...... 1072 See RULE OF LAW SOCIAL ENGINEERING ...... 1062 SOCIAL WRONG See JUDGES ...... 1072 See also LAW See SOCIAL JUSTICE SOCIAL EVIL ...... 1063 SOCIALISM ...... 1072 See FILMS See LIBERALISATION SOCIAL EVOLUTION ...... 1063 SOCIETY ...... 1073 See CHILDREN SOCIAL EXISTENCE ...... 1064 See also JURISPRUDENCE SOCIAL INTEREST ...... 1064 SOCIO ECONOMIC RIGHTS ...... 1074 See LIBERTY See CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS SOCIAL JUSTICE ...... 1064 SOCIO-ECONOMIC JUSTICE . . . . . 1074 Social Justice vis-à-vis Economic See JURISPRUDENCE See also SOCIAL SECURITY Justice ...... 1069 See CERTAINTY SOLATIUM ...... 1074 See also INDUSTRIAL LAW See LAND ACQUISITION l  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

SOLITARY CONFINEMENT ...... 1075 STANDARDS ...... 1096 See HEALTH SOURCE OF LAW ...... 1075 See CUSTOM STARE DECISIS ...... 1096 See also USAGE See JUDGES See also LAW SOVEREIGN ...... 1076 See also PRECEDENTS Power of ...... 1076 STATE ...... 1098 SOVEREIGNTY ...... 1076 Duties of ...... 1101 See SELF-DETERMINATION Function of ...... 1106 SPEAK ...... 1076 Power of ...... 1106 Right to ...... 1076 Right of ...... 1107 SPECIAL JURISDICTION ...... 1077 Role of ...... 1107 See See CONTEMPT POWER CONSTITUTION See also CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION ...... 1077 See also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES See COURTS See also DISPENSATION OF JUSTICE See also DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEAL . . . . . 1078 OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL See SUPREME COURT See also EDUCATION See also EMPLOYMENT SPECIAL TREATMENT ...... 1078 See also EXERCISE OF POWER See LAW See also FINANCIAL SWINDLERS See also PRIVILEGES See also FREEDOMS See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE ...... 1078 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also GOOD GOVERNANCE SPEECH AND EXPRESSION ...... 1079 See also GOVERNMENT Freedom of ...... 1079 See also HUMAN DIGNITY See also INTOXICATION See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also MALICE IN LAW See also ADVERTISEMENTS See also NATURAL RESOURCES See also ADVOCACY See also PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION See also CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES See also PUNISHMENT See also CONSTITUTIONAL IDEALS/VALUES See also RELIGION See also CONTEMPT JURISDICTION See also RESERVATION See also CONTEMPT OF COURT See also ROAD SAFETY See also CONTROL ON BROADCASTING See also RULE OF LAW See also COURTS See also SPEECH AND EXPRESSION See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS See also TAX ADMINISTRATION See also PRESS See also UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS See also RECEIVE See also VIOLENCE See also RESTRICTION See also WAGES See also STATE See also WOMEN EMPOWERMENT SPEEDY JUSTICE/TRIAL ...... 1090 STATE ACTION ...... 1108 See ACCIDENT CLAIMS See RULE OF LAW See also COURTS See also TRANSPARENCY See also DELAY See also FAIR TRIAL STATE COUNSEL ...... 1109 See also JUDICIARY See also JUSTICE STATE ENTERPRISE ...... 1110 See also LAW See PUBLIC WELFARE See also PUBLIC INTEREST See also SOCIAL JUSTICE STATE LARGESSE ...... 1110 See DISCRIMINATION SPORTS ...... 1094 STATE WELFARE ...... 1111 STABILITY ...... 1096 See MUNICIPALITY See CERTAINTY See also PUBLIC LAW TOPIC INDEX  li

STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND SUICIDE ...... 1119 REASONS ...... 1111 See MORALITY STATUS AND CAPACITY ...... 1112 SUMMARY ORDER ...... 1119 STATUS OF WOMEN ...... 1112 SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS ...... 1119 STATUTE ...... 1112 SUO MOTO ACTION ...... 1120 Constitutionality of ...... 1113 See SUPREME COURT See CONSTITUTION SUPERIOR COURT See also INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION ...... 1120 See also LEGISLATURE Role of ...... 1120 See also LIMITATION See ABUSE OF PROCESS See also SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION See also ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also UNCONSTITUTIONALITY See also CONSTITUTION STATUTORY BODIES See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ...... 1113 See also INDEPENDENCE OF JUDICIARY See EXERCISE OF POWER SUPERSTITION ...... 1121 STATUTORY DUTY ...... 1114 See OFFENCE See COURTS See also TORTS SUPERVISORY JURISDICTION . . . . 1121 STATUTORY POWER ...... 1114 See EVIDENCE See CONSTITUTIONAL POWER SUPREMACY OF LAW ...... 1121 STATUTORY PROHIBITIONS . . . . . 1114 SUPREME COURT ...... 1123 STATUTORY TENANCY ...... 1114 Duty of ...... 1125 STING OPERATION ...... 1115 Powers of ...... 1127 See PRE-CENSORSHIP Role of ...... 1131 See also PRESS See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE See also CONSTITUTION STRICT SECURITY TEST ...... 1115 See also CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES See LEGISLATURE See also DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES See also FRIVOLOUS LITIGATION STRIKE ...... 1115 See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Right to ...... 1116 See also INJUSTICE See also See DEMONSTRATE, RIGHT TO JUSTICE See also WAGES See also LAW See also MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE STRIKING OF ORDER ...... 1116 See also SPECIAL LEAVE TO APPEAL See NATURAL JUSTICE See also SUO MOTO ACTION STRUCTURE ...... 1116 SUPERITENDENCE ...... 1132 See JUDICIAL REVIEW SURETY BOND ...... 1132 STUDY LEAVE ...... 1116 SUSPEND ...... 1133 SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION . . . . . 1117 Power to ...... 1133 See STATUTE Right to ...... 1133 See also TAXATION See CONTRACT OF SERVICE SUBSTANTIVE AND VESTED RIGHT . . 1118 SUSPENSION ...... 1133 SUBSTITUTION ...... 1118 Of Sentence ...... 1134 SUCCESSION ...... 1119 See COURTS See also EMERGENCY See CUSTOMARY LAW See also PAYMENT SUE ...... 1119 SUSPICION ...... 1134 Right to ...... 1119 See JUSTICE See INTERPRETATION/CONSTRUCTION See also PROOF lii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT . . . . 1134 TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION . . . . 1147 See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See INTERNATIONALISM See also PUBLIC TRUST, DOCTRINE OF TELECOM SERVICES ...... 1147 SYLLABUS ...... 1135 TEMPORARY EMPLOYEES . . . . . 1148 SYMPATHY ...... 1135 See CASUAL LABOUR See COMPASSION See also JUSTICE TEMPORARY SERVICE ...... 1148 See also JUSTICE DISPENSATION SYSTEM See also RULE OF LAW TEMPORARY STATUTE ...... 1148 See also SENTENCE See OFFENCE TAX ...... 1136 TENANCY ...... 1148 Imposition of ...... 1139 See LEASE See DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE TENANT AT WILL ...... 1149 See also FEE See also INCOME TENDERED VOTES ...... 1149 See also LEGISLATURE See also TAXATION TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION . . . . . 1150 TAX ADMINISTRATION ...... 1141 TERRORISM ...... 1150 See GOVERNMENT See DEATH PENALTY/SENTENCE See also STATE See also DEMOCRACY See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS TAX AVOIDANCE ...... 1141 See also INTERNATIONAL PEACE See also LEGAL MEANS TAX LAWS ...... 1141 See also RELIGION See EQUALITY See also SECULARISM See also TAX EVASION ...... 1142 SECURITY See TAXATION TESTIMONY ...... 1153 TAXATION ...... 1142 See SEXUAL OFFENCES See SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION TEXTILE INDUSTRY ...... 1153 See also TAX See also TAX EVASION THEFT ...... 1154 TAXING AUTHORITIES ...... 1144 TIME ...... 1154 Powers of ...... 1144 See EXPECTATION TEACHER ...... 1144 TIME AS THE ESSENCE ...... 1154 See CONTRACT Role of ...... 1145 See ADMISSION TITLES ...... 1154 See also DISCIPLINE See FILMS See also EDUCATION See also EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TORTS ...... 1155 See also TEACHING PROFESSION TORTURE ...... 1155 TEACHER TRAINING ...... 1146 TRADE ...... 1156 TEACHING ...... 1146 See BUSINESS See also SOCIAL JUSTICE TEACHING PROFESSION ...... 1146 See also SOCIAL ORDER See RETIREMENT See also TEACHER TRADE AND COMMERCE ...... 1157 See REASONABLE RESTRICTIONS TEACHING SHOPS ...... 1147 TRADE DISCOUNT TECHNICAL EDUCATION ...... 1158 ...... 1147 See CASH DISCOUNT See UNIFORMITY TRADE MARK ...... 1158 TECHNICALITIES ...... 1147 See JUSTICE TRADE UNION ...... 1159 TOPIC INDEX  liii

TRANQUILITY/BREACH OF PEACE . . . 1159 UNDUE INFLUENCE ...... 1169 TRANSACTION ...... 1160 See ELECTION Nature of ...... 1160 UNEMPLOYMENT ...... 1170 See REVENUE EXPENDITURE See COMPENSATION TRANSFER ...... 1160 UNIFORM CIVIL CODE ...... 1170 See CONVICT See PERSONAL LAWS TRANSFER OF PROPERTY ...... 1161 UNIFORMITY ...... 1171 TRANSFER OF JUDGES ...... 1161 See EDUCATION See also EQUALITY TRANSGENDER RIGHTS ...... 1162 See also TECHNICAL EDUCATION TRANSPARENCY ...... 1162 UNION & STATE PUBLIC SERVICE See DECISION MAKING PROCESS COMMISSIONS ...... 1171 See also RIGHT TO INFORMATION See also PUBLIC AUTHORITIES UNION ACTIVITIES ...... 1172 See also RULE OF LAW See also STATE ACTION UNION & STATE ...... 1172 TREATY ...... 1163 See PUBLIC WELFARE See EXERCISE OF POWER UNIONS ...... 1173 TRESPASS ...... 1163 UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION . . 1173 See UNAUTHORISED OCCUPANTS UNIVERSAL HUMAN DEPENDENCE . . . 1173 TRIAL ...... 1163 See ENVIRONMENT/ECOLOGY See JUDGES UNJUST ENRICHMENT ...... 1173 TRIBUNALS ...... 1163 See RESTITUTION See QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY TRUISM ...... 1164 ...... 1174 See HARDSHIP UNREASONABLENESS ...... 1175 TRUST ...... 1164 See BAD FAITH TRUTH ...... 1165 UNRECOGNISED INSTITUTIONS . . . . 1175 See CONTEMPT JURISDICTION UNSOUNDNESS OF MIND ...... 1176 See also JUSTICE See also LAW URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS . . . . . 1176 See also SATYAMEVA JAYATE See ACCOMMODATION UBERIMMA FIDES ...... 1166 USAGE ...... 1176 See INJUNCTION See SOURCE OF LAW UNAUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS . . . 1166 UTILITARIANISM See COURTS ...... 1176 See also STATE See PUBLIC PURPOSE UNAUTHORISED OCCUPANTS . . . . . 1167 VACANCY ...... 1177 See ADVERSE POSSESSION VALIDITY OF LAW See also TRESPASS ...... 1177 UNCLE-JUDGE SYNDROME ...... 1168 VEXATIOUS ...... 1177 See PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION UNCONSTITUTIONALITY ...... 1168 See STATUTE VICE-CHANCELLOR ...... 1177 UNDER-TRIAL PRISONERS ...... 1168 VICTIM ...... 1178 See ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE Rights of ...... 1178 See also JUSTICE See also LIBERTY VICTIMISATION ...... 1178 liv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

VICTIMOLOGY ...... 1178 WISDOM ...... 1191 See CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE See also PENOLOGY WITHDRAWAL ...... 1191 See VIOLENCE VIGILANCE ...... 1179 WITNESS See ELECTION ...... 1192 Role of ...... 1192 VIOLENCE ...... 1179 See BRIDE BURNING See CRIME See also EXERCISE OF POWER See also GOVERNMENT See also STATE WORK ENVIRONMENT ...... 1192 See also WITHDR AWAL WOMANHOOD ...... 1192 VOTE ...... 1180 WOMEN See ELECTION ...... 1193 Role of ...... 1193 VOTER ...... 1180 Status of ...... 1193 See CRIMINALISATION OF POLITICS See also VOTING RIGHT WOMEN EMPOWERMENT ...... 1194 VOTING RIGHT See CRIME ...... 1181 See also FEMALE FOETICIDE See DEMOCRACY See also LAW See also NOTA See also STATE See also VOTER WORDS AND PHRASES ...... 1197 WAGE POLICY ...... 1182 See WORKMEN WORK ...... 1197 See EMPLOYEE WAGES ...... 1182 See ABSENCE FROM DUTY WORKMEN ...... 1197 See also STATE Conditions of ...... 1197 See also STRIKE Rights of ...... 1198 WAIVER ...... 1184 See COMPENSATION See ABANDONMENT See also EMPLOYER See also LABOUR LAW WAKF ...... 1185 See also SERVICE LAW See also WAGE POLICY WATER ...... 1185 WRIT COURT ...... 1198 WELFARE STATE ...... 1185 See INTERIM RELIEF See CIVIL SERVICES See also GOVERNMENT WRIT JURISDICTION ...... 1198 See also LEGISLATION WRIT PETITION ...... 1199 WHISTLEBLOWER ...... 1188 See MISUSE See also PUBLIC INTEREST WHITE COLLAR CRIMES ...... 1189 WRITS ...... 1200 WILDLIFE PROTECTION ...... 1190 See DETENTION See ECOLOGICAL BALANCE See also HABEAS CORPUS WILL ...... 1190 WRONGFUL ACQUITTALS ...... 1200 See FORGED DOCUMENTS See MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE Judge Index*

A.N. Ray, C.J. n 85, 91, 109, 125, 127, 141, A 174, 178, 192, 200, 201, 202, 204, 305, 316, 322, 342, 350, 359, 361, 366, 367, A.A. Desai, J. n 70 369, 370, 371, 396, 399, 402, 416, 426, A. Alagiriswami, J. n 359, 411, 507, 430, 470, 490, 491, 556, 633, 634, 687, 567, 636, 690, 867, 978 688, 689, 695, 706, 751, 769, 770, 820, A.C. Gupta, J. n 49, 113, 220, 293, 840, 841, 842, 866, 946, 952, 953, 956, 411, 520, 827, 841, 1114, 1167 962, 971, 1020, 1060, 1076, 1088, 1184 A.N. Ray, J. n 54, 55, 59, 123, 131, 136, 149, A.D. Koshal, J. n 19, 937, 1164 151, 155, 201, 240, 274, 473, 487, 501, A.K. Ganguly, J. n 23, 92, 114, 122, 149, 562, 566, 572, 577, 596, 644, 690, 723, 215, 289, 328, 394, 398, 438, 439, 772, 776, 802, 812, 816, 817, 841, 857, 453, 463, 477, 493, 514, 515, 569, 874, 877, 959, 968, 991, 1000, 1002, 581, 662, 663, 670, 716, 718, 740, 1022, 1035, 1090, 1114, 1138, 1155 741, 850, 893, 894, 897, 925, 956, A.P. Misra, J. n 233, 438, 475 1051, 1110, 1146, 1159, 1166, 1195 A.P. Sen, J. n 1, 60, 72, 75, 84, 89, 150, A.K. Mathur, J. n 193, 384, 581, 203, 207, 235, 236, 246, 291, 312, 324, 628, 924, 1091, 1103 375, 395, 424, 436, 440, 449, 548, 549, 563, 635, 678, 679, 703, 720, 815, A.K. Mukherjea, J. n 274, 756 825, 860, 864, 884, 896, 902, 972, A.K. Patnaik, J. n 398, 419, 904, 932, 1026 990, 999, 1086, 1154, 1165, 1183 A.K. Sikri, J. n 144, 305, 383, 541, 669, A.P. Sen and L.M. Sharma, JJ. n 1041 836, 1006, 1096, 1139, 1233 A.R. Lakshmanan, J. n 38, 230, A.M. Ahmadi, C.J. n 84, 537, 570 231, 457, 709, 910, 1103 A.M. Ahmadi, J. n 77, 253, 374, 654, 934, A.S. Anand, C.J. n 299, 327, 367, 959, 1027, 1041, 1086, 1116, 1150, 1192 583, 588, 606, 740, 760, 861, 927, 933, 934, 944, 1040, 1083 A.M. Ahmadi and S. Mohan, JJ. n 339 A.S. Anand, J. n 146, 183, 186, 195, 196, 197, A.N. Grover, J. n 50, 79, 114, 198, 366, 208, 210, 223, 232, 234, 253, 269, 270, 559, 560, 602, 653, 713, 757, 775, 271, 406, 410, 545, 619, 642, 676, 733, 827, 950, 1023, 1024, 1026, 1079 837, 914, 919, 1014, 1015, 1112, 1152

* Names of the Judges of the Supreme Court who authored the judgment and the page number on which the quotation is available. Where the quote is taken from an order or where more than one Judge signed the judg- ment then their names are indexed together. Also, distinction has been made if the quote is from a judgment delivered by the Judge as the Chief Justice or as a Puisine Judge. lvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

A.S. Anand and K.S. Paripoornan, JJ. n 249 B.P. Jeevan Reddy, J. n 49, 142, 161, Abhay Manohar Sapre, J. n 162 179, 235, 300, 340, 385, 436, 502, 596, 656, 674, 859, 966, 1030, 1103, Adarsh Kumar Goel, J. n 226, 1122, 1143, 1147, 1174, 1191 516, 970, 1064, 1187 B.P. Singh and R.V. Raveendran, JJ. n 307 Aftab Alam, J. n 23, 96, 144, 456, 521, 531, 542, 671, 819, 860, 883, 884 B.S. Chauhan, J. n 21, 38, 59, 65, 93, 112, 140, 163, 195, 206, 213, 214, 215, 227, Aftab Alam and Ranjana P. Desai, JJ. n 268 297, 334, 335, 336, 343, 345, 383, 392, Aftab Alam and T.S. Thakur, JJ. n 66 419, 448, 453, 456, 462, 480, 540, 541, Alagiriswami, J. n 828, 1118 608, 641, 670, 699, 719, 729, 747, 748, Altamas Kabir, C.J. n 17, 37, 111, 750, 771, 774, 777, 843, 873, 881, 893, 669, 728, 764, 767, 1194 908, 916, 969, 1007, 1009, 1010, 1065, 1082, 1083, 1101, 1102, 1109, 1186, 1198 Altamas Kabir, J. n 230, 316, 958, 980, 1009 B.S. Chauhan and Amarendra Nath Sen, J. n 115 F.M. Ibrahim Kalifulla, JJ. n 709 Anil R. Dave, J. n 36, 37, 334, n 348, 415, 541, 955, 979 B.S. Chauhan and J. Chelameswar, JJ. 454 n Arijit Pasayat, J. n 40, 48, 61, 62, 66, 78, 89, B. Sudershan Reddy, J. 144, 145, 160, 167, 103, 118, 126, 190, 230, 231, 253, 271, 172, 184, 230, 297, 298, 403, 437, 446, 298, 346, 364, 371, 372, 391, 393, 395, 542, 737, 785, 904, 996, 1050, 1076 397, 404, 421, 489, 492, 512, 516, 520, B. Sudershan Reddy and S.S. Nijjar, JJ. 534, 543, 609, 628, 629, 648, 649, 671, n 162, 163, 182, 184, 462, 463, 670, 672, 725, 736, 754, 770, 785, 802, 842, 699, 700, 728, 873, 1009, 1152 844, 850, 851, 861, 888, 898, 905, 933, Baharul Islam, J. n 157, 207, 302, 386, 944, 948, 951, 954, 965, 981, 982, 1013, 436, 450, 485, 680, 754, 755, 952 1033, 1039, 1040, 1048, 1062, 1113, 1115, 1121, 1122, 1129, 1172, 1189, 1197 Arijit Pasayat, P. Sathasivam and Aftab Alam, JJ. n 132, 849 C Arun Mishra, J. n 784 C.A. Vaidialingam, J. n 413, 533, 636, 756, 978, 1175 C.K. Prasad, J. n 9, 71, 249, 266, 403, 439, 580, 626, 640, 696, 780, B 835, 964, 1007, 1121, 1165 B.C. Ray, J. n 167, 394, 928, 1016 C.K. Thakker, J.n 133, 248, 465, 1011 B.L. Hansaria, J. n 5, 25, 231, 317, 675, 778, 902, 1167 B.N. Agrawal and H.K. Sema, J. n 488 D B.N. Kirpal, C.J. n 136 D.A. Desai, J. n 28, 30, 57, 101, 147, 162, B.N. Kirpal, J. n 223, 232, 299, 616, 185, 192, 289, 319, 352, 386, 396, 629, 705, 745, 910, 911, 1059 432, 527, 529, 531, 547, 548, 549, B.N. Kirpal, V.N. Khare and 644, 664, 702, 706, 739, 746, 772, M.B. Shah, JJ. n 438 788, 843, 907, 985, 988, 1061, 1063, B.N. Srikrishna, J. n 704 1073, 1075, 1132, 1149, 1173, 1187 JUDGE INDEX  lvii

D.A. Desai and R.B. Misra, JJ. n 644 E D.G. Palekar, J. n 32, 52, 53, 99, 153, 196, 239, 241, 253, 267, 328, 329, 372, E.S. Venkataramiah, J. n 9, 14, 15, 65, 689, 712, 750, 795, 811, 919, 920, 89, 90, 101, 103, 132, 161, 166, 198, 973, 987, 1045, 1106, 1143, 1191 219, 302, 395, 405, 423, 482, 500, 504, 528, 535, 548, 613, 623, 657, 717, D.K. Jain, J. n 145, 150, 183, 242, 464, 783, 840, 857, 860, 887, 1054, 1055, 514, 600, 611, 732, 733, 1120, 1131 1086, 1087, 1113, 1117, 1185, 1198 D.M. Dharmadhikari, J. n 88, 289, 299, 671, 761, 965, 1029, 1061, 1129 D.P. Madon, J. n 6, 68, 150, 311, 446, 447, F 467, 520, 643, 678, 788, 884, 906, 970, 994, 1026, 1054, 1099, 1100, 1159, 1173 F.M. Ibrahim Kalifulla, J. n 209, D.P. Mohapatra, J. n 71, 324, 422 227, 254, 258, 344, 369, 739 D.P. Wadhwa, J. n 16, 25, 84, Faizan Uddin, J. n 375, 797, 833, 857, 1049 233, 260, 545, 601, 743 Dalveer Bhandari, J. n 22, 39, 62, 69, 72, 80, 87, 100, 102, 176, 219, 229, 251, G 306, 326, 337, 345, 346, 347, 390, 391, 393, 452, 453, 455, 463, 464, 501, G.B. Pattanaik, J. n 384, 385, 525, 581, 582, 589, 618, 626, 627, 628, 390, 582, 917, 1097 647, 648, 715, 718, 719, 728, 732, 740, G.K. Mitter, J. n 40, 503, 662, 759, 795, 803, 823, 831, 833, 845, 883, 736, 771, 955, 1105, 1169 893, 932, 981, 1009, 1024, 1029, 1052, G.L. Oza, J. n 279 1097, 1102, 1120, 1121, 1165, 1174 G.N. Ray, J. n 46, 372, 612, 923, 934, 970 Deepak Verma, J. n 971 G.P. Mathur, J. n 64, 971 Dipak Misra, J. n 4, 11, 17, 42, 48, 72, 91, G.S. Misra, J. n 9, 660 94, 118, 144, 158, 177, 178, 205, 213, G.S. Singhvi, J. n 4, 5, 12, 13, 40, 57, 138, 214, 215, 220, 225, 227, 247, 250, 259, 159, 188, 198, 228, 310, 316, 323, 376, 264, 288, 294, 295, 296, 311, 325, 354, 389, 392, 394, 420, 421, 458, 462, 364, 383, 433, 434, 440, 441, 475, 476, 481, 513, 514, 517, 580, 597, 610, 637, 479, 480, 481, 485, 510, 511, 513, 523, 732, 765, 777, 785, 793, 794, 808, 540, 578, 579, 580, 591, 592, 596, 597, 897, 909, 918, 929, 930, 1010, 1082, 600, 640, 641, 642, 668, 669, 692, 1097, 1101, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1144, 718, 725, 735, 737, 745, 749, 752, 756, 1146, 1152, 1166, 1188, 1189, 1193 771, 774, 784, 800, 801, 824, 825, 830, G.S. Singhvi, Shiva Kirti Singh and 831, 868, 908, 940, 942, 943, 945, C. Nagappan, JJ. n 727 946, 976, 979, 1002, 1006, 1034, 1037, G.S. Singhvi and A.K. Ganguly, JJ. n 1080, 1107, 1179, 1180, 1194, 1195 13, 43, 453, 776, 855, 899, 924 Doraiswamy Raju, J. n 141, 232, G.S. Singhvi and H.L. Dattu, JJ. n 13, 658 561, 878, 1075, 1127, 1129 G.T. Nanavati, J. n 218, 466 lviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

H J. Chelameswar, J. n 74, 112, 156, 182, 241, 296, 367, 384, 461, H.K. Sema, J. n 537, 629 641, 765, 807, 839, 1006 H.L. Dattu, C.J., R.K. Agrawal and J.M. Panchal, J. n 5, 23, 44, 136, 139, 216, Arun Mishra, JJ. n 277, 241, 269, 448, 489, 501, 524, 589, 603, 647, 1037, 1045, 1178 615, 701, 882, 1078, 1128, 1129 H.L. Dattu, J. n 11, 325, 433, 434, J.M. Shelat, J. n 10, 40, 202, 204, 274, 285, 540, 588, 654, 669, 703, 718, 848, 330, 413, 559, 867, 920, 974, 1024, 1176 849, 850, 1091, 1097, 1147 J.M. Shelat and A.N. Grover, JJ. n 56, 149, H.L. Dattu and J.S. Khehar, JJ. n 588, 943 153, 156, 170, 711, 813, 815, 1032 H.L. Gokhale, J. n 22, 47, 94, 228, 295, 309, 310, 345, 372, 376, 483, 579, J.S. Khehar, J. n 8, 9, 20, 21, 71, 86, 87, 760, 849, 899, 900, 909, 1192 192, 209, 243, 315, 322, 383, 406, 407, 443, 454, 567, 579, 591, 610, 641, 670, H.R. Khanna, J. n 8, 14, 52, 70, 119, 120, 134, 148, 151, 157, 204, 205, 212, 243, 785, 801, 960, 1050, 1108, 1128 251, 265, 304, 318, 427, 428, 445, 492, J.S. Verma, C.J. n 476, 619 556, 557, 573, 614, 615, 664, 707, 711, 734, J.S. Verma, J. n 2, 67, 68, 94, 319, 353, 752, 768, 771, 795, 797, 811, 826, 853, 356, 365, 393, 404, 407, 506, 578, 862, 864, 865, 867, 919, 954, 973, 1020, 642, 905, 918, 1015, 1099, 1130 1021, 1032, 1034, 1118, 1144, 1150, 1199 n H.S. Bedi, J. n 260, 417, 761, 809, 871, 872 Jaganmohan Reddy, J. 8, 473, 812, 847, 1105 H.S. Bedi and Jaswant Singh, J. n 237, 238, 398, 415, 470, J.M. Panchal, JJ. n 665, 910, 478 565, 566, 646, 723, 803, 817, 840, 1116 Jeevan Reddy, J. n 100, 1074, 1076, 1084, 1085 I

I.D. Dua, J. n 110, 118, 120, 142, 193, 208, 239, 240, 243, 351, 389, 400, 402, K 412, 413, 438, 445, 494, 495, 502, 503, K.G. Balakrishnan, C.J. n 338, 507, 532, 602, 663, 690, 738, 796, 827, 384, 855, 975, 982, 1102 847, 866, 874, 875, 890, 931, 936, 937, 993, 1021, 1034, 1044, 1069, 1077, K.G. Balakrishnan, C.J. and 1130, 1132, 1157, 1158, 1175, 1182 Dr B.S. Chauhan, J. n 24 K.G. Balakrishnan, J. n 354 K. Jagannatha Shetty, J. n 63, 107, 224, J 267, 301, 436, 504, 576, 589, 601, 613, 622, 659, 676, 677, 720, 887, J.C. Shah, J. n 14, 110, 125, 135, 202, 928, 959, 1031, 1099, 1177 203, 239, 381, 402, 431, 479, 503, K. Jayachandra Reddy, J. n 105, 106, 429, 700, 713, 724, 752, 756, 759, 804, 856, 867, 903, 957, 978, 1058, 1078, 538, 661, 774, 954, 1155, 1156 1118, 1119, 1140, 1142, 1158 K.K. Mathew, C.J. n 181, 1021, 1054 JUDGE INDEX  lix

K.K. Mathew, J. n 1, 35, 48, 51, 127, 203, K.S.P. Radhakrishnan, J. n 51, 137, 144, 274, 305, 343, 388, 399, 415, 428, 175, 228, 257, 258, 262, 278, 279, 284, 470, 558, 572, 689, 695, 712, 768, 286, 315, 330, 332, 335, 348, 349, 409, 792, 793, 827, 846, 866, 896, 898, 442, 447, 452, 461, 463, 476, 541, 568, 903, 923, 952, 977, 1071, 1089, 1090, 569, 571, 580, 592, 599, 625, 670, 726, 1100, 1105, 1112, 1138, 1142, 1148 727, 743, 751, 753, 760, 780, 793, 800, K.N. Saikia, J. n 18, 103, 652, 676, 802, 810, 811, 814, 815, 891, 894, 897, 862, 999, 1001, 1137 916, 998, 1008, 1033, 1056, 1057, 1059, 1074, 1113, 1117, 1131, 1136, 1145, 1162 K.N. Singh, J. n 75, 171, 210, 289, 312, 356, 380, 547, 623, 752, 787, 832, 912, 1181 K.S.P. Radhakrishnan and J.S. Khehar, JJ. n 751 K. Ramaswamy, J. n 6, 26, 34, 37, 45, 46, 116, 121, 146, 220, 223, 234, 235, 242, K.S. Paripoornan, J. n 339 250, 260, 270, 285, 288, 300, 301, 310, K.T. Thomas, J.n 16, 44, 93, 217, 233, 241, 312, 340, 341, 375, 385, 450, 451, 467, 290, 449, 498, 500, 501, 569, 602, 607, 474, 515, 516, 525, 536, 545, 570, 576, 630, 650, 655, 672, 701, 741, 760, 796, 578, 583, 584, 585, 586, 612, 619, 620, 832, 839, 878, 922, 946, 1065, 1115, 1178 621, 624, 637, 651, 652, 655, 656, 673, Kuldip Singh, J. n 41, 63, 99, 203, 339, 674, 675, 711, 719, 720, 723, 729, 730, 340, 341, 346, 347, 378, 401, 467, 530, 757, 780, 786, 892, 905, 906, 911, 915, 546, 583, 692, 755, 765, 794, 887, 926, 923, 927, 950, 960, 966, 988, 1023, 1030, 984, 999, 1084, 1147, 1176, 1185 1031, 1040, 1062, 1066, 1069, 1071, Kurian Joseph, J. n 140, 226, 255, 275, 1072, 1073, 1083, 1084, 1145, 1165, 1171 294, 479, 606, 784, 960, 1134 K.Ramaswamy, S.P. Bharucha and K.S. Paripoornam, JJ. n 365 K. Ramaswamy and L B.L. Hansaria, JJ. n 187, 193, 730 K. Ramaswamy and L.M. Sharma, C.J. n 156, 967, 984 M.N. Venkatachaliah, JJ. n 379, 656 L.M. Sharma, J. n 319, 442, K. Ramaswamy and 607, 720, 796, 918 S. Saghir Ahmad, JJ. n 116 K.S. Hegde, J. n 18, 33, 37, 56, 61, 110, 120, 128, 135, 239, 293, 305, 306, 351, 366, M 367, 405, 413, 429, 435, 452, 485, 488, 505, 510, 558, 560, 573, 690, 695, 713, M.B. Shah, J. n 66, 170, 306, 338, 363, 777, 750, 766, 773, 791, 792, 845, 890, 891, 965, 992, 996, 997, 1002, 1115, 1181 957, 978, 992, 1021, 1035, 1057, 1069, M.H. Beg, C.J. n 82, 104, 108, 109, 1070, 1133, 1139, 1140, 1141, 1158, 1160 113, 131, 152, 154, 188, 191, 303, K.S. Hegde and A.K. Mukherjee, JJ. n 55, 152, 408, 411, 416, 425, 468, 469, 528, 155, 157, 161, 471, 722, 812, 813, 845 553, 594, 598, 684, 707, 766, 766 lx  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

M.H. Beg, J. n 104, 110, 112, 131, 136, Markandey Katju and A.K. Patnaik, JJ. n 287 142, 151, 166, 168, 169, 171, 174, 175, Markandey Katju and Gyan Sudha 178, 180, 187, 200, 238, 254, 283, 290, Misra, JJ. n 5, 248, 250, 262, 287, 307, 363, 371, 493, 554, 555, 556, 559, 298, 409, 455, 514, 536, 581, 693, 565, 566, 585, 632, 688, 690, 703, 728, 961, 1028, 1029, 1102, 1168 736, 739, 751, 764, 778, 779, 782, 789, 792, 797, 805, 814, 829, 845, 846, Murari Mohan Dutt, J. n 63 861, 864, 865, 868, 876, 890, 897, 919, 950, 962, 968, 971, 991, 1000, 1001, 1020, 1032, 1048, 1090, 1104, 1106, 1111, 1118, 1119, 1172, 1188, 1200 N M. Hidayatullah, C.J. n 33, 85, 107, N.L. Untwalia, J. n 211, 212, 283, 293, 188, 360, 428, 473, 690, 714, 357, 387, 440, 502, 519, 554, 632, 781, 773, 854, 921, 993, 1163 886, 978, 1100, 1127, 1130, 1170 M. Jagannadha Rao, J. n 129 N.M. Kasliwal, J. n 224, 741, 767, 829, 987 n M.K. Mukherjee, J. 873 N.P. Singh, J. n 199, 202, 243, 285, 905 M.K. Sharma, J. n 370, 589, 626, 627, 1008 N. Santosh Hegde, J. n 141, 851, 1124, 1161 M.K. Sharma and Anil R. Dave, JJ. n 105, 854, 979 M.M. Punchhi, J. n 146, 586, 665, 729 O M.N. Venkatachaliah, C.J., n S. Mohan and A.S. Anand JJ. 72, 760 O. Chinnappa Reddy, J. n 18, 27, 28, 29, 70, M.N. Venkatachaliah, C.J., 101, 124, 224, 236, 237, 245, 261, 273, S. Mohan and B.P. Jeevan Reddy, JJ. n 957 277, 281, 282, 289, 291, 292, 307, 308, M.N. Venkatachaliah, C.J. and 313, 314, 331, 350, 351, 374, 390, 396, Yogeshwar Dayal, J. n 605 414, 417, 425, 440, 446, 447, 511, 528, M.N. Venkatachaliah, J. n 26, 59, 96, 547, 548, 561, 562, 577, 593, 596, 631, 116, 146, 169, 224, 311, 379, 486, 561, 634, 643, 644, 657, 680, 705, 733, 742, 604, 618, 623, 653, 676, 678, 837, 788, 824, 838, 864, 868, 885, 896, 902, 840, 852, 863, 895, 940, 1025, 1155 907, 967, 984, 985, 990, 1016, 1035, M.P. Thakkar, J.n 10, 107, 108, 163, 208, 280, 1041, 1092, 1104, 1163, 1179, 1200 285, 324, 368, 395, 615, 796, 918, 1017 M. Srinivasan, J. n 194 M.Y. Eqbal, J. n 252, 333, 443, 641, P 848, 1037, 1038, 1045, 1097 Madan B. Lokur, J. n 42, 256, 284, 418, 539, P.B. Sawant, J. n 45, 63, 113, 152, 165, 195, 560, 568, 571, 761, 804, 849, 1178, 1188 200, 224, 235, 268, 300, 301, 311, 339, 373, 423, 604, 620, 624, 702, 744, 772, Markandey Katju, J. n 13, 17, 59, 122, 123, 170, 172, 269, 330, 374, 375, 786, 884, 905, 966, 967, 989, 990, 1014, 389, 508, 509, 534, 542, 606, 671, 1015, 1034, 1059, 1085, 1182, 1197 777, 783, 832, 850, 882, 1051, 1124 P.B. Sawant and Yogeshwar Dayal, JJ. n 620 JUDGE INDEX  lxi

P. Jaganmohan Reddy, J. n 15, 53, 54, 74, 90, 95, 96, 103, 169, 201, 354, 357, 388, 413, R 431, 518, 558, 566, 573, 706, 737, 758, R.B. Misra, J. n 83, 244, 313, 467, 770, 799, 808, 840, 854, 890, 892, 941, 491, 562, 715, 725, 726, 863, 1000, 1058, 1149, 1160, 1161, 1191, 1198 906, 912, 913, 1017, 1064 n P.K. Balasubramanyan, J. 421, 649, R.C. Lahoti, C.J. n 355, 671, 672, 762 901, 932, 933, 944, 1126, 1145 R.C. Lahoti, J. n 5, 24, 60, 89, 115, 121, P.K. Goswami, J. n 82, 168, 225, 287, 129, 135, 190, 221, 242, 290, 328, 338, 356, 358, 361, 362, 470, 483, 565, 362, 376, 385, 401, 409, 410, 415, 458, 663, 685, 688, 689, 693, 694, 763, 459, 488, 544, 582, 596, 629, 704, 705, 772, 778, 855, 861, 892, 931, 1044, 709, 844, 956, 983, 1092, 1124, 1164 1056, 1106, 1134, 1143, 1184 R.M. Lodha, C.J. n 126, 172, 213, 214, P.N. Bhagwati, C.J. n 117, 263, 285, 314, 317, 241, 257, 344, 383, 691, 810, 916, 386, 424, 592, 630, 678, 806, 886, 1016 1005, 1006, 1049, 1106, 1177 n P.N. Bhagwati, J. 6, 7, 18, 27, 29, 31, 37, 38, R.M. Lodha, J. n 3, 112, 177, 214, 58, 61, 76, 77, 80, 102, 113, 117, 119, 130, 259, 403, 597, 625, 701, 881, 924, 132, 147, 150, 160, 171, 173, 174, 180, 198, 944, 1091, 1114, 1128, 1153 201, 207, 238, 266, 276, 280, 303, 304, 308, 309, 313, 317, 354, 356, 370, 388, R.M. Lodha, Madan B. Lokur and n 394, 398, 401, 410, 427, 468, 482, 484, Kurian Joseph, JJ. 486 485, 487, 494, 498, 502, 518, 519, 527, R.M. Sahai, J. n 16, 33, 185, 249, 301, 327, 528, 547, 548, 549, 556, 557, 562, 563, 385, 386, 405, 407, 423, 436, 498, 564, 566, 585, 623, 631, 644, 646, 664, 500, 651, 653, 719, 786, 787, 966, 974, 666, 679, 680, 681, 687, 693, 697, 700, 1053, 1092, 1109, 1153, 1154, 1171 711, 722, 730, 731, 743, 746, 790, 814, R.P. Sethi, J. n 25, 44, 45, 124, 186, 187, 819, 825, 843, 844, 907, 912, 913, 952, 189, 190, 191, 218, 246, 364, 365, 953, 985, 992, 999, 1000, 1018, 1044, 414, 457, 500, 545, 561, 582, 600, 1055, 1057, 1088, 1093, 1094, 1107, 1111, 612, 619, 630, 634, 651, 655, 672, 1133, 1138, 1144, 1164, 1169, 1171, 1172 673, 755, 770, 781, 823, 951, 1014, P.N. Singhal, J. n 48, 80, 95, 408, 538, 1083, 1092, 1122, 1127, 1177 550, 712, 750, 818, 928, 1117, 1154 R.S. Pathak, C.J. n 386, 492, 574, 598, P.S. Kailasam, J. n 134, 135, 162, 622, 677, 733, 738, 799, 852 281, 479, 551, 553, 721, 972, R.S. Pathak, J. n 28, 100, 200, 236, 244, 995, 1022, 1154, 1183, 1196 306, 424, 527, 530, 563, 593, 755, 969, P. Sathasivam, C.J. n 83, 84, 278, 360, 994, 1017, 1018, 1054, 1064, 1168 460, 461, 521, 603, 669, 753, 763, 764, R.S. Sarkaria, J. n 64, 75, 95, 137, 163, 798, 808, 876, 1006, 1125, 1181 189, 244, 252, 265, 442, 505, 509, P. Sathasivam, J. n 24, 43, 44, 138, 195, 551, 563, 566, 702, 711, 712, 788, 789, 215, 216, 247, 258, 259, 262, 377, 435, 815, 820, 853, 866, 873, 923, 953, 538, 589, 603, 627, 648, 658, 665, 972, 976, 1044, 1058, 1059, 1169 744, 834, 859, 861, 881, 885, 949, 964, R.V. Raveendran, J. n 35, 69, 102, 199, 1011, 1028, 1038, 1039, 1046, 1050, 297, 298, 403, 457, 520, 525, 610, 1051, 1082, 1150, 1151, 1167, 1189 617, 649, 796, 843, 904, 980, 996, P. Venkatarama Reddi, J. n 121, 1010, 1050, 1094, 1095, 1123, 125, 247, 1152, 1180 1125, 1128, 1135, 1162, 1164 lxii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

R.V. Raveendran and S.H. Kapadia, C.J. n 87, 107, 108, A.K. Patnaik, JJ. n 229, 1091, 1199 175, 344, 377, 384, 461, 519, 698, Ranganath Misra, C.J., 846, 898, 922, 956, 1011, 1134 G.N. Ray and A.S. Anand, JJ. n 676 S.H. Kapadia, C.J., Aftab Alam and K.S.P. Radhakrishnan, JJ. n 658, 1010 Ranganath Misra, C.J., M.N. Venkatachaliah S.H. Kapadia, C.J., K.S.P. Radhakrishnan and M.M. Punchhi, JJ. n 622, 704 and Swatanter Kumar, JJ. n Ranganath Misra, C.J. n 242, 379, 124, 192, 1008, 1101 622, 652, 1015, 1096 S.H. Kapadia, J. n 73, 88, 158, 179, 180, Ranganath Misra, J. n 26, 73, 211, 321, 284, 404, 466, 466, 511, 542, 611, 764, 331, 379, 392, 450, 487, 488, 500, 901, 910, 982, 999, 1012, 1025, 1141 512, 574, 602, 612, 652, 730, 741, 755, S.J. Mukhopadhaya, J. n 332, 824 762, 823, 852, 921, 926, 935, 1181 S.J. Mukhopadhaya and S.A. Bobde, JJ. n 382 n Ranganath Misra and M.M. Dutt, JJ. 1016 S.M. Sikri, C.J. n 56, 149, 153, 441, Ranganath Misra and M.N. 471, 472, 813, 896, 953 Venkatachaliah, JJ. n 116, 499 S.M. Sikri, J. n 41, 73, 340, 575, 739, Ranjana P. Desai, J. n 197, 247, 267, 497, 875, 915, 994, 1131, 1146 699, 758, 834, 835, 888, 1056, 1192 S. Murtaza Fazal Ali, J. n 58, 78, 134, Ranjan Gogoi, J. n 79, 80, 380, 419, 460, 511, 139, 169, 200, 206, 209, 211, 237, 238, 609, 668, 691, 735, 766, 1046, 1108, 1170 318, 319, 402, 410, 414, 442, 451, 478, 483, 506, 512, 517, 528, 547, 550, 555, Ratnavel Pandian, J. n 218, 1123 594, 613, 624, 678, 680, 709, 720, Rohinton Fali Nariman, J. n 47, 278, 326, 722, 758, 781, 821, 828, 830, 853, 855, 536, 668, 690, 726, 732, 735, 921, 892, 930, 936, 958, 961, 962, 977, 939, 997, 1038, 1079, 1080, 1199 987, 1041, 1113, 1116, 1174, 1185 Ruma Pal, J. n 145, 544 S.N. Dwivedi, J. n 73, 88, 128, 132, 154, 166, 170, 193, 428, 448, 471, 472, 614, 767, 811 S.N. Variava, J. n 231, 242, 888, 949 S. Natarajan, J. n 46 S S.P. Bharucha, J. n 145, 378, 484, 1063 S.B. Majmudar, J. n 240, 655 S. Rajendra Babu, J. n 115, 159, 362, 378, 709, 852, 1065, 1135 S.B. Sinha, J. n 24, 62, 78, 183, 230, 320, 338, 384, 391, 403, 449, 475, 532, 542, S. Ranganathan, J. n 11, 379, 885 543, 544, 560, 561, 627, 635, 704, 710, S. Ratnavel Pandian, J. n 26, 75, 150, 165, 736, 779, 805, 809, 825, 850, 878, 194, 244, 398, 448, 515, 526, 530, 886, 891, 894, 895, 969, 982, 998, 546, 571, 576, 586, 590, 616, 621, 1001, 1013, 1024, 1052, 1053, 1060, 624, 674, 675, 912, 1001, 1015, 1121 1073, 1102, 1132, 1136, 1196, 1200 S.S.M. Quadri, J. n 279, 444, 629, 650, 1013, 1124 S.C. Agrawal, J. n 71, 123, 787, 1200 S.S. Nijjar, J. n 152, 269, 277, 318, n S.C. Roy, J. 64, 888 383, 421, 455, 541, 581, 592, 598, S.H. Kapadia, C.J., K.S.P. Radhakrishnan 697, 846, 861, 899, 951, 1026, and Swatanter Kumar, JJ. n 320 1122, 1125, 1148, 1188, 1194 JUDGE INDEX  lxiii

S. Saghir Ahmad, J. n 422, 716, 758, V 930, 945, 965, 1193, 1193 Sabyasachi Mukharji, C.J. n 175, V. Bhargava, J. n 74, 429, 559, 1169 235, 373, 423, 484, 546, 561, V.D. Tulzapurkar, J. n 323, 576, 652, 676, 691, 844 550, 587, 818, 1183 Sabyasachi Mukharji, J. n 11, 15, 26, 27, V. Gopala Gowda, J. n 568, 640, 753, 1056 70, 91, 140, 146, 203, 302, 329, 381, V. Khalid, J. n 745, 799, 963 437, 467, 507, 510, 547, 562, 586, V.N. Khare, C.J. n 145, 544, 948, 971 600, 603, 613, 630, 635, 643, 653, V.N. Khare, J. n 327, 393, 500, 1014 656, 659, 666, 677, 749, 759, 773, V.R. Krishna Iyer, D.A. Desai and 788, 863, 895, 907, 915, 917, 951, 997, A.D. Koshal, JJ. n 571 999, 1017, 1025, 1072, 1137, 1141 V.R. Krishna Iyer, J. n 6, 7, 10, 17, 18, 19, 29, Shivaraj V. Patil, J. n 693 30, 31, 32, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 60, 68, 70, 75, 76, 81, 82, 86, 93, 97, 98, 99, 104, 105, Suhas C. Sen, J. n 234, 1136 109, 118, 119, 123, 127, 129, 130, 134, Sujata V. Manohar, J. n 77, 338, 1083 137, 138, 139, 147, 151, 152, 153, 154, 159, Swatanter Kumar, J. n 22, 65, 69, 91, 109, 160, 164, 167, 171, 173, 174, 176, 178, 136, 172, 228, 263, 279, 286, 297, 179, 181, 187, 188, 194, 196, 197, 212, 219, 315, 321, 419, 420, 433, 449, 458, 462, 221, 224, 225, 237, 238, 239, 244, 246, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 261, 262, 264, 483, 522, 523, 524, 588, 590, 610, 627, 265, 271, 272, 273, 276, 281, 282, 283, 659, 670, 735, 741, 763, 784, 805, 899, 292, 293, 302, 303, 309, 311, 314, 323, 926, 947, 950, 956, 995, 998, 1007, 325, 341, 342, 349, 352, 353, 355, 357, 1029, 1081, 1082, 1109, 1162, 1164 358, 360, 362, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 387, 388, 396, 398, 400, 401, 407, 408, 410, 411, 412, 417, 425, 427, 428, 432, 434, 435, 437, 444, 446, 451, 457, 458, T 468, 469, 476, 477, 484, 491, 496, 497, 499, 504, 505, 507, 509, 511, 515, 517, 518, T.K. Thommen, J. n 49, 157, 350, 518, 546, 526, 529, 530, 531, 534, 535, 536, 550, 605, 698, 705, 782, 806, 940, 984 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 557, 558, 563, T.S. Thakur, J. n 2, 3, 21, 61, 92, 133, 564, 567, 568, 574, 577, 585, 587, 590, 204, 228, 259, 286, 358, 361, 363, 594, 595, 597, 599, 601, 602, 604, 605, 418, 421, 433, 560, 903, 917, 922, 607, 608, 609, 614, 616, 623, 624, 625, 631, 632, 633, 634, 637, 638, 645, 646, 939, 954, 1005, 1011, 1094 647, 654, 660, 662, 666, 681, 682, 683, Tarun Chatterjee, J. n 844, 980 684, 685, 686, 687, 688, 689, 694, 696, 697, 699, 702, 703, 706, 708, 710, 715, 721, 726, 731, 733, 734, 738, 742, 743, 746, 747, 749, 764, 775, 780, 782, 789, U 790, 791, 804, 805, 806, 810, 814, 816, 817, 820, 821, 822, 823, 825, 826, 829, Umesh C. Banerjee, J. n 84, 232, 233, 326, 830, 832, 835, 836, 844, 853, 856, 858, 331, 406, 478, 505, 544, 545, 650, 651, 862, 869, 870, 871, 872, 873, 877, 878, 655, 672, 911, 934, 1098, 1124, 1147 879, 880, 885, 886, 889, 890, 892, 896, lxiv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

V.R. Krishna Iyer, J. (contd.) n 897, 907, Y 913, 914, 915, 925, 926, 928, 930, 931, 935, 936, 937, 938, 941, 945, 948, 955, Y.K. Sabharwal, C.J. n 51, 66, 87, 174, 322, 367, 465, 466, 474, 542, 628, 692, 695, 956, 961, 962, 963, 964, 969, 971, 972, 773, 942, 1012, 1013, 1027, 1125, 1127 975, 985, 986, 988, 989, 992, 995, 1003, Y.K. Sabharwal, J. n 332, 378, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 422, 457, 833, 1135 1027, 1032, 1035, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1046, Y.V. Chandrachud, C.J., D.A. Desai, 1047, 1048, 1054, 1060, 1061, 1062, A.P. Sen, E.S. Venkataramiah 1063, 1066, 1067, 1068, 1070, 1071, 1072, and Baharul Islam, JJ. n 236 1074, 1075, 1077, 1078, 1087, 1088, 1093, Y.V. Chandrachud, C.J. n 12, 93, 126, 132, 1094, 1100, 1103, 1104, 1106, 1107 133, 147, 161, 251, 279, 280, 349, 350, 387, 395, 400, 407, 425, 426, 468, 488, 537, 1110, 1120, 1125, 1134, 1135, 1148, 1155, 642, 643, 657, 679, 693, 710, 716, 730, 1156, 1157, 1159, 1165, 1170, 1174, 1179, 744, 787, 819, 839, 842, 931, 1073, 1190 1187, 1188, 1190, 1196, 1197, 1199 Y.V. Chandrachud, J. n 34, 51, 52, 60, 94, 111, 128, 130, 142, 148, 164, 185, 201, V.R. Krishna Iyer and A.C. Gupta, JJ. n 416 246, 250, 267, 304, 319, 322, 371, 411, V. Ramaswami, J. n 429, 503, 426, 440, 444, 472, 481, 484, 504, 512, 636, 828, 921, 978, 1131 516, 529, 552, 555, 556, 557, 565, 572, 573, 590, 592, 594, 605, 633, 646, 680, Vikramajit Sen, J. n 226, 227, 266, 579, 702, 722, 756, 767, 842, 853, 865, 874, 640, 700, 848, 849, 877, 1081 889, 1036, 1044, 1088, 1162, 1191 Table of Cases

Abdul Razak v. Mangesh Rajaram A Wagle, (2010) 2 SCC 432 n 421 A.B. Bhaskara Rao v. CBI, (2011) 10 Abdus Sukkur v. State of W.B., SCC 259 n 215, 216, 1038 (1972) 2 SCC 547 n 973 A.B.C. Laminart (P) Ltd. v. A.P. Agencies, Abhay Singh Surana v. Indian Rayon and (1989) 2 SCC 163 n 103 Industries Ltd., (1988) 4 SCC 358 n 653 A.K. Kraipak v. Union of India, Abhay Singh v. State of U.P., (2013) n (1969) 2 SCC 262 n 792 15 SCC 435 4, 323 A.K.M. Hassan Uzzaman v. Union of Abhijit Tea Co. (P) Ltd. v. Terai Tea Co. n India, (1982) 2 SCC 218 n 236 (P) Ltd., (1996) 1 SCC 589 536 Accountant & Secretarial Services (P) Ltd. v. A.K. Roy v. State of Punjab, (1986) 4 SCC 326 n 291 Union of India, (1988) 4 SCC 324 n 11 A.K. Roy v. Union of India, (1982) 1 SCC 271 n 142 Acharya Maharajshri Narendra Prasadji A.M. Mathur v. Pramod Kumar Gupta, Anandprasadji Maharaj v. State of (1990) 2 SCC 533 n 622 Gujarat, (1975) 1 SCC 11 n 470 A.N. Sehgal v. Raje Ram Sheoran, Adambhai Sulemanbhai Ajmeri v. State of 1992 Supp (1) SCC 304 n 960 Gujarat, (2014) 7 SCC 716 n 568 A.P. Dairy Development Corpn. Federation v. B. Adarsh Shiksha Mahavidyalaya v. Subhash Narasimha Reddy, (2011) 9 SCC 286 n 206, 1109 Rahangdale, (2012) 2 SCC 425 n 1144, 1146 A.P. Grain and Seed Merchants Assn. v. Adi Pherozshah Gandhi v. H.M. Seervai, Advocate Union of India, (1970) 2 SCC 71 n 903 General of Maharashtra, (1970) 2 SCC 484 n 85 v. A.P. State Financial Corpn. Gar Re-Rolling ADM, Jabalpur v. Shivakant Shukla, (1976) n Mills, (1994) 2 SCC 647 406 2 SCC 521 n 7, 131, 174, 370, 371, 557, n A.R. Antulay v. R.S. Nayak, (1988) 2 SCC 602 687, 722, 734, 792, 826, 864, 865, 876, 26, 224, 467, 602, 618, 635, 653, 678, 852, 915 1001, 1020, 1034, 1088, 1200 A.S. Mittal v. State of U.P., (1989) 3 SCC 223 n 499 Advocate General, State of Bihar v. M.P. Khair A.S. Mohammed Rafi v. State of T.N., Industries, (1980) 3 SCC 311 n 28, 237 (2011) 1 SCC 688 n 882 Afzal v. State of Haryana, 1995 A.S. Narayana Deekshitulu v. State of A.P., Supp (2) SCC 388 n 45 (1996) 9 SCC 548 n 300, 673, 966 Agarwal & Co. v. CIT, (1970) 2 SCC 48 n 505 A. Sanjeevi Naidu v. State of Madras, Agarwal Engineering Co. v. Technoimpex (1970) 1 SCC 443 n 429, 766 Hungarian Machine Industries Foreign A. Subash Babu v. State of A.P., (2011) 7 Trade Co., (1977) 4 SCC 367 n 17, 50 SCC 616 n 448, 1078, 1128, 1129 Ahmedabad Mfg. & Calico Ptg. Co. Ltd. v. Ram A. Sundarambal v. Govt. of Goa, Daman Tahel Ramnand, (1972) 1 SCC 898 n 1069 and Diu, (1988) 4 SCC 42 n 1055 Ahmedabad Municipal Corpn. v. Haji Abdulgafur A. Venkatasubbiah Naidu v. S. Chellappan, Haji Hussenbhai, (1971) 1 SCC 757 n 796 (2000) 7 SCC 695 n 501, 878 Ahmedabad Municipal Corpn. v. Nawab Khan Aarushi Dhasmana v. Union of India, Gulab Khan, (1997) 11 SCC 121 n 375 (2013) 9 SCC 475 n 592, 727, 810 Ahmedabad St. Xavier’s College Society v. State of Aashirwad Films v. Union of India, Gujarat, (1974) 1 SCC 717 n 48, 342, 343, 350, (2007) 6 SCC 624 n 1113 428, 448, 471, 767, 768, 769, 770, 962, 1032 Abdul Karim v. State of Karnataka, Ahmed Hussein Vali Mohammed Saiyed v. State (2000) 8 SCC 710 n 484 of Gujarat, (2009) 7 SCC 254 n 1039 lxvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

AIIMS Students’ Union v. AIIMS, (2002) 1 SCC All Saints High School v. Govt. of A.P., 428 n 121, 135, 328, 385, 401, 458, 459, 983 (1980) 2 SCC 478 n 349, 350, 484, 767 Air India Statutory Corpn. v. United Labour Almitra H. Patel v. Union of India, Union, (1997) 9 SCC 377 n 892, 1066 (2000) 2 SCC 679 n 745, 1059 Air India v. Nergesh Meerza, (1981) Aluminium Corpn. of India Ltd. v. Union 4 SCC 335 n 318, 319, 758 of India, (1975) 2 SCC 472 n 1021 Ajahar Ali v. State of W.B., (2013) Amalgamated Tea Estates Co. Ltd. v. State 10 SCC 31 n 774, 916 of Kerala, (1974) 4 SCC 415 n 128 Ajaib Singh v. Sirhind Coop. Marketing- Amar Chandra Chakraborty v. Collector of Cum-Processing Service Society Excise, (1972) 2 SCC 442 n 351, 1157, 1158 Ltd., (1999) 6 SCC 82 n 634 Amar Nath Basheshar Dass v. Tek Ajay Dixit v. State of U.P., (1984) 4 SCC 400 n 15 Chand, (1972) 1 SCC 893 n 1149 Ajay Goswami v. Union of India, Amar Pal Singh v. State of U.P., (2012) (2007) 1 SCC 143 n 38 6 SCC 491 n 523, 597 Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib Sehravardi, (1981) Amar Singh v. Union of India, (2011) 7 1 SCC 722 n 180, 207, 468, 482, 484 SCC 69 n 453, 670, 740, 1166 Ajay Kumar Pandey, Advocate, In re, Ambalal D. Bhatt v. State of Gujarat, (1998) 7 SCC 248 n 197, 619, 1014 (1972) 3 SCC 525 n 103, 890 Ajay Maken v. Adesh Kumar Gupta, Ambika Prasad Mishra v. State of U.P., (2013) 3 SCC 489 n 641 (1980) 3 SCC 719 n 49, 151, 681, 1066 Ajaypal Singh v. Haryana Warehousing American Express Bank Ltd. v. Calcutta Corpn., (2015) 6 SCC 321 n 382 Steel Co., (1993) 2 SCC 199 n 651 Ajit Kumar Chaudhary v. State of American Home Products Corpn. v. Mac Bihar, (1972) 2 SCC 451 n 240 Labs. (P) Ltd., (1986) 1 SCC 465 n 1159 Akalu Ahir v. Ramdeo Ram, (1973) 2 Amiya Kumar Karmakar v. State of SCC 583 n 502, 503, 602, 937 W.B., (1972) 2 SCC 672 n 920 Akhil Bharatiya Soshit Karamchari Sangh (Railway) Amrik Singh v. State of Punjab, 1988 v. Union of India, (1981) 1 SCC 246 n 173, Supp SCC 685 n 1041 176, 313, 526, 634, 886, 985, 986, 1170 Amrit Bhushan Gupta v. Union of India, Akhil Bhartiya Upbhokta Congress v. State of M.P., (1977) 1 SCC 180 n 283, 556 (2011) 5 SCC 29 n 389, 392, 420, 1109, 1111 Amritsar Improvement Trust v. Baldeva Akhtari Bi v. State of M.P., (2001) Inder Singh, (1972) 1 SCC 165 n 845 4 SCC 355 n 500, 1177 Anand Behari v. Rajasthan SRTC, Alembic Chemical Works Co. Ltd. v. (1991) 1 SCC 731 n 990 CIT, (1989) 3 SCC 329 n 604 Ananta Mukhi v. State of W.B., (1972) Aligarh Municipal Board v. Ekka Tonga Mazdoor 1 SCC 580 n 920, 974 Union, (1970) 3 SCC 98 n 193, 208 Angad Das v. Union of India, Alijan Mian v. Distt. Magistrate, (2010) 3 SCC 463 n 845 (1983) 4 SCC 301 n 863 Angrej Kaur v. Union of India, (2005) 4 All-India Federation of Tax Practitioners v. SCC 446: 2005 SCC (Cri) 1054 n 672 Union of India, (2007) 7 SCC 527 n 180 Anil Chandra v. Radha Krishna Gaur, Allauddin Mian v. State of Bihar, (2009) 9 SCC 454 n 980 (1989) 3 SCC 5 n 253, 1041 Anil Panjwani, In re, (2003) 7 SCC 375 n 190 All India Bank Officers’ Confederation v. Anil Rai v. State of Bihar, (2001) 7 Union of India, (1989) 4 SCC 90 n 782 SCC 318 n 619, 630, 1092 All India Judges Assn. v. Union of India, Animal Welfare Board of India v. A. Nagaraja, (2010) 14 SCC 705 n 658, 1010 (2014) 7 SCC 547 n 726, 727 All India Judges’ Assn. (I) v. Union of Ankush Shivaji Gaikwad v. State of Maharashtra, India, (1992) 1 SCC 119 n 622, 652 (2013) 6 SCC 770 n 133, 259 All India Judges’ Assn. (3) v. Union of Anthonyswamy v. M.R. Chinnaswamy India, (2002) 4 SCC 247 n 616, 629 Koundan, (1969) 3 SCC 15 n 828 All Party Hill Leaders’ Conference v. Capt. W.A. Anuj Garg v. Hotel Assn. of India, (2008) 3 Sangma, (1977) 4 SCC 161 n 361, 763 SCC 1 n 475, 710, 809, 825, 1060, 1196 TABLE OF CASES  lxvii

Anwar v. State of J&K, (1971) 3 SCC 104 n 495 Ashok Kumar Thakur (8) v. Union of Aravali Golf Club v. Chander Hass, India, (2007) 4 SCC 361 n 48, 126 (2008) 1 SCC 683 n 581 Ashok Kumar Todi v. Kishwar Jahan, Arcot Textile Mills Ltd. v. Regl. Provident (2011) 3 SCC 758 n 538 Fund Commr., (2013) 16 SCC 1 n 784 Ashok Kumar v. State (Delhi Admn.), Arjun v. State of Rajasthan, 1994 (1980) 2 SCC 282 n 341, 444 n Supp (3) SCC 189 375 Ashok Kumar v. State of Rajasthan, v. Arnesh Kumar State of Bihar, (2014) (1991) 1 SCC 166 n 327 8 SCC 273 n 9, 71, 249, 835 Ashok Shankarrao Chavan v. Madhavrao Arumugam Servai v. State of T.N., Kinhalkar, (2014) 7 SCC 99 n 209, 369 (2011) 6 SCC 405 n 508 v. Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug v. Union Ashutosh Gupta State of Rajasthan, n of India, (2011) 4 SCC 524 n 409 (2002) 4 SCC 34 384, 385, 390 Aruna Roy v. Union of India, (2002) 7 SCC Ashwani Kumar v. State of Bihar, 368 n 88, 299, 338, 777, 965, 1029, 1129 (1997) 2 SCC 1 n 655 Arun Devendra Oza v. State of Gujarat, Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha v. Union (2001) 10 SCC 195 n 84 of India, (2015) 3 SCC 1 n 997 Arundhati Ashok Walavalkar v. State Assessing Authority-cum-Excise and Taxation of Maharashtra, (2011) 11 SCC 324: Officer v. East India Cotton Mfg. Co. (2011) 2 SCC (L&S) 214 n 1008 Ltd., (1981) 3 SCC 531 n 563 Arundhati Roy, In re, (2002) 3 SCC 343 n 186, Assn. for Environment Protection v. State of 187, 189, 190, 191, 582, 619, 1014, 1083, 1122 Kerala, (2013) 7 SCC 226 n 376, 929 Arun Ghosh v. State of W.B., (1970) 1 SCC 98 n 921 Assn. of Unified Tele Services Providers v. Union Arun Kumar Agrawal v. National Insurance Co. of India, (2014) 6 SCC 110 n 144, 793, 814 n Ltd., (2010) 9 SCC 218 477, 1193, 1195 Associated Cement Co. Ltd. v. CTO, Arun Kumar Agrawal v. Union of India, (1981) 4 SCC 578 n 548 (2014) 2 SCC 609 n 455, 1026 ATIC Industries Ltd. v. Workmen, Arun Kumar Bose v. Mohd. Furkan (1972) 2 SCC 88 n 636 Ansari, (1984) 1 SCC 91 n 1181 Arun Kumar Roy v. State of W.B., Atmaram Builders (P) Ltd. v. A.K. (1972) 3 SCC 893 n 1105 Tuli, (2011) 6 SCC 385 n 455 Arun v. Addl. I.G. of Police, (1986) Aurangabad Electricals (P) Ltd. v. CCE & 3 SCC 696 n 235 Customs, (2011) 1 SCC 121 n 1147 Arup Bhuyan v. State of Assam, Authorised Officer v. S. Naganatha Ayyar, (2011) 3 SCC 377 n 262 (1979) 3 SCC 466 n 551, 631, 666 Arvind Singh v. State of Bihar, Aveek Sarkar v. State of W.B., (2001) 6 SCC 407 n 326 (2014) 4 SCC 257 n 802 Ashabai v. State of Maharashtra, Avinash Mehrotra v. Union of India, (2013) 2 SCC 224 n 247 (2009) 6 SCC 398 n 345, 464 Asharam M. Jain v. A.T. Gupta, Avinder Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) (1983) 4 SCC 125 n 631, 742 1 SCC 137 n 154, 292, 293 Asha Sharma v. Chandigarh Admn., (2011) Awadhi Yadav v. State of Bihar, 10 SCC 86 n 65, 109, 420, 956 (1971) 3 SCC 116 n 120 Ash Mohammad v. Shiv Raj Singh, Ayya Ayub v. State of U.P., (1989) 1 SCC 374 n 863 (2012) 9 SCC 446 n 296, 718 Azam Jha Bahadur v. Expenditure Tax Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. State of Bihar, n (1995) 5 SCC 403 n 984 Officer, (1971) 3 SCC 621 559 Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of Azhar Hussain v. Rajiv Gandhi, 1986 India, (2011) 12 SCC 793 n 849 (Supp) SCC 315 n 368 Ashoka Kumar Thakur v. Union of India, (2008) 6 Azija Begum v. State of Maharashtra, SCC 1 n 87, 102, 176, 306, 337, 346, 347, 384, (2012) 3 SCC 126 n 569 390, 391, 393, 397, 452, 464, 719, 725, 803, 932, Azizul Haque v. State of U.P., 951, 980, 981, 982, 1029, 1052, 1062, 1102 (1971) 3 SCC 796 n 792 lxviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1982) 3 B SCC 24 n 18, 150, 160, 280, 313 B.A. Jayaram v. Union of India, Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1984) 1 SCC 168 n 417 (1979) 3 SCC 727 n 162, 281 B.A. Linga Reddy v. Karnataka State Transport Badrinarayan Chunilal Bhutada v. Govindram Authority, (2015) 4 SCC 515 n 784 Ramgopal Mundada, (2003) 2 SCC 320 n 1164 B.B. Rajwanshi v. State of U.P., Badshah v. Urmila Badshah Godse, (1988) 2 SCC 415 n 423 (2014) 1 SCC 188 n 541, 669 B. Banerjee v. Anita Pan, (1975) 1 Baigana v. Dy. Collector of Consolidation, SCC 166 n 931, 1021 (1978) 2 SCC 461 n 1125 B.G. Goswami v. Delhi Admn., (1974) Bai Radha v. State of Gujarat, 3 SCC 85 n 936, 1044 (1969) 1 SCC 43 n 1026 B.K. Mohapatra v. State of Orissa, Bai Tahira v. Ali Hussain Fidaalli 1987 Supp SCC 553 n 15 Chothia, (1979) 2 SCC 316 n 683 B.K. Narayana Pillai v. Parameswaran Bakhshish Singh v. State of Punjab, Pillai, (2000) 1 SCC 711 n 25 (1971) 3 SCC 182 n 120 B.L. Wadhera v. Union of India, Balchand Choraria v. Union of India, (2002) 9 SCC 108 n 1127 (1978) 1 SCC 161 n 722 B.M. Patel v. N.K. Barot, (1974) 2 SCC Balchand Jain v. State of M.P., 706 n 212, 219, 412, 742, 797 (1976) 4 SCC 572 n 58 B.N. Mutto v. T.K. Nandi, (1979) 1 SCC 361 n 551 BALCO Employees’ Union v. Union of India, B.P. Achala Anand v. S. Appi Reddy, (2002) 2 SCC 333 n 232, 299, 910, 911 (2005) 3 SCC 313 n 672 Baldev Raj Guliani v. Punjab & Haryana High B.P. Sharma v. Union of India, Court, (1976) 4 SCC 201 n 168, 1134 (2003) 7 SCC 309 n 450 Baliram Waman Hiray (Dr) v. Justice B. B.P. Singhal v. Union of India, (2010) Lentin, (1988) 4 SCC 419 n 678 6 SCC 331 n 298, 843 Balkrishna Somnath v. Sadu Devram B.P. Singh v. State of Bihar, (2001) 2 SCC 305 n 376 Koli, (1977) 2 SCC 15 n 708 B. Prabhakar Rao v. State of A.P., Ballarpur Collieries Co. v. Presiding Officer, 1985 Supp SCC 432 n 643 C.G.I.T., (1972) 2 SCC 27 n 532 B. Premanand v. Mohan Koikal, Balmer Lawrie Workers’ Union v. Balmer Lawrie (2011) 4 SCC 266 n 693 & Co. Ltd., 1984 Supp SCC 663 n 1173 B.R. Enterprises v. State of U.P., Balram Kumawat v. Union of India, (1999) 9 SCC 700 n 475 (2003) 7 SCC 628 n 704 B.R. Kapur v. State of T.N., (2001) 7 SCC 231 n 145 Balwant Narayan Bhagde v. M.D. B.R. Singh v. Union of India, Bhagwat, (1976) 1 SCC 700 n 293 (1989) 4 SCC 710 n 1116 Balwant Rai Saluja v. Air India Ltd., B. Sundar Rao v. State of Orissa, (2014) 9 SCC 407 n 325, 848 (1972) 3 SCC 11 n 920, 973 Balwant Singh v. Anand Kumar Sharma, Babaji Kondaji v. Nasik Merchants Co-operation (2003) 3 SCC 433 n 971 Bank Ltd., (1984) 2 SCC 50 n 985 Balwant Singh v. Commr. of Police, Babubhai Jamnadas Patel v. State of (2015) 4 SCC 801 n 162 Gujarat, (2009) 9 SCC 610 n 230 Balwant Singh v. State of Bihar, Babu Rajirao Shinde v. State of Maharashtra, (1977) 4 SCC 448 n 30 (1971) 3 SCC 337 n 61 Balwant Singh v. State of Punjab, Babu Ram Jagdish Kumar & Co. v. State (1976) 1 SCC 425 n 283 of Punjab, (1979) 3 SCC 616 n 1117 Banarsi v. Ram Phal, (2003) 9 SCC 606 n 60, 844 Baburao Bajirao Patil v. State of Maharashtra, Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of (1971) 3 SCC 432 n 142 India, (1997) 10 SCC 549 n 116 Babu Singh v. State of U.P., (1978) 1 SCC Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, (1984) 579 n 81, 601, 733, 816, 1093 3 SCC 161 n 236, 468, 593, 664, 994 Bachan Singh v. Prithvi Singh, Bangalore Medical Trust v. B.S. Muddappa, (1975) 1 SCC 368 n 1169 (1991) 4 SCC 54 n 423, 436 TABLE OF CASES  lxix

Bangalore Turf Club Ltd. v. ESI Corpn., Bhawanji Lakhamshi v. Himatlal Jamnadas (2014) 9 SCC 657 n 540 Dani, (1972) 1 SCC 388 n 695 Bangalore Water Supply & Sewerage Board v. A. Bhim Singhji v. Union of India, (1981) Rajappa, (1978) 2 SCC 213 n 109, 342, 533, 534, 1 SCC 166 n 236, 715, 896 535, 552, 564, 594, 662, 880, 1019, 1074, 1156 Bhim Singh v. Election Commr. of Bank of India v. T.S. Kelawala, (1990) India, (1996) 4 SCC 188 n 365 4 SCC 744 n 772, 1182, 1197 Bhim Singh v. State of J&K, (1985) Baradakanta Mishra v. Registrar of Orissa 4 SCC 677 n 273 High Court, (1974) 1 SCC 374 n 32, 188, Bhim Singh v. Union of India, (2010) 194, 196, 239, 241, 428, 585, 1077 5 SCC 538 n 1050, 1051 Baradakanta Misra v. Bhimsen Dixit, Bhoop Singh v. Union of India, (1992) (1973) 1 SCC 446 n 193 3 SCC 136 n 319, 407 Bar Council of Maharashtra v. M.V. Dabholkar, Bhupendra Nath Hazarika v. State of (1975) 2 SCC 702 n 85, 86, 557, 885 Assam, (2013) 2 SCC 516 n 481 Bar Council of Maharashtra v. M.V. Dabholkar, Bhupinder Sharma v. State of H.P., (1976) 2 SCC 291 n 46, 47, 1020 (2003) 8 SCC 551 n 231, 609 Basavva Kom Dyamangouda Patil v. State Bhut Nath Mete v. State of W.B., of Mysore, (1977) 4 SCC 358 n 892 (1974) 1 SCC 645 n 123 Basti Sugar Mills v. State of U.P., (1979) Bhuwan Mohan Singh v. Meena, 2 SCC 88 n 531, 637, 1067 (2015) 6 SCC 353 n 749, 756 Basudev Hazra v. Matiar Rahaman Bibi Saddiqa Fatima v. Saiyed Mohammad Mandal, (1971) 1 SCC 433 n 1130 Mahmood Hasan, (1978) 3 SCC 299 n 387, 781 Beenu Rawat v. Union of India, Bigyan Kumar v. Union of India, (2013) 16 SCC 430 n 727 (1988) 3 SCC 603 n 1016 Bennett Coleman & Co. v. Union of India, (1972) Bihar Hindu Religious Trust Board v. Nalini 2 SCC 788 n 240, 371, 416, 473, 1089, 1090 Choudhari, (1973) 2 SCC 752 n 636 Bhag Mal v. Ch. Parbhu Ram, Biharilal Jaiswal v. CIT, (1996) 1 SCC 443 n 674 (1985) 1 SCC 61 n 302 Bihar Legal Support Society v. Chief Justice of Bhagwan Dass v. State (NCT of Delhi), India, (1986) 4 SCC 767 n 80, 592, 912 (2011) 6 SCC 396 n 508 Bijay Kumar Mahanty v. Jadu, Bhagwan Munjaji Pawade v. State of (2003) 1 SCC 644 n 833 Maharashtra, (1978) 3 SCC 330 n 442 Bijili Cotton Mills (P) Ltd. v. Presiding Officer, Bhagwan Singh v. State of M.P., Industrial Tribunal II, (1972) 1 SCC 840 n 507 (2002) 4 SCC 85 n 770 Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala, Bhagwan Singh v. State of Punjab, (1986) 3 SCC 615 n 967 (1992) 3 SCC 249 n 1155, 1156 Bimal Chandra Banerjee v. State of Bhagwan Swaroop v. Mool Chand, M.P., (1970) 2 SCC 467 n 1140 (1983) 2 SCC 132 n 644 Birbal Singh v. Kedar Nath, (1976) 4 SCC 691 n 411 Bhagwant P. Sulakhe v. Digambar G. Bishambher Bhagat v. State of Bihar, Sulakhe, (1986) 1 SCC 366 n 572 (1972) 3 SCC 260 n 890, 1175 Bharat Aluminium Co. v. Kaiser Aluminium Bishnu Deo Shaw v. State of W.B., (1979) 3 Technical Services Inc., (2012) 9 SCC 552 n 541 SCC 714 n 261, 281, 282, 307, 593, 990 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. v. Union of Board of Control for Cricket in India v. Cricket India, (2006) 3 SCC 1 n 709 Assn. of Bihar, (2015) 3 SCC 251 n 92, 922, 1094 Bharat Steel Tubes Ltd. v. State of Board of Mining Examination v. Ramjee, Haryana, (1988) 3 SCC 478 n 73 (1977) 2 SCC 256 n 685, 791, 1063 Bhartiya Seva Samaj Trust v. Yogeshbhai Board of Revenue v. A.M. Ansari, Ambalal Patel, (2012) 9 SCC 310 n 334 (1976) 3 SCC 512 n 723 Bharwada Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai v. State of Board of Trustees of Martyrs Memorial Trust v. Gujarat, (1983) 3 SCC 217 n 208 Union of India, (2012) 10 SCC 734 n 597 Bhavan Vaja v. S.H.K. Mansang, Bodhisattwa Gautam v. Subhra Chakraborty, (1973) 2 SCC 40 n 558 (1996) 1 SCC 490 n 945, 1193 lxx  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Bolani Ores Ltd. v. State of Orissa, C. Ravichandran Iyer v. Justice A.M. Bhattacharjee, (1974) 2 SCC 777 n 558 (1995) 5 SCC 457 n 242, 525, 578, 583, 584, 619 Bombay Art International v. Om Pal Singh C. Roadways v. Pandiyan Roadways Corpn. Hoon, (1996) 4 SCC 1 n 1063 Ltd., (1977) 3 SCC 558 n 416 Bombay Gas Co. v. Jagannath Pandurang, Caetano Piedade Fernandes v. Union Territory of (1975) 4 SCC 690 n 978 Goa, Daman and Diu, (1977) 1 SCC 707 n 61 Borpukhurie Tea Estate v. Presiding Officer, CAG v. K.S. Jagannathan, (1986) 2 SCC 679 n 1026 Industrial Tribunal, (1978) 2 SCC 667 n 237, 238 Calcutta Tramways Co. Ltd. v. CW T, Brahmanand v. Kaushalya Devi, (1973) 3 SCC 35 n 1057 (1977) 3 SCC 1 n 137 Capt. Ramesh Chander Kaushal v. Veena Brihan Mumbai Electric Supply & Transport Kaushal, (1978) 4 SCC 70 n 129, 477, 1067 Undertaking v. Laqshya Media (P) Carborandum & Co. v. CIT, Ltd., (2010) 1 SCC 620 n 435 (1977) 2 SCC 862 n 519 Brij Mohan Lal v. Union of India, (2012) 6 Carew & Co. v. Union of India, (1975) SCC 502 n 321, 483, 522, 523, 763, 1007 2 SCC 791 n 557, 687, 805 Brij Mohan Lal v. Union of India, Carles Sobraj v. Supt., Central Jail, (2002) 5 SCC 1 n 629 (1978) 4 SCC 104 n 1061 Budhadev Karmaskar v. State of W.B., CBI v. Ashok Kumar Aggarwal, (2011) 11 SCC 538 n 728 (2014) 14 SCC 295 n 213 Budhadev Karmaskar (3) v. State of CBI v. Jagjit Singh, (2013) 10 SCC 686 n 332 W.B., (2011) 10 SCC 277 n 728 CBI v. K. Narayana Rao, (2012) Burdwan Central Coop. Bank Ltd. v. Asim 9 SCC 512 n 881, 885 Chatterjee, (2012) 2 SCC 641 n 316 CBI v. Kishore Singh, (2011) 6 SCC 369 n 832 Busching Schmitz (P) Ltd. v. P.T. Menghani, CBSE v. Aditya Bandopadhyay, (1977) 2 SCC 835 n 694, 1094, 1120 (2011) 8 SCC 497 n 996 CCE v. Dunlop India Ltd., (1985) 1 SCC 260 n 907 CCE v. Jainson Hosiery Industries, (1979) 4 SCC 22 n 571 C CCT v. Shukla & Bros., (2010) 4 SCC 785 n 659, 805, 947 C.B. Muthamma v. Union of India, CED v. Alladi Kuppuswamy, (1979) 4 SCC 260 n 476, 1196 (1977) 3 SCC 385 n 206 C. Buchivenkata Rao v. Union of India, CED v. Aloke Mitra, (1981) 2 SCC 121 n 89 (1972) 1 SCC 734 n 1119 CED v. Haji Abdul Sattar Sait, C. Chenga Reddy v. State of A.P., (1972) 2 SCC 350 n 274 (1996) 10 SCC 193 n 406 Census Commr. v. R. Krishnamurthy, C.F. Angadi v. Y.S. Hirannayya, (2015) 2 SCC 796 n 17, 540, 579 (1972) 1 SCC 191 n 415 Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha v. C.G. Ghanshamdas v. Collector of Madras, Dhobei Sahoo, (2014) 1 SCC 161 n 669, 908, 940 (1986) 4 SCC 305 n 14, 840 Central Inland Water Transport Corpn. v. Brojo C.J. Patel & Co. v. Industrial Court, Nath Ganguly, (1986) 3 SCC 156 n 311, 447, Maharashtra, (1972) 2 SCC 46 n 662 467, 678, 994, 1054, 1099, 1100, 1173 C. Krishna Prasad v. CIT, (1975) 1 SCC 160 n 573 Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of C.L. Subramaniam v. Collector of India, (2012) 3 SCC 117 n 855, 899, 924 Customs, (1972) 3 SCC 542 n 791 Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. C.M. Arumugam v. S. Rajgopal, Union of India, (2012) 3 SCC 1 n 5, (1976) 1 SCC 863 n 102 394, 420, 610, 793, 794, 1101, 1110 C. Masilamani Mudaliar v. Idol of Sri Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union Swaminathaswami Swaminathaswami of India, (2011) 4 SCC 1 n 107 Thirukoil, (1996) 8 SCC 525 n 515 Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. C.N. Rudramurthy v. K. Barkathulla Union of India, (2005) 8 SCC 202: Khan, (1998) 8 SCC 275 n 852 (2006) 1 SCC (Cri) 23 n 649 TABLE OF CASES  lxxi

Centre for Public Interest v. Union of Chhotan Prasad Singh v. Hari Dusadh, India, (2005) 8 SCC 202 n 842 (1977) 1 SCC 102 n 48 Century Spg. & Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. State of Chitan J. Vaswani v. State of W.B., Maharashtra, (1972) 3 SCC 282 n 110 (1975) 2 SCC 829 n 1197 Chaitanya Kalbagh v. State of U.P., Chonampara Chellappan v. State of (1989) 2 SCC 314 n 492 Kerala, (1979) 4 SCC 312 n 209 Chaitanya Kumar v. State of Karnataka., Choudhary Jawaharlal v. State of (1986) 2 SCC 594 n 1016 M.P., (1969) 3 SCC 682 n 15 Chameli Singh v. State of U.P., Christian Medical College, Vellore v. Union of (1996) 2 SCC 549 n 729 India, (2014) 2 SCC 305 n 17, 36, 37, 111, Champalal Binani v. CIT, (1971) 3 SCC 20 n 110 334, 348, 415, 541, 764, 767, 955, 979 Chander Sekhar Singh Bhoi v. State of Christian Medical College Hospital Orissa, (1972) 1 SCC 63 n 41 Employees’ Union v. C.M.C. Vellore Chandra Bhal v. State of U.P., Assn., (1987) 4 SCC 691 n 1198 (1971) 3 SCC 983 n 445 Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. Chandrachun Palaniappa Gounder v. State of K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Assn., n T.N., (1977) 2 SCC 634 n 716, 1044 (2000) 7 SCC 282 965, 1002 CIT v. Ashok Leyland Ltd., (1973) Chandra Kumar Chopra v. Union of India, 3 SCC 201 n 1160 (2012) 6 SCC 369 n 91, 296, 641 CIT v. B.N. Bhattacharjee, (1979) Chandran Ratnaswami v. K.C. Palanisamy, 4 SCC 121 n 408, 631 (2013) 6 SCC 740 n 641 CIT v. Bilahari Investment (P) Ltd., Chandran v. State of T.N., (1978) 4 SCC 90 n 509 (2008) 4 SCC 232 n 73 Chandra Prakash v. State of U.P., CIT v. Daulat Ram Rawatmull, (2002) 4 SCC 234 n 851, 1124 (1973) 3 SCC 133 n 492 Chandra Shashi v. Anil Kumar Verma, CIT v. F.I.C.C.I., (1981) 3 SCC 156 n 111 (1995) 1 SCC 421 n 25 CIT v. J.H.Gotla, (1985) 4 SCC 343 n 562 Chapsibhai Dhanjibhai Danad v. Purushottam, CIT v. Jagannath Jee, (1977) 2 SCC 519 n 1027 (1971) 2 SCC 205 n 10, 330 CIT v. Kamal Behari Lal Singha, Charanjit Lamba v. Army Southern (1971) 3 SCC 540 n 957 n Command, (2010) 11 SCC 314 917 CIT v. Kurji Jinabhai Kotech, Charan Lal Sahu v. Nandkishore Bhatt, (1977) 2 SCC 719 n 693 n (1973) 2 SCC 530 357 CIT v. Pigot Champan & Co., Charan Lal Sahu v. Union of India, (1982) 2 SCC 330 n 323 (1990) 1 SCC 613 n 175, 652, 691 CIT v. R.M. Chidambaram Pillai, Charles K. Skaria v. Dr C. Mathew, (1977) 1 SCC 431 n 444, 1023 (1980) 2 SCC 752 n 237, 349, 963 CIT v. Shantilal (P) Ltd., (1983) 3 SCC 561 n 200 Charles Sobraj v. Supdt., Central Jail, (1978) 4 CIT v. Simon Carves Ltd., (1976) 4 SCC 435 n 1144 SCC 104 n 237, 273, 437, 518, 738, 873, 1043 CIT v. Sir Hukumchand Mannalal & Charu Khurana v. Union of India, (2015) Co., (1970) 2 SCC 352 n 203 1 SCC 192 n 311, 475, 476 CIT v. Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers’ Chawla v. State of Haryana, (1974) 4 SCC 579 n 265 Assn., (1980) 2 SCC 31 n 111, 1164 Chenchu Rami Reddy v. Govt. of A.P., CIT v. Taj Mahal Hotel, (1971) 3 SCC 550 n 560 (1986) 3 SCC 391 n 918 CIT v. Tollygunge Club Ltd., Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply & (1977) 2 SCC 790 n 519 Sewerage Board v. T.T. Murali Babu, CIT v. Travancore Sugar and Chemicals Ltd., (2014) 4 SCC 108 n 177, 288, 771 (1973) 3 SCC 274 n 96, 854, 1160 Chetan Dass v. Kamla Devi, (2001) CIT v. Vatika Township (P) Ltd., 4 SCC 250 n 754, 755 (2015) 1 SCC 1 n 1139 Chettian Veetil Ammad v. Taluk Land Col. B. Ramachandra Rao (Dr) v. State of Board, (1980) 1 SCC 499 n 550 Orissa, (1972) 3 SCC 256 n 494, 495 Chhetriya Pardushan Mukti Sangharsh Samiti Collector of 24 Parganas v. Lalit Mohan v. State of U.P., (1990) 4 SCC 449 n 235 Mullick, (1986) 2 SCC 138 n 963 lxxii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Collector of Customs v. D. Bhoormull, CST v. Oil Mills Maithan, (1972) 3 SCC 861 n 239 (1974) 2 SCC 544 n 702, 820, 1059 CST v. Union Medical Agency, Collector v. D. Narsing Rao, (2015) (1981) 1 SCC 51 n 563 3 SCC 695 n 1005 CTO v. Sri Venkateswara Oil Mills, Collector v. P. Mangamma, (2003) (1974) 3 SCC 5 n 773 4 SCC 488 n 949, 951 CWT v. Arvind Narottam, (1988) 4 SCC 113 n 1141 Common Cause v. Union of India, (2015) CWT v. Mahadeo Jalan, (1973) 3 6 SCC 332 n 568, 571, 1188 SCC 157 n 737, 1058 Common Cause v. Union of India, CWT v. Suresh Seth, (1981) 2 SCC 790 n 717 (2014) 6 SCC 552 n 1125 Common Cause v. Union of India, (1999) 6 SCC 667 n 422, 930 Common Cause v. Union of India, (1996) 6 SCC 530 n 926 D Commr. for Hindu Religious & Charitable D.A.V. College v. State of Punjab, Endowments v. Ratnavarma Heggade, (1971) 2 SCC 269 n 74, 770 n (1977) 1 SCC 525 968 D.C. Saxena (Dr) v. Hon’ble The Chief Justice of Commr. of Expenditure Tax v. P.V.G. Raju, Rajah India, (1996) 5 SCC 216 n 1083, 1084, 1165 n of Vizianagaram, (1976) 1 SCC 241 325 D.C. Wadhwa v. State of Bihar, Commr. of Municipal Corpn., Shimla v. Prem (1987) 1 SCC 378 n 806 Lata Sood, (2007) 11 SCC 40 n 891 D. Hanmanth Rao v. State of A.P., Commr. of Police v. Mehar Singh, 1990 Supp SCC 524 n 488 (2013) 7 SCC 685 n 834 D.K. Basu v. State of W.B., (1997) 1 SCC Commr. of Police v. Sandeep Kumar, 416 n 186, 269, 270, 271, 733, 1152 (2011) 4 SCC 644 n 250, 961 D.K. Soni v. P.K. Mukherjee, Commr. of Police v. Syed Hussain, (1988) 1 SCC 29 n 600 (2006) 3 SCC 173 n 969 D.K. Trivedi & Sons v. State of Gujarat, Competition Commn. of India v. SAIL, 1986 (Supp) SCC 20 n 6, 970 (2010) 10 SCC 744 n 136, 449 D.K. Yadav v. J.M.A. Industries Ltd., Concord of India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Nirmala (1993) 3 SCC 259 n 385, 786 Devi, (1979) 4 SCC 365 n 10, 134, 1003 Concurring in Fertilizer Corpn. Kamgar D.N. Bhattacharjee v. State of W.B., n Union v. Union of India, (1981) 1 (1972) 3 SCC 414 136 SCC 568 n 530, 587, 913, 1017 D. Nataraja Mudaliar v. State Transport n Consumer Education & Research Centre v. Union Authority, (1978) 4 SCC 290 68 of India, (1995) 3 SCC 42 n 637, 674, 729, 1066 D.R. Venkatachalam v. Transport Controller of Estate Duty v. Kantilal Commr., (1977) 2 SCC 273 n 554, Trikamlal, (1976) 4 SCC 643 n 504, 555, 566, 598, 907, 914, 915, 1110 686, 710, 817, 1019, 1020 D.S. Mote v. A.C. Datar, (1974) 2 SCC Controller of Examinations v. G.S. Sunder, 799 n 566, 778, 799, 892, 1161 1993 Supp (3) SCC 82 n 339 D.S. Nakara v. Union of India, (1983) Cotton Corpn. of India Ltd. v. United Industrial 1 SCC 305 n 788, 1063, 1073 Bank Ltd., (1983) 4 SCC 625 n 644 D. Saibaba v. Bar Council of India, Crompton Greaves Ltd. v. Workmen, (2003) 6 SCC 186 n 544 (1978) 3 SCC 155 n 1116 D.T.U. v. B.B.L. Hajelay, (1972) 2 SCC 744 n 372 CRPF v. Surinder Kumar, (2011) 10 SCC 244 n 932 D.V. Bakshi v. Union of India, CSIR v. K.G.S. Bhatt, (1989) 4 SCC 635 n 887 (1993) 3 SCC 663 n 959 CST (Law) v. Advani Oorlikon (P) D. Venkata Reddy v. R. Sultan, Ltd., (1980) 1 SCC 360 n 100 (1976) 2 SCC 455 n 414 CST v. Auriaya Chamber of Commerce, Dabur India Ltd. v. State of U.P., (1986) 3 SCC 50 n 656 (1990) 4 SCC 113 n 484 CST v. Mangal Sen Shyam Lal, Dadh Nathu Rajah v. Angha Nathu (1975) 4 SCC 35 n 566 Jamal, (1969) 3 SCC 813 n 1118 TABLE OF CASES  lxxiii

Dadu v. State of Maharashtra, (2000) DCM v. Shambhu Nath Mukherjee, 8 SCC 437 n 600, 612 (1981) 4 SCC 168 n 289 Dahanu Taluka Environment Protection DCM v. Union of India, (1983) 4 SCC 166 n 1061 Group v. Bombay Suburban Electric Supply DDA v. Skipper Construction Co. (P) Co. Ltd., (1991) 2 SCC 539 n 379 Ltd., (1996) 4 SCC 622 n 1122 Daily Rated Casual Labour v. Union of Debu Ghose v. State of W.B., (1972) India, (1988) 1 SCC 122 n 103 3 SCC 294 n 750, 919 Dalbir Singh v. State of Haryana, Deena v. Union of India, (1983) 4 (2000) 5 SCC 82 n 946 SCC 645 n 279, 512, 516 Dalbir Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) 3 Deepak Aggarwal v. Keshav Kaushik, SCC 745 n 281, 928, 1042, 1047 (2013) 5 SCC 277 n 924 Dalip Singh v. State of U.P., (2010) Deepak Rai v. State of Bihar, (2013) 2 SCC 114 n 453, 776 10 SCC 421 n 669 Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. v. Galaxy Traders Deepak Theatre v. State of Punjab, 1992 & Agencies Ltd., (2001) 6 SCC 463 n 672 Supp (1) SCC 684 n 757, 906 Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. v. Union of Delhi Admn. v. Gurdip Singh Uban, India, (1996) 10 SCC 104 n 1069 (2000) 7 SCC 296 n 129 Damadilal v. Parashram, (1976) 4 Delhi Airtech Services (P) Ltd. v. State of U.P., SCC 855 n 113, 411, 1114 (2011) 9 SCC 354 n 286, 315, 328, 458, 670, Damodar Valley Corpn. v. K.K. Kar, 718, 735, 850, 893, 897, 899, 926, 956, 1109 (1974) 1 SCC 141 n 201 Delhi Jal Board v. National Campaign for Dignity Damyanti Naranga v. Union of India, & Rights of Sewerage & Allied Workers, (1971) 1 SCC 678 n 74 (2011) 8 SCC 568 n 462, 513, 514, 732, 909 Danial Latifi v. Union of India, Delhi Judicial Service Assn. v. State of (2001) 7 SCC 740 n 1065 Gujarat, (1991) 4 SCC 406 n 171, 832 Daniraiji Vrajlalji v. Chandraprabha, Delhi Science Forum v. Union of India, (1975) 1 SCC 612 n 274 (1996) 2 SCC 405 n 243 Dantuluri Ram Raju v. State of A.P., Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking (1972) 1 SCC 421 n 1144 v. State of Haryana, (1996) 2 SCC 572 n 1185 Dara Singh v. Republic of India, (2011) Deo Narain v. State of U.P., (1973) 2 SCC 490 n 964, 1028 1 SCC 347 n 874, 931 Darshan Gupta v. Radhika Gupta, Destruction of Public & Private Properties v. (2013) 9 SCC 1 n 641 State of A.P., (2009) 5 SCC 212 n 1129 Darshan Lal Nagpal v. Govt. (NCT of Devender Pal Singh Bhullar v. State (NCT Delhi), (2012) 2 SCC 327 n 12, 897 of Delhi), (2013) 6 SCC 195 n 1152 Dasa Muni Reddy v. Appa Rao, Devender Pal Singh v. State (NCT of Delhi), (1974) 2 SCC 725 n 1184 (2002) 5 SCC 234 n 861, 888, 898 Dashrath Rupsingh Rathod v. State of Maharashtra, Devendra Bhai Shankar Mehta v. Rameshchandra (2014) 9 SCC 129 n 226, 227, 848 Vithaldas Sheth, (1992) 3 SCC 473 n 46 Dastane v. Dastane, (1975) 2 SCC 326 n 889 Devidas Ramachandra Tuljapurkar v. Dattatraya Govind Mahajan v. State of State of Maharashtra, (2015) 6 SCC Maharashtra, (1977) 2 SCC 548 n 1 n 72, 801, 830, 831, 1080 152, 153, 469, 666, 843, 1068 Devidayal Rolling Mills v. Prakash Chimanlal Dattatreya v. Mahaveer, (2004) 10 SCC 665 n 436 Parikh, (1993) 2 SCC 470 n 741 Daulat Ram Chauhan v. Anand Sharma, Devi Lal v. State of Rajasthan, (1984) 2 SCC 64 n 211 (1971) 3 SCC 471 n 131 Dayal Singh v. State of Uttaranchal, Dev Sharan v. State of U.P., (2011) 4 (2012) 8 SCC 263 n 433 SCC 769 n 149, 894, 925 Dayaram v. Sudhir Batham, (2012) Dhananjay Sharma v. State of Haryana, 1 SCC 333 n 1123, 1128 (1995) 3 SCC 757 n 833 Daya Shankar v. High Court of Dhananjoy Chatterjee v. State of W.B., Allahabad, (1987) 3 SCC 1 n 589 (1994) 2 SCC 220 n 253 lxxiv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Dhani Ram Gupta v. Lala Sri Ram, Dwarka Prasad Singh v. Harikant Prasad (1980) 2 SCC 162 n 224 Singh, (1973) 1 SCC 179 n 1079 Dhanjay Sharma v. State of Haryana, (1995) 3 SCC 757 n 642 Dhanraj Singh Choudhary v. Nathulal Vishwakarma, (2012) 1 SCC 741 n 701, 881 E Dhanwanti v. D.D. Gupta, (1986) 3 SCC 1 n 1064 Dhanyalakshmi Rice Mills v. Commr. of Civil E.M. Sankaran Namboodripad v. T. Narayanan Supplies, (1976) 4 SCC 723 n 201, 751, 772, 1138 Nambiar, (1970) 2 SCC 325 n 33, 188 Dharam Deo Yadav v. State of U.P., E.P. Royappa v. State of T.N., (1974) (2014) 5 SCC 509 n 257 4 SCC 3 n 123, 394, 427 Dharm Das Wadhwani v. State of U.P., E.T. Sunup v. C.A.N.S.S. Employees (1974) 4 SCC 267 n 246 Assn., (2004) 8 SCC 683 n 193 Dharmendra Kirthal v. State of U.P., East Coast Railway v. Mahadev Appa (2013) 8 SCC 368 n 824, 825 Rao, (2010) 7 SCC 678 n 66 Dhartipakar Madan Lal Agarwal v. Rajiv East India Hotels Ltd. v. Syndicate Bank, Gandhi, 1987 Supp SCC 93 n 210, 356 1992 Supp (2) SCC 29 n 652 Dharwad PWD Employees’ Assn. v. State of ECIL v. B. Karunakar, (1993) 4 SCC 727 n 586, 786 Karnataka, (1990) 2 SCC 408 n 652 Ediga Anamma v. State of A.P., (1974) Digya Darshan Rajendra Ram Doss v. 4 SCC 443 n 262, 309, 823 Devendra Doss, (1973) 1 SCC 14 n 274 Election Commission of India v. Ashok Dilbag Singh v. State of Punjab, (1979) Kumar, (2000) 8 SCC 216 n 362 2 SCC 103 n 683, 870, 937 Election Commission of India v. Shivaji, Dilip Kumar Sharma v. State of M.P., (1988) 1 SCC 277 n 302 (1976) 1 SCC 560 n 1044 Election Commission of India v. State of Dilip N. Shroff v. CIT, (2007) 6 Haryana, 1984 Supp SCC 104 n 693 SCC 329 n 542, 878 Elizabeth Jacob v. District Collector, Dipak Babaria v. State of Gujarat, (2008) 15 SCC 166 n 35 (2014) 3 SCC 502 n 309, 760 English Medium Students Parents Assn. v. State Dipak Kumar Mukherjee v. Kolkata Municipal of Karnataka, (1994) 1 SCC 550 n 1146 Corpn., (2013) 5 SCC 336 n 1166 Epuru Sudhakar v. Govt. of A.P., (2006) Directorate General of Doordarshan v. Anand 8 SCC 161 n 421, 611, 1012 Patwardhan, (2006) 8 SCC 433 n 1103 Erusian Equipment & Chemicals v. State Director of Panchayat Raj v. Babu Singh of W.B., (1975) 1 SCC 70 n 91, 201 Gaur, (1972) 1 SCC 227 n 488 Esha Ekta Apartments Coop. Housing Society Distributors (Baroda) (P) Ltd. v. Union Ltd. v. Municipal Corpn. of Mumbai, of India, (1986) 1 SCC 43 n 547 (2013) 5 SCC 357 n 517, 1166 Distt. Collector of Hyderabad v. Ibrahim Esher Singh v. State of A.P., (2004) 11 SCC 585 n 61 and Co., (1970) 1 SCC 386 n 1158 ESI Corpn. v. Francis De Costa, 1993 Diwakar Shrivastava v. State of M.P., Supp (4) SCC 100 n 545, 637 1984 Supp SCC 214 n 788 Everest Coal Co. (P) Ltd. v. State of DMDK v. Election Commission of India, (2012) Bihar, (1978) 1 SCC 12 n 696 7 SCC 340 n 296, 367, 384, 461, 839, 958 Ex-Armymen’s Protection Services (P) Ltd.v. DTC v. DTC Mazdoor Congress, 1991 Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 409 n 784 Supp (1) SCC 600 n 235, 312, 373, 423, Ex-Capt. Harish Uppal v. Union of 546, 561, 576, 676, 744, 844, 923 India, (2003) 2 SCC 45 n 1115 Durai Muthuswami v. N. Nachiappan, Excel Wear v. Union of India, (1973) 2 SCC 45 n 690 (1978) 4 SCC 224 n 1170 Dwarkadas Marfatia & Sons v. Board of Trustees Exen Industries v. Chief Controller of Imports of the Port of Bombay, (1989) 3 SCC 293 n 613 & Exports, (1972) 3 SCC 176 n 503 Dwarka Prasad Agarwal v. B.D. Agarwal, Express Hotels (P) Ltd. v. State of (2003) 6 SCC 230 n 635, 805, 1200 Gujarat, (1989) 3 SCC 677 n 311 TABLE OF CASES  lxxv

Express Newspapers (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, G. Narayanaswami v. G. Pannerselvam, (1986) 1 SCC 133 n 424, 449, 635, 860, 1086 (1972) 3 SCC 717 n 166, 363, 559, 814 Extra-Judicial Execution Victim Families G. Ramegowda v. LAO, (1988) 2 SCC 142 n 486 Assn. (EEVFAM) v. Union of India, G. Sagar Suri v. State of U.P., (2013) 2 SCC 493 n 268 (2000) 2 SCC 636 n 260 G. Sundarrajan v. Union of India, (2013) 6 SCC 620 n 800, 1059 G.V. Rao v. L.H.V. Prasad, (2000) 3 SCC 693 n 758 Gadakh Yashwantrao Kankarrao v. Balasaheb F Vikhe Patil, (1994) 1 SCC 682 n 353, 365, 1015 Fagu Shaw v. State of W.B., (1974) 4 SCC 152 n 814 Gajanan Krishnaji Bapat v. Dattaji Raghobaji Fasih Chaudhary v. D.G., Doordarshan, Meghe, (1995) 5 SCC 347 n 210 (1989) 1 SCC 89 n 437 Gajraj Singh v. State of U.P., Fatehchand Himmatlal v. State of Maharashtra, (2001) 5 SCC 762 n 596 (1977) 2 SCC 670 n 147, 160, 173, Ganesh Trading Co. v. Moji Ram, (1978) 314, 323, 536, 554, 685, 706, 775, 956, 2 SCC 91 n 104, 684, 829 1019, 1068, 1071, 1107, 1156, 1157 Gang-rape Ordered by Village Kangaroo Court FCI v. Kamdhenu Cattle Feed Industries, in W.B., in re, (2014) 4 SCC 786 n 753 (1993) 1 SCC 71 n 67 Gangadhar Behera v. State of Orissa, n Federation of All India Customs & (2002) 8 SCC 381 649, 672, 954 Central Excise Stenographers v. Union Ganga Ram v. Union of India, (1970) n of India, (1988) 3 SCC 91 n 381 1 SCC 377 389, 400 Ganpat Ladha v. Sashikant Vishnu Shinde, Fida Hussain v. Moradabad Development (1978) 2 SCC 573 n 108, 109 Authority, (2011) 12 SCC 615 n 588, 849 Garib Singh v. State of Punjab, Fomento Resorts & Hotels Ltd. v. Minguel (1972) 3 SCC 418 n 890 Martins, (2009) 3 SCC 571 n 929, 930 Gaurav Jain v. Union of India, (1997) Food Corporation of India v. Joginderpal 8 SCC 114 n 116, 673 Mohinderpal, (1989) 2 SCC 347 n 70 Gaurav Kumar Bansal v. Union of India, Forward Construction Co. v. Prabhat Mandal, (2015) 2 SCC 130 n 1187 (1986) 1 SCC 100 n 906, 912, 913, 1017 Gaurav Nagpal v. Sumedha Nagpal, Frances Coralie Mullin v. W.C. Khambra, (2009) 1 SCC 42 n 754 n (1980) 2 SCC 275 824, 1200 Gauri Shanker v. Hindustan Trust (P) Francis Coralie Mullin v. Administrator, Ltd., (1973) 2 SCC 127 n 602 Union Territory of Delhi, (1981) 1 Gaya Prasad v. Pradeep Srivastava, SCC 608 n 308, 730, 731 (2001) 2 SCC 604 n 290 Francis v. State of Kerala, (1975) 3 Gayasi v. State of U.P., (1981) 2 SCC 712 n 250 SCC 825 n 962, 1048 General Electric Co. v. Renusagar Power Co., (1987) 4 SCC 137 n 70, 447 General Labour Union v. B.V. Chavan, (1985) 1 SCC 312 n 746 G George Dominic Varkey v. State of Kerala, (1971) 3 SCC 275 n 874, 1035 G. Appaswami Chettiar v. R Sarangapani Gestetner Duplicators (P) Ltd. v. CIT, Chettiar, (1978) 3 SCC 55 n 1196 (1979) 2 SCC 354 n 1183 G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology Giani Bakshish Singh v. Govt. of India, v. State of U.P., (2000) 7 SCC 109 n 331 (1973) 2 SCC 688 n 867 G.K. Krishnan v. State of T.N., Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India, (1975) 1 SCC 375 n 1138 (1999) 2 SCC 228 n 505, 545 G.N. Khajuria (Dr) v. DDA, (1995) Glanrock Estate (P) Ltd. v. State of T.N., (2010) 5 SCC 762 n 1167 10 SCC 96 n 87, 175, 384, 463, 815, 1011 G.N. Verma v. State of Jharkhand, Gobind Ram v. State of Maharashtra, (2014) 4 SCC 282 n 560 (1972) 1 SCC 740 n 198 lxxvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Gokaraju Rangaraju v. State of A.P., Guruji Shrihari Baliram Jivatode v. (1981) 3 SCC 132 n 277, 577, 596 Vithalrao, (1969) 1 SCC 82 n 305 Gokul v. State of Rajasthan, (1972) 4 SCC 812 n 243 Gurvail Singh v. State of Punjab, Golam Hussain v. Commr. of Police, (2013) 2 SCC 713 n 279 (1974) 4 SCC 530 n 889 GVK Industries Ltd. v. ITO, (2011) 4 SCC 36 n 144, Gonal Bihimappa v. State of Karnataka, 145, 160, 167, 184, 230, 297, 298, 737, 1050, 1076 1987 Supp SCC 207 n 741, 926 Gwalior Rayon Silk Mfg. (Wvg.) Co. Ltd. v. CST, Goodwill Girls High School v. J. Mary (1974) 4 SCC 98 n 1, 427, 664, 711, 712 Susheela, (2003) 9 SCC 106 n 770 Gopalsingh v. State of M.P., (1972) 3 SCC 268 n 329 Gottipulla Venkatasiva Subbrayanam v. State of A.P., (1970) 1 SCC 235, page 17 n 875 H Govind Prasad Chaturvedi v. Hari Dutt Shashtri, (1977) 2 SCC 539 n 1154 H.G. Rangangoud v. State Trading Corpn. of Govt. of A.P. v. A.P. Jaiswal, (2001) 1 SCC 748 n 141 India Ltd., (2012) 1 SCC 297 n 1007 Govt. of A.P. v. G. Jaya Prasad Rao, H.P. Admn. v. Om Prakash, (1972) (2007) 11 SCC 528 n 384 1 SCC 249 n 90, 413 Govt. of A.P. v. P. Laxmi Devi, (2008) H.P. Scheduled Tribes Employees Federation 4 SCC 720 n 122, 170 v. H.P. Samanaya Varg Karamchari Kalayan Gramophone Co. of India Ltd. v. B.B. Mahasangh, (2013) 10 SCC 308 n 697 Pandey, (1984) 2 SCC 534 n 236 H.P. Thakore v. State of Gujarat, (1976) Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority 4 SCC 640 n 568, 624, 633, 780 v. Devendra Kumar, (2011) 12 SCC 375 n 13 Haji Usmanbhai H. Qureshi v. State of Gridco Ltd. v. Sadananda Doloi, Gujarat, (1986) 3 SCC 12 n 83 (2011) 15 SCC 16 n 204 Hans Raj Bagrecha v. State of Bihar, Gudikanti Narasimhulu v. Public Prosecutor, (1971) 1 SCC 59 n 713, 1140 High Court of A.P., (1978) 1 SCC 240 Haradhan Saha v. State of W.B., n 7, 81, 82, 261, 721, 826, 836, 948 (1975) 3 SCC 198 n 866 Gujarat Water Supply and Sewerage Harbhajan Singh v. Press Council of Board v. Unique Erectors (Gujarat) (P) India, (2002) 4 SCC 722 n 709 Ltd., (1989) 1 SCC 532 n 951 Harcharan Singh v. Shivrani, Gulab Mehra v. State of U.P., (1981) 2 SCC 535 n 739 (1987) 4 SCC 302 n 928 Hardeep Singh v. State of Punjab, (2014) Gulf Goans Hotels Co. Ltd. v. Union of 3 SCC 92 n 227, 540, 541 India, (2014) 10 SCC 673 n 668, 691 Hardev Motor Transport v. State of Gunwantlal v. State of M.P., (1972) M.P., (2006) 8 SCC 613 n 1136 2 SCC 194 n 840 Hargovind Pant v. Dr Raghukul Tilak, Gurbax Singh v. Financial Commissioner, (1979) 3 SCC 458 n 1171, 1172 1991 Supp (1) SCC 167 n 652 Haricharan v. State of M.P., (2011) Gurcharan Singh v. State (Delhi 4 SCC 159 n 269, 1125 Admn.), (1978) 1 SCC 118 n 82 Haridas Das v. Usha Rani Banik, (2007) Gurdeep Singh v. State of J&K, 1995 14 SCC 1 n 190, 628, 725 Supp (1) SCC 188 n 605 Haridas Exports v. All India Float Glass Gurdev Kaur v. Kaki, (2007) 1 SCC 546 n 582 Manufacturers’ Assn., (2002) 6 SCC 600 n 136 Gurdial Singh Fijji v. State of Punjab, Harihar Prasad Singh v. Balmiki Prasad (1979) 2 SCC 368 n 537 Singh, (1975) 1 SCC 212 n 411 Gurdit Singh v. Munsha Singh, (1977) Harijai Singh, In re, (1996) 6 SCC 466 n 797, 857 1 SCC 791 n 104, 1119 Harinder Singh v. CIT, (1972) 4 SCC 509 n 431, 518 Gurmukh Singh v. Amar Singh, Hari Ram v. State of Haryana, (1991) 3 SCC 79 n 923 (2010) 3 SCC 621 n 403 Gurnaib Singh v. State of Punjab, (2013) Harishankar Rastogi v. Girdhari Sharma, 7 SCC 108 n 94, 247, 259 (1978) 2 SCC 165 n 46, 702 TABLE OF CASES  lxxvii

Hari Shanker Jain v. Sonia Gandhi, Hukam Chand v. Union of India, (2001) 8 SCC 233 n 410 (1972) 2 SCC 601 n 707, 1118 Harish Uppal (Ex-Capt.) v. Union of Hukam Singh v. State of Rajasthan, India, (2003) 2 SCC 45 n 231 (2000) 7 SCC 490 n 241 Hari Singh Nagra v. Kapil Sibal, Hukam Singh v. State of Rajasthan, (2010) 7 SCC 502 n 23 (1977) 2 SCC 99 n 119 Hari Singh v. Military Estate Officer, Humanity v. State of W.B., (2011) (1972) 2 SCC 239 n 991 6 SCC 125 n 92, 1110 Harpal Singh v. Devinder Singh, Hussainara Khatoon (I) v. Home Secy., State of (1997) 6 SCC 660 n 839 Bihar, (1980) 1 SCC 81 n 825, 1093, 1168, 1169 Harpreet Kaur v. State of Maharashtra, Hussainara Khatoon (V) v. Home Secy., State (1992) 2 SCC 177 n 410, 676, 919 of Bihar, (1980) 1 SCC 108 n 697 Har Shankar v. Excise & Taxation Hussainbhai v. Alath Factory Thezhilali Commr., (1975) 1 SCC 737 n 201 Union, (1978) 4 SCC 257 n 646 Haryana Dairy Development Coop. Federation Ltd. v. Jagdish Lal, (2014) 3 SCC 156 n 454 Haryana Financial Corpn. v. Jagdamba Oil Mills, (2002) 3 SCC 496 n 118 I Hazara Singh v. Raj Kumar, (2013) 9 SCC 516 n 258 Heckett Engineering Co. v. Workmen, I.G. (Karmik) v. Prahalad Mani Tripathi, n (1977) 4 SCC 377 n 565 (2007) 6 SCC 162 62 I.J. Rao, Asstt. Collector of Customs v. Bibhuti Herbertsons Ltd. v. Workmen, (1976) Bhushan Bagh, (1989) 3 SCC 202 n 799 4 SCC 736 n 663, 1056 I.N. Saksena v. State of M.P., (1976) High Court of Gujarat v. Jayshree Chamanlal 4 SCC 750 n 244, 712, 815 Buddhbhatti, (2013) 16 SCC 59 n 228, 579, 1192 I.R. Coelho v. State of T.N., (2007) 2 SCC 1 n High Court of Judicature of Madras v. R. 51, 87, 174, 465, 466, 474, 542, 628, 1125 Perachi, (2011) 12 SCC 137 n 22, 372 I.T.C. Ltd. v. State of Karnataka, Himatlal Jamnadas Dani, (1972) 1 SCC 388 n 1148 1985 Supp SCC 476 n 586 Himat Lal K. Shah v. Commr. of Police, ICAI v. Shaunak H. Satya, (2011) 8 n 73, 915 (1973) 1 SCC 227 SCC 781 n 297, 996, 1162 Himmat Sukhadeo Wahurwagh v. State of Idul Hasan v. Rajindra Kumar Jain, n Maharashtra, (2009) 6 SCC 712 260 (1989) 4 SCC 550 n 999 Hindustan Hosiery Industries v. F.H. Ila Vipin Pandya (2) v. Smita Ambalal Lala, (1974) 4 SCC 316 n 1184 Patel, (2007) 6 SCC 750 n 417 Hinsa Virodhak Sangh v. Mirzapur Moti Kuresh Illachi Devi v. Jain Society, (2003) 8 SCC 413 n 544 Jamat, (2008) 5 SCC 33 n 172, 783 Imtiyaz Ahmad v. State of U.P., Hirachand Srinivas Managaonkar v. (2012) 2 SCC 688 n 289 Sunanda, (2001) 4 SCC 125 n 324 Inderjeet v. State of U.P., (1979) 4 SCC 246 n 1042 Hiralal Mallick v. State of Bihar, Inderjit Singh Grewal v. State of Punjab, (1977) 4 SCC 44 n 685, 963 (2011) 12 SCC 588 n 140 Hiralal Rattanlal v. State of U.P., (1973) Inderpreet Singh Kahlon v. State of Punjab, 1 SCC 216 n 293, 690, 713, 1139 (2006) 11 SCC 356 n 24, 62 Hiraman v. State of Maharashtra, Inder Sain v. State of Punjab, (2013) 12 SCC 586 n 94 (1973) 2 SCC 372 n 558 Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Ltd. v. State Inder Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1978) 4 of Bihar, (1983) 4 SCC 45 n 1 SCC 161 n 252, 264, 889, 936, 1179 Hombe Gowda Educational Trust v. State of Inder Singh v. State of Punjab, Karnataka, (2006) 1 SCC 430 n 320, 1132 (1995) 3 SCC 702 n 836 HPA International v. Bhagwandas Fateh Chand India Cement Ltd. v. State of T.N., Daswani, (2004) 6 SCC 537 n 289 (1990) 1 SCC 12 n 146 Hukam Chand v. Union of India, Indian Airlines Corpn. v. Sukhdeo 1988 Supp SCC 464 n 487 Rai, (1971) 2 SCC 192 n 204 lxxviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Indian Aluminium Co. v. CIT, Iqbal Moosa Patel v. State of Gujarat, (1972) 2 SCC 150 n 994 (2011) 2 SCC 198 n 954 Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action Ishar Das v. State of Punjab, (1973) 2 SCC 65 n 954 v. Union of India, (2011) 8 SCC 161 n Ishwar Chand Jain v. High Court of Punjab 229, 581, 647, 740, 1009, 1097, 1174 and Haryana, (1988) 3 SCC 370 n 623 Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Ishwar Chandra v. Satyanarain Sinha, Union of India, (1996) 5 SCC 281 n 692 (1972) 3 SCC 383 n 941 Indian Council of Legal Aid & Advice v. Bar Islamic Academy of Education v. State of Karnataka, Council of India, (1995) 1 SCC 732 n 84 (2003) 6 SCC 697 n 338, 391, 403, 948 Indian Express Newspapers (Bombay) (P) Ltd. v. ITO v. Ramnarayan Bhojnagarwala, Employees’ Union, (1978) 2 SCC 188 n 533, 858 (1976) 1 SCC 814 n 687 Indian Express Newspapers v. Union of India, Iyer Lingala Vijay Kumar v. Public (1985) 1 SCC 641 n 857, 860, 1087 Prosecutor, (1978) 4 SCC 196 n 594 Indian Institute of Technology v. Raja Ram Verma, (2010) 14 SCC 86 n 1146 Indian Railway Construction Co. Ltd. v. Ajay Kumar, (2003) 4 SCC 579 n 78, 371, 372, 1172 J India Tobacco Co. Ltd. v. CTO, (1975) 3 SCC 512 n 972 J. Jayalalithaa v. State of Karnataka, Indira Bai v. Nand Kishore, (1990) 4 SCC 668 n 407 (2014) 2 SCC 401 n 480 Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, J. Jayalalitha v. Union of India, (1975) 2 SCC 159 n 605, 633 (1999) 5 SCC 138 n 218 Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, 1975 Supp SCC J.K. Prasad v. State of Bihar, (1972) 2 SCC 633 n 265 1 n 142, 148, 151, 169, 174, 181, 304, 366, 387, J.K. Synthetics Ltd. v. J.K.S. Mazdoor 426, 585, 633, 634, 688, 689, 703, 1021, 1054 Union, (1971) 3 SCC 509 n 1198 Indirect Tax Practitioners’ Assn. v. R.K. Jain, (2010) J. Mohapatra & Co. v. State of Orissa, 8 SCC 281 n 188, 198, 1082, 1188, 1189 (1984) 4 SCC 103 n 643 Indore Vikas Pradhikaran v. Pure Industrial Coke J.S. Jadhav v. Mustafa Haji Mohamed & Chemicals Ltd., (2007) 8 SCC 705 n 895 Yusuf, (1993) 2 SCC 562 n 41 Indra Kaur v. Sheo Lal Kapoor, (1988) J. Vasudevan v. T.R. Dhananjaya, 2 SCC 488 n 324, 573 (1995) 6 SCC 249 n 187, 193 Indra Sarma v. V.K.V. Sarma, (2013) Jacob M. Puthuparambil v. Kerala Water 15 SCC 755 n 743, 753 Authority, (1991) 1 SCC 28 n 374 Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, 1992 Supp Jacob Mathew v. State of Punjab, (3) SCC 217 n 49, 100, 142, 152, 157, 165, (2005) 6 SCC 1 n 762 224, 268, 350, 373, 385, 386, 398, 405, 518, Jagan Nath v. Chander Bhan, (1988) 3 SCC 57 n 11 576, 586, 590, 984, 1001, 1034, 1053 Jagdish Chander v. State of Delhi, Indravadan H. Shah v. State of Gujarat, (1973) 2 SCC 203 n 690 1986 (Supp) SCC 254 n 394 Jagdish Chand Radhey Shyam v. State of Indu Bhushan Bose v. Rama Sundari Punjab, (1973) 3 SCC 428 n 487 Debi, (1969) 2 SCC 289 n 429 Jagdish Saran (Dr) v. Union of India, Indu Engg. & Textiles Ltd. v. DDA, (1980) 2 SCC 768 n 682 (2001) 5 SCC 691 n 71 Jagdish v. State of M.P., (2009) 9 In re, Reference under Art. 317(1) of the SCC 495 n 809, 871, 872 Constitution of India, (1990) 4 SCC 262 n 918 Jage Ram v. State of Haryana, Inspector General of Police v. S. Samuthiram, (1971) 1 SCC 671 n 351 (2013) 1 SCC 598 n 409, 1057 Jaghnath v. Union of India, 1992 Instalment Supply Ltd. v. STO, Supp (2) SCC 105 n 401 (1974) 4 SCC 739 n 507 Jagir Singh v. State of Bihar, (1976) 2 SCC 942 n 556 International Airport Authority of India v. Jagmohan Singh v. State of U.P., (1973) K.D. Bali, (1988) 2 SCC 361 n 26, 91 1 SCC 20 n 99, 253, 328, 1045 International Woollen Mills v. Standard Wool Jagpal Singh v. State of Punjab, (U.K.) Ltd., (2001) 5 SCC 265 n 888 (2011) 11 SCC 396 n 13 TABLE OF CASES  lxxix

Jai Kumar v. State of M.P., (1999) Joginder Kumar v. State of U.P., 5 SCC 1 n 655, 934 (1994) 4 SCC 260 n 72, 760 Jainarain Singh v. State of M.P., Joseph Peter v. State of Goa, Daman and (1973) 2 SCC 589 n 119 Diu, (1977) 3 SCC 280 n 97 Jain Bros. v. Union of India, (1969) 3 SCC 311 n 775 Joti Parshad v. State of Haryana, 1993 Jaipal v. State of Haryana, (1988) Supp (2) SCC 497 n 661 3 SCC 354 n 312, 380 Jt. CTO v. Young Men’s India Assn., Jai Prakash v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1970) 1 SCC 462 n 1024 (1991) 2 SCC 32 n 538 Jugal Kishore Patnaik v. Ratnakar Jaipur Development Authority v. Daulat Mohanty, (1977) 1 SCC 567 n 355 Mal Jain, (1997) 1 SCC 35 n 6, 220 Jugendra Singh v. State of U.P., Jaipur Mineral Development Syndicate (2012) 6 SCC 297 n 943 v. CIT, (1977) 1 SCC 508 n 243 Jai Shanker v. State of H.P., (1973) 3 SCC 83 n 1176 Jai Singh v. MCD, (2010) 9 SCC 385 n 421 Jalaja Shedthi v. Lakshmi Shedthi, K (1973) 2 SCC 773 n 573 Jamal Uddin Ahmad v. Abu Saleh K.A. Abbas v. Union of India, (1970) Najmuddin, (2003) 3 SCC 257 n 221 2 SCC 780 n 107, 854 James Martin v. State of Kerala, K. Anbazhagan v. State of Karnataka, (2004) 2 SCC 203 n 1115 (2015) 6 SCC 86 n 42 Jammu University v. Dushiant Kumar K. Anbazhagan v. State of Karnataka, Rampa, (1977) 2 SCC 616 n 1133 (2015) 6 SCC 158 n 225, 578 Jamshed Hormusji Wadia v. Board of Trustees, K.C. Sareen v. CBI, (2001) 6 SCC 584 n 217, 922 Port of Mumbai, (2004) 3 SCC 214 n 1124 K.C. Vasanth Kumar v. State of Karnataka, Janata Dal v. H.S. Chowdhary, 1985 Supp SCC 714 n 101, 386, (1992) 4 SCC 305 n 912 390, 395, 405, 843, 984, 985 Janki Prasad Parimoo v. State of J&K, K. Gopal Reddy v. State of A.P., (1973) 1 SCC 420 n 987 (1979) 1 SCC 355 n 29 Jaqvid Rasool Bhat v. State of J&K, K. Guruprasad Rao v. State of Karnataka, (1984) 2 SCC 631 n 236 (2013) 8 SCC 418 n 57, 310, 765 Jaswant Kaur v. Amrit Kaur, (1977) K.H. Shekarappa v. State of Karnataka, 1 SCC 369 n 94, 1191 (2009) 17 SCC 1 n 269 Jaswant Singh v. Union of India, (1979) K.I. Pavunny v. Collector (HQ), Central Excise 4 SCC 440 n 395, 407, 488 Collectorate, (1997) 3 SCC 721 n 950 Jaswant Singh v. Virender Singh, 1995 K. John Koshy v. Dr Tarakeshwar Prasad Supp (1) SCC 384 n 197 Shaw, (1998) 8 SCC 624 n 233 Jatya Pal Singh v. Union of India, K.K. Baskaran v. State, (2011) 3 SCC 793 n 1102 (2013) 6 SCC 452 n 1148 K. Kalpana Saraswathi v. Somasundaram Javed v. State of Haryana, (2003) Chettiar, (1980) 1 SCC 630 n 1078 8 SCC 369 n 415, 956 K. Karunakaran v. State of Kerala, Jayaram Mudaliar v. Ayyaswami, (2000) 3 SCC 761 n 218 (1972) 2 SCC 200 n 739 K.L. Tripathi v. State Bank of India, Jayawant Dattatraya Suryarao v. State of (1984) 1 SCC 43 n 788 Maharashtra, (2001) 10 SCC 109 n 992 K.M. Abdulla Kunhi v. Union of India, Jaydayal Poddar v. Bibi Hazra, (1974) 1 SCC 3 n 95 (1991) 1 SCC 476 n 224 Jeewanlal Ltd. v. Appellate Authority, K.M. Sholke v. State of Maharashtra, (1984) 4 SCC 356 n 548 (1973) 2 SCC 449 n 120 Jilubhai Nanbhai Khachar v. State of Gujarat, K. Murugan v. Fencing Assn. of India, 1995 Supp (1) SCC 596 n 474 (1991) 2 SCC 412 n 1096 Jit Ram Shiv Kumar v. State of Haryana, K.P. Manu v. Scrutiny Committee for Verification of (1981) 1 SCC 11 n 1022 Community Certificate, (2015) 4 SCC 1 n 205 lxxx  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

K.P. Tiwari v. State of M.P., 1994 Kanwar Lal Gupta v. Amar Nath Chawla, Supp (1) SCC 540 n 620 (1975) 3 SCC 646 n 304, 356 K.P. Varghese v. ITO, (1981) 4 SCC 173 n 549, 562 Karnal Improvement Trust v. Parkash K. Prabhakaran v. P. Jayarajan, Wanti, (1995) 5 SCC 159 n 620 (2005) 1 SCC 754 n 355 Karnataka Housing Board v. C. Muddaiah, K. Ramadas Shenoy v. Town Municipal (2007) 7 SCC 689 n 1011 Council, (1974) 2 SCC 506 n 1114, 1155 Karnataka Public Service Commission v. B.M. K.S. Dharmadatan v. Central Govt., (1979) Vijaya Shankar, (1992) 2 SCC 206 n 786, 787 4 SCC 204 n 442, 500, 1014 Karnataka SRTC v. M.G. Vittal Rao, K.S. Jayasree v. State of Kerala, (2012) 1 SCC 442 n 93, 771 (1976) 3 SCC 730 n 1060 Karnataka State Private College Stop-Gap Lecturers K.S. Sundararaju Chettiar v. M.R. Ramachandra Assn. v. State of Karnataka, (1992) 2 SCC 29 n 16 Naidu, (1994) 5 SCC 14 n 970 Karnel Singh v. State of M.P., K.T. Plantation (P) Ltd. v. State of Karnataka, (1995) 5 SCC 518 n 570 (2011) 9 SCC 1 n 447, 894, 897, 1008 Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, (1994) 3 SCC K.V. Narayanan v. K.V. Ranganandhan, 569 n 234, 250, 270, 450, 451, 467, 515, (1977) 1 SCC 244 n 817 525, 530, 576, 624, 656, 674, 675, 719, K. Vijaya Lakshmi v. State of A.P., 720, 723, 730, 974, 988, 1015, 1153 (2013) 5 SCC 489 n 47, 295 Kasambhai Abdulrehmanbhai Sheikh v. State Kadra Pahadiya v. State of Bihar, (1981) of Gujarat, (1980) 3 SCC 120 n 29, 37 3 SCC 671 n 27, 173, 1093 Kashmira Singh v. State of Punjab, Kailash Chand v. Dharam Dass, (1977) 4 SCC 291 n 646, 1169 (2005) 5 SCC 375 n 671 Kasturi Lal Lakshmi Reddy v. State of J&K, Kailash Sonkar v. Maya Devi, (1984) 2 SCC 91 n 78 (1980) 4 SCC 1 n 6, 314, 907, 1111 Kailas v. State of Maharashtra, (2011) Katikara Chintamani Dora v. Guntreddi 1 SCC 793 n 514, 536, 1029 Annamanaidu, (1974) 1 SCC 567 n 388 Kalabharati Advertising v. Hemant Vimalnath Kayjay Industries v. Asnew Drums, Narichania, (2010) 9 SCC 437 n 456, 699, 1198 (1974) 2 SCC 213 n 1023 Kali Ram v. State of H.P., (1973) Kazia Mohammed Muzzammil v. State of 2 SCC 808 n 771, 862 Karnataka, (2010) 8 SCC 155 n 627, 741 Kallakkurichi Taluk Retired Officials Assn. v. Kehar Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), State of T.N., (2013) 2 SCC 772 n 383 (1988) 3 SCC 609 n 659 Kalyan Chandra Sarkar v. Rajesh Ranjan, Kehar Singh v. Union of India, (2005) 3 SCC 284 n 1161 (1989) 1 SCC 204 n 733 Kamesh Panjiyar v. State of Bihar, (2005) 2 Kerala Hotel & Restaurant Assn. v. State SCC 388: 2005 SCC (Cri) 511 n 754 of Kerala, (1990) 2 SCC 502 n 393 Kamini Kumar Das Choudhury v. State Kerala SEB v. Indian Aluminium Co. Ltd., of W.B., (1972) 2 SCC 420 n 290 (1976) 1 SCC 466 n 293, 828, 1118 Kamlapati Trivedi v. State of W.B., Kerala SEB v. Kurien E. Kalathil, (1980) 2 SCC 91 n 19, 1164 (2000) 6 SCC 293 n 422 Kanaka Rekha Naik v. Manoj Kumar Kerala Solvent Extractions Ltd. v. A. Pradhan, (2011) 4 SCC 596 n 403 Unnikrishnan, (2006) 13 SCC 619 n 957 Kanhaiyalal v. Mannalal, (1976) 3 SCC 646 n 362 Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) Kannan v. V.S. Pandurangam, 4 SCC 225 n 8, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 148, 149, (2007) 15 SCC 157 n 628 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 161, 166, Kanta Kathuria v. Manak Chand Surana, 168, 169, 170, 171, 175, 305, 388, 428, 471, (1969) 3 SCC 268 n 714 472, 473, 614, 615, 689, 690, 710, 711, 712, Kanti Lal Bose v. State of W.B., 722, 792, 793, 795, 811, 812, 813, 815, 845, (1972) 2 SCC 529 n 973 846, 847, 896, 1032, 1089, 1105, 1106 Kanu Biswas v. State of W.B., Keshav Chandra Joshi v. Union of India, (1972) 3 SCC 831 n 919 1992 Supp (1) SCC 272 n 301 Kanu Sanyal v. Distt. Magistrate, Keshav Ram Pal v. U.P.H.E.S.C., (1973) 2 SCC 674 n 494 (1986) 1 SCC 671 n 414 TABLE OF CASES  lxxxi

Keshoram Bora v. State of Assam, Kuldip Nayar v. Union of India, (2006) (1978) 2 SCC 407 n 139 7 SCC 1 n 367, 942, 1027 Kewal Chand Mimani v. S.K. Sen, (2001) Kulwant Kaur v. Gurdial Singh Mann, 6 SCC 512 n 232, 233, 650, 651 (2001) 4 SCC 262 n 1147 Kewal Krishan Puri v. State of Punjab, Kulwant Singh v. State of Punjab, (1980) 1 SCC 416 n 440 (2013) 4 SCC 177 n 1178 Kewal Singh v. Lajwanti, (1980) Kumar Padma Prasad v. Union of 1 SCC 290 n 402, 977 India, (1992) 2 SCC 428 n 63 Khanapuram Gandaiah v. Administrative Kundula Bala Subrahmanyam v. State of Officer, (2010) 2 SCC n1 24 A.P., (1993) 2 SCC 684 n 327, 1112 Khatoon Begum v. Union of India, Kunwar Nripendra Bahadur Singh v. Jai (1981) 2 SCC 480 n 308 Ram Verma, (1977) 4 SCC 153 n 356 Khemka & Co. v. State of Maharashtra, Kunwar Shri Vir Rajendra Singh v. Union (1975) 2 SCC 22 n 820 of India, (1969) 3 SCC 150 n 959 Kihota Hollohan v. Zachillhu, 1992 Supp Kurukshetra University v. State of (2) SCC 651 n 59, 169, 676, 837 Haryana, (1977) 4 SCC 451 n 425 Kirit Kumar Chaman Lal Kundaliya v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 436 n 977 Kisan Trimbak Kothula v. State of Maharashtra, (1977) 1 SCC 300 n 446, 804 L Kishore Chand v. State of H.P., (1991) 1 SCC 286 n 288, 570 L. Debi Prasad v. Tribeni Devi, Kishore Samrite v. State of U.P., (1970) 1 SCC 677 n 510 (2013) 2 SCC 398 n 419, 588 L.M.S. Ummu Saleema v. B.B. Gujaral, Kishorilal Hans v. Raja Ram Singh, (1981) 3 SCC 317 n 680 (1972) 3 SCC 1 n 79 Lachhamadevi v. State of Rajasthan, Kishori v. State of Delhi, (1999) 1 SCC 148 n 159 (1988) 4 SCC 456 n 601 Kokkanda B. Poondacha v. K.D. Ganapathi, Lachhman Dass v. Jagat Ram, (2011) 12 SCC 600 n 43 (2007) 10 SCC 448 n 894 Kollam Chandra Sekhar v. Kollam Padma Lafarge Umiam Mining (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, Latha, (2014) 1 SCC 225 n 753 (2011) 7 SCC 338 n 377, 898, 922, 1137 Konkan Trading Co. v. Suresh Govind Kamat Lakshmi Charan Sen v. A.K.M. Hassan Tarkar., (1986) 2 SCC 424 n 657 Uzzaman, (1985) 4 SCC 689 n 157 Krishan Chander v. Ram Lal, Lakshmi Kant Pandey v. Union of (1973) 2 SCC 759 n 354 India, (1984) 2 SCC 244 n 117 Krishan Lal Gera v. State of Haryana, (2011) Lala Mata Din v. A. Narayanan, 10 SCC 529 n 796, 1094, 1095 (1969) 2 SCC 770 n 773 Krishan Lal v. State of Haryana, Lala Ram v. Union of India, (2015) (1980) 3 SCC 159 n 224 5 SCC 813 n 1186 Krishnabai v. Appasaheb Nimbalkar, Lalit Kishore Chaturvedi v. Jagdish Prasad (1979) 4 SCC 60 n 505 Thada, 1990 Supp SCC 248 n 301 Krishna Mochi v. State of Bihar, Lalji v. State of U.P., (1989) 1 SCC 437 n 18 (2002) 6 SCC 81 n 231, 317 Lallubhai Devchand Shah v. State of Krishna Mohan (P) Ltd. v. MCD, Gujarat, (1971) 3 SCC 767 n 329 (2003) 7 SCC 151 n 704 Lalu Prasad v. State of Jharkhand, Krishnamoorthy v. Sivakumar, (2015) 3 SCC 467 (2013) 8 SCC 593 n 521 n 213, 250, 264, 294, 354, 364, 440, 668, 1180 Lanka Venkateswarlu v. State of A.P., Krishnanand v. State of M.P., (2011) 4 SCC 363 n 318, 581, 592 (1977) 1 SCC 816 n 410 Larsen and Toubro Ltd. v. Union of Krishna Swami v. Union of India, (1992) 4 India, (2011) 5 SCC 430 n 1009 SCC 605 n 223, 526, 576, 621, 911 Lata Singh v. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 475 n 509 Kubic Darsuz v. Union of India, LDA v. M.K. Gupta, (1994) 1 (1990) 1 SCC 568 n 862 SCC 243 n 33, 185, 498 lxxxii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Lekha Yadav v. State of Bihar, M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Shriram - (1973) 2 SCC 424 n 503 Oleum Gas), (1987) 1 SCC 395 n 678 LIC of India v. R. Dhandapani, M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (2006) 13 SCC 613 n 534 (1991) 2 SCC 353 n 379 LIC v. Consumer Education & Research Centre, M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (1995) 5 SCC 482 n 612, 905, 915, 1071 (1992) 1 SCC 358 n 676 LIC v. Escorts Ltd., (1986) 1 SCC M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, 264 n 446, 562, 657 (2001) 4 SCC 577 n 911 LIC v. Manubhai D. Shah, (1992) 3 SCC 637 n 1086 M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (2006) 3 LIC v. R. Suresh, (2008) 11 SCC 319 n 998 SCC 399 n 692, 773, 1013, 1127 Lila Dhar v. State of Rajasthan, M.C. Mehta v. Union of India, (1981) 4 SCC 159 n 1035 (2007) 1 SCC 110 n 910 Lila Gupta v. Laxmi Narain, (1978) M.C. Mehta v. Union of India., 3 SCC 258 n 563, 755 (1986) 2 SCC 176 n 498 Lily Thomas v. Union of India, M.C. Verghese v. T.J. Poonan, (2013) 7 SCC 653 n 419 (1969) 1 SCC 37 n 756 Lily Thomas v. Union of India, (2000) 6 SCC M. Gurumoorthy v. Accountant General, Assam n 224 561, 651, 655, 755, 781, 965 (Nagaland), (1971) 2 SCC 137 n 114, 713 Lingala Vijay Kumar v. Public Prosecutor, M.H. Hoskot v. State of Maharashtra, (1978) n (1978) 4 SCC 196 684, 936, 937, 963 3 SCC 544 n 60, 697, 1043, 1062 Lingappa Pochanna Appelwar v. State of M.I. Builders (P) Ltd. v. Radhey Shyam Maharashtra, (1985) 1 SCC 479 n 312, 324, 679 Sahu, (1999) 6 SCC 464 n 601 Liverpool & London S.P. & I Assn. Ltd. v. M.V. M.K. Abraham & Co. v. State of Kerala, Sea Success I, (2004) 9 SCC 512 n 543 (2009) 7 SCC 636 n 199 Lohia Machines Ltd. v. Union of India, M.K. Balakrishnan Menon v. CED-cum- (1985) 2 SCC 197 n 562 ITO, (1971) 2 SCC 909 n 757 Lokayukta, Justice Ripusudan Dayal v. State of M. Karunanidhi v. Union of India, M.P., (2014) 4 SCC 473 n 669, 876, 1006 (1979) 3 SCC 431 n 1113 Loknath Padhan v. Birendra Kumar M.L. Sachdev v. Union of India, Sahu, (1974) 1 SCC 526 n 354 (1991) 1 SCC 605 n 1015 Lok Shikshana Trust v. CIT, n (1976) 1 SCC 254 n 112 M.M. Khan v. S.A. Khan, (1971) 3 SCC 810 775 Lt. Governor, NCT v. Ved Prakash, M.M.T.C. Ltd. v. Medchl Chemicals and (2006) 5 SCC 228 n 230 Pharma (P) Ltd., (2002) 1 SCC 234 n 242 M. Manohar Reddy v. Union of India, (2013) 3 SCC 99 n 521 M. Nagabhushana v. State of Karnataka, (2011) 3 SCC 408 n 741 M M. Nagaraj v. Union of India, (2006) 8 M.A. Murthy v. State of Karnataka, SCC 212 n 88, 158, 179, 404, 466, (2003) 7 SCC 517 n 851 511, 542, 764, 901, 982, 999, 1012 M.A. Rasheed v. State of Kerala, M. Narayana Rao v. G. Venkata Reddy, (1977) (1974) 2 SCC 687 n 953, 956 1 SCC 771 n 211, 212, 357, 1127, 1130 M. Abbas v. State of Kerala, (2001) M.P. Oil Extraction v. State of M.P., 10 SCC 103 n 861 (1997) 7 SCC 592 n 612 M.C. Chockalingam v. V. Manickavasagam, M.P. Ration Vikreta Sangh Society v. State (1974) 1 SCC 48 n 689, 694 of M.P., (1981) 4 SCC 535 n 395 M.C. Mehta (II) v. Union of India, M.R. Mini v. State of Kerala, (1980) (1988) 1 SCC 471 n 783 2 SCC 216 n 244, 342, 623 M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath, (1997) M.R. Parashar v. Farooq Abdullah, 1 SCC 388 n 378, 794 (1984) 2 SCC 343 n 643, 839 M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (Kanpur Tanneries M. Ramanatha Pillai v. State of Kerala, - 22-9-87), (1987) 4 SCC 463 n 1185 (1973) 2 SCC 650 n 841, 842 TABLE OF CASES  lxxxiii

M.S. Grewal v. Deep Chand Sood, Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd. v. Mathias (2001) 8 SCC 151 n 232 Oram, (2010) 11 SCC 269 n 23 M.S. Nally Bharat Engineering Co. Ltd. v. Mahant Dharam Das v. State of Punjab, State of Bihar, (1990) 2 SCC 48 n 436 (1975) 1 SCC 343 n 1000 M.V. Al Quamar v. Tsavliris Salvage (International) Maharaja Chintamani Saran Nath Sah Deo Ltd., (2000) 8 SCC 278 n 240 v. CIT, (1971) 2 SCC 521 n 1023 M.V. Elisabeth v. Harwan Investment & Trading Maharaj Singh v. State of U.P., (1977) 1 Pvt. Ltd., 1993 Supp (2) SCC 433 n 605, 698, 705 SCC 155 n 49, 747, 823, 878, 969 M.V. Jayarajan v. High Court of Kerala, Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and (2015) 4 SCC 81 n 266, 1081 Higher Secondary Education v. K.S. M. Veerabhadra Rao v. Tek Chand, Gandhi, (1991) 2 SCC 716 n 340, 341 1984 Supp SCC 571 n 702 Maharashtra v. Central Provinces Manganese M. Veerappa v. Evelyn Sequeira, Ore Co. Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 643 n 971 (1988) 1 SCC 556 n 46 Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vedic Vishwavidyalaya v. Machhi Singh v. State of Punjab, State of M.P., (2013) 15 SCC 677 n 344, 739 (1983) 3 SCC 470 n 280, 1017 Mahendra Pal v. Ram Dass Malanger, Madan Gopal Kanodia v. Mamraj (2000) 1 SCC 261 n 367 Maniram, (1977) 1 SCC 669 n 830 Mahendra Singh Dhantwal v. Hindustan Madeva Upendra Sinai v. Union of Motors Ltd., (1976) 4 SCC 606 n 772 India, (1975) 3 SCC 765 n 711 Mahesh Chandra v. U.P. Financial Corpn., Madhav Rao Jivaji Rao Scindia v. Union of India, (1993) 2 SCC 279 n 310, 675, 1023 (1971) 1 SCC 85 n 723, 856, 877, 1022 Mahindra Nath Shukla v. State of Madhu Gopal v. VI ADJ, (1988) 4 SCC 644 n 895 Bihar, (1980) 3 SCC 353 n 810 Madhukar G.E. Pankakar v. Jaswant Major Saurabh Charan v. NCT of Chobbildas Rajani, (1977) 1 SCC 70 n Delhi, (2014) 6 SCC 798 n 333 362, 363, 507, 614, 686, 804, 1104 Makhan Lal Bangal v. Manas Bhunia, Madhu Kishwar v. State of Bihar, (1996) (2001) 2 SCC 652 n 582 5 SCC 125 n 586, 673, 674, 729 Malabar Fisheries Co. v. CIT, Madhu Limaye, In re, (1969) 1 SCC 292 n 827 (1979) 4 SCC 766 n 818 Madhu Limaye v. State of Maharashtra, Malathi Ravi v. B.V. Ravi, (2014) 7 SCC 640 n 752 (1977) 4 SCC 551 n 502 Mallikarjun v. National Insurance Co. Madras Bar Assn. v. Union of India, (2014) 10 Ltd., (2014) 14 SCC 396 n 275 SCC 1 n 20, 86, 87, 591, 939, 1050, 1199 Malpe Vishwanath Acharya v. State of Madura Coats Ltd. v. Inspector of Maharashtra, (1998) 2 SCC 1 n 705 Factories, (1981) 1 SCC 590 n 1183 Mamleshwar Prasad v. Kanhaiya Lal, Mafatlal Industries Ltd. v. Union of India, (1975) 2 SCC 232 n 688 (1997) 5 SCC 536 n 234, 502, 1136 1174 Managing Director, U.P. Warehousing Corpn. v. Maganbhai Ishwarbhai Patel v. Union of Vijay Narayan Vajpayee, (1980) 3 SCC 459 n 374 India, (1970) 3 SCC 400 n 1163 Mandal Revenue Officer v. Goundla Maganlal Chhaganlal (P) Ltd. v. Municipal Venkaiah, (2010) 2 SCC 461 n 40 Corpn. of Greater Bombay, (1974) 2 SCC Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, (1978) 1 402 n 309, 853, 953, 1021, 1094 SCC 248 n 76, 77, 178, 238, 303, 416, 468, Mahabir Auto Stores v. Indian Oil 469, 721, 734, 792, 938, 950, 995, 1088 Corpn., (1990) 3 SCC 752 n 423 Maneka Sanjay Gandhi v. Rani Jethmalani, (1979) Mahabir Prasad Santuka v. Collector, 4 SCC 167 n 221, 434, 607, 645, 703, 749, 1159 (1987) 1 SCC 587 n 752 Mangilal v. State of M.P., (1994) 4 SCC 564 n 575 Mahabir Prasad Singh v. Jacks Aviation (P) Maniben Devraj Shah v. Municipal Corpn. of Ltd., (1999) 1 SCC 37 n 602, 607 Brihan Mumbai, (2012) 5 SCC 157 n 138 Mahabir Vegetable Oils (P) Ltd. v. State of Manik Chand v. Ramchandra, Haryana, (2006) 3 SCC 620 n 886 (1980) 4 SCC 22 n 135 Mahalinga Thambiran v. Arulnandi Maninderjit Singh Bitta v. Union of India, (2012) Thambiran, (1974) 1 SCC 150n 1112 1 SCC 273 n 124, 192, 320, 1008, 1101 lxxxiv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Mani Subrat Jain v. Raja Ram Vohra, Maya Devi v. Raj Kumari Batra, (2010) (1980) 1 SCC 1 n 853 9 SCC 486 n 421, 1011 Manjushri Raha v. B.L. Gupta, (1977) Mayawati v. Markandeya Chand, 2 SCC 174 n 134, 555 (1998) 7 SCC 517 n 839 Mannalal Khetan v. Kedar Nath Khetan, McDowell & Co. Ltd. v. CTO, (1977) 2 SCC 424 n 200, 202, 820 (1977) 1 SCC 441 n 415 Mannam Venkatdari v. State of A.P., MCD v. Female Workers (Muster Roll), (1971) 3 SCC 254 n 1175 (2000) 3 SCC 224 n 1193 Manoharan v. Sivarajan, (2014) 4 SCC 163 n 640 MCD v. Nirmal Sachdeva, (2001) Manohar Joshi v. State of Maharashtra, (2012) 10 SCC 364 n 406 3 SCC 619 n 310, 345, 483, 899, 900, 909 Medical Council of India v. M.G.R. Manohar Lal Sharma v. Medical Council Educational & Research Institute of India, (2013) 10 SCC 60 n 760 University, (2015) 4 SCC 580 n 761 Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principal Secy., (2014) 2 Meena v. State of Maharashtra, SCC 532 n 3, 112, 177, 214, 418, 804, 1114, 1128 (2000) 5 SCC 21 n 141 Manohar Lal Sharma v. Union of India, Meerut Development Authority v. (2013) 6 SCC 616 n 486 Assn. of Management Studies, n Manohar Nathurao Samarth v. Marotrao, (2009) 6 SCC 171 446, 904 (1979) 4 SCC 93 n 302, 550, 587 Meghmala v. G. Narasimha Reddy, (2010) 8 SCC 383 n 448, 453, 608 Manoj H. Mishra v. Union of India, Mehboob Batcha v. State, (2011) 7 SCC 45 n 269 (2013) 6 SCC 313 n 1188 Mehmood Alam Tariq v. State of Manoj I Naik & Associates v. Official Rajasthan, (1988) 3 SCC 241 n 96 Liquidator, (2015) 3 SCC 112 n 737 Mehmood Nayyar Azam v. State of Chhattisgarh, Manoj Narula v. Union of India, (2014) 9 (2012) 8 SCC 1 n 11, 510, 511, 513, 1002, 1006 SCC 1 n 140, 144, 158, 178, 220, 255, Mehrawal Khewaji Trust v. State of 256, 294, 295, 325, 479, 480, 485, 868 Punjab, (2012) 5 SCC 432 n 665 Mantoo Majumdar v. State of Bihar, (1980) Mewa Ram Kanojia v. AIIMS, 2 SCC 406 n 517, 682, 721, 1103 (1989) 2 SCC 233 n 380 Manu Sharma v. State (NCT of Delhi), (2010) 6 Micro Hotel (P) Ltd. v. Hotel Torrento SCC 1 n 259, 262, 589, 627, 859, 861, 1011, 1082 Ltd., (2012) 10 SCC 290 n 228, 625 v. Marathwada University Seshrao Balwant Mina Lalita Baruwa v. State of Orissa, n Rao Cahvan, (1989) 3 SCC 132 1177 (2013) 16 SCC 173 n 227, 254, 258 Maria Margarida Sequeira Fernandes v. Ministry of Health & Welfare, Maharashtra v. Erasmo Jack de Sequeira, (2012) 5 SCC S.C. Malte, (2012) 13 SCC 118 n 523, 524 n 370 22, 229, 626, 1024, 1165 Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Markfed Vanaspati & Allied Industries v. Govt. of India v. Cricket Assn. of Bengal, Union of India, (2007) 7 SCC 679 n 69 (1995) 2 SCC 161 n 49, 300, 301, 989, Markio Tado v. Takam Sorang, 1074, 1076, 1084, 1085, 1103, 1147 (2013) 7 SCC 524 n 849 Mishri Lal v. Dhirendra Nath, Martin F. D’Souza v. Mohd. Ishfaq, (1999) 4 SCC 11 n 1098 (2009) 3 SCC 1 n 671 Misrilal Lal Jain v. State of Orissa, Maru Ram v. Union of India, (1981) 1 (1977) 3 SCC 212 n 633 SCC 107 n 181, 645, 720, 810, 821, 822, Mithilesh Kumari v. Prem Behari 869, 872, 937, 961, 962, 1041, 1179 Khare, (1989) 2 SCC 95 n 999 Masood Alam v. Union of India, Mithu v. State of Punjab, (1983) 2 SCC 277 n 710 (1973) 1 SCC 551 n 1021 Mofil Khan v. State of Jharkhand, (2015) 1 Mathura Prasad Bajoo Jaiswal v. Dossibai N.B. SCC 67 n 277, 647, 1037, 1045, 1178 Jeejeebhoy, (1970) 1 SCC 613 n 759, 978 Mohammad Giasuddin v. State of A.P., Matru v. State of U.P., (1971) 2 SCC 75 n 413 (1977) 3 SCC 287 n 265, 601, 822, Mattulal v. Radhe Lal, (1974) 2 SCC 365 n 502 870, 936, 962, 1035, 1043, 1048 Maula Bux v. Union of India, Mohammad Khan v. State of M.P., (1969) 2 SCC 554 n 202 (1971) 3 SCC 683 n 874 TABLE OF CASES  lxxxv

Mohammed Gazi v. State of M.P., Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka, (1992) 3 (2000) 4 SCC 342 n 673 SCC 666 n 99, 346, 347, 467, 1147 Mohan Lal Pangasa v. State of U.P., Monnet Ispat & Energy Ltd. v. Jan (1974) 4 SCC 607 n 411 Chetna, (2013) 10 SCC 574 n 228 Mohan Singh v. Amar Singh, Monogram Mills Ltd. v. State of Gujarat, (1998) 6 SCC 686 n 194 (1976) 3 SCC 294 n 304 Mohd. Abdul Kadir v. DGP, Monthly Rated Workmen v. Indian Hume (2009) 6 SCC 611 n 904 Pipe Co., 1986 (Supp) SCC 79 n 745 Mohd. Ahmad v. Atma Ram Chauhan, Moorthy v. State of T.N., (1988) 3 SCC 207 n 442 (2011) 7 SCC 755 n 971 Motilal Padampat Sugar Mills Co. Ltd. v. State Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano of U.P., (1979) 2 SCC 409 n 693, 1018 Begum, (1985) 2 SCC 556 n 657 Moti Natwarlal v. Raghavayya Nagindas Mohd. Ajmal Amir Kasab v. State of & Co., (1977) 2 SCC 761 n 426 Maharashtra, (2012) 9 SCC 1 n 144, 531 Moti Ram v. State of M.P., (1978) 4 SCC Mohd. Arif v. Supreme Court of India, (2014) 9 47 n 81, 387, 684, 862, 1067, 1093 SCC 737 n 47, 74, 241, 278, 726, 732, 735, 1038 Motor General Traders v. State of A.P., Mohd. Aslam v. State of U.P., (1976) (1984) 1 SCC 222 n 1113 4 SCC 283 n 311, 1060, 1072 Motor Owners’ Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Jadavji Mohd. Aynuddin v. State of A.P., Keshavji Modi Co. Ltd., (1981) 4 SCC 660 n 680 (2000) 6 SCC 72 n 796 MSCO. (P) Ltd. v. Union of India, Mohd. Faizan Ahmad v. State of Bihar, (1985) 1 SCC 51 n 535 (2013) 2 SCC 131 n 888 MSR Leathers v. S. Palaniappan, Mohd. Faruk v. State of M.P., (2013) 1 SCC 177 n 560 (1969) 1 SCC 853 n 724 Muktinarain Jha v. State of Bihar, Mohd. Giasuddin v. State of A.P., (1978) 1 SCC 497 n 1043 (1977) 3 SCC 287 n 1048 Mulk Raj v. State of Punjab, (1972) 3 SCC 839 n 59 Mohd. Hanif v. State of Assam, Mumbai Kamgar Sabha v. Abdulbhai (1969) 2 SCC 782 n 636 Faizullabhai, (1976) 3 SCC 832 n 138, 687 Mohd. Hussain v. State (Govt. of NCT Municipal Corpn. of Greater Mumbai v. of Delhi), (2012) 2 SCC 584 n 11, Kohinoor CTNL Infrastructure Co. 266, 403, 434, 580, 626, 696 (P) Ltd., (2014) 4 SCC 538 n 376 Mohd. Hussain v. State (Govt. of NCT of Municipal Corpn. of the City of Ahmedabad Delhi), (2012) 9 SCC 408 n 1091 v. Jan Mohd. Usmanbhai, (1986) 3 SCC Mohd. Salimuddin v. Misri Lal., 20 n 244, 313, 467, 491, 715, 906 (1986) 2 SCC 378 n 615 Municipal Corpn. of the City of Ahmedabad Mohd. Serajuddin v. State of Orissa, v. New Shrock Spg. and Wvg. Co. (1975) 2 SCC 47 n 204 Ltd., (1970) 2 SCC 280 n 713 Mohd. Shahabuddin v. State of Bihar, Municipal Corpn. v. Subha Rao, (2010) 4 SCC 653 n 251, 618 (1976) 4 SCC 830 n 566 Mohd. Shujat Ali v. Union of India, Municipal Council v. Tirumalai Tirupathi (1975) 3 SCC 76 n 952 Devasthanam, (1974) 1 SCC 683 n 1143 Mohd. Subrati v. State of W.B., Munney Khan v. State of M.P., (1973) 3 SCC 250 n 827 (1970) 2 SCC 480 n 874 Mohd. Yousuf Rather v. State of J&K, Munshi Singh Gautam v. State of M.P., (1979) 4 SCC 370 n 864 (2005) 9 SCC 631 n 271 Mohd. Yunus Khan v. State of U.P., (2010) Munshi v. Richpal, (1977) 2 SCC 605 n 840 10 SCC 539 n 65, 729, 1065 Murlidhar Aggarwal v. State of U.P., Mohider Singh v. State of Punjab, (1974) 2 SCC 472 n 923 (1977) 3 SCC 34 n 97, 726 Murlidhar Dayandeo Kesekar v. Vishwanath Mohinder Singh Gill v. Chief Election Pandu Barde, 1995 Supp (2) SCC 549 n 730 Commr., (1978) 1 SCC 405 n 303, 360, Murthy Match Works v. CCE, 365, 369, 432, 437, 738, 789, 844, 972 (1974) 4 SCC 428 n 127 lxxxvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Musa Khan v. State of Maharashtra, Nand Lal Bajaj v. State of Punjab, (1981) (1977) 1 SCC 733 n 1174 4 SCC 327 n 720, 825, 864 Mysore SRTC v. Mirja Khasim Ali Nandlal Wasudeo Badwaik v. Lata Nandlal Beg, (1977) 2 SCC 457 n 646 Badwaik, (2014) 2 SCC 576 n 640, 1165 Mysore SRTC v. Mysore STAT, Narain Das Jain v. Agra Nagar Mahapalika, (1974) 2 SCC 750 n 779 (1991) 4 SCC 212 n 665 Narain Dass v. Improvement Trust, Amritsar, (1973) 2 SCC 265 n 389 Naraindas v. Vallabhdas, (1971) 3 SCC 642 n 70 N Narashimha Murthy v. Susheelabai, (1996) 3 SCC 644 n 674 N. Adithayan v. Travancore Devaswom Narayan Dass Indurakhya v. State of Board, (2002) 8 SCC 106 n 1075 M.P., (1972) 3 SCC 676 n 955 N. Ammad v. Emjay High School, Narayan Govind Gavate v. State of Maharashtra, (1998) 6 SCC 674 n 498 (1977) 1 SCC 133 n 411, 805, 861 N.D. Jayal v. Union of India, (2004) 9 Narender Singh v. Mala Ram, SCC 362 n 378, 1061, 1135 (1999) 8 SCC 198 n 362 N.G. Dastane (Dr) v. S. Dastane, Narendra Bahadur Singh v. State of n (1975) 2 SCC 326 267, 756 U.P., (1977) 1 SCC 216 n 14 N.K. Bajpai v. Union of India, (2012) Narendra Champaklal Trivedi v. State of n 4 SCC 653 91, 462, 950 Gujarat, (2012) 7 SCC 80 n 215 v. N.K. Chauhan State of Gujarat, (1977) 1 Narendra Kumar Maheshwari v. Union of SCC 308 n 225, 685, 686, 941, 1104 India, 1990 Supp SCC 440 n 329 N. Kamalam v. Ayyasamy, (2001) 7 SCC 503 n 650 Narendra Madivalapa Kheni v. Manikrao N. Kannadasan v. Ajoy Khose, (2009) 7 Patil, (1977) 4 SCC 16 n 303, 844, SCC 1 n 560, 627, 850, 1052, 1102 879, 880, 975, 1019, 1134 N. Narayanan v. SEBI, (2013) 12 SCC Narendra Prasadji v. State of Gujarat, 152 n 315, 571, 751, 1033 (1975) 1 SCC 11 n 1106 N.S. Rajabathar Mudaliar v. M.S. Vadivelu Naresh Chandra Sanyal v. Calcutta Stock Mudaliar, (1970) 1 SCC 12 n 274 Exchange Assn. Ltd., (1971) 1 SCC 50 n 1058 N. Sengodan v. State of T.N., Naresh Kumar v. State of Haryana, (2013) 8 SCC 664 n 824 (2015) 1 SCC 797 n 516 N.V. Shanmugham & Co. v. CIT, (1970) 2 SCC 139 n 1141 Narinder Chand Hem Raj v. Lt. Governor, n N. Vasundara v. State of Mysore, (1971) 2 SCC 747 1140 (1971) 2 SCC 22 n 402 Narinderjit Singh Sahni v. Union of n N. Venugopala Ravi Varma Rajah v. Union India, (2002) 2 SCC 210 544 of India, (1969) 1 SCC 681 n 381, 1142 Narinder Singh Arora v. State (Govt. of NCT Naga People’s Movement of Human Rights v. of Delhi), (2012) 1 SCC 561 n 654 Union of India, (1998) 2 SCC 109 n 71 Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab, Nagar Panchayat, Kurwai v. Mahesh Kumar (2014) 6 SCC 466 n 1096 Singhal, (2013) 12 SCC 342 n 780, 891 Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India, Nagen Murmu v. State of W.B., (2000) 10 SCC 664 n 223, 378 (1973) 3 SCC 63 n 866 Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of Nagpur Improvement Trust v. Vithal India, (1999) 8 SCC 308 n 740, 1083 Rao, (1973) 1 SCC 500 n 953 Narmada Bai v. State of Gujarat, Namit Sharma v. Union of India, (2013) 1 SCC (2011) 5 SCC 79 n 648 745 n 228, 522, 610, 670, 784, 995, 1081 Narotam Singh v. State of Punjab, Nandini Satpathy v. P.L. Dani, (1978) 2 SCC (1979) 4 SCC 505 n 604, 822 424 n 139, 147, 164, 167, 174, 255, 256, Nashirwar v. State of M.P., (1975) 1 261, 552, 638, 731, 738, 820, 832, 835 SCC 29 n 470, 695, 971 Nandini Sundar v. State of Chhattisgarh, (2011) 7 National Buildings Construction Corpn. v. S. SCC 547 n 163, 670, 699, 700, 728, 1009, 1152 Raghunathan, (1998) 7 SCC 66 n 716 TABLE OF CASES  lxxxvii

National Engineering Industries Ltd. v. Shri Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences v. Prasanth Kishan Bhageria, 1988 Supp SCC 82 n 1072 S. Dhananka, (2009) 6 SCC 1 n 761 National Legal Services Authority v. Union NOIDA Entrepreneurs Assn. v. NOIDA, of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438 n 144, (2011) 6 SCC 508 n 843, 1009, 1101 305, 383, 476, 669, 1006, 1162 Noorduddin v. Dr K.L. Anand, National Textile Corpn. Ltd. v. Sitaram Mills (1995) 1 SCC 242 n 656 Ltd., 1986 (Supp) SCC 117 n 1154 Noor Mohammed v. Jethanand, National Textile Corpn. v. State of (2013) 5 SCC 202 n 296 Maharashtra, (1977) 3 SCC 4 n 520 Northern India Caterers (India) Ltd. v. Lt. Governor National Textile Workers’ Union v. of Delhi, (1980) 2 SCC 167 n 992, 1022 P.R. Ramakrishnan, (1983) 1 SCC Novartis AG v. Union of India, 228 n 132, 207, 302, 644, 679 (2013) 6 SCC 1 n 819 Natwar Singh v. Director of Enforcement, Nrisingha Murari Chakraborty v. State (2010) 13 SCC 255 n 230, 437, 785 of W.B., (1977) 3 SCC 7 n 818 Nawabkhan Abbaskhan v. State of Gujarat, (1974) 2 SCC 121 n 31, 75, 76, 427, 791, 806, 955, 988, 989 NCTE v. Venus Public Education O Society, (2013) 1 SCC 223 n 641 Neelima Misra v. Harinder Kaur Paintal, O.N.G.C. v. Assn. of Natural Gas Consuming n (1990) 2 SCC 746 n 436 Industries of Gujarat, 1990 Supp SCC 397 885 Nepal Singh v. State of U.P., (1985) 1 SCC 56 n 424 O.N. Mohindroo v. Distt. Judge, Delhi, (1971) 3 SCC 5 n 85, 993 Nepal Singh v. State of U.P., (1980) O.P. Gupta v. Union of India, (1987) 3 SCC 288 n 244 4 SCC 328 n 75, 436 Neptune Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Union of O.P. Sharma v. High Court of Punjab & Haryana, India, (1973) 1 SCC 310 n 132, 473 (2011) 6 SCC 86 n 43, 44, 195, 658 New Central Jute Mills Co. Ltd. v. O.P. Singla v. Union of India, (1984) CCE, (1970) 2 SCC 820 n 50 4 SCC 450 n 27, 643 New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Gopali, O.Z. Hussain v. Union of India, (2012) 12 SCC 198 n 658 1990 Supp SCC 668 n 887 New India Assurance Co. Ltd. v. Kiran Odyssey Communications (P) Ltd. v. Lokvidayan n Singh, (2004) 10 SCC 649 537 Sanghatana, (1988) 3 SCC 410 n 1086 n NHRC v. State of Gujarat, (2009) 6 SCC 342 132 Official Liquidator v. Dayanand, (2008) Nidamartimahesh Kumar v. State of 10 SCC 1 n 159, 316, 597, 1097 Maharashtra., (1986) 2 SCC 534 n 386 Olga Tellis v. Bombay Municipal Corpn., Nikhil Himthani v. State of Uttarakhand, (1985) 3 SCC 545 n 132, 147, 161, 657, (2013) 10 SCC 237 n 398 730, 744, 787, 819, 842, 931, 1073 Nilabati Behera v. State of Orissa, (1993) OMA v. State of T.N., (2013) 3 SCC 440 n 580 2 SCC 746 n 223, 914, 1015, 1130 Om Parkash v. State of Haryana, Nimmagadda Prasad v. CBI, (2013) (1971) 3 SCC 792 n 503 7 SCC 466 n 1189 Om Prakash Chautala v. Kanwar Bhan, Niranjan Hemchandra Sashittal v. (2014) 5 SCC 417 n 591, 592, 596, 976 State of Maharashtra, (2013) 4 SCC Om Prakash Sud v. State of J&K, 642 n 4, 214, 288, 480, 735 (1981) 2 SCC 270 n 386, 952 Niranjan Singh Karam Singh Punjabi v. Jitendra Om Prakash v. Lauti Ram, (1971) 3 SCC 868 n 1078 Bhimraj Bijjaya, (1990) 4 SCC 76 n 934 Om Prakash v. State of Jharkhand, Niranjan Singh v. Prabhakar Rajaram Kharote, (2012) 12 SCC 72 n 835 (1980) 2 SCC 559 n 272, 1018, 1100 Om Prakash v. State of Rajasthan, Nirmala J. Jhala v. State of Gujarat, (2012) 5 SCC 201 n 9, 660 (2013) 4 SCC 301 n 21 Om Wati v. State, (2001) 4 SCC 333 n 457 Nirmala Senior Secondary School, v. N.I. ONGC Ltd. v. Western Geco International Khan, (2003) 12 SCC 84 n 62 Ltd., (2014) 9 SCC 263 n 61, 286, 418 lxxxviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

ONGC v. Utpal Kumar Basu, P. Sambamurthy v. State of A.P., (1994) 4 SCC 711 n 1150 (1987) 1 SCC 362 n 1016 Onkarnath Singh v. State of U.P., P. Sanjeeva Rao v. State of A.P., (1975) 3 SCC 276 n 873 (2012) 7 SCC 56 n 433 Onkar Nath v. Delhi Admn., (1977) P. Sivaswamy v. State of A.P., 2 SCC 611 n 605, 889 (1988) 4 SCC 466 n 392 Organo Chemical Industries v. Union of P.T. Munichikkanna Reddy v. Revamma, India, (1979) 4 SCC 573 n 276, 401 (2007) 6 SCC 59 n 736 Ouseph Mathai v. M. Abdul Khadir, Padma v. Hiralal Motilal Desarda, (2002) 1 SCC 319 n 545 (2002) 7 SCC 564 n 917 Palaniappa Gounder v. State of T.N., (1977) 2 SCC 634 n 444 Panchugopal Barua v. Umesh Chandra P Goswami, (1997) 4 SCC 713 n 234 Pandit Lakshmi Kant Jha v. CW T, P.B. Roy v. Union of India, (1972) (1974) 3 SCC 126 n 134 3 SCC 432 n 1000 Pandurang Mahadeo Kavade v. A.B. P.C. Cheriyan v. Barfi Devi, (1980) 2 SCC 461n 853 Bokil, (1971) 3 SCC 530 n 978 P.C. Mukherjee v. S.K. Mukherjee, Pandurang v. State of Maharashtra, (1971) 3 SCC 607 n 40 (1986) 4 SCC 436 n 285, 796 P.D. Dinakaran (1) v. Judges Inquiry Pankaj Bhargava v. Mohinder Nath, Committee, (2011) 8 SCC 380 n 580, 785 (1991) 1 SCC 556 n 561 P.D. Gupta v. Ram Murti, (1997) 7 SCC 147 n 25 Pankaj Kumar Chakrabarty v. State of P.D. Khandekar v. Bar Council of W.B., (1969) 3 SCC 400 n 867 Maharashtra, (1984) 2 SCC 556 n 884 Pannalal Bansilal Pitti v. State of A.P., P. Janardhana Reddy v. State of A.P., (1996) 2 SCC 498 n 1171 (2001) 6 SCC 50 n 422 Paradip Port Trust v. Workmen, P.K. Badiani v. CIT, (1976) 4 SCC 562 n 886 (1977) 2 SCC 339 n 685 P.K. Ghosh v. J.G. Rajput, (1995) 6 SCC 744 n 642 Parashuram Pottery Works Co. Ltd. v. P. Malaichami v. M. Andi Ambalam, ITO, (1977) 1 SCC 408 n 743, 1138 (1973) 2 SCC 170 n 359, 636 Parkash Singh Teji v. Northen India Goods P.N. Duda v. P. Shiv Shanker, Transport Co. (P) Ltd., (2009) 12 SCC 577 n 24 (1988) 3 SCC 167 n 659 Parmanand Katara v. Union of India, P.N. Kaushal v. Union of India, (1978) (1989) 4 SCC 286 n 512 3 SCC 558 n 68, 567, 684, 931 Parmeshwari Devi v. State, (1977) 1 SCC 169 n 538 P.N. Krishna Lal v. Govt. of Kerala, Pasupuleti Venkateswarlu v. Motor and General 1995 Supp (2) SCC 187 n 1072 Traders, (1975) 1 SCC 770 n 407 P. Nalla Thampy Terah v. Union of India, Patel Narshi Thakershi v. Pradyumansinghji, 1985 Supp SCC 189 n 126 (1971) 3 SCC 844 n 992 P. Nalla Thampy Thera v. Union of Pathan Mohammed Suleman Rehmatkhan v. State India, (1983) 4 SCC 598 n 450 of Gujarat, (2014) 4 SCC 156 n 284, 286 P. Ramachandra Rao v. State of Karnataka, Pathumma v. State of Kerala, (1978) 2 (2002) 4 SCC 578 n 242, 290, 582, SCC 1 n 238, 451, 624, 709 629, 704, 705, 1092, 1127, 1129 Pebam Ningol Mikoi Devi v. State of P. Ramakrishnam Raju v. Union of Manipur, (2010) 9 SCC 618 n 718 India, (2014) 12 SCC 1 n 83, 84 Peerless General Finance & Investment Co. Ltd. P. Rathinam v. Union of India, (1994) v. RBI, (1992) 2 SCC 343 n 224, 711, 987 3 SCC 394 n 675, 778 People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of P.S.R. Sadhanantham v. Arunachalam, (1980) 3 India, (2013) 10 SCC 1 n 360, 798, 1181 SCC 141 n 18, 29, 254, 425, 601, 682, 825 People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) v. Union P.S. Ranakrishna Reddy v. M.K. Bhagyalakshmi, of India, (2003) 4 SCC 399 n 121, 170, 1180, 1181 (2007) 10 SCC 231 n 1024 Perumal v. Janaki, (2014) 5 SCC 377 n 112, 1006 TABLE OF CASES  lxxxix

Phul Singh v. State of Haryana, (1979) Prem Ballab v. State (Delhi Admn.), 4 SCC 413 n 477, 945, 961 (1977) 1 SCC 173 n 38 Piara Singh v. State of Punjab, (1977) Prem Chand v. Union of India, 4 SCC 452 n 410, 958 (1981) 1 SCC 639 n 6 Pokar Ram v. State of Rajasthan, Premium Granites v. State of T.N., (1985) 2 SCC 597 n 57 (1994) 2 SCC 691 n 923 Polestar Electronic (P) Ltd. v. Addl. Prem Shankar Shukla v. Delhi Admn., (1980) 3 CST, (1978) 1 SCC 636 n 564 SCC 526 n 496, 497, 518, 681, 825, 872, 989 Polychem Ltd. v. R.D. Tulpule, Industrial Presidential Poll, In re, (1974) 2 SCC 33 Tribunal, (1972) 1 SCC 885 n 1182 n 322, 361, 369, 370, 566, 857 Pomal Kanji Govindji v. Vrajlal Karsandas Press Trust of India v. Union of India, Purohit, (1989) 1 SCC 458 n 203, 677 (1974) 4 SCC 638 n 706 Ponnala Lakshmaiah v. Kommuri Pratap Reddy, Printers (Mysore) Ltd. v. CTO, (2012) 7 SCC 788 n 228, 358, 361, 363 (1994) 2 SCC 434 n 859 Poonam Lata v. M.L. Wadhawan, Pritam Pal v. High Court of M.P., 1993 (1987) 3 SCC 347 n 815 Supp (1) SCC 529 n 194, 675 Pooran Mal v. Director of Inspection, Prithvi Raj Taneja v. State of M.P., (1974) 1 SCC 345 n 1143 (1977) 1 SCC 684 n 752 Port of Bombay v. Dilipkumar Raghavendranath Priyadarshini Dental College & Hospital v. Union Nadkarni, (1983) 1 SCC 124 n 644 of India, (2011) 4 SCC 623 n 610, 1050 Postmaster General v. Living Media India Priyanka Srivastava v. State of U.P., Ltd., (2012) 3 SCC 563 n 138 (2015) 6 SCC 287 n 48, 745 Prabhakaran Nair v. State of T.N., Prof. Balraj Madhok v. Shashi Bhushan, (1987) 4 SCC 238 n 510, 666 (1972) 2 SCC 616 n 306, 750 Prabhu Dayal Deorah v. Distt. Magistrate, (1974) Profulla Chorone Requitte v. Satya Chorone 1 SCC 103 n 307, 493, 827, 866, 1071 Requitte, (1979) 3 SCC 409 n 1058 Prabodh Verma v. State of U.P., Punithavalli Ammal v. Minor Ramalingam, (1984) 4 SCC 251 n 884 (1970) 1 SCC 570 n 37, 560 Pradeep Jain v. Union of India, (1984) Punjab Engg. College v. Sanjay Gulati, 3 SCC 654 n 386, 398, 985 (1983) 3 SCC 517 n 679 Prafull Goradia v. Union of India, Punjab National Bank v. Ghulam Dastagir, (2011) 2 SCC 568 n 1028 (1978) 2 SCC 358 n 1067 Prag Ice & Oil Mills v. Union of India, (1978) Punjab National Bank v. Surendra Prasad 3 SCC 459 n 185, 425, 552, 797, 868 Sinha, 1993 Supp (1) SCC 499 n 260 Prakash Jha Productions v. Union of India, Punjab Tin Supply Co. v. Central Govt., (2011) 8 SCC 372 n 105, 854, 979 (1984) 1 SCC 206 n 548 Prakash Kadam v. Ramprasad Vishwanath Puran v. Rambilas, (2001) 6 SCC 338 n 949 Gupta, (2011) 6 SCC 189 n 374, 375 Pure Helium India (P) Ltd. v. Oil & Natural Prakash Singh v. Union of India, Gas Commission, (2003) 8 SCC 593 n 544 (2006) 8 SCC 1 n 1012 Pushkar Mukherjee v. State of W.B., Pramati Educational & Cultural Trust v. (1969) 1 SCC 10 n 921 Union of India, (2014) 8 SCC 1 n 1026 Pushpa Devi v. Milkhi Ram, Pratapsinhji N. Desai v. Dy. Charity Commr., (1990) 2 SCC 134 n 676 1987 Supp SCC 714 n 375, 902 Pushpanjali Sahu v. State of Orissa, Pratap v. State of U.P., (1973) 3 SCC 690 n 993 (2012) 9 SCC 705 n 943 Pratibha Rani v. Suraj Kumar, (1985) Pushpa Vanti v. Union of India, 2 SCC 370 n 547, 678 (2011) 1 SCC 193 n 287 Pratima Chowdhury v. Kalpana Mukherjee, Pushpavathi v. Chandraraja Kadamba, (2014) 4 SCC 196 n 407 (1973) 3 SCC 291 n 1191 Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand, (2010) Puzhakkal Kuyyappu v. C. Bhargavi, 7 SCC 667 n 501, 648, 715, 759, 883 (1977) 1 SCC 17 n 287, 778, 892 Preeti Srivastava v. State of M.P., Pyarali K. Tejani v. Mahadeo Ramchandra (1999) 7 SCC 120 n 338 Dange, (1974) 1 SCC 167 n 239, 1106 xc  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Radhakanta Deb v. Commr. of Hindu Religious Q Endowments, (1981) 2 SCC 226 n 930 Quamarul Islam v. S.K. Kanta, 1994 Radhakrishna Agarwal v. State of Bihar, Supp (3) SCC 5 n 210 (1977) 3 SCC 457 n 200, 789 Quarry Owners’ Assn. v. State of Bihar, Raghbir Singh Sehrawat v. State of n (2000) 8 SCC 655 n 233 Haryana, (2012) 1 SCC 792 13 Raghbir Singh v. State of Haryana, (1980) 3 SCC 70 n 572 Raghubir Singh v. State of U.P., (1972) 3 SCC 79 n 1130 R Raghunandan Saran Ashok Saran v. Pearey Lal Workshop, (1986) 3 SCC 38 n 562 R.B. Jodha Mal Kuthiala v. CIT, Raghunathrao Ganpatrao v. Union of (1971) 3 SCC 369 n 18 India, 1994 Supp (1) SCC 191 n 448 R.C. Chandel v. High Court of M.P., Raghuvansh Dewanchand Bhasin v. State of (2012) 8 SCC 58 n 625 Maharashtra, (2012) 9 SCC 791 n 732 R.C. Poudyal v. Union of India, 1994 Supp Rahamatullah v. State of Bihar, (1) SCC 324 n 146, 156, 967, 984 (1981) 4 SCC 559 n 680 R.D. Saxena v. Balram Prasad Sharma, Rahim Khan v. Khurshid Ahmed, (1974) 2 SCC (2000) 7 SCC 264 n 44, 45 660 n 212, 352, 353, 357, 358, 366, 368, 853 R.D. Shetty v. International Airport Authority, Raipur Development Authority v. Chokhamal (1979) 3 SCC 489 n 1018, 1111 Contractors, (1989) 2 SCC 721 n 65, 482 R. Dalmia v. CIT, (1977) 2 SCC 467 n 137 Rai Singh v. State of Haryana, (1972) v. n R.G. Anand Delux Films, (1978) 4 SCC 118 828 4 SCC 289 n 239, 1077 R.G. Sahakari Sangha Ltd. v. State of Raja Bahadur Motilal Bombay Mills v. Govind n Mysore, (1974) 2 SCC 221 896 Ram Brothers, (1974) 2 SCC 178 n 64 R.K. Anand v. Delhi High Court, (2009) Raja Khan v. U.P. Sunni Central Waqf n 8 SCC 106 860, 883, 884 Board, (2011) 2 SCC 741 n 5, 1168 R.K. Garg v. Union of India, (1981) Rajapalayam Mills Ltd. v. CIT, 4 SCC 675 n 401, 680, 711 (1978) 4 SCC 322 n 519 R.K. Jain v. Union of India, (1993) Rajappa Hanamantha Ranoji v. Mahadev 4 SCC 119 n 46, 621 Channabasappa, (2000) 6 SCC 120 n 457 R. Karuppan, Advocate, Suo Motu Proceedings Raja Ram Pal v. Lok Sabha, (2007) 3 SCC 184 n 695 against, In re, (2001) 5 SCC 289 n 823 Rajasthan SRTC v. Santosh, (2013) 7 SCC 94 n 709 R.M. Seshadri v. G. Vasantha Pai, Rajbir Singh Dalal v. Chaudhari Devi Lal (1969) 1 SCC 27 n 360 University, (2008) 9 SCC 284 n 850 R.N. Dangor v. J.K. Ganatra, Rajender Kumar Jain v. State, (1980) 3 (1976) 4 SCC 500 n 220 SCC 435 n 18, 28, 245, 528, 1179 R.P. Khanna v. S.A.F. Abbas, Rajender Singh v. Santa Singh, (1973) (1972) 1 SCC 784 n 991 2 SCC 705 n 690, 736, 739 R.R. Verma v. Union of India, (1980) Rajendra Prasad v. State of U.P., (1979) 3 SCC 646 3 SCC 402 n 124, 425 n 246, 282, 283, 608, 726, 935, 990, 1042, 1047 R.S. Dass v. Union of India, 1986 Rajendra Roy v. Union of India, (Supp) SCC 617 n 75, 787 (1993) 1 SCC 148 n 372 R.S. Nayak v. A.R. Antulay, (1984) 2 SCC 183 n 548 Rajendra Singh Verma v. Lt. Governor (NCT R.S. Singh v. U.P. Malaria Nirikshak of Delhi), (2011) 10 SCC 1 n 5, 136, 139, Sangh, (2011) 4 SCC 281 n 298, 581 216, 241, 489, 501, 524, 589, 603, 615 R.V.E. Venkatachala Gounder v. Venkatesha Rajesh Awasthi v. Nand Lal Jaiswal, Gupta, (2002) 4 SCC 437 n 409 (2013) 1 SCC 501 n 481, 1034 R. Viswan v. Union of India, Rajesh D. Darbar v. Narasingrao Krishnaji (1983) 3 SCC 401 n 317 Kulkarni, (2003) 7 SCC 219 n 231 Rabinarayan Mohapatra v. State of Rajesh Kohli v. High Court of J&K, Orissa, (1991) 2 SCC 599 n 341 (2010) 12 SCC 783 n 626, 627 TABLE OF CASES  xci

Rajesh Kumar Srivastava v. State of Ram Chander v. State of Haryana, (1981) Jharkhand, (2011) 4 SCC 447 n 589 3 SCC 191 n 593, 644, 1163 Rajeshwar Singh v. Subrata Roy Sahara, Ram Chander v. Union of India, (2014) 14 SCC 257 n 568 (1986) 3 SCC 103 n 60 Rajinder Singh v. State of Punjab, Ramchandra A. Kamat v. Union of (2015) 6 SCC 477 n 326 India, (1980) 2 SCC 270 n 972 Rajinder v. State of Haryana, Ramchandra Ganpat Shinde v. State of (1995) 5 SCC 187 n 873 Maharashtra, (1993) 4 SCC 216 n 655 Rajindra Singh v. Prem Mai, (2007) Ram Chandra Mawa Lal v. State of U.P., 11 SCC 37 n 1091 1984 Supp SCC 28 n 107, 108, 163 Rajiv Ranjan Singh ‘Lalan’ (8) v. Union of India, Ramchandra Shankar Deodhar v. State of (2006) 6 SCC 613 n 284, 457, 910, 1025 Maharashtra, (1974) 1 SCC 317 n 388, 1055 Raj Kapoor v. Laxman, (1980) 2 SCC Ram Chandra Singh v. Savitri Devi, 175 n 104, 118, 468, 682, 1155 (2003) 8 SCC 319 n 449 Raj Kapoor v. State, (1980) 1 SCC 43 Ram Dass v. Ishwar Chander, n 29, 105, 119, 499, 563, 607 (1988) 3 SCC 131 n 940 Rajkot Municipal Corpn. v. Manjulben Jayantilal Ram Deo Chauhan v. Bani Kanta Das, (2010) 14 Nakum, (1997) 9 SCC 552 n 780 SCC 209: (2011) 3 SCC (Cri) 727 n 463, 515 Raj Kumar Singh v. State of Bihar, Ramdeo Chauhan v. State of Assam, (1986) 4 SCC 407 n 863, 907 (2001) 5 SCC 714 n 25 Raj Narain v. Indira Nehru Gandhi, Ramdev Food Products (P) Ltd. v. State of (1972) 3 SCC 850 n 56, 110, 435 Gujarat, (2015) 6 SCC 439 n 1064 Rakesh Kumar Goel v. U.P. State Ramesh Bejoy Sharma v. Pashupati Industrial Development Corpn. Rai, (1979) 4 SCC 27 n 1149 Ltd., (2010) 8 SCC 263 n 456 Ramesh Chandra Kachardas Porwal v. State of Ram & Shyam Co. v. State of Haryana, Maharashtra, (1981) 2 SCC 722 n 511 (1985) 3 SCC 267 n 1187 Ramesh Chandra Misra v. Mahendra Rama Dayal Markarha v. State of M.P., Tripathi, (1977) 1 SCC 25 n 1167 (1978) 2 SCC 630 n 30, 185, 192, 432 Ramesh Kumar v. Ram Kumar, Ramagya Prasad Gupta v. Murli (1984) 3 SCC 90 n 643 Prasad, (1973) 2 SCC 9 n 572 Ramesh Prasad Singh v. State of Bihar, Ramakrishna Hedge v. Election Commission (1978) 1 SCC 37 n 398 of India, (1980) 3 SCC 286 n 93 Ramesh Roy v. State of W.B., Ramana Dayaram Shetty v. International Airport (1972) 3 SCC 829 n 808 Authority, (1979) 3 SCC 489 n 487 Ramesh v. Union of India, (1988) Rama Rao v. Narayan, (1969) 1 SCC 167 n 804 1 SCC 668 n 507, 1025 Ramashankar Kaushik v. Election Commission Rameshwari Lal Sanwarmal v. CIT, of India, (1974) 1 SCC 271 n 73 (1980) 2 SCC 371 n 1057 Ramashraya Chakravarti v. State of Rameshwar Prasad (VI) v. Union of India, M.P., (1976) 1 SCC 281 n 1044 (2006) 2 SCC 1 n 62, 66, 89, 298, Ram Ashray Yadav, Chairman, Bihar Public Service 322, 354, 489, 520, 1013, 1127 Commission, In re, (2000) 3 SCC 309 n 927 Rameshwar Prasad Goyal, In re, (2014) Ram Autar Lal Jain v. Maya Kaur, 1 SCC 572 n 641, 881, 908 (1974) 2 SCC 227 n 491 Rameshwar Singh v. State of Haryana, Ram Autar Shukla v. Arvind Shukla, (2003) 8 SCC 396 n 438 1995 Supp (2) SCC 130 n 656 Rameshwar v. Jot Ram, (1976) 1 SCC 194 n 964 Ram Awadesh Singh v. Sumitra Devi, Ramesh Yeshwant Prabhoo v. Prabhakar (1972) 3 SCC 131 n 366, 367 K. Kunte, (1996) 1 SCC 130 n 506 Ram Bali Rajbhar v. State of W.B., Ram Jankijee Deities v. State of Bihar, (1975) 4 SCC 47 n 865, 919 (1999) 5 SCC 50 n 478 Ram Bhagat Singh v. State of Haryana, Ram Jethmalani v. Union of India, (2011) 8 (1997) 11 SCC 417 n 373 SCC 1 n 162, 182, 184, 462, 463, 873 xcii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Ramji Dayawala v. Invest Import, Rashmi Metaliks Ltd. v. Kolkata (1981) 1 SCC 80 n 70 Metropolitan Development Authority, Ram Jivan v. Phoola, (1976) 1 SCC 852 n 853 (2013) 10 SCC 95 n 700, 848, 849 Ram Kishan Singh v. Harmit Kaur, Rathinam v. State of T.N., (2011) 11 SCC 140 n 478 (1972) 3 SCC 280 n 501 Ratnagiri Gas & Power (P) Ltd. v. RDS Ram Lakhan Singh v. State of U.P., Projects Ltd., (2013) 1 SCC 524 n 21 (1977) 3 SCC 268 n 861 Rattan Chand Hira Chand v. Askar Nawaz Ramlila Maidan Incident, In re, (2012) 5 SCC 1 Jung, (1991) 3 SCC 67 n 200, 235, 604 n 69, 297, 462, 873, 998, 1007, 1081, 1082 Rattan Singh v. State of Punjab, Ram Narain Gupta v. Rameshwari (1979) 4 SCC 719 n 1003 Gupta, (1988) 4 SCC 247 n 1025 Rattiram v. State of M.P., (2012) 4 SCC Ram Narain v. State of Rajasthan, 516 n 433, 434, 642, 1179 (1973) 3 SCC 805 n 412 Raval & Co. v. K.G. Ramachandran, Ram Narayan Popli v. CBI, (2003) (1974) 1 SCC 424 n 567 3 SCC 641 n 1189 Ravi Yashwant Bhoir v. Collector, (2012) 4 Ramnaresh Pandey v. State of M.P., SCC 407 n 163, 297, 419, 750, 969 (1974) 3 SCC 380 n 251 Ravji v. State of Rajasthan, (1996) 2 SCC 175 n 934 Ram Niranjan Roy v. State of Bihar, RBI v. Peerless General Finance & Investment (2014) 12 SCC 11 n 197 Co. Ltd., (1987) 1 SCC 424 n 547 Ramon Services (P) Ltd. v. Subhash Kapoor, Registrar of Coop. Societies v. K. Kunjabmu, (2001) 1 SCC 118 n 44, 701, 1065, 1115 (1980) 1 SCC 340 n 291, 292, 1104 Rampakavi Rayappa Belagali v. B.D. Reliance Industries Ltd. v. Designated Jatti, (1970) 3 SCC 147 n 366 Authority, (2006) 10 SCC 368 n 59, 534 Rampal Pithwa Rahidas v. State of Maharashtra, Reliance Petrochemicals Ltd. v. Proprietors 1994 Supp (2) SCC 73 n 234 of Indian Express Newspapers Bombay Ram Pershad v. CIT, (1972) 2 SCC 696 n 758 (P) Ltd., (1988) 4 SCC 592 n 997 Ram Pratap Sharma, In re, (1977) 1 Retti Deenabandhu v. State of A.P., SCC 150 n 192, 577, 596 (1977) 1 SCC 742 n 205 Ram Pyare Chaudhary v. State of U.P., Rev. Stainislaus v. State of M.P., (1982) 1 SCC 671 n 352 (1977) 1 SCC 677 n 141, 968 Ramrameshwari Devi v. Nirmala Devi, (2011) Revanasiddappa v. Mallikarjun, 8 SCC 249 n 39, 219, 229, 453, 455, 823 (2011) 11 SCC 1 n 398, 716 Ram Sarup Gupta v. Bishun Narain Inter Rly. Board v. Niranjan Singh, College, (1987) 2 SCC 555 n 547 (1969) 1 SCC 502 n 452 Ram Sharan Yadav v. Thakur Muneshwar Rohini Prasad v. Kasturchand, Nath Singh, (1984) 4 SCC 649 n 211 (2000) 3 SCC 668 n 545 Ram Singh v. State of Haryana, Rohit Singhal v. Principal, Jawahar N. (1971) 3 SCC 914 n 817 Vidyalaya, (2003) 1 SCC 687 n 115, 338 Ram Singh v. Union of India, (2015) Roshan Deen v. Preeti Lal, (2002) 4 SCC 697 n 79, 80, 1108 1 SCC 100 n 500, 650 Randhir Singh v. Union of India, Roshan Lal Ahuja, In re, 1993 Supp (1982) 1 SCC 618 n 396 (4) SCC 446 n 195, 196 Rani v. Santa Bala Debnath, (1970) Roshanlal Kuthalia v. R.B. Mohan Singh 3 SCC 722 n 700 Oberoi, (1975) 4 SCC 628 n 687 Ranjan Dwivedi v. CBI, (2012) 8 Rosy Jacob v. Jacob A. Chakramakkal, SCC 495 n 433, 703, 1091 (1973) 1 SCC 840 n 118 Ranjit Dam v. State of W.B., Royal Talkies v. ESI Corpn., (1978) (1972) 2 SCC 516 n 974 4 SCC 204 n 684 Ranjit Thakur v. Union of India, Rudul Sah v. State of Bihar, (1983) (1987) 4 SCC 611 n 613 4 SCC 141 n 133, 468 Ranu Hazarika v. State of Assam, Ruli Ram v. State of Haryana, (2002) (2011) 4 SCC 798 n 600 7 SCC 691 n 844, 933 TABLE OF CASES  xciii

Rupa Ashok Hurra v. Ashok Hurra, (2002) 4 S.P. Sampath Kumar v. Union of India, SCC 388 n 444, 629, 650, 672, 1013, 1124 (1987) 1 SCC 124 n 500, 630 Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v. State S. Palani Velayutham v. Collector, of U.P., 1986 (Supp) SCC 517 n 331, 379 (2009) 10 SCC 664 n 649 Rustom Cavasjee Cooper v. Union of India, S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, (1994) 3 (1970) 1 SCC 248 n 14, 135, 479, 752 SCC 1 n 146, 150, 161, 179, 285, 516, 675, 966, 1027, 1030, 1031, 1062, 1191 S.R. Chaudhuri v. State of Punjab, (2001) 7 SCC 126 n 146, 183, 232, 299, 545, 619, 837 S S.R. Ejaz v. T.N. Handloom Weavers’ Coop. Society Ltd., (2002) 3 SCC 137 n 66 S. Abdul Karim v. M.K. Prakash, S.R. Venkataraman v. Union of India, (1976) 1 SCC 975 n 189 (1979) 2 SCC 491 n 750 S. Anbalagan v. B. Devarajan, S.R.Y. Sivaram Prasad Bahadur v. CIT, (1984) 2 SCC 112 n 101 (1971) 3 SCC 726 n 135 S.B. Noronah v. Prem Kumari Khanna, S. Rajaseekaran v. Union of India, (1980) 1 SCC 52 n 237, 829, 971 (2014) 6 SCC 36 n 511 S.B. Patwardhan v. State of Maharashtra, S. Rangarajan v. P. Jagjivan Ram, (1977) 3 SCC 399 n 1036 (1989) 2 SCC 574 n 107, 301 S.D. Bandi v. Karnataka SRTC, S.S. Dhanoa v. MCD, (1981) 3 SCC 431 n 207 n (2013) 12 SCC 631 1167 S. Sethurathinam Pillai v. Barbara, S.D. Bandi v. Karnataka SRTC, (1971) 3 SCC 923 n 1119 n (2011) 15 SCC 746 488 S. Shanmugam Pillai v. K. Shanmugam v. S.D. Joshi High Court of Bombay, Pillai, (1973) 2 SCC 312 n 405 (2011) 1 SCC 252 n 22, 590, 1164 S. Subramaniam Balaji v. State of T.N., S.K. Dasgupta v. Vijay Singh Sengar, (2013) 9 SCC 659 n 603, 744 (2010) 12 SCC 305 n 910 S.V. Kandeakar v. V.M. Deshpande, S.K.G. Sugar Ltd. v. State of Bihar, (1972) 1 SCC 438 n 738 (1974) 4 SCC 827 n 712 Sable Waghire & Co. v. Union of India, S.K. Shukla v. State of U.P., (2006) 1 SCC 314 n 924 (1975) 1 SCC 763 n 688 S. Khushboo v. Kanniammal, (2010) 5 Sachidanand Pandey v. State of W.B., SCC 600 n 38, 777, 1082, 1083 (1987) 2 SCC 295 n 331 S. Kodar v. State of Kerala, (1974) 4 SCC 422 n 1138 Sadhuram Bansal v. Pulin Behari Sarkar, S.L. Goswami (Dr) v. State of M.P., (1984) 3 SCC 410 n 1017 (1972) 3 SCC 22 n 95 v. S.M.D. Kiran Pasha v. Govt. of A.P., Sadiq Bakery State of A.P., 1987 n (1990) 1 SCC 328 n 676, 1001 Supp SCC 440 1137 n S. Mulgaokar, In re, (1978) 3 SCC 339 n 187, Safiya v. Govt. of Kerala, (2003) 7 SCC 46 231 188, 191, 197, 225, 408, 451, 528, 616, 623, Sahara India Real Estate Corpn. Ltd. v. SEBI, 632, 764, 782, 830, 858, 995, 1087, 1165 (2013) 1 SCC 1 n 332, 670, 785, 1033 S.N. Hussain v. State of A.P., (1972) 3 SCC 18 n 267 Sahib Hussain v. State of Rajasthan, S.N. Mukherjee v. Union of India, (2013) 9 SCC 778 n 1046 (1990) 4 SCC 594 n 787 Sahodara Devi v. Govt. of India, S. Nagaraj v. State of Karnataka, 1993 (1972) 3 SCC 156 n 559 Supp (4) SCC 595 n 235, 651 SAIL v. STO, (2008) 9 SCC 407 n 948 S. Narayan Iyer v. Union of India, Salkia Businessmen’s Assn. v. Howrah Municipal (1976) 3 SCC 428 n 946 Corpn., (2001) 6 SCC 688 n 232 S.P. Gupta v. Union of India, 1981 Supp SCC Samaj Parivartana Samudaya v. State of Karnataka, 87 n 28, 147, 161, 162, 166, 171, 237, 306, (2013) 8 SCC 154 n 380, 419, 766 424, 500, 527, 528, 530, 549, 550, 613, 623, Samaj Parivartana Samudaya v. State of 631, 681, 746, 907, 913, 969, 1018, 1054 Karnataka, (2012) 7 SCC 407 n 263, 1007 S.P. Mittal v. Union of India, (1983) 1 SCC Samaresh Bose v. Amal Mitra, 51 n 440, 548, 680, 725, 726, 967, 1064 (1985) 4 SCC 289 n 802 xciv  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Samarias Trading Co. (P) Ltd. v. S. Sarwan Singh v. Kasturi Lal, (1977) Samuel, (1984) 4 SCC 666 n 27 1 SCC 750 n 555, 556 Samatha v. State of A.P., (1997) 8 SCC 191 n 1073 Sarwan Singh v. State of Punjab, Samsher Singh v. State of Punjab, (1974) 2 (1978) 4 SCC 111 n 134 SCC 831 n 31, 159, 171, 178, 416, 490, Satish Kumar Sharma v. Bar Council of 491, 558, 715, 814, 856, 867 1076 H.P., (2001) 2 SCC 365 n 693 Sanath Kumar v. Tahsildar, (2011) 12 SCC 404 n 13 Sat Pal & Co. v. Lt. Governor of Delhi, Sanchit Bansal v. Joint Admission (1979) 4 SCC 232 n 706, 1187 Board, (2012) 1 SCC 157 n 69 Sat Pal v. State of Punjab, (1982) 1 SCC 12 n 150 Sandhya Educational Society v. Union of Satto v. State of U.P., (1979) 2 SCC India, (2014) 7 SCC 701 n 588 628 n 518, 660, 877, 1042 Sanjay Dutt v. CBI, (1994) 5 SCC 410 n 2, 94 Satwara Chhagan Karsan v. State of Sanjay Gandhi v. Union of India, Gujarat, (1969) 3 SCC 203 n 413 (1978) 2 SCC 39 n 1068 Satya Narain v. Dhuja Ram, (1974) 4 SCC 237 n 358 Sanjay Kumar Jain v. State of Delhi, Satya Narayan Tiwari v. State of U.P., (2011) 11 SCC 733 n 326 (2010) 13 SCC 689 n 248 Sanjay Suri v. Delhi Admn., 1988 Saurabh Chaudri v. Union of India, n Supp SCC 160 n 935 (2004) 5 SCC 618 982 Sanjiv Datta, Dy. Secy., Ministry of Saurashtra Cement & Chemical Industries Ltd. v. n Information & Broadcasting, In re, (1995) Union of India, (2001) 1 SCC 91 1097 n 3 SCC 619 n 113, 624, 702, 967, 1014 SBI v. Anju Jain, (2008) 8 SCC 475 133 SEBI v. Sahara India Real Estate Corpn. Sankar Mukherjee v. Union of India, Ltd., (2014) 5 SCC 429 n 751 1990 Supp SCC 668 n 203 Second Gift Tax Officer v. D.H. Nazareth, Sansar Chand v. State of Rajasthan, (1970) 1 SCC 749 n 428 (2010) 10 SCC 604 n 330 Secretary, Govt. of Madras, Home Deptt. v. Zenith Santa Singh v. State of Punjab, (1976) 4 Lamp & Electrical Ltd., (1973) 1 SCC 162 n 441 SCC 190 n 198, 556, 687, 936, 1044 Security & Finance (P) Ltd. v. Dattaraya Sant Longowal Institute of Engg. & Ragav Agge, (1969) 1 SCC 181 n 429 Technology v. Suresh Chandra Verma, Sevaka Perumal v. State of T.N., (2013) 10 SCC 411 n 916, 1117 (1991) 3 SCC 471 n 1040 Santosh Devi v. National Insurance Co. Shabnam Hashmi v. Union of India, n Ltd., (2012) 6 SCC 421 637 (2014) 4 SCC 1 n 460, 609, 1170 Santosh Gupta v. State Bank of Patiala, Shah Babulal Khimji v. Jayaben D. n (1980) 3 SCC 340 990 Kania, (1981) 4 SCC 8 n 60, 680 Santosh Kumar Satishbhushan Bariyar v. State Shahid Balwa v. Union of India, (2014) of Maharashtra, (2009) 6 SCC 498 n 183 2 SCC 687 n 137, 258, 569, 1131 Santosh Kumar Singh v. State, Shah Mathuradas Maganlal & Co. v. Nagappa (2010) 9 SCC 747 n 809 Shankarappa Malage, (1976) 3 SCC 660 n 840 Sant Ram v. Rajindra Lal, (1979) 2 SCC 274 n 683 Shahzada Nand & Sons v. CIT, (1977) Sapmawia v. Dy. Commr., (1970) 2 SCC 399 n 495 3 SCC 432 n 130, 819 Sarah Mathew v. Institute of Cardio Vascular Shaik Hanif v. State of W.B., Diseases, (2014) 2 SCC 62 n 699 (1974) 1 SCC 637 n 866 Saraswati Industrial Syndicate Ltd. v. Union Shaikh Salim Haji Abdul Khayumsab v. of India, (1974) 2 SCC 630 n 238, 751 Kumar, (2006) 1 SCC 46 n 649 Sardar Amarjit Singh Kalra v. Pramod Shakila Abdul Gafar Khan v. Vasant Raghunath Gupta, (2003) 3 SCC 272 n 878 Dhoble, (2003) 7 SCC 749 n 231, 649 Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India, (1995) 3 Shakuntala Bai v. Narayan Das, SCC 635 n 530, 755, 966, 1171 (2004) 5 SCC 772 n 971 Saroj Rani v. Sudarshan Kumar Chadha, Shakuntala Sawhney v. Kaushalya Sawhney, (1984) 4 SCC 90 n 140 (1980) 1 SCC 63 n 597, 682, 897 Sarva Shramik Sangh v. Indian Hume Pipe Shalimar Gas v. India Oil Corpn. Ltd., Co. Ltd., (1993) 2 SCC 386 n 596 (2010) 13 SCC 760 n 671 TABLE OF CASES  xcv

Shalini Shyam Shetty v. Rajendra Shankar Shiv Kirpal Singh v. V.V. Giri, Patil, (2010) 8 SCC 329 n 23 (1970) 2 SCC 567 n 1169 Shambhu Prasad Singh v. Phool Shiv Kumar Sharma v. Haryana SEB, Kumari, (1971) 2 SCC 28 n 40 1988 Supp SCC 669 n 63 Shambu Nath Goyal v. Bank of Baroda, Shiv Kumar Sharma v. Santosh Kumari, (1978) 2 SCC 353 n 531 (2007) 8 SCC 600 n 635 ShamimaFarooqui v. Shahid Khan, Shiv Mohan Singh v. State (Delhi Admn.), (1977) 2 (2015) 5 SCC 705 n 118 SCC 238 n 97, 98, 99, 253, 574, 595, 647, 1047 Sham Lal, In re, (1978) 2 SCC 479 n 594 Shivraj Fine Arts Litho Works v. State Industrial Shankar Dass v. Union of India, Court, (1978) 2 SCC 601 n 1183 (1985) 2 SCC 358 n 642, 657 Shivram A. Shiroor v. Radhabai Shantram Shankar Kisanrao Khade v. State of Maharashtra, Kowshik, (1984) 1 SCC 588 n 548 (2013) 5 SCC 546 n 278, 284, 1056 Shiv Sagar Tiwari v. Union of India, Shankar v. State of T.N., (1994) 4 (1997) 1 SCC 444 n 5, 902 SCC 478 n 105, 106, 774 Shiv Shankar Dal Mills v. State of Haryana, Shanker Raju v. Union of India, (2011) (1980) 2 SCC 437 n 1067 2 SCC 132 n 850, 1097 Shobha Rani v. Madhukar Reddi, Shanti Kumar R. Canji v. Home Insurance Co. (1988) 1 SCC 105 n 267 of New York, (1974) 2 SCC 387 n 1002 Shree Gajanana Motor Transport Co. Ltd. v. Shanti Kumar v. Home Insurance Co. of State of Karnataka, (1977) 1 SCC 37 n 110 New York, (1974) 2 SCC 387 n 1000 Shree Vijay Cotton and Oil Mills Ltd. v. State Shanti Lal Meena v. State (NCT of Delhi), of Gujarat, (1991) 1 SCC 262 n 999 (2015) 6 SCC 185 n 226, 960 Shreya Singhal v. Union of India, (2015) 5 Shantistar Builders v. Narayan Khimalal SCC 1 n 536, 668, 690, 921, 1079, 1080 Totame, (1990) 1 SCC 520 n 730 Shri Chalthan Vibhag Khand Udyog Shanti Vijay & Co. v. Princess Fatima Sahakari Mandli Ltd. v. G.S. Barot, Fouzia, (1979) 4 SCC 602 n 1165 (1979) 4 SCC 622 n 1183 Shashi Aggarwal v. State of U.P., Shri Chand v. State of U.P., (1985) 4 SCC 169 n 9 (1988) 1 SCC 436 n 959 Shri Krishna Singh v. Mathura Ahir, Shashi Bhushan v. Balraj Madhok, (1972) (1981) 3 SCC 689 n 72 4 SCC 594 n 33, 239, 890 Shrilekha Vidyarthi v. State of U.P., (1991) Shatrughan Chauhan v. Union of India, (2014) 3 1 SCC 212 n 68, 404, 918, 842, 1099 SCC 1 n 278, 460, 461, 603, 763, 764, 808 Shri Morvi Sarvajanik Kelavni Mandal Sanchalit Sheela Barse v. Children’s Aid Society, MSKM BEd College v. National Council for (1987) 3 SCC 50 n 117 Teachers’ Education, (2012) 2 SCC 16 n 939 Sheela Barse v. State of Maharashtra, Shri Navakesari Prakashan Ltd. v. ESI (1983) 2 SCC 96 n 679, 697 Corpn., (1984) 4 SCC 627 n 857 Sheela Barse v. Union of India, (1988) Shripad Gajanan Suthankar v. D.K. 4 SCC 226 n 26, 116, 623 Suthankar, (1974) 2 SCC 156 n 505 Sheonandan Paswan v. State of Bihar, (1987) Shri Prithvi Cotton Mills Ltd. v. Broach Borough 1 SCC 288 n 219, 263, 317, 424 Municipality, (1969) 2 SCC 283 n 714 Sheo Nath Singh v. Appellate CIT, Shri Sitaram Sugar Co. Ltd. v. Union of (1972) 3 SCC 234 n 950 India, (1990) 3 SCC 223 n 806, 940 Sher Singh v. State of Punjab, (1983) Shub Karan Bubna v. Sita Saran Bubna, 2 SCC 344 n 12, 280 (2009) 9 SCC 689 n 617 Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee v. Shyamaraju Hegde v. U. Venkatesha Som Nath Dass, (2000) 4 SCC 146 n 438 Bhat, 1987 Supp SCC 321 n 852 Shivajirao Nilangekar Patil v. Mahesh Madhav Shyam Behari Lal v. Lala Jageshwar Gosavi, (1987) 1 SCC 227 n 773, 917 Prasad, (1970) 3 SCC 591 n 978 Shivaji Sahabrao Bobade v. State of Maharashtra, Shyam Narain Pandey v. State of U.P., (1973) 2 SCC 793 n 435, 862, 890 (2014) 8 SCC 909 n 1134 Shiv Charan Singh v. Chandra Bhan Shyam Narain v. State (NCT of Delhi), Singh, (1988) 2 SCC 12 n 1181 (2013) 7 SCC 77 n 942, 1194, 1195 xcvi  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Shyam Sunder v. State of Rajasthan, Sri Bhavanarayanaswamivari Temple v. (1974) 1 SCC 690 n 977 Vadapalli Venkata Bhavanarayanacharyulu, Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State (1970) 1 SCC 673 n 978 of Maharashtra, (2011) 1 SCC 694 n Sri Gangai Vinayagar Temple v. Meenakshi 72, 80, 463, 718, 728, 732, 795 Ammal, (2015) 3 SCC 624 n 877 Sidhharth Viyas v. Ravi Nath Misra, Sri Krishan Das v. Town Area Committee, (2015) 2 SCC 701 n 970 (1990) 3 SCC 645 n 1137 Siemens Ltd. v. Siemens Employees Union, Sri Krishna Khanna v. ADM, (2011) 9 SCC 775 n 662, 663, 1159 (1975) 2 SCC 361 n 700 Sindhi Education Society v. Govt. (NCT of Sri Radhakanta Deb v. Commr. of Hindu Religious Delhi), (2010) 8 SCC 49 n 172, 947, 1029 Endowments, (1981) 2 SCC 226 n 517 Sirsi Municipality v. Cecelia Kom Francis Sri Sri Kalimata Thakurani v. Union of Tellis, (1973) 1 SCC 409 n 240 India, (1981) 2 SCC 283 n 169 Sital Prasad Saxena v. Union of India, Sri Srinivasa Theatre v. Govt. of T.N., (1985) 1 SCC 163 n 547 (1992) 2 SCC 643 n 1143 Sita Ram Bishambhar Dayal v. State of U.P., St. John’s Teachers Training Institute v. State (1972) 4 SCC 485 n 128, 1139, 1140 of T.N., (1993) 3 SCC 595 n 340, 1176 Sk. Salim v. State of W.B., (1975) 1 SCC 653 n 557 St. Stephen’s College v. University of Delhi, Society for Unaided Private Schools of (1992) 1 SCC 558 n 767, 1031 Rajasthan v. Union of India, (2012) 6 SCC Standard Chartered Bank v. Dharminder 1 n 51, 175, 335, 344, 348, 349, 452, 461, Bhohi, (2013) 15 SCC 341 n 4 541, 811, 846, 956, 998, 1074, 1113 Star Enterprises v. City and Development Corpn. Sodan Singh v. New Delhi Municipal of Maharashtra Ltd., (1990) 3 SCC 280 n 612 Committee, (1989) 4 SCC 155 n 720 State (Delhi Admn.) v. Laxman Kumar, Sohan Lal Naraindas v. Laxmidas Raghunath (1985) 4 SCC 476 n 755 Gadit, (1971) 1 SCC 276 n 724 State (NCT of Delhi) v. Navjot Sandhu, Somaiya Organics (India) Ltd. v. Board of (2005) 11 SCC 600 n 125, 247, 1152 Revenue, (1986) 1 SCC 351 n 198 State, Govt. of NCT of Delhi v. Sunil, Somnath Sahu v. State of Orissa, (2001) 1 SCC 652 n 832 (1969) 3 SCC 384 n 503 State Bank of India v. Mohd. Mynuddin, Som Nath v. State of Haryana, (1987) 4 SCC 486 n 887 (1980) 3 SCC 301 n 477 State Bank of Patiala v. S.K. Sharma, Som Prakash Rekhi v. Union of India, (1996) 3 SCC 364 n 656 (1981) 1 SCC 449 n 1187 State of A.P. v. Balajangam Subbarajamma, Som Prakash v. State of Delhi, (1974) (1989) 1 SCC 193 n 720 4 SCC 84 n 93, 1190 State of A.P. v. Bodem Sundara Rao, Sonia Bhatia v. State of U.P., (1995) 6 SCC 230 n 249 (1981) 2 SCC 585 n 478 State of A.P. v. I.B.S. Prasada Rao, South-Eastern Coalfields Ltd. v. Prem Kumar (1969) 3 SCC 896 n 1131 Sharma, (2007) 14 SCC 508 n 404 State of A.P. v. P.V. Pavithran, South Central Rly. v. A.V.R. Siddhantti, (1990) 2 SCC 340 n 571 (1974) 4 SCC 335 n 163, 953 State of A.P. v. Polamala Raju, Southern Pharmaceuticals & Chemicals v. (2000) 6 SCC 75 n 1040 State of Kerala, (1981) 4 SCC 391 n 440 State of Assam v. P.C. Mishra, 1995 Special Courts Bill, 1978, In re, Supp (4) SCC 139 n 905 (1979) 1 SCC 380 n 251 State of Assam v. S.N. Sen, (1971) Special Reference No. 1 of 2002, In re, 2 SCC 889 n 64, 888 (Gujarat Assembly Election matter), State of Bihar v. Bhagirath Sharma, (2002) 8 SCC 237 n 298, 327, 364 (1973) 2 SCC 257 n 438 Spences Hotel (P) Ltd. v. State of W.B., State of Bihar v. J.A.C. Saldanha, (1991) 2 SCC 154 n 1137 (1980) 1 SCC 554 n 1132 Sreenivasa General Traders v. State of State of Bihar v. Kamla Kant Misra, A.P., (1983) 4 SCC 353 n 999 (1969) 3 SCC 337 n 957 TABLE OF CASES  xcvii

State of Bihar v. Kamlesh Jain, 1993 State of Karnataka v. Krishnappa, Supp (2) SCC 300 n 607 (2000) 4 SCC 75 n 583, 944 State of Bihar v. Kripalu Shankar, State of Karnataka v. L. Muniswam, (1987) 3 SCC 34 n 799 (1977) 2 SCC 699 n 646 State of Bihar v. Murad Ali Khan, State of Karnataka v. M. Farida, (1988) 4 SCC 655 n 379 (1976) 4 SCC 153 n 827 State of Bihar v. P.P. Sharma, 1992 Supp State of Karnataka v. Puttaraja, (2004) (1) SCC 222 n 34, 260, 570 1 SCC 475 n 230, 649 State of Bihar v. Radha Krishna Singh, State of Karnataka v. Shri Ranganatha Reddy, (1983) 3 SCC 118 n 512 (1977) 4 SCC 471 n 147, 554, 595, 624, State of Gujarat v. Anirudhsing, 632, 634, 706, 782, 925, 926, 1070 (1997) 6 SCC 514 n 121 State of Karnataka v. Umadevi (3), (2006) State of Gujarat v. Hon’ble High Court of 4 SCC 1 n 421, 649, 901, 1126 Gujarat, (1998) 7 SCC 392 n 655, 760, 1178 State of Karnataka v. Union of India, (1977) 4 SCC State of Gujarat v. R.A. Mehta, (2013) 3 608 n 130, 131, 154, 166, 168, 180, 479, 518, SCC 1 n 112, 214, 480, 747, 748 553, 707, 722, 766, 999, 1000, 1100, 1104, 1172 State of Gujarat v. Shri Ambica Mills Ltd., State of Karnataka v. Y. Moideen Kunhi, (1974) 4 SCC 656 n 127, 470, 689, 1105 (2009) 13 SCC 192 n 736 State of Gujarat v. Vaghela Dayabhai State of Kerala v. K.T. Shaduli Grocery n Chaturbhai, (1980) 3 SCC 318 90 Dealer, (1977) 2 SCC 777 n 266, 790 State of H.P. v. H.P. State Recognised & State of Kerala v. Kurian Abraham (P) Aided Schools Managing Committees, Ltd., (2008) 3 SCC 582 n 1141 (1995) 4 SCC 507 n 339 State of Kerala v. M.K. Krishnan Nair, State of H.P. v. Lekh Raj, (2000) 1 SCC 247 n 414 (1978) 1 SCC 552 n 928 State of H.P. v. Umed Ram Sharma, State of Kerala v. N.M. Thomas, (1976) 2 SCC 310n (1986) 2 SCC 68 n 603 147, 387, 396, 398, 399, 402, 557, 898, 952, 1063 State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal, 1992 State of Kerala v. Parent Teacher Assn. SNVUP Supp (1) SCC 335 n 218, 1123 School, (2013) 2 SCC 705 n 1145 State of Haryana v. Chanan Mal, State of Kerala v. T.P. Roshana, (1977) 1 SCC 340 n 556, 1111 (1979) 1 SCC 572 n 1199 State of Haryana v. Darshana Devi, State of Kerela v. T.M. Peter, (1979) 2 SCC 236 n 1018, 1093 (1980) 3 SCC 554 n 681 State of Haryana v. Haryana Coop. Transport Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 271 n 590 State of M.P. v. Bablu, (2014) 9 n State of Haryana v. Inder Prakash SCC 281 252, 1038 n Anand, (1976) 2 SCC 977 n 316 State of M.P. v. Babulal, (2008) 1 SCC 234 248 State of Haryana v. Jagdish, (2010) 4 SCC 216 n 719 State of M.P. v. Babu Lal, (1977) 2 SCC 435 n 109 State of Haryana v. Mukesh Kumar, (2011) State of M.P. v. Bala, (2005) 8 SCC 1: 10 SCC 404 n 39, 831, 833, 893 2005 SCC (Cri) 1947 n 932, 944 State of Haryana v. Rattan Singh, State of M.P. v. Bhooraji, (2001) 7 SCC 679 n 672 (1977) 2 SCC 491 n 410, 790 State of M.P. v. Chhotabhai Jethabhai Patel State of Haryana v. S.J. Bahadur, & Co., (1972) 1 SCC 209 n 771 (1972) 2 SCC 188 n 56 State of M.P. v. Dadabhoy’s New State of J&K v. Triloki Nath Khosa, (1974) 1 Chirimiri Ponri Hill Colliery Co. (P) SCC 19 n 128, 319, 396, 400, 481, 654 Ltd., (1972) 1 SCC 298 n 559 State of Jharkhand v. Harihar Yadav, (2014) State of M.P. v. Ghanshyam Singh, (2003) 2 SCC 114 n 177, 480, 774, 1107 8 SCC 13 n 1033, 1040, 1048 State of Karnataka v. Appa Balu Ingale, 1995 State of M.P. v. Munna Choubey, Supp (4) SCC 469 n 300, 583, 585, 620 (2005) 2 SCC 710 n 944 State of Karnataka v. Janthakal Enterprises, State of M.P. v. Nandlal Jaiswal, (2011) 6 SCC 695 n 229, 1091, 1199 (1986) 4 SCC 566 n 285 State of Karnataka v. K. Govindappa, State of M.P. v. Orient Paper Mills Ltd., (2009) 1 SCC 1 n 980 (1977) 2 SCC 77 n 609, 892 xcviii  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

State of M.P. v. Pradeep Kumar, State of Maharashtra v. Prabhu, (2000) 7 SCC 372 n 233 (1994) 2 SCC 481 n 500 State of M.P. v. Ramashanker Raghuvanshi, State of Maharashtra v. Salvation Army, (1983) 2 SCC 145 n 838 (1975) 1 SCC 509 n 1138 State of M.P. v. Ram Singh, (2000) 5 SCC 88 n 218 State of Maharashtra v. Sarangdharsingh State of M.P. v. S.S. Akolkar, Shivdassingh Chavan, (2011) 1 SCC 577 n (1996) 2 SCC 568 n 927 114, 394, 438, 439, 458, 581, 777, 918, 1010 State of M.P. v. Shri Ram Ragubir Prasad State of Maharashtra v. Super Max International Agarwal, (1979) 4 SCC 686 n 604, 683, 1135 (P) Ltd., (2009) 9 SCC 772 n 671 State of M.P. v. Shyamsunder Trivedi, State of Maharashtra v. V.T. Umale, (1995) 4 SCC 262 n 270 (1979) 4 SCC 23 n 1154 State of M.P. v. Surendra Singh, (2015) State of Maharashtra v. Vikas Sahebrao 1 SCC 222 n 1037, 1045 Roundale, (1992) 4 SCC 435 n 1145 State of Maharashtra v. ARK Builders State of Mysore v. C.R. Sheshadri, (P) Ltd., (2011) 4 SCC 616 n 542 (1974) 4 SCC 308 n 602 State of Maharashtra v. Balakrishna Dattatrya State of Mysore v. Fakkrusab Babusab n Kumbhar, (2012) 12 SCC 384 n 215 Karanandi, (1977) 1 SCC 666 556 State of Maharashtra v. Bharat Chaganlal State of Mysore v. R.V. Bidap, n Raghani, (2001) 9 SCC 1 n 246 (1974) 3 SCC 337 558 State of Orissa v. Harinarayan Jaiswal, State of Maharashtra v. Bhaurao Punjabrao (1972) 2 SCC 36 n 485, 1158 Gawande, (2008) 3 SCC 613 n 465 State of Orissa v. Mamata Mohanty, State of Maharashtra v. Central Provinces Manganese (2011) 3 SCC 436 n 336, 1010 Ore Co. Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 643 n 1118 State of Orissa v. Orient Paper & Industries State of Maharashtra v. Champalal Punjaji Ltd., (1999) 3 SCC 566 n 743 Shah, (1981) 3 SCC 610 n 261, 289 State of Punjab v. Ajaib Singh, (1995) State of Maharashtra v. Chandrabhan Tale, 2 SCC 486 n 249, 1092, 1154 (1983) 3 SCC 387 n 350, 896, 902 State of Punjab v. Amar Singh, (1974) State of Maharashtra v. Chandraprakash 2 SCC 70 n 417, 1054 Kewalchand Jain, (1990) 1 SCC 550 n 77, 1192 State of Punjab v. Associated Hotels of India State of Maharashtra v. Dadamiya Babumiya Ltd., (1972) 1 SCC 472 n 1024 n Sheikh, (1972) 3 SCC 85 1130, 1132 State of Punjab v. Baldev Singh, (1999) 6 State of Maharashtra v. Dr Budhikota SCC 172 n 327, 606, 760, 933, 934 n Subbarao, (1993) 2 SCC 71 1109 State of Punjab v. Bhag Singh, State of Maharashtra v. Goraksha Ambaji (2004) 1 SCC 547 n 949 Adsul, (2011) 7 SCC 437 n 279 State of Punjab v. Bhajan Singh, State of Maharashtra v. Indian Hotel & (2001) 3 SCC 565 n 364 Restaurants Assn., (2013) 8 SCC 519 n 277, State of Punjab v. Devans Modern Breweries Ltd., 383, 598, 669, 728, 861, 899, 951, 1194 (2004) 11 SCC 26 n 543, 544, 1013, 1073 State of Maharashtra v. Mahadeo Deoman State of Punjab v. Dewan Chuni Lal, Rai, (1990) 3 SCC 579 n 796 (1970) 1 SCC 479 n 955 State of Maharashtra v. Mahesh G. State of Punjab v. Geeta Iron & Brass Jain, (2013) 8 SCC 119 n 214 Works Ltd., (1978) 1 SCC 68 n 70 State of Maharashtra v. Mangilal, State of Punjab v. Gurdial Singh, (1980) (2009) 15 SCC 418 n 648 2 SCC 471 n 129, 425, 457, 699 State of Maharashtra v. Manubhai Pragaji State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh, Vashi, (1995) 5 SCC 730 n 339 (1996) 2 SCC 384 n 208 State of Maharashtra v. Mohd. Yakub, State of Punjab v. Karnail Singh, (2003) (1980) 3 SCC 57 n 252, 1059 11 SCC 271 n 89, 672, 954 State of Maharashtra v. Narayan Rao, State of Punjab v. Khan Chand, (1974) 1 SCC (1985) 2 SCC 321 n 504 549 n 51, 318, 388, 428, 903, 1199 State of Maharashtra v. Nasimkhan Ahmad State of Punjab v. Prem Sukhida, Khan Mali Khan, (1970) 2 SCC 454 n 1069 (1977) 2 SCC 774 n 565 TABLE OF CASES  xcix

State of Punjab v. Rafiq Masih, (2015) State of U.P. v. Kapil Deo Shukla, 4 SCC 334 n 406, 1108 (1972) 3 SCC 504 n 202 State of Punjab v. Raja Ram, (1981) State of U.P. v. Kores (India) Ltd., 2 SCC 66 n 207, 485 (1976) 4 SCC 477 n 566 State of Punjab v. Saurabh Bakshi, (2015) 5 State of U.P. v. Krishna Gopal, SCC 182 n 640, 692, 725, 945, 946 (1988) 4 SCC 302 n 678 State of Punjab v. Shamlal Murari, State of U.P. v. Lalai Singh Yadav, (1976) (1976) 1 SCC 719 n 879 4 SCC 213 n 451, 1032, 1088 State of Punjab v. Shiv Ram, (2005) 7 SCC 1 n 762 State of U.P. v. Maharaja Dharmander State of Rajasthan v. Dr Ashok Kumar Singh, (1989) 2 SCC 509 n 840 Gupta, (1989) 1 SCC 93 n 395 State of U.P. v. Munesh, (2012) 9 SCC 742 n 248 State of Rajasthan v. Kheraj Ram, State of U.P. v. Naushad, (2013) 16 SCC 651 n 1056 (2003) 8 SCC 224 n 512, 1040 State of U.P. v. Nawab Hussian, State of Rajasthan v. Mohan Lal Vyas, (1977) 2 SCC 806 n 408 (1971) 3 SCC 705 n 776 State of U.P. v. Pawan Kumar Divedi, State of Rajasthan v. Shambhu Kewat, (2014) 9 SCC 692 n 344, 1106 (2014) 4 SCC 149 n 257, 262 State of U.P. v. Pradhan Sangh Kshettra n State of Rajasthan v. Shamsher Singh, Samiti, 1995 Supp (2) SCC 305 311 1985 Supp SCC 416 n 823 State of U.P. v. Pradip Tandon, (1975) n State of Rajasthan v. Surendra Mohnot, 1 SCC 267 125, 127 (2014) 14 SCC 77 n 42 State of U.P. v. Ram Sajivan, (2010) 1 SCC 529 n 100 State of Rajasthan v. Union of India, (1977) 3 State of U.P. v. Ram Swarup, (1974) SCC 592 n 7, 82, 113, 147, 152, 174, 225, 303, 4 SCC 764 n 60, 246, 874 304, 322, 440, 483, 485, 702, 844, 1107, 1188 State of U.P. v. Satish, (2005) 3 SCC 114: State of T.N. v. Adhiyaman Educational & 2005 SCC (Cri) 642 n 770, 944 Research Institute, (1995) 4 SCC 104 n 339 State of U.P. v. Sayed Abdul Jalil, State of T.N. v. K. Shyam Sunder, (2011) 8 SCC (1973) 2 SCC 26 n 897 737 n 335, 343, 345, 392, 1009, 1101 State of U.P. v. Shambhu Nath Singh, State of T.N. v. Kodaikanal Motor Union (2001) 4 SCC 667 n 16, 630 (P) Ltd., (1986) 3 SCC 91 n 547, 630 State of U.P. v. Shyam Lal Sharma, v. State of T.N. Sitolakshmi Mills, (1971) 2 SCC 514 n 136 n (1974) 4 SCC 408 1142 State of U.P. v. U.P. State Law Officers State of T.N. v. State of Kerala, (2014) Assn., (1994) 2 SCC 204 n 63, 905 n 12 SCC 696 172, 1049 State of Uttaranchal v. Shiv Charan Singh State of U.P. v. Anil Singh, 1988 Bhandari, (2013) 12 SCC 179 n 383, 735 Supp SCC 686 n 576 State of Uttaranchal v. Sunil Kumar Vaish, State of U.P. v. Batuk Deo Pati Tripathi, (2011) 8 SCC 670 n 580, 599 (1978) 2 SCC 102 n 34, 594, 855 State of W.B. v. Atul Krishna Shaw, State of U.P. v. Chhotey Lal, (2011) 2 1991 Supp (1) SCC 414 n 26 SCC 550 n 259, 944, 1091, 1153 State of W.B. v. Committee for Protection of State of U.P. v. Dr Anupam Gupta, Democratic Rights, (2010) 3 SCC 571 n 145, 1993 Supp (1) SCC 594 n 37 150, 183, 242, 464, 514, 611, 733, 1120, 1131 State of U.P. v. Hari Shankar Tewari, State of W.B. v. Jugal Kishore More, (1987) 2 SCC 490 n 921 (1969) 1 SCC 440 n 431 State of U.P. v. Hindustan Aluminium Corpn., State of W.B. v. Mir Mohammad Omar, (1979) 3 SCC 229 n 80, 712, 1117 (2000) 8 SCC 382 n 569 State of U.P. v. J.P. Chaurasia, Statesman Ltd. v. Workmen, (1976) (1989) 1 SCC 121 n 1099 2 SCC 223 n 138, 534 State of U.P. v. Jageshwar, (1983) 2 SCC 305 n 93 State v. K.V. Rajendran, (2008) 8 SCC 673 n 844 State of U.P. v. Jai Bir Singh, (2005) 5 SCC 1 n 671 State v. Nalini, (1999) 5 SCC 253 n 279 State of U.P. v. Jeet S. Bisht, (2007) 6 SCC Sterling Computers Ltd. v. M & N Publications 586 n 779, 843, 1052, 1053, 1124, 1125 Ltd., (1993) 1 SCC 445 n 199, 202, 285, 905 c  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd. v. Union Sundarjas Kanyalal Bhatija v. Collector, of India, (2013) 4 SCC 575 n 904 Thane, (1989) 3 SCC 396 n 613, 677 STO v. Ajit Mills Ltd., (1977) 4 SCC 98 n Sunder Dass v. Ram Prakash, 7, 130, 176, 238, 553, 684, 1174, 1188 (1977) 2 SCC 662 n 992 STO v. B.C. Kame, Proprietor Kame Photo Sunil Batra (II) v. Delhi Admn., (1980) Studio, (1977) 1 SCC 634 n 204 3 SCC 488 n 244, 271, 272, 511, 572, Straw Board Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. Workmen, 587, 645, 681, 682, 871, 872, 1046 (1977) 2 SCC 329 n 491, 590, 599, Sunil Batra v. Delhi Admn., (1978) 4 SCC 685, 694, 743, 1068, 1077 494 n 6, 173, 272, 451, 484, 515, 551, 609, Sub-Committee on Judicial Accountability v. 632, 683, 684, 746, 869, 870, 914, 1075 Union of India, (1991) 4 SCC 699 n 167 Sunil Damodar Gaikwad v. State of Sub-Divisional Officer v. Shambhoo Narain Maharashtra, (2014) 1 SCC 129 n 606 Singh, (1969) 1 SCC 825 n 845 Sunil Dutt Sharma v. State (Govt. of NCT of Sub-Inspector Rooplal v. Lt. Governor, Delhi) (2014) 4 SCC 375 n 735, 1046 (2000) 1 SCC 644 n 851 Sunil Kumar Pal v. Phota Sk., Subal Ghorai v. State of W.B., (1984) 4 SCC 533 n 27 (2013) 4 SCC 607 n 1056 Sunil Kumar v. Ram Parkash, Subhash Chander v. State (Chandigarh Admn.), (1988) 2 SCC 77 n 504 n (1980) 2 SCC 155 19, 29, 645, 925, 930 Supdt. & Remembrancer of Legal Affairs v. Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, S.K. Roy, (1974) 4 SCC 230 n 254 n (1991) 1 SCC 598 912 Supdt. & Remembrancer of Legal Affairs v. Subhash Sharma v. Union of India, 1991 Abani Maity, (1979) 4 SCC 85 n 551, 563 Supp (1) SCC 574 n 622, 704 Superintendence Co. of India v. Krishan Subramanian Swamy v. Arun Shourie, Murgai, (1981) 2 SCC 246 n 203, 549 (2014) 12 SCC 344 n 241 Superstar Education Society v. State of Subramanian Swamy v. CBI, (2014) 8 Maharashtra, (2008) 3 SCC 315 n 338, 1102 SCC 682 n 126, 213, 214, 257, 383, Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Assn. 810, 916, 1005, 1006, 1177 v. Union of India, (1993) 4 SCC 441 n Subramanian Swamy v. Manmohan Singh, 26, 146, 526, 578, 616, 621, 654, 1121 (2012) 3 SCC 64 n 122, 215 Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee v. Subrata Roy Sahara v. Union of India, (2014) 8 Union of India, (1989) 2 SCC 325 n 116 SCC 470 n 8, 9, 21, 71, 192, 209, 243, 315, 322, 443, 454, 567, 579, 591, 610, 801, 960, 1128 Supreme Court of India v. Subhash Chandra n Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Admn., Agrawal, (2011) 1 SCC 496 172, 542, 996 (2009) 9 SCC 1 n 855, 975 Supt. (Tech I) Central Excise v. Pratap n Sudha v. Chennai Advocate Assn., (2010) Rai, (1978) 3 SCC 113 855, 1116 14 SCC 114 n 44, 701, 882 Supt. of Post Offices v. P.K. Rajamma, Sudhir Kumar Saha v. Commr. of (1977) 3 SCC 94 n 49, 841 Police, (1970) 1 SCC 149 n 452 Suraj Pal Sahu v. State of Maharashtra, Sudhir Kumar v. Baldev Krishna Thapar, (1986) 4 SCC 378 n 749 (1969) 3 SCC 611 n 695 Suraj Prakash Bhasin v. Raj Rani Sukhdev Singh v. Bhagatram, (1975) 1 SCC Bhasin, (1981) 3 SCC 652 n 51 421 n 203, 426, 688, 706, 1100 Surendra Pal v. Saraswati Arora, Suman Gupta v. State of J&K, (1974) 2 SCC 600 n 1191 (1983) 4 SCC 339 n 1017 Suresh Chandra Bahri v. State of Bihar, Sumedha Nagpal v. State of Delhi, 1995 Supp (1) SCC 80 n 1049 (2000) 9 SCC 745 n 115 Suresh Chandra Nanhorya v. Rajendra Sumer Singh v. Surajbhan Singh, Rajak, (2006) 7 SCC 800 n 785 (2014) 7 SCC 323 n 227 Suresh Gupta (Dr) v. Govt. (NCT of Sumtibai v. Paras Finance Co., Delhi), (2004) 6 SCC 422 n 761 (2007) 10 SCC 82 n 123 Suresh v. State of Haryana, (2015) 2 SCC 227 n 226 Suna Ullah Butt v. State of J&K, Surinder Singh Brar v. Union of India, (1973) 3 SCC 60 n 867 (2013) 1 SCC 403 n 481 TABLE OF CASES  ci

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Tinsukhia Electric Supply Co. v. State of Unichem Laboratories Ltd. v. Workmen, Assam, (1989) 3 SCC 709 n 895 (1972) 3 SCC 552 n 533 Tirupati Balaji Developers (P) Ltd. v. State Union Carbide Corpn. v. Union of India, of Bihar, (2004) 5 SCC 1 n 24, 129 (1991) 4 SCC 584 n 242, 1155 Transport & Dock Workers Union v. Mumbai Port Union Carbide Corpn. v. Union of Trust, (2011) 2 SCC 575 n 17, 389, 606, 671 India, (1989) 3 SCC 38 n 653 Triveniben v. State of Gujarat, Union of India v. A. Durairaj, (2010) 14 SCC (1989) 1 SCC 678 n 279 389: (2011) 2 SCC (L&S) 542 n 1135 Trustees of Port of Bombay v. Premier Automobiles Union of India v. Ajeet Singh, Ltd., (1974) 4 SCC 710 n 689, 738, 961 (2013) 4 SCC 186 n 670 Tukaram Kana Joshi v. MIDC, (2013) Union of India v. Amrit Lal Manchanda, 1 SCC 353 n 383, 893 (2004) 3 SCC 75 n 543, 802 Union of India v. Anil Kumar, (1999) 5 SCC 743 n 124 Union of India v. Assn. for Democratic Reforms, (2002) 5 SCC 294 n 306, 338, 363, 996, 997 U Union of India v. Bhanudas Krishna Gawde, n U.P. Financial Coprn. v. Gem Cap (India) (1977) 1 SCC 834 470, 864 (P) Ltd., (1993) 2 SCC 299 n 436 Union of India v. C.S. Sidhu, n U.P. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan v. State (2010) 4 SCC 563 287 of U.P., (2014) 9 SCC 716 n 691 Union of India v. Col. J.N. Sinha, (1970) 2 SCC 458 n 792 U.P. Pollution Control Board v. Dr Bhupendra Union of India v. Cynamide India Ltd., Kumar Modi, (2009) 2 SCC 147 n 377 (1987) 2 SCC 720 n 705, 868, 885 U.P. Power Corpn. Ltd. v. Rajesh Kumar, Union of India v. D.N. Revri & Co., (2012) 7 SCC 1 n 600, 979 (1976) 4 SCC 147 n 201 U.P. Power Corpn. Ltd. v. Sant Steels & Alloys Union of India v. Datta Linga Toshatwad, (P) Ltd., (2008) 2 SCC 777 n 1103 (2005) 13 SCC 709 n 307 U.P. Sales Tax Service Assn. v. Taxation Bar Union of India v. Elphinstone Spinning and Assn., (1995) 5 SCC 716 n 45, 234 Weaving Co. Ltd., (2001) 3 SCC 139 n 582 U.P. SEB v. Hari Shankar Jain, Union of India v. G.K. Apte, n (1978) 4 SCC 16 351 (1971) 3 SCC 460 n 653 n U.P. SRTC v. Mohd. Ismail, (1991) 3 SCC 239 928 Union of India v. Godfrey Philips U.P. State Agro Industrial Corpn. Ltd. v. Kisan India, (1985) 4 SCC 369 n 886 n Upbhokta Parishad, (2007) 13 SCC 246 542 Union of India v. Gopal Chandra Misra, U.P. State Brassware Corpn. Ltd. v. Uday Narain (1978) 2 SCC 301 n 528, 594, 923, 987 Pandey, (2006) 1 SCC 479 n 78, 532 Union of India v. Hindustan Development U.P. State Electricity Board v. Hari Shankar Corpn., (1993) 3 SCC 499 n 429 Jain, (1978) 4 SCC 16 n 314 Union of India v. International Trading Co., U.P. State Sugar Corpn. Ltd. v. Karamchari (2003) 5 SCC 437 n 66, 395, 905, 949 Assn., (1995) 4 SCC 276 n 123 Union of India v. J. Ahmed, (1979) 2 SCC 286 n 772 Udaipal Singh v. State of U.P., Union of India v. Jyoti Chit Fund and (1972) 4 SCC 142 n 120 Finance, (1976) 3 SCC 607 n 633, 879 Udayan Chinubhai v. R.C. Bali, Union of India v. K.P. Joseph, (1977) 4 SCC 309 n 565 (1973) 1 SCC 194 n 35 Udho Dass v. State of Haryana, Union of India v. K.R. Tahilani, (2010) 12 SCC 51 n 665 (1980) 3 SCC 309 n 1148 Uma Devi Nambiar v. T.C. Sidhan, Union of India v. Kirloskar Pneumatic (2004) 2 SCC 321 n 492 Co. Ltd., (1996) 4 SCC 453 n 502 Umaji Keshao Meshram v. Radhikabai, Union of India v. Kuldeep Singh, 1986 (Supp) SCC 401 n 520 (2004) 2 SCC 590 n 1039 Ummu Sabeena v. State of Kerala, Union of India v. M.L. Capoor, (2011) 10 SCC 781 n 493 (1973) 2 SCC 836 n 764 TABLE OF CASES  ciii

Union of India v. M.P. Singh, 1990 Unni Krishnan v. State of A.P., (1993) Supp SCC 701 n 653 1 SCC 645 n 340, 875 Union of India v. Madras Bar Assn., (2010) UPSC v. Girish Jayanti Lal Vaghela, 11 SCC 1 n 403, 520, 525, 1010, 1164 (2006) 2 SCC 482 n 64 Union of India v. Mohanlal, (2012) 7 SCC 712 n 2 Urban Improvement Trust, Bikaner v. Union of India v. Moksh Builders and Mohan Lal, (2010) 1 SCC 512 n 457 Financers Ltd., (1977) 1 SCC 60 n 95 Urmila Devi v. Yudhvir Singh, (2013) Union of India v. Motion Picture Assn., 15 SCC 624 n 3, 903 (1999) 6 SCC 150 n 77, 1083 Usha Bharti v. State of U.P., (2014) 7 Union of India v. Naveen Jindal, SCC 663 n 152, 846, 1122 (2004) 2 SCC 510 n 145 Usman Gani J. Khatri of Bombay v. Cantonment Union of India v. Orient Engg. & Commercial Board, (1992) 3 SCC 455 n 829 Co. Ltd., (1978) 1 SCC 10 n 425 Utkal Contractors & Joinery (P) Ltd. v. State Union of India v. Playworld Electronics of Orissa, (1987) 3 SCC 279 n 561 (P) Ltd., (1989) 3 SCC 181 n 1137 Uttaranchal Road Transport Corpn. v. Mansaram Union of India v. Raghubir Singh, (1989) 2 Nainwal, (2006) 6 SCC 366 n 850, 851 SCC 754 n 574, 598, 622, 677, 738, 852 Union of India v. Rajiv Kumar, (2003) 6 SCC 516 n 103, 1113, 1197 Union of India v. Ramachandra Sambhaji V Kandekar, (1981) 1 SCC 4 n 549 Union of India v. Raman Iron Foundry, V.C. Rangadurai v. D. Gopalan, (1974) 2 SCC 231 n 276 (1979) 1 SCC 308 n 935 Union of India v. Ranbaxy Laboratories V.K. Jain v. High Court of Delhi, (2008) 17 Ltd., (2008) 7 SCC 502 n 561 SCC 538 n 525, 589, 627, 628, 1120, 1121 Union of India v. S.K. Sharma, V.P. Gidroniya v. State of M.P., (1987) 3 SCC 490 n 386 (1970) 1 SCC 362 n 1133 Union of India v. S.P. Anand, V.S. Achuthanandan v. P.J. Francis, (1998) 6 SCC 466 n 1200 (1999) 3 SCC 737 n 365 Union of India v. S.P. Sharma, (2014) V. Tulasamma v. Sesha Reddy, 6 SCC 351 n 443, 848, 1097 (1977) 3 SCC 99 n 506 Union of India v. Sankalchand Himatlal Sheth, Vajresh Venkatray Anvekar v. State of (1977) 4 SCC 193 n 7, 31, 179, 426, 529, 565, Karnataka, (2013) 3 SCC 462 n 247, 758 577, 585, 587, 595, 614, 625, 632, 1162 Valsamma Paul v. Cochin University, Union of India v. Satish Chandra Sharma, (1980) (1996) 3 SCC 545 n 1030 2 SCC 144 n 194, 196, 645, 682, 935 Vanguard Rolling Shutters and Steel Works Union of India v. Sunil Kumar Ghosh, v. CST, (1977) 2 SCC 250 n 200 (1984) 4 SCC 246 n 10 Variety Emporium v. V.R.M. Mohd. Ibrahim Union of India v. Tulsiram Patel, (1985) Naina, (1985) 1 SCC 251 n 592 3 SCC 398 n 68, 788, 906 Vasanta Sampat Dupare v. State of Maharashtra, Union of India v. W.N. Chadha, 1993 (2015) 1 SCC 253 n 942, 1037 Supp (4) SCC 260 n 75, 244 Vasudeo Vishwanath Saraf v. New Education United Commercial Bank v. P.C. Kakkar, Institute, (1986) 4 SCC 31 n 1016 (2003) 4 SCC 364 n 949 Vatal Nagaraj v. R. Dayanand Sagar, United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. (1975) 4 SCC 127 n 357, 742 Manubhai Dharmasinhbhai Gajera, Veerayee Ammal v. Seeni Ammal, (2008) 10 SCC 404 n 384 (2002) 1 SCC 134 n 951 United India Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Rajendra Veji Lakshmi and Co. v. Benett Coleman, Singh, (2000) 3 SCC 581 n 449 (1977) 3 SCC 160 n 803 University of Kerala v. Council of Principals of Vidhya Singh v. State of M.P., Colleges, Kerala, (2010) 1 SCC 353 n 1051 (1971) 3 SCC 244 n 1035 University of Poona v. Shankar Narhar Vijayee Singh v. State of U.P., Ageshe, (1972) 3 SCC 186 n 361, 367 (1990) 3 SCC 190 n 954 civ  THUS SPAKE THEIR LORDSHIPS!

Vijay Laxmi Sadho (Dr) v. Jagdish, Waman Rao v. Union of India, (1981) (2001) 2 SCC 247 n 588 2 SCC 362 n 51, 164, 853 Vijay Shankar Pandey v. Union of India, Wasiuddin Ahmed v. D.M., (1981) 4 SCC 521 n 972 (2014) 10 SCC 589 n 156, 182 Western M.P. Electric Power & Supply Co. Ltd. Vijendra Kumar Verma v. Public Service v. State of U.P., (1969) 1 SCC 817 n 402 Commission, (2011) 1 SCC 150 n 370 Wilfred D’Souza (Dr) v. Francis Menino Viklad Coal Merchant v. Union of Jesus Ferrao, (1977) 1 SCC 396 n 1150 India, (1984) 1 SCC 619 n 988 Woolcombers of India Ltd. v. Workers Vikram Vir Vohra v. Shalini Bhalla, Union, (1974) 3 SCC 318 n 88 (2010) 4 SCC 409 n 514 Workmen of Sudder Workshop v. Jorehaut Tea Village Panchayat, Calangute v. Director of Co. Ltd., (1980) 3 SCC 406 n 742, 1135 Panchayat, (2012) 7 SCC 550 n 808 Workmen v. American Express International Vinay Balachandra Joshi v. Registrar General, Banking Corpn., (1985) 4 SCC 71 n 562 Supreme Court of India, (1998) 7 SCC 461 n 466 Workmen v. Cochin Port Trust, Vinay Chandra Mishra, In re, (1995) 2 SCC (1978) 3 SCC 119 n 978 584 n 45, 195, 620, 884, 1015, 1059 Workmen v. Hindustan Lever Ltd., Vincent Panikurlangara v. Union of (1984) 4 SCC 392 n 664 India, (1987) 2 SCC 165 n 762 Workmen v. Indian Oxygen Ltd., Vineet Narain v. Union of India, (1985) 3 SCC 177 n 396 (1998) 1 SCC 226 n 619 Workmen v. Raptakos Brett & Co. Vinod Kumar v. State of Punjab, Ltd., (1992) 1 SCC 290 n 765 (2015) 3 SCC 220 n 264, 579 Virender Gaur v. State of Haryana, (1995) 2 SCC 577 n 379 Virendra Kashinath Ravat v. Vinayak Y N. Joshi, (1999) 1 SCC 47 n 93 Virendra Kumar Saklecha v. Jagjiwan, Y.A. Mamarde v. Authority under the Minimum (1972) 1 SCC 826 n 359 Wages Act, (1972) 2 SCC 108 n 663, 847 Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, Yakub Abdul Razak Memon v. State of Maharashtra, (1997) 6 SCC 241 n 476 (2013) 13 SCC 1 n 834, 949, 1028, 1150, 1151 Vishram Singh Raghubanshi v. State of U.P., Yashbir Singh v. Union of India, (2011) 7 SCC 776 n 59, 195, 881 (1987) 4 SCC 345 n 289, 546 Vishundas Hundumal v. State of M.P., Yudhishtir v. State of M.P., (1971) 3 SCC 436 n 413 (1981) 2 SCC 410 n 319 Yuvraj Digvijay Sinhji v. Yuvrani Pratap Vishwa Lochan Madan v. Union of India, Kumari, (1969) 2 SCC 279 n 756 (2014) 7 SCC 707 n 439, 780, 964, 1121 Vodafone International Holdings BV v. Union of India, (2012) 6 SCC 613 n 108, 519, 541, 698, 1136 Z Voluntary Health Assn. of Punjab v. Union of India, (2013) 4 SCC 1 n 441, 442, 1195 Zahira Habibullah Sheikh (5) v. State of Vrajlal Manilal & Co. v. State of M.P., Gujarat, (2006) 3 SCC 374 n 628, 671 1986 (Supp) SCC 201 n 150, 446 Zahira Habibulla H. Sheikh v. State of Gujarat, (2004) 4 SCC 158 n 253, 516, 965 Zenit Mataplast (P) Ltd. v. State of Maharashtra, (2009) 10 SCC 388 n 1102 W Ziyauddin Burhanuddin Bukhari v. Brijmohan Ramdass Mehra, (1976) 2 SCC 17 n 846, 1032 Wakil Nayak v. State of Bihar, Zora Singh v. J.M. Tandon, (1971) (1971) 3 SCC 778 n 430 3 SCC 834 n 285, 413