Quasar: Energy Monster Or Great Unknown?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2016-2017 Year Book Www
1 2016-2017 YEAR BOOK WWW. C A R N E G I E S C I E N C E . E D U Department of Embryology 3520 San Martin Dr. / Baltimore, MD 21218 410.246.3001 Geophysical Laboratory 5251 Broad Branch Rd., N.W. / Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8900 Department of Global Ecology 260 Panama St. / Stanford, CA 94305-4101 650.462.1047 The Carnegie Observatories 813 Santa Barbara St. / Pasadena, CA 91101-1292 626.577.1122 Las Campanas Observatory Casilla 601 / La Serena, Chile Department of Plant Biology 260 Panama St. / Stanford, CA 94305-4101 650.325.1521 Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 5241 Broad Branch Rd., N.W. / Washington, DC 20015-1305 202.478.8820 Office of Administration 1530 P St., N.W. / Washington, DC 20005-1910 202.387.6400 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 1 7 Y E A R B O O K The President’s Report July 1, 2016 - June 30, 2017 C A R N E G I E I N S T I T U T I O N F O R S C I E N C E Former Presidents Daniel C. Gilman, 1902–1904 Robert S. Woodward, 1904–1920 John C. Merriam, 1921–1938 Vannevar Bush, 1939–1955 Caryl P. Haskins, 1956–1971 Philip H. Abelson, 1971–1978 James D. Ebert, 1978–1987 Edward E. David, Jr. (Acting President, 1987–1988) Maxine F. Singer, 1988–2002 Michael E. Gellert (Acting President, Jan.–April 2003) Richard A. Meserve, 2003–2014 Former Trustees Philip H. Abelson, 1978–2004 Patrick E. -
Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2p300278 No online items Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Processed by Ronald S. Brashear; machine-readable finding aid created by Gabriela A. Montoya Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague 1 Bowen Papers, 1940-1973 Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection Inventory of the Ira Sprague Bowen Paper, 1940-1973 The Huntington Library San Marino, California Contact Information Manuscripts Department The Huntington Library 1151 Oxford Road San Marino, California 91108 Phone: (626) 405-2203 Fax: (626) 449-5720 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.huntington.org/huntingtonlibrary.aspx?id=554 Processed by: Ronald S. Brashear Encoded by: Gabriela A. Montoya © 1998 The Huntington Library. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Ira Sprague Bowen Papers, Date (inclusive): 1940-1973 Creator: Bowen, Ira Sprague Extent: Approximately 29,000 pieces in 88 boxes Repository: The Huntington Library San Marino, California 91108 Language: English. Provenance Placed on permanent deposit in the Huntington Library by the Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Collection. This was done in 1989 as part of a letter of agreement (dated November 5, 1987) between the Huntington and the Carnegie Observatories. The papers have yet to be officially accessioned. Cataloging of the papers was completed in 1989 prior to their transfer to the Huntington. -
Volume LX I, I 9
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE Of TECHNOLOGY E N GI N E E Volume LX I, N II1llber 3, I 9 9 8 IN THIS ISSUE • Prosecuting Science Simulating Molecules Observing Anniversaries London Bridge? The Manhattan skyline? No, it's an oil refinery. figuring out how to squeeze more gasoline rrom a barrel or crude is just one project a group or theoretical chemists at Caltech have taken on in a series or academic industrial collaborations. for more on this partner sh ip, see the story on page 20. Photo courtesy or Chevron Corporation. \ California Inst i tute of Technology 2 Random Wa l k 10 Scie ntific Fraud and Misconduct in American Po litica l Cu lture : Reflections on the Baltimore Case - by Dan ie l J. Kevles Excessive zeal on the part of legislators and the media hyped public suspicion of scientists' behavior. 20 " H ave Method , Wi ll T rave l" - by Douglas L. Smi t h Computational chemistry ventures into the Real World as Cal tech theorists tackle industrial problems. 30 Tw o A s tronomical Anniv ers aries : Palomar at 50 Still going strong , the hale and hearty Hale Telescope hits the half century mark. 36 ... and OVRO at 40 Radio astronomers parry, too. On t he Cover: The six IO.4·meter antennas (one 42 Boo ks - The Earth in Tf{rmoil by Kerr y Si eh a n d S i mon LeVay is hidden behind the others here) of the Owe ns 43 Faculty Fil e Valley Radio Observat ory millimeter· wave array can receive signals from up t o Engineering & Science (ISSN 0013-7812) is published Warren G. -
Scientific Fraud ) !J." } .::; :"I~ I ::.T:U!O L.~ 4-F, J T.F;;
California Institute of Technology Engineering & Science Winter 1991 7 _ 4 In this i.sue I;', ~l. 1,150/" q-, >'h 11 1,3t J,~, ~ ~ 0 '., ';.. '".l.l b: -)1 f' I.f): ., 0.',)9 First Lights > 1-" I , - , ,,LJ~'7 Scientific Fraud ) !J." } .::; :"I~ I ::.t:u!o l.~ 4-f, j t.f;; . - '-I~ /2.- .o1l-/r, I) .... ,; "'. t'+t -. 'b~, 1.1 If • ~ ~ ;,, ~I loJ I( 1",_ Technology Lf~IOr 3f7U " i~ "" If l!f Transfer /1 11 " • , ;,).lJ h~ ,, ~ ~ "!> ~, "_ /.>, Is ~I ).. a.- I ~ 4; 7 Semiconductor I I >'f , ,, 1> "II , .... ., Quality Control 'Is i" ,, 0,./, 'i 'l{'1- , ~ ' '''1 i' r 'I $7(, '>'/11 "-1, > • ~'i 1,0:, ~ ~ .., ~I -: /' q, ' " c. t. , u- f'! ~~~ ":lk.i e ... ,- , 11J 3 0 'f l.- , . fo'l' '" ~. "f I ~. (,. I ~ - '>- , ? tl6 . o I,! .,.!- .. - 31.r~{, ) .' J S"7 J. ) , F., a The 10·meter Keck Telescope saw first light in November 1990. California Institute of Technology Winter 1991 Volume LlV, Number 2 2 First Lights The lO-rneter Keck Telescope, with one quarter of its mirror segments installed, produces its first image; its predecessors had different definitions of "first light," as well as different problems. 10 Scientific Fraud - by David Goodstein Caltech's vice provost offers an opinion of what it is and what it isn't, and defends a couple of famous physicists against false charges. 20 Deposit Insurance The layers that make up a computer chip are deposited inside a sealed chamber. A new way to see what's going on within the chamber can improve chip quality. -
Dancing to the Tempo of LEP
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 40 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2000 Dancing to the tempo of LEP SPIN SUPERSYMMETRY INTERNET Polarized protons accelerated Striking suggestions for How the Web was Born, a new in new RHIC ring p8 additional physics symmetry pl7 book p43 E RI Hew Gêner CES Creative Electronic Systems 70 route du Hunt-dun*! CH-1213 Petit-Uncy, Switzerland Internet: nttp://www.ces.cft I The Ultimate VME Machine CES Switzeriand The RI03 features a twin bus architecture, a Tel: ^41.22.879.51.00 ifque fnter-processor communication mechanism Fax: +4U2.792.57.4d Email; [email protected] for ultra-high-speed data acquisitions g and user-level load balance control CES.O Germany with dedicated hardware. Tel: +49.60.51.96.97.41 Fax; +49.60,51.96.97.33 Sheer Speed: Êttuiil: [email protected] # • VME - block transfers in 2eSST at CES MSâ 300 MBytes/s, single cycles at 20 MBytes/s Tel:+ 1.518.843.1445 Fax;+1.518.643.1447 * Memory - 400 MBytes/s average, Email: [email protected] 800 MBytes/s peak • Multi-Access - VME + PCM + PCI 2 + CPU without global degradation CPU Power: PowerPC 750 or 7400 at maximum available speed I Flexible: Two Independent 64-bit PCI with simultaneous access to the memory I Scalable: Up to four additional PMC's on a PMC carrier system MFCC 844x PMC PROCESSORS • 130 KGates user-FPGA • Continuous acquisition at 50 MBytes/s In 32 or 64~bit mode • Full 750 / 7400 computing core • Full network services on PCI * Complete multi-processing software with connection oriented high-speed data transfers SOFTWARE SUPPORT VxWorics®, Lynxob®, muecat® and LINUX® development software including support for hard real-time target machines. -
Active Galactic Nuclei - Suzy Collin, Bożena Czerny
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS - Active Galactic Nuclei - Suzy Collin, Bożena Czerny ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI Suzy Collin LUTH, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot; 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France Bożena Czerny N. Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland Keywords: quasars, Active Galactic Nuclei, Black holes, galaxies, evolution Content 1. Historical aspects 1.1. Prehistory 1.2. After the Discovery of Quasars 1.3. Accretion Onto Supermassive Black Holes: Why It Works So Well? 2. The emission properties of radio-quiet quasars and AGN 2.1. The Broad Band Spectrum: The “Accretion Emission" 2.2. Optical, Ultraviolet, and X-Ray Emission Lines 2.3. Ultraviolet and X-Ray Absorption Lines: The Wind 2.4. Variability 3. Related objects and Unification Scheme 3.1. The “zoo" of AGN 3.2. The “Line of View" Unification: Radio Galaxies and Radio-Loud Quasars, Blazars, Seyfert 1 and 2 3.2.1. Radio Loud Quasars and AGN: The Jet and the Gamma Ray Emission 3.3. Towards Unification of Radio-Loud and Radio-Quiet Objects? 3.4. The “Accretion Rate" Unification: Low and High Luminosity AGN 4. Evolution of black holes 4.1. Supermassive Black Holes in Quasars and AGN 4.2. Supermassive Black Holes in Quiescent Galaxies 5. Linking the growth of black holes to galaxy evolution 6. Conclusions Acknowledgements GlossaryUNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches SAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary We recall the discovery of quasars and the long time it took (about 15 years) to build a theoretical framework for these objects, as well as for their local less luminous counterparts, Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). -
Observational Cosmology - 30H Course 218.163.109.230 Et Al
Observational cosmology - 30h course 218.163.109.230 et al. (2004–2014) PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Thu, 31 Oct 2013 03:42:03 UTC Contents Articles Observational cosmology 1 Observations: expansion, nucleosynthesis, CMB 5 Redshift 5 Hubble's law 19 Metric expansion of space 29 Big Bang nucleosynthesis 41 Cosmic microwave background 47 Hot big bang model 58 Friedmann equations 58 Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric 62 Distance measures (cosmology) 68 Observations: up to 10 Gpc/h 71 Observable universe 71 Structure formation 82 Galaxy formation and evolution 88 Quasar 93 Active galactic nucleus 99 Galaxy filament 106 Phenomenological model: LambdaCDM + MOND 111 Lambda-CDM model 111 Inflation (cosmology) 116 Modified Newtonian dynamics 129 Towards a physical model 137 Shape of the universe 137 Inhomogeneous cosmology 143 Back-reaction 144 References Article Sources and Contributors 145 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 148 Article Licenses License 150 Observational cosmology 1 Observational cosmology Observational cosmology is the study of the structure, the evolution and the origin of the universe through observation, using instruments such as telescopes and cosmic ray detectors. Early observations The science of physical cosmology as it is practiced today had its subject material defined in the years following the Shapley-Curtis debate when it was determined that the universe had a larger scale than the Milky Way galaxy. This was precipitated by observations that established the size and the dynamics of the cosmos that could be explained by Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. -
E F L E C T I O N S a Man Not Known to Sleep E
s u m m e r . q u a r t e r / j u n e . 2 0 1 4 r e f l e c t i o n s a man not known to sleep E. E. Barnard on Mount Wilson According to Allan Sandage, Edward Emerson Barnard was “the last of the great visual observers and the first of the long line of photo- graphic atlas makers with wide-angle telescopes.” William Sheehan, Barnard’s biographer, wrote that he deserves special recognition as “one of the most versatile astronomers of the 19th century, perhaps the last to master the entire field of observational astronomy, and a marvelous visual and photographic observer as well.” Yet Barnard is little known today outside of astronomical circles. Barnard worked on Mount Wilson for about 8 months in 1905. He at mount wilson observatory in 1905 From left: H. L. Miller, Charles G. Abbot, George Ellery Hale, Leonard Ingersoll, Ferdinand Ellerman, was on leave from Yerkes Observatory, along with a Yerkes telescope. Walter S. Adams, Edward Emerson Barnard, Charles Backus. Only Hale, This brief period yielded 40 of the 50 fields of Barnard’s magnificent Adams, Ellerman, and Backus were permanent staff members. star atlas — An Atlas of Selected Regions of the Milky Way — published in 1927. The Milky Way atlas represents the first use of a photographic observations of the night sky and became fascinated with comets, telescope, an unusual instrument sponsored by (and named after) which he began hunting on a methodical basis. Finding that a patron Catherine Wolfe Bruce. -
Celestial Radio Sources Whitham D
Important Celestial Radio Sources Whitham D. Reeve Introduction The list of celestial radio sources presented below was obtained from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) library. Each column heading is defined below. As presented here, the list is sorted in order of flux density as received on Earth. As an aid in visualizing the location of the more powerful radio sources in the sky with respect to the Milky Way galaxy, an annotated radio map also is provided along with explanations of its important features. Listing – Definition of column headings The information below is necessarily brief. Additional information may be found by using an online encyclopedia (for example, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page ) or visiting other online sources such as the National Radio Astronomy Observatory website ( http://www.nrao.edu/ ). Object Name: Each object is named according its original catalog listing (for celestial object naming conventions, see Tom Crowley’s article “Introduction to Astronomical Catalogs” in the October- November 2010 issue of Radio Astronomy ). Most of the objects in the list originally were listed in the 3rd Cambridge catalog (3C) but some are in NRAO’s catalog (NRAO). Right Ascension and Declination: The right ascension and declination are used together to define the location of an object in the sky according to the equatorial coordinate system . Right ascension is given in hour minute second format and abbreviated RA . RA is the angle measured in hours, minutes and seconds from the Vernal equinox (intersection of celestial equator and ecliptic). The declination, abbreviated Dec , is the number of degrees, minutes and seconds above (0° to +90°) or below (0° to – 90°) the celestial equator. -
Speed of Light and Rates of Clocks in the Space Generation Model of Gravitation, Part 1
GravitationLab.com Speed of Light and Rates of Clocks in the Space Generation Model of Gravitation, Part 1 1 R. BENISH( ) (1) Eugene, Oregon, USA, [email protected] Abstract. — General Relativity’s Schwarzschild solution describes a spherically symmetric gravi- tational field as an utterly static thing. The Space Generation Model (SGM) describes it as an absolutely moving thing. The SGM nevertheless agrees equally well with observations made in the fields of the Earth and Sun, because it predicts almost ex- actly the same spacetime curvature. This success of the SGM motivates deepening the context—especially with regard to the fundamental concepts of motion. The roots of Einstein’s relativity theories thus receive critical examination. A particularly illumi- nating and widely applicable example is that of uniform rotation, which was used to build General Relativity (GR). Comparing Einstein’s logic to that of the SGM, the most significant difference concerns the interpretation of the readings of accelerom- eters and the rates of clocks. Where Einstein infers relativity of motion and space- time symmetry, it is argued to be more logical to infer absoluteness of motion and spacetime asymmetry. This approach leads to reassessments of the essential nature of matter, time, and the dimensionality of space, which lead in turn to some novel cos- mological consequences. Special emphasis is given to the model’s deviations from standard predictions inside matter, which have never been tested, but could be tested by conducting a simple experiment. PACS 04.80.Cc – Experimental tests of gravitational theories. 1. – Introduction; Intended Audience Beware ye, all those bold of spirit who want to suggest new ideas. -
Index to JRASC Volumes 61-90 (PDF)
THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA GENERAL INDEX to the JOURNAL 1967–1996 Volumes 61 to 90 inclusive (including the NATIONAL NEWSLETTER, NATIONAL NEWSLETTER/BULLETIN, and BULLETIN) Compiled by Beverly Miskolczi and David Turner* * Editor of the Journal 1994–2000 Layout and Production by David Lane Published by and Copyright 2002 by The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 136 Dupont Street Toronto, Ontario, M5R 1V2 Canada www.rasc.ca — [email protected] Table of Contents Preface ....................................................................................2 Volume Number Reference ...................................................3 Subject Index Reference ........................................................4 Subject Index ..........................................................................7 Author Index ..................................................................... 121 Abstracts of Papers Presented at Annual Meetings of the National Committee for Canada of the I.A.U. (1967–1970) and Canadian Astronomical Society (1971–1996) .......................................................................168 Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Annual General Assembly of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (1969–1996) ...........................................................207 JRASC Index (1967-1996) Page 1 PREFACE The last cumulative Index to the Journal, published in 1971, was compiled by Ruth J. Northcott and assembled for publication by Helen Sawyer Hogg. It included all articles published in the Journal during the interval 1932–1966, Volumes 26–60. In the intervening years the Journal has undergone a variety of changes. In 1970 the National Newsletter was published along with the Journal, being bound with the regular pages of the Journal. In 1978 the National Newsletter was physically separated but still included with the Journal, and in 1989 it became simply the Newsletter/Bulletin and in 1991 the Bulletin. That continued until the eventual merger of the two publications into the new Journal in 1997. -
VLBA Polarimetric Observations of the CSS Quasar 3C 147
A&A 504, 741–749 (2009) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/200811190 & c ESO 2009 Astrophysics VLBA polarimetric observations of the CSS quasar 3C 147 A. Rossetti1,F.Mantovani1, D. Dallacasa1,2, W. Junor3,C.J.Salter4, and D. J. Saikia5 1 Istituto di Radioastronomia – INAF, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy e-mail: [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università degli Studi, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA 4 Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo 00612, Puerto Rico 5 National Centre for Astrophysics, TIFR, Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, India Received 20 October 2008 / Accepted 24 April 2009 ABSTRACT Aims. We report new VLBA polarimetric observations of the compact steep-spectrum (CSS) quasar 3C 147 (B0538 + 498) at 5 and 8.4 GHz. Methods. By using multifrequency VLBA observations, we derived milliarcsecond-resolution images of the total intensity, polarisa- tion, and rotation measure distributions, by combining our new observations with archival data. Results. The source shows a one-sided structure, with a compact region, and a component extending about 200 mas to the south-west. The compact region is resolved into two main components with polarised emission, a complex rotation measure distribution, and a magnetic field dominated by components perpendicular to the source axis. Conclusions. By considering all the available data, we examine the possible location of the core component, and discuss two possible interpretations of the observed structure of this source: core-jet and lobe-hot spot. Further observations to unambiguously determine the location of the core would help distinguish between the two possibilities discussed here.