Enabling Human Development

“We are a nation of young people. The health, education and creative abilities of our children and young people will determine the well-being and strength of our nation.”

— Dr. Manmohan Singh Mid Day Meal Enabling Human Development

2 Enabling Human Development primary schools and 11,847 upper primary 2.1 Education schools were opened, 35,427 teachers appointed, 9708 additional classrooms constructed, 26.62 2.1.1 Right of children to free and compulsory lakh teachers provided in-service training and 9.54 education crore children provided textbooks. Enrolment The Right of Children to Free and targets for the primary classes have been largely Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 was achieved in most parts of the country. Attention enacted in August 2009. Notifications have been is now being given to regular attendance and issued for the enforcement of the Constitution completion of the elementary cycle of eight years (86th Amendment) Act and the RTE Act with of formal schooling. effect from 1st April 2010. Mid-day meals in schools The RTE Act secures the right of Under the National Programme of children to free and compulsory education in a Mid-Day Meals in schools, the cooking cost has neighbourhood school till completion of been enhanced. Further, cooks-cum-helpers are elementary education. It specifies the duties and now being paid Rs 1000/- per month for their responsibilities of appropriate governments, local part-time services. The cost of construction of authorities and parents in providing free and kitchen-cum-store has also been rationalized by compulsory education and sharing of financial linking it to the States’ schedule of rates. During and other responsibilities. The Act also lays down 2009-10, about 11 crore children were benefited the norms and standards relating to pupil - teacher by the scheme. ratios, buildings and infrastructure, school working days and teacher working hours. 2.1.2 Strengthening secondary education The Act provides for the development The Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha of curriculum, which would ensure the all-round Abhiyan was launched in March 2009 with the development of the child, building on the child’s objective of improving access to secondary knowledge, potential and talent and making the education, while enhancing quality. During 2009- child free of fear, trauma and anxiety through a 10, proposals from 31 States and UTs were system of child-friendly and child-centred considered and clearance was given to setting up learning. It also provides for protection and 2478 new schools and improving 6998 existing monitoring of the child’s right to free and schools. compulsory education and redressal of grievances The UPA government has decided to set by the National and State Commissions for the up 6000 high quality model schools at the rate of Protection of Child Rights, which shall have the one school per block. During 2009-10, financial powers of a civil court. assistance has been provided to set up 327 such Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) schools in 11 states. The process of aligning the Sarva A scheme for the establishment and Shiksha Abhiyan strategies and norms with the management of girls’ hostels for students of RTE mandate was initiated during the year. In secondary and higher secondary schools in the 2009-10, till 31st December 2009, 7400 new educationally backward blocks has also been

1 Enabling Human Development

Celebrating the Right to Education launched. During 2009-10, approval has been offered by CBSE from 2011 onwards. It has given to set up 379 such hostels in 11 states. been decided to replace the present system of awarding marks by grades in all subjects in the 2.1.3 Quality learning and reform of school Class X Board examination conducted by CBSE education in 2010. Such grading would be continued for The examination system is being on-demand proficiency test of 2011 and beyond reformed. From 2011, it has been decided to do and also for CCE. away with Class X board examinations in CBSE 2.1.4 Thrust for female literacy - Saakshar schools, affiliated up to senior secondary level, Bharat for such students who are not moving out of the CBSE system. Further, students of class IX and The National Literacy Mission has been X will be assessed on the basis of Continuous recast as Saakshar Bharat. At least seven crore and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) to be non-literates will be made literate to achieve 80% implemented at the school level. CCE will be literacy. To reduce gender disparity in literacy applicable to class IX students from the session from 21% to 10%, six crore beneficiaries, out of 2009-10. Students, however will continue to have the total target of seven crore, will be women. the choice of on-demand proficiency test, if they To minimize social disparities, within the overall wish to get themselves assessed, which will be target, 1.4 crore Scheduled Castes (1 crore women

2 Enabling Human Development

2.1.5 Strengthening and reform of the higher education system Improvement of access, along with equity and excellence, enhancing the relevance of higher education through curriculum reforms, vocationalisation, networking and information technology and distance education, along with reforms in the governance structure, are some of the main policy objectives in higher education. National Commission for Higher Education & Research (NCHER) A draft bill, the National Commission for Higher Education and Research Bill, has been placed in the public domain for wider consultation and obtaining feedback from stakeholders. Accreditation The National Authority for Regulation and Accreditation of Higher Educational Saakshar Bharat, Making India Literate Institutions Bill for mandatory accreditation of and 40 lakh men), 80 lakh Scheduled Tribes (60 all higher educational institutions has been lakh women and 20 lakh men) and 1.2 crore introduced in Parliament. beneficiaries belonging to the minorities (1 crore Prohibition of unfair practices in educational women and 20 lakh men) will be covered. institutions 365 districts in the country, with adult A bill to prohibit and punish malpractices female literacy rate of 50% or less, have been and adoption of unfair practices in technical and identified for implementation of Saakshar Bharat. medical educational institutions and in the During 2009-10, the programme has been rolled university system, to protect the interest of out in 167 districts in 19 States to cover 3.83 crore students and applicants seeking admission, has non-literates in over 80,000 gram panchayats been introduced in Parliament. under basic literacy programme and to establish about 81,000 adult education centres, one each Educational tribunals in a gram panchayat, under the continuing A bill to establish a two-tier structure of education component. Educational Tribunals at the State and National Grants-in-aid of Rs.325.98 crore have levels to adjudicate on the entire gamut of disputes been released to 19 States as the first instalment arising in higher education has been introduced of the Central share. in Parliament.

3 Enabling Human Development

Foreign educational service providers at Rohtak, Raipur, Ranchi, Tiruchirapalli, A bill for regulating the entry and Kashipur and Udaipur. operation of foreign educational institutions in Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) India has been introduced in Parliament. Two new IITs at Indore and Mandi New Central universities started functioning from the academic year 2009-10. National Institutes of Technology (NITs) With the aim of providing at least one NIT in each of the larger States/UTs, the UPA government decided to set up 10 new NITs. These new NITs are to be located in Goa, Puducherry, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Polytechnics New Central University in Orissa a) Setting up of new polytechnics To increase access, improve quality and A grant of Rs.2.00 crore each was provided as to remove regional imbalances in higher the first instalment to set up 178 new education, sixteen Central universities were polytechnics. Besides, a grant of Rs.5.00 crore established, including conversion of three State was given as the second instalment to 19 universities in the states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya polytechnics. Pradesh and Uttarakhand into Central b) Strengthening of existing polytechnics universities, under the Central Universities Act, 2009. All universities, except in Jammu and In order to strengthen existing polytechnics, 235 Himachal Pradesh, have commenced functioning polytechnics have been provided the first in 2009-10 from temporary premises. instalment of Rs.10.00 lakh each during 2009-10. Colleges c) Construction of women’s hostels in polytechnics A new scheme has been approved by the UPA government to provide central assistance for 343 polytechnics have been provided the first setting up of a model degree college in each of instalment of Rs.20.00 lakh each during 2009- the identified 374 educationally backward districts 10 for the construction of women’s hostels. where Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for higher d) Community development through education is less than the national GER. polytechnics Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) During 2009-10, 479 polytechnics were given The UPA government has approved the Rs.49.09 crore for running community setting up of six Indian Institutes of Management development programmes.

4 Enabling Human Development

Interest subsidy on educational loans standards, has been placed in the public domain for wider consultation. The UPA government has decided to provide full interest subsidy to poor students, National Knowledge Network whose parental income is limited to Rs.4.5 lakh A National Knowledge Network will per annum, on education loans taken by them to interconnect all universities, libraries, laboratories, pursue technical and professional courses. hospitals and agricultural institutions for sharing National Mission for Information & data and computing resources across the country Communication Technology (ICT) in over a high-speed information network having education gigabit capabilities. In the initial phase, a core backbone has been established with 2.5 gbps Under the National Mission on capacity and 66 institutions of higher learning Education through ICT, upto March 2010 more and advanced research have already been than 30,000 Virtual Private Network and internet connected to the network and six virtual connections have been provided to more than classrooms set up. 7500 colleges across the country. 2.2 Health OTHER INITIATIVES 2.2.1 National Rural Health Mission Innovation Universities The mission has strengthened public A concept note on establishing 14 health systems by increasing community Innovation Universities, aiming at world class

Computer Education under National Mission for ICT

5 Enabling Human Development

Mother and Child Care through NRHM participation, adding to human resources in the (till December 2009), enabling women to come system, improving health infrastructure, to health institutions for safer delivery. improving public health management and increasing public expenditure on health. All disease control programmes showed sustained improvement. There was reduction in During 2009-10, more than 36,000 mortality due to malaria, kala-azar and dengue, village health & sanitation committees were set as well as reduction in the incidence of filarial up, over 1300 facility-based Rogi Kalyan Samitis infection. In respect of tuberculosis, a cure rate were formed, over 53,000 Accredited Social of 87% has been maintained, while the case Health Activists (ASHAs) were selected and detection rate has increased from 70% in 2007 trained, and more than 20,000 doctors and to 72% in 2009. paramedical personnel were added to the public health system. Over 4984 new health sub-centre 2.2.2 Human resources in health buildings, 254 Primary Health Centre (PHC) A scheme for augmenting nursing buildings and 102 Community Health Centre personnel by setting up 269 new Auxiliary Nurse (CHC) buildings were completed; 3246 sub- Midwife (ANM) and General Nurse Midwife centre buildings, 732 PHC buildings, 264 CHC (GNM) schools in backward and underserved buildings and 28 district hospital buildings were districts of the country, at a cost of around upgraded or renovated. Rs. 2000 crore, has been approved. This will create Under the Janini Suraksha Yojana, over additional capacity of 16,000 trained nurses 78 lakh deliveries were covered during 2009-10 annually.

6 Enabling Human Development

The report of a task force, proposing services have been considerably scaled up and these to set up a National Council for Human were provided to more than 75 lakh general clients Resources in Health, as an overarching regulatory and more than 55 lakh pregnant women through body, has been circulated among states and union 5135 Integrated Counselling & Testing Centres. territories and it has also been placed on the 2.2.6 Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and website, inviting comments and suggestions. Homoeopathy (AYUSH) 2.2.3 Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha A modified scheme for mainstreaming of Yojana AYUSH has been sanctioned and is under Work orders have been issued for the implementation with a total cost of Rs. 675 crore. medical college complex for six AIIMS-like As part of this mainstreaming activity, 2368 institutions, taken up under the first phase. doctors and 2184 AYUSH paramedic staff were appointed during 2009-10. AYUSH paramedic 2.2.4 Strengthening premier institutions staff and facilities have been provided in 300 The first phase of upgradation of the APHCs/PHCs, 490 CHCs and 18 district hospitals Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical and 209 AYUSH hospitals during the year. Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry It has been decided to upgrade nine has been completed, with the commissioning of existing state institutions into national-level the super-specialty block, trauma centres, cancer institutions at a cost of Rs. 650 crores. centre and nursing college. Post Graduate Institute, Chandigarh has received an approval 2.2.7 Dealing with the Influenza - A H1N1 of Rs. 370 crore for upgradation and expansion pandemic of facilities. The pandemic was managed effectively. 2.2.5 AIDS control and care More than one crore in-bound passengers were screened at international airports, new The Red Ribbon Express, flagged off laboratories for testing H1N1 cases were on its second phase on 1st December 2009, will established, the drug Oseltamivir was supplied cover 152 railway stations across 22 states with to state governments free of cost and vaccines services for HIV counselling & testing and care were imported and supplied to state governments & awareness generation in respect of sexually for vaccinating health workers. transmitted infections. Counselling and testing

Red Ribbon Express on AIDS Awareness H1N1 Screening Centre at Delhi Airport

7 Enabling Human Development

ICDS Anganwadi Centre 2.2.8 Amending the law on transplantation 2.3 Child Rights of human organs 2.3.1 Restructuring and universalisation of A bill to amend the Transplantation of the Integrated Child Development Scheme Human Organs Act, 1994 has been introduced An additional 792 projects and 2,91,000 to simplify procedures for organ harvesting, Anganwadi Centres (AWC) including mini declaration of brain death and “swap” donations. anganwadis and 20,000 anganwadis on demand 2.2.9 Regulation of clinical establishments have been approved to ensure that there is an operational anganwadi in every habitation of the The UPA government has introduced a country. This will take the total number of bill to create a regulatory framework for the largely anganwadis to 14 lakhs. Nearly 725 lakh children unregulated health sector and to prescribe below the age of 6 years and about 160 lakh mandatory standards for clinical establishments. pregnant and lactating women have currently been 2.2.10 Vaccine manufacturing units in the receiving benefits of supplementary nutrition. public sector Nearly 350 lakh children are receiving pre-school The Central Research Institute, Kasauli, education at these centres. The number will Pasteur Institute of India, Coonoor and BCG, increase further after the additional anganwadi Guindy have been enabled to resume production centres become functional. of vaccines. The UPA government has doubled the

8 Enabling Human Development nutritional and feeding norms. Children in the areas which is being funded from the Prime age group 3-6 years will now be given a morning Minister’s National Relief Fund. snack and a hot cooked meal. The Take Home NCPCR has been made the nodal Ration (THR) for children below 3 years and authority for monitoring the implementation of pregnant and lactating mothers is being the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory augmented. Extra THR is being given to severely Education Act, 2009. malnourished children. 2.3.3 Integrated Child Protection Scheme 2.3.2 National Commission for the Protection of Child Rights The UPA government has launched a comprehensive centrally sponsored scheme, the The National Commission for the Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) from Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR), set up as a 2009-10. This will bring about an improvement statutory body to protect, promote and defend in the well being of children in difficult child rights, has done extensive work during the circumstances, as well as reduce their vulnerability year in the area of children living in regions of to situations and action that lead to abuse, neglect, civil unrest. It has formulated a scheme “Bal exploitation, abandonment and separation of Bandhu” for protection of child rights in such children from parents.

Reducing Infant Mortality - a priority under NRHM

9 Enabling Human Development

Quality Learning and Education Reforms

10 Social Inclusion

Social Inclusion

“We are firmly committed and have a strong resolve to ensure that the benefits of the programmes being run by the government reach the poorest of the poor in a transparent manner.”

— Smt. Sonia Gandhi Prime Minister’s New 15-Point Programme for the Minorities Social Inclusion

3 Social Inclusion Amendment) Bill, 2008 providing for reservation 3.1 Food Security for women in as nearly as one-third of the total seats of the Lok Sabha and of the State Legislative The UPA government is committed to Assemblies, including the Legislative Assembly the enactment of the National Food Security Act. of the NCT of Delhi, for a period of 15 years Consultations have been held with states and was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on union territories and other stakeholders. A draft 6th May 2008. The Rajya Sabha has passed the National Food Security bill is under preparation bill on 9th March 2010. and it is proposed to be placed in the public domain for scrutiny and comments. 3.2.2 Reservation for women in urban local bodies 3.2 Empowering Women A bill has been introduced in the Lok 3.2.1 Women’s Reservation Bill Sabha to amend Article 243T of the Constitution Political empowerment of women is a for providing 50% reservation to women in urban powerful and indispensable tool for eliminating local bodies. gender inequality and discrimination. With a view 3.2.3 National Mission for Empowerment of to achieving the said purpose, a bill, namely, the Women Constitution (One Hundred and Eighth The UPA government has set up the National Mission for Empowerment of Women on 8th March 2010, to secure inter-sectoral convergence of all pro-women/women centric programmes cutting across ministries/ departments, states and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). The activities of the mission will be overseen by the National Mission Authority, which is headed by the Prime Minister. 3.2.4 Restructuring of Rashtriya Mahila Kosh The UPA government has decided to enhance the corpus of the Rashtriya Mahila Kosh to Rs. 500 crore from the existing Rs.100 crore. 3.2.5 Increasing representation of women in the Central government The UPA government is committed to provide equal opportunities to women in employment and to make its personnel policies more ‘gender sensitive’. Instructions have been issued to all ministries/departments that all recruitment advertisements will contain a message Meeting of Self-Help Group

11 Social Inclusion that government strives to promote a workforce Bill, 2010 was introduced in the Rajya Sabha on which reflects gender balance and women 22nd April 2010 providing for amendment to the candidates are encouraged to apply. Women Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 and the Hindu candidates have been exempted from payment Adoption And Maintenance Act, 1956. of fees for competitive examinations conducted 3.3 Empowerment and development of the by the UPSC/SSC in direct recruitment/ weaker sections departmental competitive examinations/direct recruitment by interview. Instructions have also 3.3.1 Improving access to - been issued to all ministries/departments that all (a) Education recruitment boards for filling up more than 10 vacancies will mandatorily have a woman a. Increase in outlays for scholarships member. ‘Child care leave’ for upto two years, During 2009-10, central assistance of Rs. on full pay, has been introduced for women 1015.96 crore was released under the post-matric employees to enable them to take care of their scholarship scheme for Scheduled Caste students, children upto the age of 18 years. covering approximately 40 lakh students. During 3.2.6 Gender Equality in Personal Laws 2010-11, an outlay of Rs. 1,700 crore has been allocated under the scheme to enable revision in With a view to bringing in gender equality the income ceiling and rates of scholarship. in personal laws, the Personal Laws (Amendment)

Improving Access to Education

12 Social Inclusion

Under the post-matric scholarship (b) Credit scheme for Scheduled Tribe students, Rs. 270.86 During 2009-10, concessional loans crore was released to assist 13,76,745 students amounting to about Rs. 394 crore were disbursed during 2009-10. During 2009-10, central through the National Scheduled Castes Finance assistance of Rs. 172.97 crore was released as and Development Corporation (NSFDC), the post-matric scholarship to approximately 14 lakh National Safai Karmcharis Finance and students belonging to the Other Backward Classes. Development Corporation (NSKFDC) and the During the same period, under the pre-matric National Backward Classes Finance and scholarship scheme, central assistance of Rs. 31.73 Development Corporation (NBCFDC) to two crore was released to assist approximately 17 lakh lakh members of the Scheduled Castes, Safai students belonging to the Other Backward Classes. Karamcharis and Other Backward Classes. During 2010-11, an outlay of Rs. 50 crore has been allocated under the scheme. During 2009-10, loans worth Rs. 83.76 crore were disbursed by the National Scheduled b. Top Class Education Scheme Tribes Finance and Development Corporation During 2009-10, scholarships were among 37,439 Scheduled Tribe beneficiaries. given to 541 Scheduled Caste students, who 3.3.2 Enhanced outlays for schemes secured admission in premier institutions. The benefiting Scheduled Castes and Scheduled number of institutions covered under the Tribes scheme has also been raised from 125 to177. Provision under the scheme has been increased The Pradhan Mantri Adarsh Gram to Rs. 25 crore during 2010-11. Yojana (PMAGY) was announced in 2009-10. The PMAGY, launched on a pilot basis, with an Likewise, scholarships amounting to Rs. allocation of Rs.100 crore, seeks the integrated 1.75 crore were given to 88 Scheduled Tribe development of 1000 villages where the students under the scheme during 2009-10. population of SCs is about 50%, in five States, c. Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship Scheme viz. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Assam. Each village would be able to avail During 2009-10, Rs. 105 crore was gap funding of Rs.10 lakh over and above the released to the University Grants Commission allocation under rural development and poverty for grant of 1333 new fellowships and renewal alleviation schemes. A provision of Rs. 400 crore of ongoing scholarships for Scheduled Caste has been made under PMAGY during 2010-11. students to pursue courses leading to M Phil., Ph.D. and equivalent degrees. Provision under the 3.3.3 Vesting land rights in Scheduled Tribes scheme has been increased to Rs.160 crore in and other traditional forest-dwellers 2010-11 as against Rs.80 crore in 2009-10 to Following up closely on the historic increase the number of scholarships to 2000. enactment conferring forest rights on the Likewise, fellowships amounting to Rs.30 Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest crore were given to 2777 Scheduled Tribe dwellers, all measures have been taken to ensure students under the scheme during 2009-10. its proper implementation. As on March 2010,

13 Social Inclusion more than 7.82 lakh titles have been distributed. horticulture plantation and land development A very large number of claims have been filed facilities to land owned by the weaker sections. due to the intense awareness campaign. The 3.4 An Inclusive Agenda for the disposal of these claims is in full swing. Minorities 3.3.4 Welfare and development of primitive 3.4.1 Targeting benefits of development tribes to the minorities Insurance cover under the Janashree Prime Minister’s New 15-Point Programme Bima Yojana has been provided to one earning member of 4,31,900 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal It has been ensured that 15% of targets Group (PTG) families. During 2009-10, insurance and outlays for schemes included in the Prime cover was provided to 2,000 such families. Minister’s New 15-Point programme for the Welfare of Minorities and considered amenable Under the long term conservation cum to targeting, have been so earmarked. development plan, an amount of Rs. 670 crore has been earmarked in the XIth Plan, of which Three schemes have been added to the an amount of Rs. 83.61 crore has been spent programme in 2009-10 viz. (i) National Rural during 2009-10. Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP); (ii) Urban Infrastructure and Governance (UIG); and 3.3.5 Developing fields belonging to the (iii) Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme Scheduled Castes and Tribes under for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT). 64 MGNREGA projects, at an estimated cost of over Rs. 8,600 The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural crore, have been sanctioned under the Urban Employment Guarantee Act has been amended Infrastructure & Governance (UIG) component to allow for provision of irrigation facility, of Jawarharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) for implementation in 17 towns with a sizable minority population. 101 projects, at an estimated cost of more than Rs. 2500 crore, have been sanctioned in 83 such towns under the Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) component. In 2009-10, under the scheme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), 4457 primary and upper primary schools have been constructed, 3530 primary and Scholarships for Minority Communities upper primary schools have been

14 Social Inclusion opened, 20,588 additional class rooms have been minority beneficiaries during 2009-10 out of constructed, 27 Kasturba Gandhi Balika which an amount of Rs. 54.53 crore has been Vidyalaya (KGBV) have been sanctioned and disbursed under the micro-finance scheme to 7765 teachers sanctioned in blocks and districts 68,451 beneficiaries. having a substantial minority population. 3.4.3. Waqf development 502 public sector bank branches were A bill to amend the Waqf Act, 1995 was opened in 2009-10 (upto December 2009) in introduced in Parliament. It provides for timely districts with a substantial minority population. completion of surveys of waqf properties, Over Rs. 96,000 crore of bank credit was reduction of the scope of alienation of waqf provided to the minorities in 2009-10 (upto properties, providing penal provisions to prevent encroachment of waqf properties, representation September 2009). of women in the waqf boards, greater 60 ITIs, located in Minority accountability and efficiency in the administration Concentration Districts, are to be upgraded as part of the waqf properties by the waqf boards, etc. th of the Prime Minister’s New 15 Point Programme. The bill was passed by Lok Sabha on 7 May 2010. 3.4.2 Improving access to- In February 2010, under a new centrally Education sponsored scheme, grants-in-aid of Rs. 8.06 crore has been disbursed to 11 State Waqf Boards, the During 2009-10, 17.29 lakh scholarships Central Waqf Council and the National were given to children belonging to the minority Informatics Centre Services Inc. (NICSI) for the communities for their pre-matric education. An computerization of waqf properties. amount of Rs. 202.94 crore was spent. 48% of 3.4.4 Multi-sectoral district plans for the pre-matric scholarships were awarded to girls. Minority Concentration Districts Under the post-matric scholarship scheme, 3.88 Out of 90 identified MCDs, the district lakh scholarships were awarded at a cost of plans of 80 MCDs (15 fully and 65 partly) have Rs. 148.74 crore. Nearly 55% of those awarded been approved at a total estimated cost of scholarships were girls. 35,982 merit-cum-means Rs. 2343.75 crore. scholarships were awarded at a cost of Rs. 97.51 3.5 Disability to Empowerment crore, with nearly one third being girl students. Under the Meritorious Scholarship Scheme of the Maulana Azad Education Foundation, for girl students in classes XI and XII, 15,070 girls were awarded scholarships at a cost of Rs. 18.08 crore. Under the Maulana Azad National Fellowship, 756 fellowships are shortly to be awarded. 30% will be to women students. Credit The National Minority Finance Development Corporation (NMDFC) has disbursed Rs. 197.75 crore for assisting 1,04,594 Website for the Visually Challenged

15 Social Inclusion

3.5.1 New focus and increased outlays 3.6 Caring for the Senior Citizen The (Central) Persons with Disabilities 3.6.1 Indira Gandhi National Old Age (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) Full Participation) Rules, 1996 has been th Under the IGNOAPS, central assistance amended with effect from 30 December 2009, of Rs. 200 per month is provided to a beneficiary to enable simplification of certification belonging to a BPL household in the age group procedures in central government hospitals. of 65 years or above. In addition, state The outlay for the disability sector in governments also make a contribution. Coverage 2010-11 has been increased by about 73% to under the scheme has reached upto 163 lakhs. Rs. 450 crore from Rs. 260 crore in 2009-10. During 2009-10, about 33,000 senior 3.5.2 Credit disbursal through the National citizens were benefited through old age homes, Handicapped Finance & Development day care centres and mobile medical units run by Corporation non-government organizations, assisted by the central government under the Scheme of During 2009-10, the National Integrated Programme for Older Persons. Handicapped Finance & Development 3.6.2 Benefits announced in the budget Corporation disbursed Rs. 30.8 crore covering 6093 beneficiaries. Outlay for various schemes for senior

Beneficiaries of Old Age Pension Scheme

16 Social Inclusion citizens has been increased nearly three-fold to forum to the aggrieved armed forces personnel. Rs.140 crore for the year 2010-11 as against Rs.37 The Tribunal was formally inaugurated by the crore in 2009-10. President on 8th August, 2009. The principal bench at New Delhi and regional benches at 3.7 Welfare of Ex-servicemen & Serving Lucknow, Chandigarh, Jaipur, Kochi, Chennai and Defence Service Personnel Kolkata have started functioning. The Tribunal 3.7.1 Welfare of ex-servicemen will provide for speedy dispensation of justice to It is a constant endeavour of the UPA the aggrieved armed forces personnel. government to provide suitable employment for To boost the morale of troops, who are ex-servicemen as also to impart necessary training posted in far flung border areas and face difficult to prepare them to take on new assignments/ topographic and climatic conditions, chartering jobs. This has enabled more than 50,000 of civil flights has been sanctioned for their faster ex-servicemen to obtain employment during movement during leave. This facility has also been 2009-10. provided to service personnel who are posted in The health coverage for the ex- Andaman & Nicobar Islands. servicemen has been widened by empanelling more civil hospitals and diagnostic centres. 3.7.4 Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme Disabled ex-servicemen are now entitled to get With a view to mitigate the hardship of prosthetic aid from an additional 149 Central their families, Prime Minister’s Scholarship Scheme Government Health Scheme empanelled centres was started under the aegis of the National apart from the Artificial Limb Centre, Pune. The Defence Fund. Under the scheme, scholarships membership of Ex-Servicemen Contributory are provided every year to wards of retired Health Scheme (ECHS) has crossed 30 lakhs. personnel and martyrs of armed and para-military Twenty one Rajya Sainik Boards (out of forces. In 2009-10, scholarships have been granted 32) and 184 Zila Sainik Boards (out of 358), which to 4,525 students amounting to Rs.7.40 crore. did not have information technology facilities, have been provided funds to procure computers 3.8 Welfare of Workers with internet facilities. 3.8.1 Welfare of workers in the unorganised 3.7.2 Welfare of defence service personnel sector and pensioners It has been decided to set up a National A committee was set up to give specific Social Security Fund for workers in the recommendations for the welfare of defence unorganized sector like weavers, toddy tappers, service personnel and pensioners. The rickshaw pullers and bidi workers with an initial recommendations were accepted by the UPA allocation of Rs. 1000 crore. government and this is likely to benefit about 12 3.8.2 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana lakh personnel. 99.03 lakh cards were issued during 2009- 3.7.3 Welfare of defence service personnel 10 for providing health insurance cover under the The UPA government has established an scheme. By now, 26 states / union territories have Armed Forces Tribunal to provide an appellate initiated the process to implement the scheme.

17 Social Inclusion

3.8.3 Welfare of workers in the organised priority. During 2009-10, various measures have sector been announced to increase the reach of banking Government has also taken important services to the excluded population of the steps for the benefit of workers in the organised country. The Reserve Bank of India has sector. Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 has permitted all scheduled commercial banks, been amended to enhance the benefits to the excluding regional rural banks, to open branches workers. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 has been in tier-III to tier-VI centres (with a population amended to raise the limit of maximum gratuity upto 49,999 as per 2001 census), without having payable from Rs.3.5 lakhs to Rs.10 lakhs. to take permission from the Reserve Bank of Comprehensive amendments have been made in India. Further, 5.63 crore “No Frill Accounts” the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 to have been opened by banks upto 31st December, improve the quality of delivery of health care 2009. The business correspondent model has and other benefits being provided to the insured been reviewed and certain additional entities such persons in the organized sector and also to enable as individual kirana/medical/fair price shop the ESI infrastructure to be used to provide health owners/public call office operators, agents of care to workers in the unorganised sector. small savings/insurance companies, owners of Plantations Labour Act, 1951 has been amended petrol pumps, retired teachers and authorised for providing safety and occupational health care functionaries of well run self- help groups, linked to plantations workers. to banks, have been allowed to be engaged as business correspondents. This is expected to scale 3.9 Financial Inclusion up substantially the financial inclusion efforts of Financial inclusion is an important banks.

Weaving Dreams of Self-Reliance

18 Rural Renewal

Rural Renewal

“In the history of independent India, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act has an exalted position in the formulation and implementation of social security policy. In many ways, MGNREGA represents an unparalleled example of our commitment to the poor and weaker sections of our society.”

— Smt. Sonia Gandhi Rural telephony Rural Renewal

4 Rural Renewal connected and around 35,500 kms of road length upgraded/renewed. 4.1.3 Rural water supply During the first phase, the emphasis was on providing safe drinking water to over 3.5 lakh habitations. With this work more or less complete, the priority has now shifted to cover water quality affected habitations. 28,672 habitations affected with chemical contamination have been provided safe drinking water. 4.1.4 Irrigation

Roads - Transforming Rural Life During the first phase, 73.1 lakh hectares of additional irrigation potential was created. 4.1 Bharat Nirman Additional irrigation potential of 7.11 lakh The UPA government remains hectares has been created thereafter. committed to ensuring inclusive growth by 4.1.5 Power improving rural infrastructure in a comprehensive manner through the second phase (2009-10 to In 2009-10, under the Rajiv Gandhi 2014-15) of Bharat Nirman. Efforts are being Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY), against continued to provide electricity, safe drinking a target of 17,500 un-electrified villages, 18,374 water, all weather roads, telephones and broadband connectivity to all eligible villages/ habitations and substantially augment rural housing stock and irrigation potential. 4.1.1 Rural housing 71.8 lakh houses were constructed during the first phase against a target of 60 lakhs. An ambitious target of constructing 120 lakh houses has been set for the second phase; against this, more than 31 lakh houses have already been constructed/upgraded at a cost of around Rs. 11,000 crore. 4.1.2 Rural roads Over 35,000 habitations have been connected with all weather roads and over 1,90,000 kms existing rural roads have been upgraded/renewed since Bharat Nirman was Impact of Rural Electrification launched. In 2009-10, 3344 habitations were

19 Rural Renewal villages have been electrified. Against a target of has provided nearly 600 crore person-days of 47 lakh BPL household connections, 47.18 lakh work at a total expenditure of around Rs. 70,000 BPL households have been given free electricity crore. During 2009-10, about 4.90 crore connections. households have been provided employment through 40.98 lakh works with 251 crore person- 4.1.6 Rural telecommunication days of employment being generated at a total Under Bharat Nirman, villages not expenditure of Rs. 33,087 crore. The average having access to public telephones were to be wage rate per day has increased from Rs. 65 in provided with Village Public Telephones (VPTs). 2006-07 to Rs. 90 in 2009-10. 5,69,385 villages, out of a total of 5,93,601 villages Several amendments have been made in in the country, have been provided with VPTs, as the schedules of the Mahatma Gandhi National on 31st March 2010. Out of 2,50,000 targeted Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) village panchayats, about a third have been to facilitate its implementation. These include connected through broadband. amendments to ensure transparency regarding 4.2 Rural Employment custody of job cards and details to be contained 4.2.1 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural in them, disbursement of wages through banks Employment Guarantee Scheme and post offices, maintenance of records, proactive disclosure of information and processes and Since its inception in 2006, the scheme procedures to be followed during social audits. An Empowered Committee has been set up, at the national level, to evolve clear criteria for fund release on the basis of state labour budgets. States have been permitted to use 6% of the budget available as administrative expenses for personnel, information technology, monitoring, training, publicity, social audit and grievance redressal. Utmost importance has been accorded to organizing social audits by gram panchayats. Social audit has been conducted in 76% of the gram panchayats. It has been decided to appoint persons of eminence and proven integrity as ombudsmen in every district to ensure grievance redressal and disposal of complaints under MGNREGA. A toll free National Helpline 1800110707 has been established to enable the submission of complaints and queries to the Ministry for the protection of workers entitlements and rights under the Act. Rural Employment under MGNREGA Wages are being paid to the beneficiaries

20 Rural Renewal under MGNREGA through post office and savings bank accounts. As of February 2010, more than 9 crore savings bank and post office accounts have been opened across the country for distribution of wages under the scheme. 4.3 Agriculture - Towards Food Security and Welfare of Farmers 4.3.1 Managing the drought of 2009 The nation faced a severe drought in 2009. The UPA government approved assistance Sprinkler Irrigation amounting to Rs. 4806 crore from the National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF) to help of 6.23 million hectares in 22 states. With a view mitigate the effects of the drought. Various to preventing soil erosion and land degradation measures were taken to deal with the situation, and maintaining balance in different types of land including introduction of a diesel subsidy scheme, use, a central scheme i.e. National Watershed for supplementary irrigation to save standing Development Project for Rainfed Areas is being crops, additional allocation of power from the implemented. Upto January 2010, an area of 17.92 central pool, issuing of appropriate agricultural million hectares has been covered. advisories, ensuring availability of inputs, 4.3.3 Focus on inputs providing additional subsidy for certified seeds to enable the states to take up contingent (a) Seeds cropping in unsown/germination failed areas and The farmer’s participatory system of permitting use of funds under centrally seed production was given an impetus under the sponsored schemes for creation of agriculture Seed Village Scheme by organizing more than infrastructure to achieve higher production. The 65,000 seed villages facilitated by an allocation impact of drought on crop production was which was two times higher than the allocation mitigated by the resilience shown by our farmers in the last four years put together. supported by the timely measures taken by the central and state governments. (b) Fertilisers 4.3.2 Investing in land - National Watershed Fertilizer is a key input for increasing Development Programme agricultural production and productivity. The demand for major fertilizers has been the highest The Desert Development Programme ever during the year 2009-10. The UPA (DDP), the Drought Prone Areas Programme government has been able to manage the demand (DPAP) and the Integrated Wastelands in spite of the fact that the domestic production Development Programme (IWDP) have been of urea has been stagnant and reliance has had to integrated into a comprehensive Integrated be placed on imports for meeting the requirement. Watershed Management Programme (IWMP). Central assistance of Rs. 501.46 crore has been Nutrient based subsidy policy for all provided to 1326 projects covering a total area fertilizers, other than urea, has been introduced

21 Rural Renewal from 1st April 2010 to correct the imbalance in nutrient application, encourage production of soil specific fertilizers containing micro-nutrients and encourage efficient production of fertilizers. (c) Credit Rs. 2,66,433 crore (upto January 2010) has been disbursed as credit in 2009-10. Farmers are receiving crop loans upto a principal amount of Rs. 3 lakh at 7% rate of interest. The UPA government is providing an additional 1% interest subvention as incentive to those farmers who Better Technology for Food Security repay short term crop loans as per schedule. To ensure democratic, autonomous and professional Over 41.60 lakh farmers, including 8.49 lakh functioning of cooperatives, the government has women farmers, have benefited under the scheme initiated a proposal for amendment to the during 2009-10. As many as 14,252 farmer interest Constitution. The Constitution (111th groups have been mobilised during 2009-10. amendment) bill, 2009 has been introduced in the 4.3.7 National Horticulture Mission Lok Sabha. An amount of Rs. 800 crore was released 4.3.4 National Food Security Mission during 2009-10. Due to interventions under the Substantial increases have been National Horticulture Mission, production of recorded in production and productivity of rice fruits, vegetables and spices has increased by and wheat. The System of Rice Intensification 25.6%, 22% and 11.9% respectively during 2009- aiming at conservation of inputs such as seed, 10 over 2005-06. Per capita availability of fruits water, fertilizers and hybrid rice cultivation has and vegetables has increased to 164gm/person/ been promoted through large scale day and 322 gm/person/day respectively, during demonstrations. An amount of Rs. 1019.16 2009-10 as compared to 138 gm/person/day and crore was released during 2009-10. 279 gm/person/day, respectively, during 2005-06. 4.3.5 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana 4.3.8 Food processing industries Funds of the order of Rs.3761.43 crore The first Mega Food Park has been set were released to States/UTs during 2009-10. up at Haridwar in Uttarakhand under the flagship Outlays for 2010-11 have been substantially scheme of Mega Food Parks. Mega Food Parks increased to Rs. 6722 crore. The scheme has acted at Sirni in Andhra Pradesh, Ranchi in Jharkhand, as a catalyst for more investment in the agriculture Nalbari in Assam, Dharampuri in Tamil Nadu, and allied sectors in the states. Jangipur in West Bengal are at different stages of implementation with a total project cost of over 4.3.6 Extension reforms Rs. 650 crore. Support to state extension reform 4.3.9 Animal husbandry programmes is currently operational in 591 rural districts of 29 states and two union territories. The UPA government has extended the

22 Rural Renewal

Livestock Insurance Scheme from 100 selected bodies in 246 districts. It has met felt local needs. districts to 300 selected districts in December, 2009. 4.4.2 e-Governance for Panchayati Raj A new centrally sponsored scheme Institutions Poultry Development has been launched in 2009- An ambitious plan for providing 10 at a total outlay of Rs.150 crore for the 11th computing facilities, along with connectivity to Five Year Plan. A component of the scheme Rural all the 2.36 lakh panchayats has been prepared Backyard Poultry Development is meant for the entailing a cost of around Rs. 6000 crore over below poverty line section of people to enable three years. Detailed project reports for each them to derive supplementary income and State/UT were prepared in 2009-10 for ensuring nutritional support. smooth roll out of the e-Panchayat programme 4.4 Panchayati Raj that would ensure delivery of a wide range of IT enabled services. While common service 4.4.1 Backward Regions Grant Fund centres will be one of the front-ends for citizen- The Backward Regions Grant Fund centric services, e-Panchayat will facilitate back- programme is being implemented through end processing in panchayat offices. panchayats in 250 identified districts. The 4.4.3 Reservation for women in panchayats programme aims at removing regional imbalances by bridging critical gaps in development and For ensuring 50% reservation for women encouraging decentralized planning. More than at all levels in the three tiers of panchayats, a bill Rs.3600 crore were released to the identified was introduced in the Lok Sabha to amend districts in 2009-10. A major achievement was Article 243D of the Constitution. Presently, out preparation of decentralized plans by the local of around 28.18 lakh elected representatives of panchayats, only 37% are women. 4.4.4 Year of the Gram Sabha 50 years of panchayti raj was commemorated on 2nd October 2009. Given the criticality of gram sabhas in self-governance and ensuring transparent & accountable functioning of gram panchayats, the period 2nd October 2009 to 2nd October 2010 is being observed as ‘Year of Focus on Modern Agro Technology the Gram Sabha”.

23 Rural Renewal

Transparency in Rural Employment

24 Transforming Cities

Transforming Cities

“In the next 20 years, our urban population might well double. This is both a challenge and a unique opportunity and will require concerted action across all tiers of our federal system of governance if we are to meet this challenge head on and effectively.”

— Dr. Manmohan Singh Modern Infrastructure Facilities Transforming Cities

5 Transforming Cities The UPA government has launched a pilot scheme for development of urban 5.1 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban infrastructure in satellite towns, around the seven Renewal Mission (JNNURM) mega cities, with an outlay of Rs. 500 crore. As on 31st March 2010, 524 projects have Implementation of the first phase of the been sanctioned under the Urban Infrastructure North Eastern Region Urban Development Governance (UIG) component of JNNURM at Programme (NERUDP) with an outlay of Rs. an approved cost of over Rs.58,000 crore 1371 crore commenced in 2009-10. including Additional Central Assistance (ACA) of more than Rs. 27,000 crore; around Rs. 12,300 5.2 Mass Transport - Metro Projects and crore have been released for implementation of Buses projects and procurement of buses. Under the 45.83 km of metro line was added in Urban Infrastructure Development of Small & Delhi and the National Capital Region; NOIDA Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) component of was connected to the Delhi Metro network. New JNNURM, 763 projects have been sanctioned at metro projects were taken up in Chennai for an approved cost of about Rs. 12,900 crore with 45.046 kms at a total cost of Rs.14600 crore and additional central assistance of over Rs. 10400 in Mumbai for 11.07 kms at a cost of about crore; more than Rs. 6100 crore have been Rs. 2356 crore. released to various states. 61 projects under UIG and 102 projects under UIDSSMT have been Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in completed by 31st March 2010. Ahmedabad, a JNNURM initiative of the Central

Flyover Constructed under JNNURM

25 Transforming Cities

New MCD Building in Delhi government, was commissioned for 18 kms. It 1.5 million houses for the poor and slum dwellers has won the national best Mass Transit Project has been approved. award and the international best Sustainable A new scheme called the Rajiv Awas Urban Transport Project award. Yojana has been announced for slum dwellers and 15,260 modern intelligent transport the urban poor, aimed at ushering in a slum-free enabled buses were sanctioned for 61 cities under India by providing access to affordable housing JNNURM for augmenting and modernizing city for the urban poor. transportation, out of which about 6500 buses 5.4 Public-Private Partnership (PPP) have been put into operation. initiatives 5.3 Housing for the urban poor Forty seven PPP projects have been Of the projects sanctioned under the approved under the India Infrastructure Project JNNURM so far, an investment of around Development Fund and 68 projects with PPP Rs. 36,000 crore is devoted to the programmes components have been approved under the UIG for basic services to urban poor and the component of JNNURM. development of slums. Construction of around

26 Economic Resurgence

Economic Resurgence

“I am happy to say that India has been able to face the global economic downturn better than most other countries in the world….This performance in highly adverse circumstances indicates the resilience of our economy. It also vindicates to a large extent, the corrective action taken by our government to manage the downturn.”

— Dr. Manmohan Singh Cold Rolling Mill Complex at Salem Steel Plant under Construction Economic Resurgence

6 Economic Resurgence by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The fiscal stimulus was 6.1 Macroeconomic Overview continued in the Union budget 2009-10. Economic growth Investment climate The Indian economy grew at an average (i) A major exercise was undertaken to annual rate of 9.5 per cent during 2005-06 to consolidate existing regulations on Foreign Direct 2007-08. Following the global financial crisis, the Investment (FDI). Now all information on FDI growth of the Indian economy slowed down to policy is available at one place, leading to greater a level of 6.7 per cent during 2008-09. The year, clarity and understanding among foreign investors 2009-10, showed clear signs of recovery with the and sectoral regulators. rate of growth being estimated at 7.2 per cent. This has occurred, despite a decline of 0.2 per (ii) Invest India, a joint venture company cent in agricultural output on account of sub- between the Department of Industrial Policy & normal monsoons. The recovery has been Promotion and FICCI, is being set up as a not- marked by renewed momentum in the for-profit, single window facilitator for manufacturing sector, which grew by 8.9 per cent prospective overseas investors and to act as a in 2009-10, compared to 3.2 per cent in 2008-09. structured mechanism to attract investment. Stimulus measures (iii) Despite the reduction in global FDI inflows, the FDI equity inflows in the current The recovery of the Indian economy financial year upto February 2010 was around US owes largely to the stimulus measures initiated

International Container Transhipment Terminal Near Completion at Kochi Port

27 Economic Resurgence

$ 24.68 billion, which was comparable to the movement of food articles under the Essential FDI equity inflows of the previous year despite Commodities Act of 1955, permitting imports the general fall of global FDI inflows. of pulses and sugar by public sector undertakings, distribution of imported pulses and edible oils Price situation through the public distribution system. Apart The year 2009 started with low headline from improving availability through a more liberal WPI inflation of 1.3 per cent in April, 2009 and import policy, the UPA government increased the decelerated to the negative zone during June to levy percentage of sugar from 10% to 20%. August, 2009. Subsequent gradual increase in A Standing Core Group of Chief WPI inflation could be attributed to expectations Ministers and some Central Ministers has been of supply-side constraints of food items, constituted on 15th March, 2010 to consider especially due to the unfavorable south-west issues related to prices of essential commodities. monsoon. The first meeting of the Core Group took place, The UPA government has taken a under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister number of short term and medium term on 8th April 2010. measures to improve domestic availability of 6.1.2 Reforms essential commodities and moderate inflation. There are enough food grains to intervene in the Direct Tax Code market to keep the prices at reasonable level. A To consolidate and carry forward the strategic reserve of five million tonnes of wheat reforms in direct taxes, a draft Direct Taxes Code, and rice has also been created. Allocation to State along with a discussion paper, were released for governments under the Open Market Sales public comment. It aims to improve the Scheme (domestic) for release of 20.00 lakh efficiency and equity of the tax system and tonnes of wheat has been made to check promote voluntary compliance. inflationary trends in the food economy from October 2009 to March 2010. The Central Issue Goods & Services Tax Price (CIP) for rice and wheat has been On Goods and Services Tax (GST), the maintained to protect the poor. Further, in order focus has been on generating a wide consensus to check the inflationary trend in prices of rice, on its design. The Empowered Committee of a quantity of 10 lakh tonnes of rice was allocated State Finance Ministers has placed the discussion during October 2009 to March 2010 to State paper on GST in the public domain. There is governments for distribution to retail consumers. active engagement with the Empowered The Reserve Bank of India has taken Committee to finalize the structure of GST as measures for demand management in order to well as the modalities of its expeditious control inflationary expectations. implementation. Other measures taken to contain prices People’s ownership of public sector of essential commodities include a selective ban enterprises on exports and futures trading in food grains, The disinvestment policy envisages zero import duty on select food items, removal development of ‘People’s Ownership’ of public of restrictions on licensing, stock limits and

28 Economic Resurgence sector enterprises to share in their wealth and of shareholders and other stakeholders and also prosperity while retaining majority ownership and ensure transparency in the operations of CPSEs. control with government. It has been decided to Comprehensive guidelines on Corporate list the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs), Social Responsibility (CSR) for CPSEs have been which have been making profits in the last three issued. These guidelines require CPSEs to move years, on the Indian stock exchanges through from an ad-hoc to a project based approach public offerings out of government’s towards CSR aimed at serving the larger interests shareholding or issue of fresh shares or a of the society. Profit making CPSEs are now combination of both. Disinvestment in CPSEs required to allocate a specified percentage of their through public offers has helped to unlock the net profit towards a non-lapsable CSR budget. value of these companies. 6.2.2 Manufacturing sector In 2009-10, five public issues were completed and the funds raised by the The impact of the global economic crisis government amounted to Rs. 23,552.97 crore. in 2008-09 resulted in overall industrial growth The disinvestment proceeds are being used for declining severely. 2009-10 saw a reversal of this funding the capital expenditure under the social trend, in all segments of industry. sector schemes of the government like the Growth in manufacturing, which had Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment dipped to (-) 0.6 per cent in October 2008, in the Guarantee Scheme, the Indira Awas Yojana, the wake of the crisis, started recovering from June Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Vidyutikaran Yojana, the 2009. The manufacturing sector has been the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal key driver in this revival of industrial growth. It Mission, Accelerated Irrigation Benefits recorded a cumulative growth of 9.9 per cent in Programme and Accelerated Power Development (April-January) 2009-10 as compared to 3.4 and Reform Programme. percent in (April-January) 2008-09. The recovery 6.2 Industrial Performance in the manufacturing sector has been driven by domestic demand, backed by well-calibrated 6.2.1 Public Sector Enterprises adjustments in monetary and fiscal policies, With a view to empower mega CPSEs including the fiscal stimulus. to expand their operations and emerge as global National Manufacturing Competitiveness giants, the UPA government approved the Council (NMCC), an apex forum for introduction of “Maharatna” category for CPSEs. recommending appropriate policy initiatives in the Under this scheme, boards of Maharatna CPSEs manufacturing sector, is formulating a detailed will exercise additional powers in areas of strategy, in consultation with the relevant ministries, investment in joint ventures/subsidiaries and to accelerate the growth of the manufacturing creation of posts. sector and enhance its global competitiveness. The UPA government also approved the 6.2.3 Corporate governance reforms continuation of Guidelines on Corporate Governance for CPSEs on a mandatory basis. The first ever India Corporate Week The continued implementation of these 2009 was organised by the government which guidelines will facilitate protection of the interest brought together trade and industry chambers,

29 Economic Resurgence professionals, business entities and other on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises stakeholders in 124 events throughout the (MSMEs), including those in the area of credit, country. marketing, labour, rehabilitation and exit policy, infrastructure, technology, skill development, Voluntary guidelines on corporate social taxation and development of MSMEs in the responsibility were released to promote socially North-East and Jammu & Kashmir. A Council and environmentally responsible business on MSMEs, under the chairmanship of the Prime practices in the Indian corporate sector. Minister, has been constituted to lay down the Over 300 investor awareness camps were broad policy guidelines and review the organized with the help of professional bodies, development of the MSME sector. For ensuring NGOs and multi-media, multi-lingual timely/speedy implementation of the advertisement campaigns were undertaken to recommendations of the Task Force and follow- reach out to the common investors to help them up on the decisions of the Prime Minister’s understand their rights and responsibilities. Council on MSMEs, a Steering Group, under the The Companies Bill, 2009 which seeks chairmanship of Principal Secretary to the Prime to replace the existing Companies Act, has been Minister, has been constituted. introduced in Parliament. The bill incorporates A loan agreement for $ 150 million has a number of investor protection measures and it been signed between the Government of India will encourage responsible corporate behaviour and the Asian Development Bank for through innovative provisions of law. implementing the comprehensive Khadi Reform 6.2.4 Heavy Industries Programme. Under this programme, the government proposes to revitalize the Khadi and The aggregate turnover of 32 CPSEs, Village Industries (KVI) sector. under the Department of Heavy Industries, increased by 14.02% (over the previous year) to 6.2.6 Sectoral performance Rs. 38,628 crore. Aggregate profit before tax Telecommunications increased by 21.62% to Rs. 4247 crore. Exports During the year 2009-2010, the number of goods and services increased by 64% to of telephone connections is estimated to have Rs. 13,522 crore. gone up by over 44%, which included an increase A revival package was implemented in of about 60% in rural telephone connections. respect of Instrumentation Ltd, Kota and the Teledensity is estimated to have increased by 42%, Hindustan Photo Films, Ooty, Tamil Nadu. A including a 58% increase in rural teledensity. total of Rs. 137.11 crore was released as support Number of wireless connections is estimated to for salary/wages and statutory dues to 10 sick have gone up by nearly 49%, while broadband and loss making CPSEs. connections are estimated to have increased from 6.2.5 Micro, Small and Medium 62.2 lakh to 88 lakh over the year. Enterprises Auction of 3G and Broadband Wireless The government has accepted the Access (BWA) spectrum commenced as recommendations of the high-level Task Force scheduled. On completion of auction and

30 Economic Resurgence

A Worker at New Diamond Mine at Panna, MP allotment of spectrum, next generation telephony In order to create a conducive will become a reality, enabling high-speed data environment for the high technology, capital- transfer, leading to a paradigm shift from mobile intensive semiconductor industry and other high connections to mobile applications. tech electronic items, a Special Incentives Package st The functioning of BSNL has been Scheme (SIPS) was in operation till 31 March reviewed by a high-level committee, whose 2010. During 2009-10, in response to an in recommendations are under consideration. principle communication sent to thirteen solar photovoltaic industry applicants, six applicants Information Technology reported financial closure for an amount exceeding The Information Technology-Information Rs 1000 crore. The total investment proposed Technology Enabled Services - (IT-ITES) industry by these six applicants, over a period of 10 years, revenue (both exports and domestic) is expected to is around Rs. 41,000 crore. have grown in 2009-10 by over 6 percent. Domestic Chemicals & petrochemicals business process outsourcing revenue is estimated to have increased by 22 per cent. The Petroleum Chemicals & Petrochemicals Investment Regions (PCPIR) To stimulate the growth of information policy ensures a holistic approach to the technology and information technology enabled development of global scale industrial clusters in services, and electronics hardware manufacturing the petroleum, chemical and petrochemical sectors sectors, a task force was set up in August 2009 with world class infrastructure. Proposals and it has submitted its report in December 2009.

31 Economic Resurgence for setting up PCPIRs in Andhra Pradesh A special task force constituted in the Indian (Vishakapatnam-Kakinada Rajahmundry region), Bureau of Mines has inspected 106 mines and West Bengal (Haldia) and Gujarat (Bharuch) have suspended mining operations in 60 cases. been approved. The industrial investment in these Steel regions is expected to be around Rs. 5,00,000 crore and the employment generation India emerged as the third largest steel is expected to be to the tune of 30 lakh persons. producer in the world during the calendar year Memoranda of Agreement have been executed 2009; capacity for crude steel production grew with the State governments of Andhra Pradesh, from 66.36 million tonnes in 2008-09 to 72.76 West Bengal and Gujarat. million tonnes in 2009-10. Mining Public sector steel companies recorded a combined profit after tax of around Rs. 7800 A complete and holistic reform in the crore during the first nine months of 2009-10. mining sector is being attempted through a new legislation governing the development and Various innovative R&D proposals and regulation of mines and minerals. The reform research projects were approved at a cost of process will place sustainability and local area around Rs. 46 crore for enhancing the development at the centre stage of the reform productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of process. It will bring about transparency, ensure the steel industry. equity, provide a mechanism for addressing issues Textiles of delay and discretion, along with incentives to encourage induction of high technology for Total fibre production increased by exploration and for scientific mining practices. 8.78% and fabric by 9.32% compared to 2008- 09. Production of raw silk increased from 18,370 A new royalty regime has been MT in 2008-09 to 19,575 MT in 2009-10. introduced and notified for major minerals, by Employment in the silk sector also increased from adopting an ad-valorem principle, wherever 63 lakhs in 2008-09 to 65.8 lakh in 2009-10. feasible. The new rates have been finalized in consultation with the major mineral producing An ambitious Skill Development Mission states. With the revision, the annual royalty to train 31 lakh workers over a period of five revenues of States are likely to go up from about years has been announced with a proposed outlay Rs. 2400 crore to Rs. 4500 crore per annum. of Rs. 2200 crore. Rs. 2885 crore were disbursed in 2009-10 as subsidy under the Technology Stringent action is being taken to prevent Upgradation Fund Scheme; out of this Rs. 2546 illegal mining. Increasing use is being made of crore were credited to the bank accounts of modern technologies like satellite imagery and the 12,514 beneficiaries in a record time of 72 hours. geo-referencing of boundaries using Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Various measures, Under the Scheme for Integrated Textile including the regulation of the transport of Parks (SITP), of the 40 parks sanctioned, minerals, by rail, road and ports, compulsory infrastructure development has been completed registration of end-users and constant monitoring in five parks in 2009-10 and production has of endemic areas are being firmly implemented. commenced in 17 parks.

32 Economic Resurgence

Handloom Craftsmanship on Display

Seventeen mills have been modernized Under the Handloom Weavers by the National Textiles Corporation, of which Comprehensive Welfare Scheme 16.11 lakh seven mills were inaugurated during 2009-10. weavers and ancillary workers were provided health insurance coverage and 4.50 lakh weavers During 2009-10, two Cotton Sales and ancillary workers were provided life insurance Depots at Coimbatore and Rajapalayam in Tamil coverage. Under the Rajiv Gandhi Shilpi Swasthya Nadu and the National Institute of Fashion Bima Yojana, 8.02 lakh artisans were provided Technology (NIFT) Centre at Kangra in with health insurance coverage. Himachal Pradesh were inaugurated. 25,000 Artisan Credit Cards have been Handlooms and handicrafts issued to artisans under the Credit Guarantee To develop powerlooms, handlooms Scheme. and handicrafts in public private partnership It has been decided to train 1,00,155 mode, development of five new mega clusters artisans for upgrading their skills under the was initiated during 2009-10, in Bhilwara, Ambedkar Hastshilp Vikas Yojana, the Human Mirzapur-Bhadohi, Srinagar, Virudh Nagar and Resource Development and the Design & Murshidabad. For self-sustainability and Technology Upgradation Schemes. empowerment of handloom weavers and handicraft artisans and also to ensure holistic Jute growth and development of these segments, 52 The minimum support price for raw jute new clusters in the handloom sector and 122 has been increased from Rs. 1250 per quintal in new clusters in handicraft sector were taken up jute year 2008-09 to Rs. 1375 in jute year 2009-10. in 2009-10.

33 Economic Resurgence

The revival package of the National Jute (iii) Under the stimulus package, ECGC was Manufactures Corporation (NJMC) has been provided Rs.350 crore to provide additional approved, which envisages operationalization of support to export sector in view of the global the Kinnison and Khardah jute mills in West financial crisis. Bengal and the Rai Bahadur Hadrat Roy Motilal Free Trade Agreements Jute Mill in Bihar. To deepen economic engagement with The Jute Diversified Product Export East Asia and provide new market opportunities Promotional Council has been set up to boost for our exporters, India signed two landmark export of jute diversified products. Free Trade Agreements in 2009. 6.2.7 Commerce (i) Trade in Goods Agreement under the The Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14 was India-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement announced with the objective of arresting decline in exports caused by the global financial crisis. (ii) India-South Korea Comprehensive Policy measures implemented include fiscal Economic Partnership Agreement incentives, enhanced marked access and Delhi Ministerial meeting to revive WTO diversification of export markets, technological negotiations upgradation and procedural rationalization to India took the initiative to break the reduce transaction cost and to create new impasse in the Doha Round negotiations by employment opportunities. Additional support volunteering to host an informal Ministerial was provided for the following employment meeting of about 30 WTO member countries. intensive sectors - (i) agriculture and village The Delhi Ministerial meeting on 3-4 September industries (ii) handlooms (iii) handicrafts (iv)gems 2009, was the first occasion since July 2008 that and jewellery (v) leather and footwear (vi) marine Ministers representing practically all shades of products. The policy measures resulted in arresting opinion and interests in the WTO came together the decline in exports and enabled export growth and unanimously affirmed the need to revive the to turn positive since November 2009. talks. Export Promotion Initiatives Infrastructure (i) To expand market access for exporters (i) Creation of export related infrastructure was supported through. Assistance to States for in non-traditional and high growth economies, Developing Export Infrastructure and Allied enhanced financial support under Market Access Activities (ASIDE) scheme Initiatives Scheme was provided. (ii) Bamboo Park at Bodhjunga Nagar, (ii) To help exporters cope with higher Tripura has been approved. risk owing to the global recession, Export Credit Guarantee Corporation India Ltd (ECGC) (iii) Development of Land Custom System (LCS) at Dalu and Ghasupara, Mehgalaya provided higher risk insurance cover and also has been approved. settled claims amounting to Rs.642 crore in 2009- 10 compared to Rs.450 crore in 2008-09. (iv) Trade Facilitation Centre at Salambad and Chakan-da-bah, J&K has been approved.

34 Economic Resurgence

6.2.8 Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor 531.69 million tonnes (MT) as against 492.94 MT during 2008-09, a growth of 7.86%. DMIC aims to leverage the infrastructure being created under the Dedicated The Master Plan dealing with fire, Freight Corridor project to create a strong subsidence, rehabilitation and diversion of surface economic base with globally competitive infrastructure in Jharia and Raniganj coalfields, environment and state-of-the-art infrastructure to within the leasehold of Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. activate local commerce, enhance investments and and Eastern Coalfield Ltd. respectively, was attain sustainable development in the identified approved in August, 2009 at an estimated area in six states. investment of Rs. 9773.84 crore. Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor Guidelines for mine closure have been Development Corporation (DMICDC) has issued in August, 2009 to facilitate rehabilitation signed Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) of the mined out areas in a systematic and an with all the six DMIC states for preparation of environment friendly manner. perspective and development plan. Perspective Guidelines for carrying out commercial plan for overall DMIC Region has been exploitation of underground coal gasification completed and pre-feasibility studies of individual have been issued in July 2009. Five lignite blocks projects are under way. Loan Agreement for US and two coal blocks have been identified for offer $ 75 million between India Infrastructure Finance to potential entrepreneurs. Company Limited (IIFCL) and Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) has been The Mines and Mineral (Development signed. DMICDC has also signed an MoU with & Regulation) Act, 1957 is being amended to Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) for allow for competitive bidding for the allocation “Development of Smart Communities and of coal blocks and to make the selection process Eco-friendly Townships”. more transparent and objective. 6.3 Energy The acquisition of coal properties abroad has been encouraged for providing energy security. 6.3.1 Coal Coal India Limited (CIL) has floated a global Coal production during 2009-10 was expression of interest to select strategic partners. It has been awarded two blocks containing about one billion tonne of coal reserves in Mozambique for exploration and development. 6.3.2 Power During the year 2009-10, a capacity of 9585 MW has been commissioned. Under the Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Programme (APDRP), projects worth Rs. 6242.26 crore were sanctioned and Rs. 1331.46 crore disbursed to the state power Modern Open Cast Coal Mine utilities in the financial year 2009-10.

35 Economic Resurgence

ONGC Offshore Platform at Mumbai High Government revisited some of the 6.3.3 Petroleum and natural gas provisions of the present Mega Power Policy and Great emphasis has been placed on brought them in line with the National Electricity enhancing energy security through rapid Policy, 2005 and Tariff Policy, 2006. exploration of domestic oil and gas reserves, Improving the efficiency of coal fired combined with acquisition abroad and units has been the main focus of the low carbon enhancement of refining capacity. growth strategy for the power sector. Induction During the current year, the domestic of efficient super-critical units has been given production of natural gas has seen an 80% priority. Presently, 40 supercritical units of 660/ increase. Additional gas has been allocated to 800 MW are under construction. various priority sectors like power, fertilizer, steel, Efforts have also been made to attract LPG, city gas, refineries, etc. The domestic crude international manufacturers for taking up oil production during 2009-10 has increased by manufacturing in India for supercritical boilers 7% over last year. Crude oil production from and turbine generators. In order to facilitate initial Barmer in Rajasthan has commenced. orders to indigenous manufacturers of ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) is supercritical equipment, government has producing oil and gas in seven countries viz., approved a proposal to invite bids for boilers and Sudan, Vietnam, Venezuela, Russia, Syria, Brazil turbine generators for eleven units of five and Columbia. supercritical projects with mandatory condition of setting up phased manufacturing facilities in The country is not only self-sufficient in the country.

36 Economic Resurgence refining capacity for its domestic consumption 2009. Dabhol LNG terminal, with 5 MMTPA but is also exporting petroleum products. capacity, is expected to be commissioned shortly. During 2009-10, international oil prices 6.3.4 Nuclear Energy have been volatile and the Indian basket of crude With the commissioning of the oil has ranged between $ 47 and $ 81 per barrel. Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 5 & 6 However, the UPA government has successfully during the year, the total installed capacity of insulated the consumer from the high volatility nuclear power has reached 4560 MWe with 19 of international oil prices. reactors being operational. Four more reactors The Rajiv Gandhi Gramin LPG Vitrak are under advanced stages of construction and Yojana (RGGLVY) for small size LPG on completion will take the installed capacity to distribution agencies has been launched. To begin 7280 MWe by 2011. with, eight states, where the reach of LPG is very 6.3.5 New and Renewable Sources low, namely Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar The government notified a new Pradesh and West Bengal, have been taken up. generation based incentive scheme for wind power developers in November 2009 which In order to handle increased LNG would bring independent power producers and import, additional infrastructure is being created foreign direct investment in the wind power sector in the country. The capacity of Petronet LNG and facilitate advancement of technology, better Limited’s (PLL) Dahej LNG terminal has been operating procedures and create a competitive expanded from 5 MMTPA to 10 MMTPA in July, edge for efficient technologies.

Rajasthan Atomic Power Plant

37 Economic Resurgence

Modern Airport at Calicut

6.4 Transport Infrastructure The government has taken proactive steps to streamline the process for award of 6.4.1 Roads: Picking up speed projects and further improve the standard bidding The government has set a target of documents like the Request For Qualification developing 7000 km of National Highways per (RFQ), Request For Proposals (RFP) and Model year, which translates into 20 km per day. To Concession Agreement (MCA). A multi-pronged achieve this ambitious target, there has been a strategy has been worked out to address the major thrust towards award of projects. During problems in land acquisition, including creation 2009-10, 38 projects for 3360 km were awarded. of 117 special land acquisition units. Several steps Evaluation of bids is under process for 21 have been taken towards restructuring of NHAI projects for 1568 km and bids have been invited including, inter-alia, its decentralisation with the for another 20 projects for 1991 km. creation of 10 regional offices. In terms of completion of highway Feasibility studies for four new projects, 13,731 km of national highways have expressways namely Vadodara-Mumbai, been completed under the National Highway Bangalore-Chennai, Kolkata-Dhanbad and Delhi- Development Project (NHDP) at an investment Meerut are at an advanced stage. of Rs. 92,801 crore in 2009-10, 2693 km of Under the special project for developing national highways were completed against an roads in left wing extremism affected areas, during average of 1507 km over the last three years. The 2009-10 sanction for 2287 km, costing Rs. 2551 pace of development of national highways has crore, has been issued and works for 147 km have picked up, touching 12 km a day in February 2010. been awarded.

38 Economic Resurgence

An ambitious plan has been prepared of 2009-10 are South West pier, integrated processor converting all single/intermediate-lane National terminal, baggage handling system in the new Highways to at least two-lane standard has been domestic terminal and six passenger boarding prepared. A total of nearly 12,200 km of such bridges in the new domestic terminal. The new highways, that are not the part of NHDP, are Terminal 1C has been formally opened on being taken up under various schemes for this 17th April 2010. purpose. Helping Sustain Air India 6.4.2 Civil Aviation The National Aviation Company of World Class Infrastructure India Ltd (NACIL) is being restructured. A decision has been taken to infuse a sum of Rs 2650 crore has been invested by the Rs. 2000 crore as equity in NACIL, out of which Airports Authority of India for strengthening Rs. 800 crore has already been released. In order infrastructure in 2009-10. to streamline the operations of NACIL a The modernization of 35 non-metro professional Chief Operating Officer is being airports, viz Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Guwahati, appointed for the first time. Jaipur, Udaipur, Thiruvananthapuram, Lucknow, Adherence to International Standards in Air Goa, Madurai, Mangalore, Agatti, Aurangabad, Safety Khajuraho, Surat, Vadodara, Bhopal, Indore, Nagpur, Vishakhapatnam, Trichy, Bhuvaneshwar, Seven amendments were carried out in Coimbatore, Patna, Port Blair, Varanasi, Agartala, the Air Craft Rules, 1937 and the Aircraft Dehradun, Imphal, Ranchi, Raipur, Agra, (Carriage of Dangerous Goods) Rules 2003 to Chandigarh, Dimapur, Jammu and Pune is keep abreast with the international standards and underway by the Airports Authority of India. the latest developments in the civil aviation sector. The development work of airports at Agra, Amendments of Air Services Agreements Agartala, Amritsar, Dehradun, Jaipur, Mangalore, (ASAs) with foreign countries Nagpur and Vishakhapatnam has completed in 2009-10 and these airports have been put in Bilateral air services consultations were operation. held in 2009 with a number of countries viz. Qatar, France, Netherlands. Nepal, Portugal, Airports at Delhi and Mumbai Kenya, Azerbaijan, Bhutan and Czech Republic Indira Gandhi International airport at and the respective Air Services Agreements have Delhi, designed to cater to 100 million passengers been amended and finalized as per International per annum by 2036, is soon going to be fully Civil Aviation Organization templates. operational, well in time for the Commonwealth 6.4.3 Ports Games 2010. During the year 2009-10, 13 port sector The target date for completion of PPP projects, with private sector investment of development of Chatrapati Shivaji International Rs. 2653 crore and capacity of 65.65 MTPA were Airport is 31st December 2012 at an estimated awarded. cost of Rs 9802 crore. The major development works completed during the first half of Substantial progress has been made in

39 Economic Resurgence

Container Terminal at Chennai Port the construction of the international container annum along with rapid expansion and transhipment terminal at Cochin port. modernization of network and services, augmentation of capacity and delivery of low cost The second container terminal at and high quality service to the citizens. It also Chennai port, with a capacity of 9.6 MTPA, has reiterates its resolve to strengthen national been operationalised. integration, foster inclusive and environmentally Inland Waterways Transport (IWT) sustainable growth and generate large scale terminals at Bolghatty and Wellington Island are employment for the people. being constructed in collaboration with Kochi Despite the global economic meltdown, Port Trust to provide IWT connectivity to a growth of 6.56% in freight loading has been Vallarpadam container transhipment terminal and achieved in the year 2009-10. The lead has increased to facilitate container movement from existing from 646 km in 2009 to 658 km in 2009-10. IWT terminal on NW-3 in Kerala. 14 new train services by the name 6.4.4 Railways ‘Duronto’, with AC and non-AC sleeper coaches, Indian Railways is now set to march have been introduced for non-stop point to point ahead with a fresh vision and renewed vigour. In services between selected cities throughout the a recently prepared Vision document, Indian country. Also, in order to improve the travelling Railways plans to attain high growth of 10% per conditions of women, ladies specials named

40 Economic Resurgence

“Matribhoomi trains” have been introduced in for cold storage and agri-retail outlets. The first big cities. To provide succour to the poorest of such facility is coming up at Singur. Railways have the poor a new scheme called ‘Izzat’, which also introduced a train exclusively for the provides for a uniformly priced monthly season transportation of milk and milk products which runs ticket for Rs. 25 for travel upto 100 km for the in a closed circuit between Palanpur and Kanpur. members of the unorganized sector, has been Work is progressing on the construction introduced. of two dedicated freight corridors. 378 stations have been identified as Work for setting up of a new coach Adarsh stations, where railways shall upgrade manufacturing factory at Rae-Bareilly in Uttar passenger amenities like drinking water, toilets, Pradesh is in full swing. Another new factory catering services, waiting rooms, signages and for manufacturing Mainline Electric Multiple Unit other basic amenities. (MEMU) and Diesel - Electric Multiple Unit The welfare of the people being the top (DEMU) coaches at Kanchrapara in West Bengal most priority, there has been no increase in has been sanctioned. A diesel locomotive factory passenger fares during the year. and an electric locomotive factory are being set up through joint venture, with selected technology Six sites have been chosen for setting up partners, at Marhoura and Madehpura perishable cargo centres which will have facilities respectively.

Duronto Express Providing Non Stop Point to Point Service

41 Economic Resurgence

Four laning of NH-45

42 Sustaining the Environment

Sustaining the Environment

“In a farsighted move, one that will benefit both present and future generations, Parliament is also currently debating legislation that will give our citizens the right to a safe and healthy environment.”

— Smt. Sonia Gandhi Sustaining the Environment

Solar Home Lighting System in Gurez, J&K Sustaining the Environment

7 Sustaining the Environment period. Research & development activities will also be given a major boost under the mission. 7.1 National Action Plan on Climate Change The first phase activities are expected to spur The UPA government has released the development of indigenous solar manufacturing National Action Plan on Climate Change. Eight and technology. National Missions form the core of this plan. The Prime Minister’s Council on Climate The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was Change has approved “in principle” the National launched by the Prime Minister on 11th January Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency 2010. The mission has set an ambitious target of (NMEEE). To operationalise the NMEEE, the creating a capacity of 20,000 MW grid solar Energy Efficiency Services Ltd. (EESL), a joint power, 2000 MW off-grid solar applications and venture company, has been set up with equity 20 million square metre of solar thermal investment of Rs. 190 crore by four participating collectors by the year 2022. One of the objectives central public sector units. It will take the lead in is to reduce cost of solar power so that grid implementing energy efficiency projects. parity can be reached by the end of the mission

Increasing Forest Cover

43 Sustaining the Environment

The Council has also approved “in rights relating to the environment and giving relief principle” the draft mission documents of the and compensation for damages to persons and National Mission for Sustaining the property. Himalayan Ecosystem and the National 7.4 Mission Clean Ganga Mission on Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change. State governments have also been The UPA government remains urged to prepare State-level Action Plans for committed to cleaning the river Ganga. In the Climate Change, consistent with the strategy first meeting of the newly constituted National outlined in the National Action Plan on Ganga River Basin Authority, it has been Climate Change. decided that under “Mission Clean Ganga” it would be ensured that by the year 2020 no 7.2 Compensatory Afforestation untreated municipal sewage and industrial More than Rs. 9900 crore, lying unutilized effluents flow into the Ganga. The investments in a centralized account for the development of required will be shared suitably between the the forestry sector, has become available for use. Centre and the State governments concerned. Instructions have been issued for the formation A Standing Committee of the Authority has of State-level Compensatory Afforestation Fund been set up, under the chairpersonship of the Management & Planning Authorities for enabling Union Finance Minister, to review and assess release of 10% of the amount available in the the implementation of the Authority’s work centralized account to state governments every programme. An Empowered Steering year, for the next five years. Funds have been Committee has also been constituted for released to most of the states. appraisal/sanction of projects in a fast-track mode. Projects for approximately Rs. 1390 7.3 Green Tribunal crore have been approved so far. The National Green Tribunal Bill, 2009 Discussions have been initiated for long- has been passed. It provides for establishing a term support from the World Bank and a project National Green Tribunal for effective and preparation facility from the World Bank has been expeditious disposal of cases relating to approved. environmental protection, conservation of forests and other natural resources, enforcement of legal

44 New Horizons

New Horizons

“What is needed is to liberate Indian science from the shackles and deadweight of bureaucratism and in-house favouritism. Only then we can unleash the vast latent talent and creative energies of our scientists and engineers too.”

— Dr. Manmohan Singh New Horizons

——

PSLV-C14 - Launched on September 23, 2009 New Horizons

8 New Horizons generate comprehensive, high-resolution analyses 8.1 Science and Technology of genomic changes for eight forms of cancer. 8.1.1 Strengthening Science & Technology For the first time researchers have been and Innovation Infrastructure permitted an equity stake in scientific enterprises and spin-offs while still being employed in their A dedicated centre for Climate organizations. This policy would enable Indian Change Research has been set up in Pune to scientists to enjoy the commercial benefits of their address various scientific issues relating to inventions and patents. climate change and ultimately to develop climate services for sectors like health, 8.1.2 Benefits of science to the people agriculture and water. In partnership with agricultural Work on setting up the third universities, the bi-weekly district-level agro- permanent Antarctic station has been initiated. meteorological advisory services have been extended to provide information on rainfall, To provide internationally maximum and minimum temperature, cloud competitive and contemporary infrastructure cover, humidity etc. to farmers in 500 for research, product development in cutting meteorological districts. edge areas of research in life sciences and biotechnology, the following five new A unique system of an integrated institutions have been made operational: fisheries advisory, based on identification of Potential Fishing Zones (PFZ), along with a) Translational Health Science and ocean state forecast, using remote sensing Technology Institute, Faridabad technology, has been made operational. PFZ b) Regional Centre for Biotechnology in advisories, prepared in local languages, are collaboration with UNESCO, Faridabad disseminated thrice a week through electronic c) National Institute of Biomedical display boards, information kiosks, radio, TV, Genomics, Kolkata print media, emails and web sites. d) Institute for Stem Cell Biology and 20 proposals were cleared and 11 Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore projects supported during 2009-10 under the e) National Agri-Food Biotechnology new Biotechnology Industry Partnership Institute and Bioprocessing Unit at Programme. Mohali, Punjab CSIR, with Cadila Pharmaceuticals, For the first time, three new bio-clusters has developed for the first time a novel therapy namely (i) Bangalore Bio-cluster; (ii) The Health obtained from Ayurveda named as Biotech Science Cluster at Faridabad; (iii) Agri- “RISORINE” for the treatment of Food Biotech Cluster at Mohali, Punjab, with a tuberculosis. focus on training and fundamental, applied & CSIR scientists have successfully product oriented research, connected to bio- sequenced and assembled the whole genome industry, have been designed and implementation of an Indian. started. A Traditional Knowledge Digital Library India became a partner in the (TKDL) has been created by CSIR in partnership International Cancer Genome Consortium to with AYUSH. The TKDL contains information

45 New Horizons relating to about two lakh medicinal formulations missions accomplished in the last one year. in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha in five ANUSAT, which was built by Anna University, international languages. Access agreements were Chennai is the first experimental communication concluded in 2009 with European Patent Office satellite built by an Indian university under the (34 Member States) and US Patent & Trade Mark over all guidance of ISRO. The large solid stage Office (USPTO). motor S-200, which successfully underwent static CSIR has developed an eco-friendly dual tests at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), powered rickshaw, named ‘Soleckshaw’. It is Sriharikota on 24th January 2010 is the third largest driven partly by pedal and partly by electric power solid booster in the world. (S-200 is used in supplied by a battery that is charged from solar Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark energy. The technology has been transferred to III - GSLV-Mk III). Successful flight testing of many industries for commercial production. new generation high performance sounding rocket (ATV-D01), conducted on 3rd March 2010 Under Open Source Drug Discovery from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Programme, CSIR announced on 11th April SHAR, has provided a test bed for demonstration 2010, the first-ever detailed mapping of of Air- Breathing propulsion technology. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, involving hundreds of young students across the country – an innovative 8.3 Information and Broadcasting exercise that would help in producing more Policy guidelines were issued for effective drugs to combat the germs that cause Headend-in-the-Sky (HITS) operators for TB, killing 1.7 million people annually. speeding up the process of digitalization of 8.1.3 Restructuring research funding cable services. As a major step in R&D funding, Science Doordarshan started DTH services and Engineering Research Board has been created. with a bouquet of 10 channels for the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Welcome Trust - DBT India Alliance has been set up in Hyderabad to award It has been decided to establish a fellowships to Indian biomedical research Museum of Indian Cinema at Mumbai, at a scientists of international repute. So far, 30 cost of around Rs. 116 crore, to showcase the scientists have been selected under this scheme rich legacy and history of Indian cinema. from abroad. A new scheme has been launched to 8.2 Space Programme facilitate public private partnerships for encouraging production of documentary films. The Indian space programme scaled new heights during the year with detection of traces 8.4 Tourism of water, ice and hydroxyl molecules on the lunar A scheme of Visa on Arrival has been surface through India’s unmanned mission to the introduced for tourists coming from five Moon - Chandrayaan-1. countries, namely, Singapore, Finland, New Successful launch of RISAT-2 and Zealand, Luxembourg and Japan. ANUSAT by PSLV C12 on 20th April 2009 To reinforce efforts for human resource and launch of Oceansat-2 satellite along with development in the hospitality sector three new six nano satellites for international customers by institutes of hotel management have been PSLV C14 on 23rd Sept 2009 were the major sanctioned at Jorhat, Goa and Indore. New

46 New Horizons hospitality and tourism related courses have been monuments of national importance are arrested approved in 17 institutes. 5660 young persons and its proper enforcement would ensure that were given training in food & beverage services India’s valuable cultural heritage is better and food production under the 'Hunar Se Rozgar preserved and protected. Tak' scheme. Skills of 5338 existing service A conscious policy decision was taken providers were tested and certified to make them to professionalise cultural institutions. more employable in the market. In the last year, the Indira Gandhi 8.5 Culture National Centre for the Arts (IGNCA) has In a major intervention to further organized eight major cultural events, namely, the safeguard India’s priceless monuments and Braj Bhumi festival, Nature Bazar, Surabhi archaeological sites, the Central government has Theatre festival, Inter-cultural Dialogue between recently amended the Ancient Monuments and North East India and South East Asia, Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, which International Federation of Library Association prohibits construction, including public projects, Conference, Vasant Bazar, Gharana festival and within the 100 metre ‘prohibited area’. It has also Women on Record: A Musical event. It is been stipulated that Heritage Bye-laws shall be estimated that approximately seven to eight lakh prepared for each of these protected monuments people witnessed these events. so as to regulate building activities in the next 200 Rs. 20 crore has been sanctioned for the metre ‘regulated area’ that lies beyond the 100 upgradation of Sardar Patel’s memorials at metre ‘prohibited area’. A National Monuments Ahmedabad and Karamsad. Authority is being set up as the apex body to Preparations have started to oversee the implementation of the Act. commemorate the 150th birth anniversaries of Strict provisions have been introduced Rabindranath Tagore and Swami Vivekananda, to ensure that the ever-increasing threats to both nationally and internationally. A project to set up a memorial for Shaheed Bhagat Singh, at his native place at Khatkar Kalan, has been sanctioned at a cost of Rs. 16.80 crore. Rs. 46.38 crore have been released to the Government of Punjab for development of Talwandi Sabo and Anandpur Saheb as part of the concluding phase of the ter-centenary of Guru-ta- Gaddi of the Guru Granth Saheb.

Folk Dancers in New Delhi during Inter Cultural Dialogue between North-East India and South East Asia

47 New Horizons

of-art, international standard sports infrastructure. It will also result in the upgradation of city infrastructure on an unprecedented scale. More than 25,000 volunteers drawn from the National Service Scheme (NSS), National Cadet Corps (NCC), universities and colleges in Delhi and the NCR would act as guides to sports persons, spectators and tourists.

Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium - Getting Ready for the Commonwealth Games 8.7 Involving the youth in nation building: National Youth Corps Scheme 8.6 Commonwealth Games A National Youth Corps (NYC) has The country is hosting the prestigious been set up with a group of disciplined and XIXth Commonwealth Games in October, 2010. dedicated youth for nation building. 20,000 The Games present an excellent opportunity to volunteers would be enrolled under NYC, of herald India’s emergence as a significant sporting which 8000 will be in Jammu & Kashmir and nation and showcase its organizational capacity 12,000 in other states. to host such a major international event. 8.8 India Post on the move - connecting and Preparations for the event are at an advanced empowering rural India stage. The UPA government has approved a scheme for the Preparation of Indian Teams for A National Rural Micro-Insurance drive has th the Commonwealth Games, 2010, with a budget been launched on 7 December 2009, with of Rs. 678 crore, which is being implemented. focus on retailing of micro-insurance policies The government has approved a budget of with affordable premia. Policies of approximately Rs. 11,494 crore for the successful denomination of Rs. 10,000/- to Rs. 25,000/-, conduct of the Games through various ministries. with premia starting at about Re. 1/- per day, are being sold in rural areas to cover people in Apart from highlighting the important the unorganized sector and the Mahatma role of sports, promoting closer ties between Gandhi National Rural Employment the people of the Commonwealth countries and Guarantee Scheme beneficiaries. Till March promoting tourism, this mega multi-disciplinary 2010, more than five million micro-insurance sports event will provide the nation with state- polices were procured.

48 Managing Disasters

Managing Disasters

“In December 2004, we faced the Tsunami disaster. We did not lose our resolve and endeavoured to ensure that life returns to normal. At every step, our government was with the people in this effort and always remains so.”

— Smt. Sonia Gandhi Managing Disasters

Rescue Operation for Flood Victims Managing Disasters

9 Managing Disasters states affected by cyclone, cyclonic storm, floods, landslides etc. The swift and highly skilled flood 9.1 National disaster policy and disaster- rescue operations of the force saved over 21,000 specific guidelines human lives. The National Policy on Disaster 9.3 Relief for floods Management has been approved on 22nd October 2009. The National Disaster During the Southwest monsoon and the Management Authority (NDMA) has issued post-monsoon seasons of 2009-10, twenty States guidelines on management of landslides and and one Union Territory reported damage due snow avalanches, management of chemical to cyclonic storms, heavy rains, floods, landslides, terrorism and disasters, psycho-social support cloudburst, etc., to varying degrees. The UPA and mental health services in disasters. government extended prompt and timely logistic support to the affected States. In 2009-10 financial 9.2 National Disaster Response Force assistance amounting to Rs. 3791.86 crore was During the year 2009-10, the National provided to States, as the central share of the Disaster Response Force was actively engaged assistance from the Calamity Relief Fund for in rescue and relief operations in the various dealing with various natural calamities. Besides,

Cyclone Shelter, Tamil Nadu

49 Managing Disasters financial assistance to the tune of Rs. 3261.52 Central ministries, the Prime Minister approved crore was provided to different States from the construction of a chain of 200 cyclone shelters, National Calamity Contingency Fund for the in the coastal districts of North 24-Parganas, management of immediate relief operations in South 24-Parganas and Purba Medinipur in West areas affected by calamities of a severe nature Bengal, with assistance of Rs. 100 crore from the during 2009-10. Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund. Besides, Rs. 8.23 crore for a pilot project of construction 9.4 Construction of cyclone shelters in West of six cyclone shelters - two in Kozhikode, one Bengal, Kerala & Lakshadweep in Kannur districts of Kerala and three in After observing the devastation caused Lakshadweep were also approved considering by the Aila cyclone in West Bengal and on the the vulnerability of the entire coastline to recommendations of State governments and erosion and cyclones.

50 Addressing Special Development Needs

Addressing Special Development Needs

“To an extent, the lack of physical infrastructure and poor connectivity have contributed to relative backwardness in some parts. This is now being addressed more seriously and systematically.”

— Smt. Sonia Gandhi Addressing Special Development Needs

Train Services in J&K Addressing Special Development Needs

10 Addressing Special Development Needs: Roads - including the Trans-Arunachal The Northeast, Jammu & Kashmir and Highway Bundelkhand The UPA government has been paying 10.1 The Northeast special attention to the development of national highways in the North-East region and 10 per cent 10.1.1 Securing peace of the total allocation is earmarked for that region. A regional coordination mechanism, So far, about 596 km length has been completed covering all the Northeastern states, for during 2009-10. gathering, analyzing and disseminating Development of roads & highways in intelligence has been set up at Shillong and Arunachal Pradesh involves about 2319 km of has been operationalized with effect from 23rd roads. Bids have already been received for four February 2010. A number of militant groups projects with a total length of 776 km. to be have laid down their arms and are prepared to awarded shortly. The Trans-Arunachal Highway discuss their demands with the government. forms an important part of this initiative. A Government of India Representative has been appointed to hold talks with some of the Railways militant groups from Assam and Meghalaya. The capital cities of the North Eastern 10.1.2 Infrastructure development in the states are getting progressively connected by rail. Northeast Region Guwahati and Agartala are already connected.

New Airport at Dibrugarh

51 Addressing Special Development Needs

Projects for connecting the capitals of Manipur, project out of which 512 villages have already Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh have been covered by solar photovoltaic systems. been taken up. The mega rail-cum-road bridge 546 villages are to be covered by a total of 153 at Bogibeel, over river Brahmputra, which has hydel projects, of which 80 villages have been taken up will provide an important link already been covered and work on the between Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. remaining is in progress. Conversion of the metre gauge routes i.e. Under RGGVY, 16 projects have been Lumding-Silchar-Jiribam, Badarpur-Kumarghat sanctioned for Rs. 537.69 crore for and Rangia-Murkongselek to broad gauge is being electrification of 2129 villages, intensive done on priority. electrification of 1756 electrified villages and Air connectivity- infrastructure and services 40810 connections to BPL households. As on 31st March 2010, 215 villages have been Three greenfield airports have been electrified, 134 electrified villages have been approved, of which one at Pakyong in Sikkim, intensively electrified and 967 electricity is already under construction involving a cost connections have been released to BPL of Rs 264 crore. households. The development of Tezu airport, at a cost of Rs. 79.00 crore, has been approved 10.1.3 Addressing Special Needs during 2009-10. The project is being During the year, 97 infrastructure implemented by the Airports Authority of projects, at an estimated cost of Rs. 834.99 crore, India. The airport will be ready for operations were sanctioned under the Non-Lapsable Central by March 2012. Pool of Resources (NLCPR). Some of the The viability gap funding to M/s. major projects include construction of the Alliance Air for providing air services in the Arunachal secretariat building, upgradation of North Eastern Region has been approved for facilities in 15 degree colleges, construction of the years 2010 and 2011 at a cost of Rs. 94.14 the building for College of Agriculture in Tripura, crore. improvement of Barpathar-Bokajan-Deithon- Waterways Chowkihola road (31km) in Karbi Anglong A project of the Government of district in Assam, construction of double circuit Mizoram for inland water transport line from Rongkhon to Ampati in Meghalaya and development of Tlawng river has been water supply schemes at 22 locations in the region. sanctioned. 36 projects were completed at a cost of Rs. Power 249.59 crore during the year. The implementation of the Prime During 2009-10, the total allocation by the Minister’s package for lighting up all the Central Ministries/Departments for the North villages on the international border in Eastern Region rose to Rs. 15,351 crore from Rs. Arunachal Pradesh was started in 2009. A total 14,753 crore provided during 2008-09. of 1058 villages are to be covered under this

52 Addressing Special Development Needs

The North Eastern Development the levels of terrorist violence and the number Finance Corporation has sanctioned new loans of casualties among members of security forces, amounting to Rs. 332.41 crore. The total civilians and terrorists. Successful anti-infiltration amount disbursed was Rs. 207.76 crore. The measures have helped in restricting the infiltration new projects will generate direct employment of militants from across the line of control, even for more than 1600 people. though such infiltration has continued. The peace process had been aided by the successful conduct 10.1.4 Assam Gas Cracker Project of Assembly and Parliamentary elections - The Assam Gas Cracker Project is despite efforts by separatist groups to disrupt expected to generate substantial downstream them - and by the formation of another popularly investment and employment in the region. elected democratic government in the state. The construction activities at project site are in 10.2.2 Reconstruction plan and other initiatives to address energy needs and developing infrastructure The Prime Minister announced the construction of 11 hydel projects in Jammu & Kashmir, under the Prime Minister’s Reconstruction Programme, during his visit to the State on 17th - 18th November 2004. Out of these, three projects namely, Uri-I (480 MW), Salal-I & II (690 MW) and Dulhasti (390 MW) have already been completed and Assam Gas Cracker Project under Construction commissioned. Four projects namely, Sewa- II Hydroelectric Power (HEP) (120 MW), full swing and Rs.744 crore has been spent till Nimoo Bazgo HEP (45 MW), Chutak HEP 31st March 2010. The project is scheduled for (44 MW) and Uri-II (240 MW) are likely to be completion in April 2012. completed within 2010. The investment sanction in respect of Kishanganga hydro- 10.1.5 Youth Mobilisation electric project (330 MW) has already been As a part of capacity building and issued and the project is likely to be national integration for the North Eastern commissioned in the year 2016. In respect of States, the first North East Youth Festival was the Bursar hydro-electric project (1020 MW), organized at Kohima. About 1300 young persons the site for constructing the power house has from all over the country participated in the three been finalised and the detailed project report day festival. is under preparation. For implementation of 10.2 Jammu & Kashmir the Pakal Dul hydro-electric project (1000 MW), a joint venture between NHPC, 10.2.1 Securing peace JKSPDC and PTC is being formed for which There has been a substantial decrease in the necessary memorandum of understanding has been already signed. The 450 MW Baglihar

53 Addressing Special Development Needs hydro-electric project, a State government project, follow up to the Prime Minister’s package, for has since been completed and commissioned. return and rehabilitation of migrants. Further, Both the instalments of power reform the State government created 3000 grants have been released to the State supernumerary posts for the recruitment of government. migrant youth, framed recruitment rules and advertised for applications. The rate of cash relief RGGVY schemes for the remaining to eligible migrants in Jammu and Delhi was five districts namely Baramulla, Pulwama, enhanced to Rs. 1250 per head per month, subject Rajouri, Poonch and Doda have been to the ceiling of Rs. 5000 per family per month. sanctioned by the Rural Electrification The pension rate in respect of parents of persons Corporation on 27th November 2009. With killed due to militancy was increased to Rs. 750 this, RGGVY schemes for the entire state have per month. 1444 orphans were provided been sanctioned. assistance during 2009-10 for education. In the Kashmir valley, five pairs of 10.2.4 Youth mobilization short distance service Diesel Multiple Units (DMU) trains have been put in operation A new scheme of National Youth between Budgam and Qazigund, Qazigund Corps has been launched to enable youth to serve and Baramula and Baramula and Budgam. for up to two years in nation-building activities. Under the first phase of the scheme, 8000 Out of 977 km roads, including volunteers would be deployed in the state to national highways and state roads, envisaged undertake activities like cleaning and maintenance to be constructed at an estimated cost of about of Dal Lake, female literacy work under the Rs 2628 crore, an expenditure of about Rs 1513 Saakshar Bharat initiative, health & sanitation crore has been incurred upto 31st March 2010. activities, crowd and disaster management and Work on the construction of two- serving as tourist volunteers for handling inflow room dwelling units for migrant families living of pilgrims to the Vaishno Devi and Amarnath in camps was speeded up. Implementation of shrines. the rehabilitation package for the poor 10.3 Bundelkhand migrants of Akhnoor tehsil was completed. 38 new anganwadis were set up. Work on The UPA government has approved a upgrade of the Srinagar airport was completed. Special Bundelkhand Drought Mitigation Considerable progress in the construction of Package to the tune of Rs.7266 crore, AIIMS-like institute at Jammu was made. comprising of Rs.3506 crore for Uttar Pradesh and Rs.3760 crore for Madhya Pradesh, to be 10.2.3 Relief and rehabilitation of migrants implemented over a period of three years and persons affected by militancy starting with 2009-10. Besides converging Tenders were floated by the State resources from ongoing central programmes government for constructing transit and schemes, additional central assistance of accommodation at three sites for the return Rs.1596 crore for Uttar Pradesh and Rs.1854 of migrant families to the Kashmir valley, as a crore for Madhya Pradesh has been approved.

54 Security

Security

“We have a hard task ahead but one that can be and must be achieved with determination and coordinated action. We will only succeed if we are united as a nation in addressing the concerns related to our internal security.”

— Dr. Manmohan Singh Security

First Mahila Battalion of BSF Security

11 Security management through round-the-clock surveillance & patrolling along the borders, 11.1 Internal Security Initiatives establishment of observation posts, border A number of important decisions and fencing, flood-lighting, deployment of modern measures have been taken. These measures and hi-tech surveillance equipment, upgrade include, inter alia, augmentation of the of the intelligence set-up and strengthening of strength of Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMFs), the coastal security.The National Investigation amendment of the Central Industrial Security Agency has commenced work. As a part of Force Act to enable deployment of the force steps to counter terrorist threats, the National in joint venture industrial undertakings, Counter-Terrorism Centre and National establishment of National Security Guard Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) are also (NSG) hubs at Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad envisaged. and Mumbai, empowerment of the Director The UPA government has adopted an General of NSG to requisition aircraft for the integrated approach in dealing with Left Wing movement of NSG personnel in the event of Extremists (LWE) in the area of security, any emergency, strengthening and re- development and public perception. The State organizing of Multi-Agency Centre to enable governments deal with the various issues it to function on round-the-clock basis for real related to LWE issues in the states. The time collation and sharing of intelligence with Central government supplements their efforts other intelligence and security agencies, tighter in several ways. These include providing immigration control, effective border Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMFs) and commando battalions, setting up of Counter Insurgency and Anti Terrorism (CIAT) schools; modernisation and upgradation of the State police and their intelligence apparatus under the Scheme for Modernisation of State Police Forces (MPF Scheme); re-imbursement of security related expenditure under the Security Related Expenditure (SRE) scheme; filling up critical Training at NSG Hyderabad Hub infrastructure gaps under

55 Security the scheme for Special Infrastructure in left wing 11.2 Managing Borders extremism affected States; assistance in training 11.2.1 Border infrastructure of State police through Ministry of Defence, central police organisations and Bureau of Police During 2009-10, construction of 210 km Research and Development; sharing of of fencing, 310 km of border roads and 400 km intelligence; assistance in community policing and of floodlighting was completed along the India- civic action and assistance in development work Bangladesh border. Construction of 50 border through a range of schemes of different Central out-posts was also commenced. Formation works ministries. along a length of 35.89 km and surfacing works along a length of 11.2 km were completed on 11 An amount of Rs. 668.61 crore has been roads along the India-China border. In the released during 2009-10, under the schemes of Gujarat sector, along the India-Pakistan border, Modernisation of Police Forces (Rs. 578.61 construction of 15 km length of border roads crore), Security Related Expenditure (Rs. 60.00 was completed. crore) and Special Infrastucture Scheme (Rs. 30.00 crore) to left wing extremism affected States. A 11.2.2 Border fencing sum of Rs. 1230.00 crore has been released to all Fencing along a length of 210 km was the States for modernisation of State police completed along the India-Bangladesh border forces. during 2009-10, besides replacement of fencing

Border Fencing at India-Bangladesh Border

56 Security along a length of over 400 km on this border. have been approved. The modernisation of Along the India-Pakistan border, fencing along Rashtriya Rifles was also approved to improve a length of 19 km was completed in the Gujarat the counter insurgency grid in Jammu & sector. Kashmir. Another area being accorded high priority is the development of roads and 11.2.3 Border area development infrastructure in the high altitude areas. During 2009-10, an amount of Rs. 635 Coastal and maritime security has crore has been released to the states under the assumed great importance after the terrorist Border Area Development Programme, aiding strike in Mumbai. The UPA government is in the construction of roads, bridges, school buildings, community centres, cultural centres, primary & community health centres, the acquisition of ambulances and medical equipment and the development of agriculture & allied sectors. 11.2.4 Land ports Construction of seven integrated check posts has been taken up at Attari (India-Pakistan) and Raxaul (India-Nepal border) while work at Jogbani (India-Nepal border), Dawki (India-Bangladesh border), Akhaura (India-Bangladesh border), Moreh (India-Myanmar border) and Petrapole (India- Bangladesh border) will be also taken up shortly. 11.3 Defence The UPA government is continuing with its focus on the modernisation of its armed forces and ensuring defence preparedness of the country. The raising of two mountain divisions to safeguard the North-Eastern borders and setting up of the second Officers Training Academy (OTA) at Gaya, Bihar Agni-3 launched on Feb. 7, 2010

57 Security committed to strengthening the coastal security precision strike capability against land targets. and surveillance mechanism. An integrated and Akash surface to air missile system capable of synergetic approach has been adopted by multi-target handling, is also being inducted. involving the Indian Navy, Coast Guard, To improve the living conditions of the Intelligence, Custom, State Marine Police, and troops, 48,470 family dwelling units have been other central and state agencies in meeting this constructed under the Married Accommodation challenge. Project. Planning and construction of additional A decision has been taken to induct the 79,397 houses is in progress. BrahMos supersonic cruise missile system, with

INS Arihant - Nuclear Submarine

58 Governance and Civil Society

Governance and Civil Society

“An active citizenry is the foundation of a strong democracy.”

— Smt. Sonia Gandhi Governance and Civil Society

Transparent Government - NGO Interface Governance and Civil Society

12 Governance and Civil Society secure broadband connectivity to the block level. Computer tools and fonts were developed in the 12.1 Reforms remaining 12 Indian languages. e-District pilot 12.1.1 Administrative reforms project was launched in 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh, Assam and Tamil Nadu. The Second Administrative Reforms Commission completed its term on 30th April Mission mode e-Governance projects on 2009. It has presented 15 reports to the immigration, Unique Identity (UID), e-Office, government. A final decision has been taken treasuries and commercial taxes were sanctioned by the government on 10 reports. in 2009-10. Mission mode projects on agriculture, police, gram panchayats, employment exchanges, Out of the accepted 798 and land records progressed from the recommendations contained in these 10 conceptualization phase to the design and reports, action has been taken on 402 development phase. Roll-out started in the case recommendations. of Customs & Central Excise, e-Courts and e- District (pilot) projects. The Customs and Central 12.1.2 e-Governance Excise projects enabled the facility for online In 2009-10, 39,615 additional Common registration and e-filing of returns and e-filing Service Centres were established. Services of documents. being offered through these centres include The UPA government has taken a major birth, death, caste, income & domicile initiative to provide a unique identification to all certificates, services relating to the Mahatma the resident Indian population. The Unique Gandhi National Rural Employment Identification Authority of India has been Guarantee Scheme, utility bill collection, constituted to implement the UID scheme. This employment exchange services, postal services, electoral roll registration, right to information services, record of rights, integration with online portals, and management information system and awareness services for National Rural Health Mission, disaster management, AIDS control and telemedicine. Thirteen State Wide Area Networks were commissioned providing Unique Identity to Every Citizen

59 Governance and Civil Society scheme shall ensure that various development (i) Setting up of morning and evening courts; deliverables reach the poor and needy in time, shall enable better monitoring and help plug (ii) Promoting alternate dispute resolution leakages. Necessary action is being taken to ensure mechanism of mediation and conciliation by that it is possible to begin issuing UID numbers providing physical infrastructure and training in 2010. of mediators and conciliators in every judicial district of the country; The 13th National Conference on e- Governance was organized on 18th and 19th (iii) Strengthening capacity-building of judicial February 2010 at Jaipur. The theme of the officers and public prosecutors by improving Conference was “e-Governance from Citizen’s the infrastructure of State Judicial Academies perspective”. National Awards for e- and providing greater financial resources; Governance were also presented during the (iv) Improving access to justice for the Conference. marginalized sections by providing greater 12.1.3 Reform of the justice system allocations for provision of legal aid; and The UPA government has drawn up (v) Improving court management through a ‘Blueprint for Judicial Reforms’ for reducing induction of management expertise. pendency in courts, providing quick and Implementation of the Gram Nyayalaya Act effective justice, introducing accountability of judges and bringing transparency in the judicial The UPA government has brought into processes for the litigants. Based on the force the Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008 in the recommendations of a “National Consultation country from 2nd October 2009 to enable setting for Strengthening the Judiciary”, held on 24- up of over 5000 village courts at the grass-roots 25 October 2009, the UPA government has level for delivery of quick and affordable justice decided, in principle, to set up a National to the people at their doorstep. Mission for Delivery of Justice and Legal 12.1.4 Strengthening the Right to Information Reforms, inter-alia, to reduce case pendency from an average of 15 years to three years by Efforts have been made to strengthen the year 2012. both the ‘demand’ and ‘supply’ side for Special assistance to States to facilitate effective implementation of the Right to judicial reforms Information Act. Information Commissions have been set up both at the Centre and in the To facilitate judicial reforms in the States. Government departments are being country and reduce the large arrears of cases encouraged to put more information in the in courts, the government has accepted the public domain; training programmes have recommendation of the 13th Finance been organized for CPIOs and appellate Commission for providing Rs. 5000 crore to authorities and guidebooks have been prepared the states for the following measures : for use of both government officials and the

60 Governance and Civil Society public. To strengthen the demand side, press as March 2010. All these documents have also been well as electronic media, is being used for placed on departmental websites. In Phase-II, increasing awareness. An independent the system has been extended to 62 departments/ evaluation of the functioning of the RTI ministries for the period 1st April 2010 to 31st regime has been made and efforts are March 2011. underway to address the shortcomings identified. A consultation was held with Chief 12.1.6 Delivery Monitoring Unit Information Commissioners and Information A Delivery Monitoring Unit has been Commissioners of the Central and State set up in the Prime Minister’s Office to review th Information Commissions on 14 October selected flagship programmes, initiatives and 2009 to elicit their views on strengthening the iconic projects, with a view to ensuring RTI regime. effective delivery, through steady monitoring 12.1.5 Performance Monitoring and by the Ministry concerned. Ministries have Evaluation also been advised to place information in the public domain on their respective websites and The Performance Monitoring and have begun so placing the information. Evaluation System (PMES) for government departments has been approved in September 12.1.7 Crediting scholarship and social 2009. Under this system, at the beginning of security scheme payments through post each financial year, with the approval of the office and bank accounts Minister concerned, each department would State governments have been asked to prepare a Results-Framework Document disburse pension under National Social (RFD) consisting of the departmental vision, Assistance Programme and payment of mission, objectives, success indicators, key scholarships to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled result-areas, and targets for that year. At the Tribe and Other Backward Classes students end of the year, all ministries/departments through bank/post office accounts. Old age would review and prepare a report listing the pension to 70.83 lakh beneficiaries and 29.86 achievements of their ministry/department lakh beneficiaries are being disbursed through against the agreed results in the prescribed banks and post office accounts respectively. format. This report is to be finalized by the 1st of June each year. To adjust for any 12.1.8 Web-based portal for a transparent unforeseen circumstances such as drought Government-NGO interface conditions, natural calamities, epidemics, etc, The ‘NGO Partnership System’ is a achievements of each ministry/department web based portal to provide Voluntary against the performance goals laid down in Organizations (VOs)/Non Government RFD will also be reviewed after six month in Organizations (NGOs) with a host of facilities. October of each year. In Phase I of As many as 27752 VOs/NGOs have already implementation 59 departments/ministries signed up with the NGO-Partnership System. prepared RFDs for their respective departments covering the period from 1st January 2010 to 31st The data base of signed up VOs/NGOs

61 Governance and Civil Society

(State-wise and sector-wise) and schemes available Central grants-in-aid have been raised to for NGO funding is now operational. Rs. 3,18,581 crore during 2010-15 as compared to Rs. 1,42,640 crore during 2005-10. 12.2 Centre-State Relations Central loans administered by Ministries, 12.2.1 Report of the Thirteenth Finance other than the Ministry of Finance, to States, that Commission are outstanding as at the end of 2009-10, will be The Thirteenth Finance Commission has written-off. given its recommendations on Centre-State fiscal These recommendations have been relations during 2010-15. accepted. The share of States in the net proceeds Further, interest rates on loans from of Union taxes has been enhanced to 32% from Natonal Small Savings Fund to States contracted the 30.5% recommended by the Twelfth Finance till the end of 2006-07 and outstanding at the Commission. The estimated total transfers to end of 2009-10 are to be reset @ 9%. The States States, comprising share in central taxes and will be benefitted by Rs. 28,360 crore from this grants-in-aid during 2010-15 amount to relief during the period of these loans. Rs.17,66,677 crore as against Rs.7,55,751.72 crore Government has accepted this recommendation recommended for 2005-10. in principle.

62 Building Bridges

Building Bridges

“I sincerely believe that India cannot realize its development ambition or its ambition of being a great power, if our neighbourhood remains disturbed as it is and therefore, it is in our interest to work with all neighbouring countries to ensure a peaceful neighbourhood. What is at stake is the future of one and half billion people of humanity.”

— Dr. Manmohan Singh Building Bridges Consolidating Partnerships Consolidating Building Bridges

13 Building Bridges connectivity with Nepal, India is investing over Rs.1600 crore to construct roads in Nepal’s Terai 13.1 External Affairs area, establish two integrated check posts and 13.1.1 Neighbourhood and beyond - build two cross-border railway links. consolidating partnerships Relations with Bangladesh picked up The UPA government, in its second momentum after the return of multiparty term, pursues its foreign policy objectives democratic politics in Bangladesh. Several which are closely integrated with the country’s important agreements relating to security, counter fundamental security and development terrorism, power and culture were signed during priorities. India’s foreign policy aims at a global the visit of Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh order in which India’s overriding goals of Hasina in January 2010. India has provided a rapid, sustained and inclusive socio-economic Line of Credit of US$ 1 billion to Bangladesh development and poverty alleviation are to support infrastructure projects, including in the attained rapidly without any hindrance. To areas of railway infrastructure, supply of this end, India’s foreign policy has combined locomotives, coaches, buses and dredging. India firm commitment to our core national values has also agreed to provide 250 MW from the with dynamic adaptation to changes in the grid to help address their energy requirement and international environment. As a corollary to to facilitate transit of goods to Nepal and Bhutan. these objectives, India is committed to close India is continuing its broad-based and good neighbourly relations with all development assistance to Bhutan. India is countries in its immediate and extended providing assistance to Bhutan in developing its neighbourhood. hydropower sector and to purchase at least India continued to support Nepal’s 10,000 MW of power from Bhutan by 2020. transition to a stable, peaceful, prosperous and Ten hydropower projects, identified for the a multi-party democratic State. For better purpose, are at various stages of implementation. border management and improving The end of three decades of protracted conflict in May 2009 provides the opportunity for Sri Lanka to return to normalcy. India has continued to urge the Government of Sri Lanka to find a negotiated political settlement acceptable to all sections of society. India has been assisting in the rehabilitation of the internally displaced persons in Northern Sri Lanka as well as in Powergrid Corporation Project in Afghanistan

63 Building Bridges reconstruction and developmental activities. India democratic, pluralistic and peaceful country has announced a grant of Rs.500 crore to support remains undiluted. this process. Our extensive assistance includes India and China have established a provision of field hospitals, artificial limb fitment Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for camps, seven demining teams, supply of shelter Peace and Prosperity and outlined “a Shared materials, agricultural starter packs etc. Projects Vision for the 21st Century.” The two relating to railway infrastructure are being taken countries continued their high level up through the Line of Credit for US$ 413 engagement. In addition to strengthening of million. bilateral relations, the recent period witnessed India has taken up several bilateral emerging congruence on global issues such as projects with Myanmar to enhance cross climate change, WTO and the new global border connectivity, trade and investment. financial order. In 2010, the two countries are These initiatives will give a big boost to the celebrating the 60th anniversary of the opening up of the North-Eastern States to establishment of diplomatic relations and a Myanmar. series of activities are being organised to mark the occasion. Government’s expectation that Pakistan acts with purpose against the India and Japan have forged a Strategic perpetrators of the Mumbai attack was and Global Partnership. India has received conveyed on several occasions, including at the substantial investment and development highest level. India reiterated the need for assistance from Japan, including for flagship Pakistan to fulfill the assurances given by its projects such as the Dedicated Freight leaders not to allow the use of territory under Corridor and Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Pakistan’s control for terrorism directed Corridor and is negotiating a high-quality and against India. The Foreign Ministers and mutually beneficial Comprehensive Economic Foreign Secretaries have been charged with the Cooperation Agreement with Japan. The two responsibility of working out the modalities sides have also issued a Joint Declaration on of restoring trust and confidence in India- Security Cooperation and an Action Plan to Pakistan relations and thus paving the way for advance their security cooperation. a substantive dialogue on all issues of mutual In pursuance of our ‘Look East’ concern. policy, India continued to improve and India’s development partnership with consolidate its political, economic and cultural Afghanistan, which spans the entire gamut of interaction with countries in the South East socio-economic developmental activities, is Asia and the Pacific, both in the bilateral and spread all across the country and has earned the multilateral context. tremendous goodwill of the Afghan people, The strategic partnership with Russia cutting across ethnic and regional lines. was further strengthened with the conclusion Despite attacks by extremist forces, India’s of several agreements to intensify cooperation commitment to assisting the people and in the defence, space, energy and science Government of Afghanistan as they build a sectors. A forward-looking framework agreement

64 Building Bridges on nuclear energy cooperation, envisaging joint 2009. With a population of around 500 million collaboration in S&T, setting up of nuclear power and a GDP in excess of US $ 18 trillion on PPP plants and indigenization of reactor component basis, EU is an important source of advanced manufacturing in India, was concluded. technologies and investment. This is reflected in India’s steadily increasing and diversified The India-US global strategic engagement with the EU covering trade and partnership was marked by continuity and was investment, S&T, education, energy, security, etc. further strengthened. In July 2009, the two There is also very good cooperation at the governments announced their new Strategic bilateral level with individual Member States of Dialogue comprising the five pillars of (a) the EU. strategic cooperation; (b) energy and climate change; (c) economics, trade and agriculture; Our relations with all countries in the (d) education and development; and (e) S&T, West Asia and North Africa region were health and innovation. At the Summit Meeting strengthened further in several areas including in November 2009, the two sides decided to through movement of professionals, energy, trade launch a new phase in their transformed global and investment. strategic partnership. Progress was made A grant of US$10 million to the towards implementation of the India-US Civil Palestinian National Authority has been made. Nuclear Agreement. Several cooperation India enhanced its annual contribution to the agreements in diverse areas such as energy, United Nations Relief and Works Agency for climate change, agriculture, education, Palestinian Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) women’s empowerment, etc. have deepened from US$ 20,000 to US$ 1 million. the relationship. The traditional India-Africa partnership India-EU strategic partnership received has been revitalised through the India Africa fresh impetus with the successful conclusion of Forum Summit 2008. The Pan African E-network the 10th India-EU Summit in Delhi in November Project providing the tele- network and tele-medicine facilities has now been acceded to by 47 out of the 53 African countries. A Joint Action Plan was further finalised in March 2010 under which 19 training institutions will be established in Africa by India. Several training and capacity building programmes will be introduced. India strengthened its multi-faceted relationship with the Latin America and Caribbean Gas Turbine Project by BHEL in Dubai region with which our stakes are

65 Building Bridges growing in terms of trade, investment and pursuit India actively pursued cooperative of energy security and food security. India took activities in the Indian Ocean Rim Association concerted steps to strengthen relations with for Regional Cooperation and took over as leading Latin American countries such as Brazil, Vice Chair of the Association. Engagement Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, and Chile as well with other key regional groupings such as East as deepen historical and cultural ties with the Asia Summit, Asia Cooperation Dialogue, Caribbean region that has substantial presence Asia-Europe Meeting, India, Brazil and South of Indian diaspora. Africa Forum [IBSA], Brazil, Russia, India and China Forum [BRIC] and others were 13.1.2 Strengthening regional cooperation consolidated during the period. During the India’s commitment to its immediate Commonwealth Heads of Government neighbourhood has revitalised SAARC with the Meeting in Port of Spain (November 2009), implementation of a number of regional and Prime Minister announced enhanced support sub-regional projects focused primarily on for the Commonwealth activities as well as development. New initiatives have included the several new initiatives setting up of the SAARC Development Fund, 13.1.3 Constructive engagement on global establishment of the SAARC Food Bank, issues implementation of regional projects in telemedicine, tele-education and agriculture and India’s global engagement was guided conclusion of the SAARC Convention on Mutual by objectives of sustaining capital inflows to Assistance in Criminal Matters. These were taken supplement domestic investment, leveraging forward at the 16th SAARC Summit in Bhutan in access to high-end technologies around the April 2010, at which India announced that the world for development and ensuring that the first academic session of the South Asian country’s growth was not constrained by University in New Delhi will begin in August 2010. scarcity of natural resources. India continued As a result, SAARC has metamorphosed into a its constructive multilateral engagement on service provider for the economic needs of the issues such as global economic and financial people of the South Asian region. crisis, food and energy security, and climate change. India participated in a proactive and The Look East Policy, which has been constructive manner in the G-20 meetings in evolving since early 1990s was actively pursued, Washington, London and Pittsburgh to arrest with India significantly expanding mutually recession, expedite recovery and revival of beneficial interaction with ASEAN, and other global economy and to work towards reform regional and sub-regional groupings such as the of the global financial institutions. Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-sectoral Continuing to work for strengthening the Technical and Economic Cooperation ( United Nations, India actively participated in a BIMSTEC) and Mekong-Ganga Cooperation number of major international fora like the (MGC). The signing of the India-ASEAN FTA Human Rights Council, Commission on the in Goods which has been operationalised from Status of Women, Global Forum for Migration 1st January 2010 was a significant development. and Development, United Nations Commission

66 Building Bridges on International Trade Law and Inter- universal implementation of international Parliamentary Union. conventions against terrorism. It urged the early adoption of the Comprehensive India continued to press for reform of Convention on International Terrorism. the United Nations, in particular, through expansion of its Security Council to make it 13.2 Overseas Indians more democratic and representative. 13.2.1 Extending institutional support for India continued its contribution to the harnessing knowledge, skills and resources maintenance of international peace and of overseas Indians security by contributing troops, police Prime Minister’s Global Advisory Council of personnel and resources to the UN Overseas Indians: Peacekeeping Operations (UNPKOs). India is among the top three troop contributors to the Prime Minister’s Global Advisory UNPKOs. Council of Overseas Indians has been set up to draw upon the experience and knowledge India continued to play a lead role in of eminent people of Indian origin in diverse the Non-Aligned Movement to maintain the fields from across the world. The first meeting movement’s relevance and strengthen its voice of the Council was held on 7th January 2010 on international issues. at New Delhi. India has remained actively engaged in The Global Indian Network of Knowledge the multilateral negotiations on climate change (Global-INK): to build a rule-based, transparent and equitable climate change regime that safeguards the The Global Indian Network of interests of the developing countries and Knowledge (Global INK) is an electronic supports their endeavour for poverty platform that will connect people of Indian alleviation and sustainable economic Origin from a variety of disciplines, recognized development. as leaders in their respective fields, not just in their country of residence but globally as well, Government continued to reiterate with knowledge users at the national and sub- India’s longstanding commitment to the global national levels in India. The network will serve and verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons as a strategic ‘virtual think tank’. The Global and welcomed the renewed global interest in INK is operational since 1st January 2010. The moving towards a world free of nuclear Global INK can be reached at weapons. Government worked to consolidate www.globalink.in. the benefits flowing from the September 2008 decision of the Nuclear Suppliers Group on civil 13.2.2 Facilitating sustained interaction of nuclear cooperation with India. A number of civil overseas Indians with India nuclear cooperation agreements, including for Pravasi Bharatiya Divas (PBD) supply of fuel, were finalised. The eighth edition of the Pravasi India called for greater international Bharatiya Divas convention was held in New cooperation in counter-terrorism efforts and for Delhi on 7th to 9th January 2010. The

67 Building Bridges

Participants at the 8th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas, 2010 Convention was attended by over 1500 delegates The Social Security Agreements were from different countries. On this occasion, concluded with Switzerland, Luxembourg, Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards were Netherlands, Hungary and Denmark in 2009. In conferred on 14 overseas Indians. addition, the Labour Mobility Partnership Agreement, the first of its kind with a member The third mini-PBD called “PBD- State of Europe, was signed with Denmark. Europe” was held at the World Forum in The Hague on 19th September 2009. The government approved the proposal for setting up the Indian Community Welfare 13.2.3 Transforming management of Fund (ICWF) in the Indian Missions in 17 emigration countries where emigration check is required and In June 2009, the Memorandum of the Maldives, in August 2009.The ICWF will Understanding (MoU) between India and enable extending on site welfare and emergency Bahrain was signed for the welfare and the relief to Overseas Indians in distress. protection of Indian workers.