C1 Hedging and Speculation with Bitcoin Derivatives
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Beauty Is Not in the Eye of the Beholder
Insight Consumer and Wealth Management Digital Assets: Beauty Is Not in the Eye of the Beholder Parsing the Beauty from the Beast. Investment Strategy Group | June 2021 Sharmin Mossavar-Rahmani Chief Investment Officer Investment Strategy Group Goldman Sachs The co-authors give special thanks to: Farshid Asl Managing Director Matheus Dibo Shahz Khatri Vice President Vice President Brett Nelson Managing Director Michael Murdoch Vice President Jakub Duda Shep Moore-Berg Harm Zebregs Vice President Vice President Vice President Shivani Gupta Analyst Oussama Fatri Yousra Zerouali Vice President Analyst ISG material represents the views of ISG in Consumer and Wealth Management (“CWM”) of GS. It is not financial research or a product of GS Global Investment Research (“GIR”) and may vary significantly from those expressed by individual portfolio management teams within CWM, or other groups at Goldman Sachs. 2021 INSIGHT Dear Clients, There has been enormous change in the world of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology since we first wrote about it in 2017. The number of cryptocurrencies has increased from about 2,000, with a market capitalization of over $200 billion in late 2017, to over 8,000, with a market capitalization of about $1.6 trillion. For context, the market capitalization of global equities is about $110 trillion, that of the S&P 500 stocks is $35 trillion and that of US Treasuries is $22 trillion. Reported trading volume in cryptocurrencies, as represented by the two largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization, has increased sixfold, from an estimated $6.8 billion per day in late 2017 to $48.6 billion per day in May 2021.1 This data is based on what is called “clean data” from Coin Metrics; the total reported trading volume is significantly higher, but much of it is artificially inflated.2,3 For context, trading volume on US equity exchanges doubled over the same period. -
Consent Order: HDR Global Trading Limited, Et Al
Case 1:20-cv-08132-MKV Document 62 Filed 08/10/21 Page 1 of 22 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK USDC SDNY DOCUMENT ELECTRONICALLY FILED COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING DOC #: COMMISSION, DATE FILED: 8/10/2021 Plaintiff v. Case No. 1:20-cv-08132 HDR GLOBAL TRADING LIMITED, 100x Hon. Mary Kay Vyskocil HOLDINGS LIMITED, ABS GLOBAL TRADING LIMITED, SHINE EFFORT INC LIMITED, HDR GLOBAL SERVICES (BERMUDA) LIMITED, ARTHUR HAYES, BENJAMIN DELO, and SAMUEL REED, Defendants CONSENT ORDER FOR PERMANENT INJUNCTION, CIVIL MONETARY PENALTY, AND OTHER EQUITABLE RELIEF AGAINST DEFENDANTS HDR GLOBAL TRADING LIMITED, 100x HOLDINGS LIMITED, SHINE EFFORT INC LIMITED, and HDR GLOBAL SERVICES (BERMUDA) LIMITED I. INTRODUCTION On October 1, 2020, Plaintiff Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“Commission” or “CFTC”) filed a Complaint against Defendants HDR Global Trading Limited (“HDR”), 100x Holdings Limited (100x”), ABS Global Trading Limited (“ABS”), Shine Effort Inc Limited (“Shine”), and HDR Global Services (Bermuda) Limited (“HDR Services”), all doing business as “BitMEX” (collectively “BitMEX”) as well as BitMEX’s co-founders Arthur Hayes (“Hayes”), Benjamin Delo (“Delo”), and Samuel Reed (“Reed”), (collectively “Defendants”), seeking injunctive and other equitable relief, as well as the imposition of civil penalties, for violations of the Commodity Exchange Act (“Act”), 7 U.S.C. §§ 1–26 (2018), and the Case 1:20-cv-08132-MKV Document 62 Filed 08/10/21 Page 2 of 22 Commission’s Regulations (“Regulations”) promulgated thereunder, 17 C.F.R. pts. 1–190 (2020). (“Complaint,” ECF No. 1.)1 II. CONSENTS AND AGREEMENTS To effect settlement of all charges alleged in the Complaint against Defendants HDR, 100x, ABS, Shine, and HDR Services (“Settling Defendants”) without a trial on the merits or any further judicial proceedings, Settling Defendants: 1. -
Short Selling Attack: a Self-Destructive but Profitable 51% Attack on Pos Blockchains
Short Selling Attack: A Self-Destructive But Profitable 51% Attack On PoS Blockchains Suhyeon Lee and Seungjoo Kim CIST (Center for Information Security Technologies), Korea University, Korea Abstract—There have been several 51% attacks on Proof-of- With a PoS, the attacker needs to obtain 51% of the Work (PoW) blockchains recently, including Verge and Game- cryptocurrency to carry out a 51% attack. But unlike PoW, Credits, but the most noteworthy has been the attack that saw attacker in a PoS system is highly discouraged from launching hackers make off with up to $18 million after a successful double spend was executed on the Bitcoin Gold network. For this reason, 51% attack because he would have to risk of depreciation the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithm, which already has advantages of his entire stake amount to do so. In comparison, bad of energy efficiency and throughput, is attracting attention as an actor in a PoW system will not lose their expensive alternative to the PoW algorithm. With a PoS, the attacker needs mining equipment if he launch a 51% attack. Moreover, to obtain 51% of the cryptocurrency to carry out a 51% attack. even if a 51% attack succeeds, the value of PoS-based But unlike PoW, attacker in a PoS system is highly discouraged from launching 51% attack because he would have to risk losing cryptocurrency will fall, and the attacker with the most stake his entire stake amount to do so. Moreover, even if a 51% attack will eventually lose the most. For these reasons, those who succeeds, the value of PoS-based cryptocurrency will fall, and attempt to attack 51% of the PoS blockchain will not be the attacker with the most stake will eventually lose the most. -
Bitmex Xbt Price on Spreadsheet
Bitmex Xbt Price On Spreadsheet Follow-up Barty sometimes enounces his Beaulieu stalwartly and configure so apologetically! If unteachable or goadSolutrean her Stafford Troy usually insufferably, risks his Salopian roneos prickle and uniplanar. amok or solemnized proximo and farther, how piniest is Zeb? Uli BitMEX Topics covered in Lesson 2 Cash an Carry. Bitmex Bans Its sister Country Trustnodes. Bitmex XBTUSD historical price data order books and OHLCV candlesticks. American authorities police criminal charges on Thursday against the owners of kiss of surgery world's biggest cryptocurrency trading exchanges BitMEX accusing them of allowing the Hong Kong-based company to launder money and engage in other illegal transactions. This call does return Bitcoin traded volume in XBT over since last 24h on Kraken. The Calculator can show his current ProfitLoss PnL Target prices at set. 6 July 2019 AntiLiquidation is a BitMEX Anti-Liquidation Tool Position Calculator. 24 Hours BitMex Liquidation Data of XBTUSD ETHUSD and All Supported Asset. BTC USD Bitfinex Historical Data Investingcom. It is Buyer's move bitcoin analysis price bitmex inverse contract process are playing. For market trades fees are 0075 of your stop for both entry exit So total fees on a 1000 trade with 100x leverage are 150 100 x 1000 x 000075 x 2 Fees are 15 in industry case. Bitcoin Price Bitmex and Coinbase Trading News Value of Wallet Bitcoin. In a dramatic day for Bitcoin BTC bulls pushed the price of BitMEX's XBT. Demo Binance Huobi Bitmex And Others In Spreadsheet Using Api Excel. The price on an ma in any such levels indicator would come under cftc. -
Eurex Circular 097/17
eurex circular 097/17 Date: 13 September 2017 Recipients: All Trading Participants of Eurex Deutschland and Eurex Zürich and Vendors Authorized by: Mehtap Dinc Foreign exchange (FX) derivatives: Introduction of FX Rolling Spot Futures Contact: Jenny Ivleva, Product R&D Fixed Income, T +44-207-862-70-98, [email protected]; Joachim Heinz, Product R&D Fixed Income, T +49-69-211-1 59 55, [email protected] Content may be most important for: Attachments: Ü All departments 1. New and updated sections of the Contract Specifications for Futures Contracts and Options Contracts at Eurex Deutschland and Eurex Zürich 2. Eurex Clearing circular 086/17 Summary: The Management Board of Eurex Deutschland and the Executive Board of Eurex Zürich AG decided to introduce FX Rolling Spot Futures on the following currency pairs with effect from 6 October 2017: EUR/USD, EUR/CHF, EUR/GBP, GBP/USD, GBP/CHF, USD/CHF, AUD/USD, AUD/JPY, EUR/AUD, EUR/JPY, USD/JPY, NZD/USD. FX Rolling Spot Futures are perpetual futures contracts which are rolled daily if an open position exists at the end of the trading day. FX Rolling Spot Futures mimic trading OTC FX spot contracts combined with the daily usage of a tom-next (T/N) swap in order to roll over the value date of the spot position. This circular contains all information on the introduction of the new products and the new and updated sections of the relevant Rules and Regulations of Eurex Deutschland and Eurex Zürich AG. Information on clearing of FX products at Eurex Clearing AG (Eurex Clearing) products as well as the new and updated sections of the relevant Rules and Regulations of Eurex Clearing AG are contained in Eurex Clearing circular 086/17, which is available as attachment 2 to this circular. -
The Bitcoin Trading Ecosystem
ArcaneReport(PrintReady).qxp 21/07/2021 14:43 Page 1 THE INSTITUTIONAL CRYPTO CURRENCY EXCHANGE INSIDE FRONT COVER: BLANK ArcaneReport(PrintReady).qxp 21/07/2021 14:43 Page 3 The Bitcoin Trading Ecosystem Arcane Research LMAX Digital Arcane Research is a part of Arcane Crypto, bringing LMAX Digital is the leading institutional spot data-driven analysis and research to the cryptocurrency exchange, run by the LMAX Group, cryptocurrency space. After launch in August 2019, which also operates several leading FCA regulated Arcane Research has become a trusted brand, trading venues for FX, metals and indices. Based on helping clients strengthen their credibility and proven, proprietary technology from LMAX Group, visibility through research reports and analysis. In LMAX Digital allows global institutions to acquire, addition, we regularly publish reports, weekly market trade and hold the most liquid digital assets, Bitcoin, updates and articles to educate and share insights. Ethereum, Litecoin, Bitcoin Cash and XRP, safely and securely. Arcane Crypto develops and invests in projects, focusing on bitcoin and digital assets. Arcane Trading with all the largest institutions globally, operates a portfolio of businesses, spanning the LMAX Digital is a primary price discovery venue, value chain for digital nance. As a group, Arcane streaming real-time market data to the industry’s deliver services targeting payments, investment, and leading indices and analytics platforms, enhancing trading, in addition to a media and research leg. the quality of market information available to investors and enabling a credible overview of the Arcane has the ambition to become a leading player spot crypto currency market. in the digital assets space by growing the existing businesses, invest in cutting edge projects, and LMAX Digital is regulated by the Gibraltar Financial through acquisitions and consolidation. -
C1 Trading and Hedging Bitcoin Volatility Santander Financial
1. Options 2. Implied Vol 3. Trading Volatility 4. Bitcoin VIX 5. Hedging with Perpetuals 6. Speculation with Perpetuals 1. Options 2. Implied Vol 3. Trading Volatility 4. Bitcoin VIX 5. Hedging with Perpetuals 6. Speculation with Perpetuals 1. Options Fundamentals Trading and Hedging Bitcoin Volatility • A standard European option is like a `ticket' that gives the holder the right to buy (call option) or sell (put option) an `underlying' financial Santander Financial Engineering School instrument with market price St at time t • at a fixed price called the strike price, K • on the maturity date, T years after its issue Carol Alexander • Running time from issue of the option (time 0) until the option expires Professor of Finance, University of Sussex is denoted t, so T − t denotes the time to expiry in years Visiting Professor, HSBC Business School, Peking University • If the option is held to expiry (but few are), the pay-off is • 18 March 2021 max fST − K; 0g for a standard call option • max fK − ST ; 0g for a standard put option Carol Alexander 1 / 66 Carol Alexander 2 / 66 1. Options 2. Implied Vol 3. Trading Volatility 4. Bitcoin VIX 5. Hedging with Perpetuals 6. Speculation with Perpetuals 1. Options 2. Implied Vol 3. Trading Volatility 4. Bitcoin VIX 5. Hedging with Perpetuals 6. Speculation with Perpetuals Call Option Prices Option Price vs Underlying Price Maturity (days) Strike 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 80 20.372 20.495 20.611 20.690 20.800 20.916 20.972 21.063 21.166 21.220 21.329 21.408 82 18.383 18.510 18.632 -
Balancing Privacy and Accountability in Digital Payment Methods Using Zk-Snarks
1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics & Computer Science Balancing privacy and accountability in digital payment methods using zk-SNARKs Tariq Bontekoe M.Sc. Thesis October 2020 Supervisors: prof. dr. M. J. Uetz (UT) dr. M. H. Everts (TNO/UT) dr. B. Manthey (UT) dr. A. Peter (UT) Department Applied Mathematics Discrete Mathematics & Mathematical Programming Department Computer Science 4TU Cyber Security Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science University of Twente Preface This thesis concludes my seven years (and a month) as a student. During all these years I have certainly enjoyed myself and feel proud of everything I have done and achieved. Not only have I completed a bachelor’s in Applied Mathematics, I have also spent a year as a board member of my study association W.S.G. Abacus, spent a lot of time as a student assistant, and have made friends for life. I have really enjoyed creating this final project, in all its ups and downs, that concludes not only my master’s in Applied Mathematics but also that in Computer Science. This work was carried out at TNO in Groningen in the department Cyber Security & Ro- bustness. My time there has been amazing and the colleagues in the department have made that time even better. I am also happy to say that I will continue my time there soon. There are quite some people I should thank for helping my realise this thesis. First of all, my main supervisor Maarten who helped me with his constructive feedback, knowledge of blockchains and presence at both TNO and my university. -
OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators Globalisation Economic on Handbook OECD
2005 « STATISTICS STATISTICS M Measuring Globalisation easuring Globalisation OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Although globalisation’s impact on national economies is well recognised, little quantitative information is available to shed light on the issues involved in debates on the subject. The purpose of this manual is not to evaluate the many consequences of globalisation, but rather to measure its extent and intensity. The manual defines the concepts and puts forward guidelines for data collection and the fine-tuning of globalisation indicators. Measuring Globalisation The proposed indicators apply by and large to multinational firms – the major players in the process of globalisation – particularly in the areas of trade, international investment and technology transfer. OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators OECD’s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. This book is available to subscribers to the following SourceOECD themes: Statistics: Sources and Methods Industry, Services and Trade General Economics and Future Studies Science and Information Technology Ask your librarian for more details of how to access OECD books on line, or write to us at [email protected] www.oecd.org ISBN 92-64-10808-4 2005 92 2005 06 1 P -:HSTCQE=VU]U]U: 2005 Measuring Globalisation OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 30 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. -
3Rd Global Cryptoasset Benchmarking Study
3RD GLOBAL CRYPTOASSET BENCHMARKING STUDY Apolline Blandin, Dr. Gina Pieters, Yue Wu, Thomas Eisermann, Anton Dek, Sean Taylor, Damaris Njoki September 2020 supported by Disclaimer: Data for this report has been gathered primarily from online surveys. While every reasonable effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the data collected, the research team cannot exclude potential errors and omissions. This report should not be considered to provide legal or investment advice. Opinions expressed in this report reflect those of the authors and not necessarily those of their respective institutions. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORDS ..................................................................................................................................................4 RESEARCH TEAM ..........................................................................................................................................6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 11 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 14 SECTION 1: INDUSTRY GROWTH INDICATORS .........................................................................17 Employment figures ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................17 -
Trading and Arbitrage in Cryptocurrency Markets
Trading and Arbitrage in Cryptocurrency Markets Igor Makarov1 and Antoinette Schoar∗2 1London School of Economics 2MIT Sloan, NBER, CEPR December 15, 2018 ABSTRACT We study the efficiency, price formation and segmentation of cryptocurrency markets. We document large, recurrent arbitrage opportunities in cryptocurrency prices relative to fiat currencies across exchanges, which often persist for weeks. Price deviations are much larger across than within countries, and smaller between cryptocurrencies. Price deviations across countries co-move and open up in times of large appreciations of the Bitcoin. Countries that on average have a higher premium over the US Bitcoin price also see a bigger widening of arbitrage deviations in times of large appreciations of the Bitcoin. Finally, we decompose signed volume on each exchange into a common and an idiosyncratic component. We show that the common component explains up to 85% of Bitcoin returns and that the idiosyncratic components play an important role in explaining the size of the arbitrage spreads between exchanges. ∗Igor Makarov: Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK. Email: [email protected]. An- toinette Schoar: 62-638, 100 Main Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA. Email: [email protected]. We thank Yupeng Wang and Yuting Wang for outstanding research assistance. We thank seminar participants at the Brevan Howard Center at Imperial College, EPFL Lausanne, European Sum- mer Symposium in Financial Markets 2018 Gerzensee, HSE Moscow, LSE, and Nova Lisbon, as well as Anastassia Fedyk, Adam Guren, Simon Gervais, Dong Lou, Peter Kondor, Gita Rao, Norman Sch¨urhoff,and Adrien Verdelhan for helpful comments. Andreas Caravella, Robert Edstr¨omand Am- bre Soubiran provided us with very useful information about the data. -
Crypto Asset Market Coverage Initiation: Trading
Sherwin Dowlat [email protected] Michael Hodapp [email protected] CRYPTO ASSET MARKET COVERAGE INITIATION: % from Days Name Price ATH TRADING & CUSTODY ATH Since ATH SEPTEMBER 18, 2018 BTC $6,270 $20,089 (69%) 274 ETH $197.86 $1,432 (86%) 247 XRP $.273 $3.84 (93%) 256 Overview BCH $420.06 $4,330 (90%) 271 EOS $4.90 $22.89 (79%) 141 As investors continue to learn about the cryptoasset market LTC $52.34 $375.29 (86%) 272 class, two of the biggest areas of uncertainty have thus far * Refers to Market Capitalization estimate, calculated using 2050 estimated supply using respective network inflation schedules been 1) trading – how to acquire and exchange the assets, and 2) custody – how to securely store the assets. While there is largely a solid market for consumer trading and Market Cap ($MM) 30D % 90D % 52-Wk % Launch Name custody, these products do not always meet the needs of Current 2050 Implied* G/L G/L G/L Year institutional investors, whose solutions must meet higher BTC $108,304 $131,567 (3%) (7%) 45% 2009 burdens relative to security and regulatory compliance. ETH $20,186 $29,081 (35%) (62%) (30%) 2015 XRP $10,874 $27,316 (19%) (50%) 38% 2013 In this report, we will provide a breakdown of the current BCH $7,290 $8,814 (27%) (53%) (2%) 2017 $4,438 $7,150 (6%) (54%) 643% 2018 landscape for 1) exchanges, 2) OTC providers, 3) consumer EOS LTC $3,053 $4,390 (10%) (47%) (4%) 2011 custody and 4) institutional custody solutions. * Refers to Market Capitalization estimate, calculated using 2050 estimated supply using respective network inflation schedules.