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PI 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways

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PI 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways RnDSy-lu-2945 PI 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways PIP Akt PDK-1 3 PIP PIP2 3 PIP PI 3-K PTEN 2 Bad mTORC2 x Autophagy Bcl-xL MDM2 Survival mTORC1 Translation p53 Initiation x Cell Cycle Progression PI 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways The Akt pathway is activated in response to growth factors and regulates many cellular processes, including protein synthesis, cell survival, proliferation, autophagy, and metabolism. Akt is a three-member family of serine-threonine protein kinases consisting of Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. This family of kinases is activated downstream of PI 3-Kinase (PI 3-K)-dependent phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) formation at the plasma membrane. Conversely, Akt activation is negatively regulated by the lipid phosphatase PTEN, which dephosphorylates PIP3. Due to its role in the promotion of protein synthesis, cell survival, and proliferation the Akt pathway can promote tumorigenesis. Accordingly, components of the Akt pathway are frequently altered in many human cancers. Akt is also known to suppress autophagy, which can either promote or inhibit cancer cell death in a context-dependent manner. Akt defi ciency is associated with the development of diabetes in mice and humans, suggesting that cell signaling pathways downstream of Akt are also important for proper regulation of metabolism. The dysregulation or loss of Akt signaling in multiple diseases highlights the need for more research and a better understanding of this pathway and its regulation. R&D Systems offers a wide range of proteins, antibodies, ELISAs, and multianalyte profi ling kits for studying PI 3-K/Akt signaling. A range of small molecule activators and inhibitors are also available from Tocris Bioscience. Explore our interactive Akt signaling pathway to fi nd what you need! Stimulation RTK Ras PIP3 Akt PIP PIP3 PIP p110 2 PDK-1 2 p110 PI 3-K PTEN p85 p85 mTORC2 Bad Adaptor PI 3-Kinase x Bcl-xL Autophagy TSC2 Survival PIK3R4 TSC1 x Beclin 1 hVps34 x Rheb mTORC1 Apoptosis ULK Complex p27/Kip1 MDM2 x p70 S6 Kinase Pro-Caspase-3 FoxO 4EBP1 GSK-3 PDCD4 p21/CIP1 x x eIF4B Ubiquitin eIF4G p53 x eIF4E eIF4A x Translation Proteasome Initiation FoxO BIM x p27/Kip1 p21/CIP1 p27/Kip1 p21/CIP1 Myc x x x x p53 CDKs E2F CDKs Cell Cycle Progression Explore now | rndsystems.com/pathways_akt Proteome Profi ler™ Antibody Arrays Akt Pathway-Related Antibody Arrays: Get More Data from Your Samples • Most cited membrane-based phospho-specifi c arrays • Easier to perform than a Western blot • Ideal for identifying signaling crosstalk • Hands-on time as little as 3 hours Akt1 Akt2 ERK1 ERK2 GSK-3α/β GSK-3β Untreated Untreated IGF-I IGF-I + LY 294002 ) 3 50 Akt pan p70 S6K TOR 40 IGF-I 30 20 IGF-I + LY 294002 10 Phosphorylation (Pixel Density x10 Phosphorylation (Pixel 0 Akt1 Akt2 Akt pan ERK1 ERK2 GSK-3α/β GSK-3β p70 S6K TOR Intracellular Signaling Transduction Response to IGF-I Treatment. MCF-7 human breast received no pre-treatment. The phosphorylation status of each analyte was determined cancer cells were either untreated or treated with 100 ng/mL of Recombinant Human using the Proteome Profi ler™ Human Phospho-MAPK Array Kit (Catalog # ARY002B). (rh) IGF-I (Catalog # 291-G1) for 1 hour. Cells treated with rhIGF-I either received a 1 Membranes were exposed to X-ray fi lm (left) and histograms were generated from pixel hour pre-treatment with the PI 3-Kinase inhibitor, LY 294002 (Catalog # 1130), or density measurements (right). SW480 Carbonic Anhydrase IX EpCAM/TROP-1 SW480 SW620 ) 3 40 Tenascin C GM-CSF HGF R 30 SW620 20 10 Protein ExpressionProtein Density (Pixel x10 0 Carbonic Anhydrase IX EpCAM/TROP-1 GM-CSF HGF R Tenascin C Detection of Multiple Oncology-related Proteins in Cell Culture Supernates. Supernates determine the relative expression levels of 84 cancer-related proteins. Membranes were collected from SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and SW620 were exposed to X-ray fi lm (left) and histograms were generated from pixel density human colorectal adenocarcinoma metastatic site cells. The supernates were analyzed measurements (right). using the Proteome Profi ler™ Human XL Oncology Array (Catalog # ARY026) to Learn more | rndsystems.com/proteomeprofi ler ELISAs for Intracellular Targets Cell-Based ELISA Assays: Analysis of Intact Cells • Measure phosphorylated and total protein levels in the same well • Utilize with either adherent or suspension cells • Culture cells and perform the assay in the same wells • Begin with as few as 10,000 cells per well A B Untreated IGF-I Untreated 3.12 6.25 12.5 25 IGF-I Concentration (ng/mL) 2000 1200 p-Akt (S473) 1600 Akt 800 1200 800 400 400 Phospho-Akt (Normalized RFU) Phospho-Akt (Normalized Phospho-Akt (Normalized RFU) 0 0 0 3.12 6.25 12.5 25 0 0.1 0.3 1 3 10 IGF-I (ng/mL) LY 294002 (µM) Measurement of Akt Phosphorylation in MCF-7 Cells. MCF-7 human breast minutes (B). After fi xation of cells in the wells, phospho-Akt (S473) levels were adenocarcinoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of Recombinant determined and normalized total Akt levels in the same well using the Human/Mouse/ Human (rh) IGF-I (Catalog # 291-G1) for 20 minutes (A), or were pretreated for 10 Rat Phospho-Akt (S473) Pan Specifi c Cell-Based ELISA (Catalog # KCB887). minutes with the indicated concentrations of the PI 3-Kinase inhibitor LY 294002 Phosphorylated (S473) Akt and total Akt were also detected by Western blot (A; inset) (Catalog # 1130) and then incubated with no additions or with 25 ng/mL rhIGF-I for 20 using the antibodies supplied in the kit. DuoSet® IC (Intracellular) ELISA Development Systems: Customizable to Your Needs • Utilize our validated matched antibody pairs, buffers, and protein • Optimize multiple experimental parameters in a single plate standards • Benefi t from the sensitivity and specifi city of a sandwich ELISA Uninduced 5 20 60 Untreated 5 20 60 240 p-Akt p-GSK-3 100 12 Akt GSK-3 80 cells) 6 10 cells) 6 0 1 r e 60 8 p g n 40 6 4 20 Phospho-Akt ( 2 0 Phospho-GSK-3α/β (ng per 10 Uninduced 5 20 60 0 Untreated 5 20 60 240 Time with IGF-I (minutes) PMA (minutes) Quantifi cation of Phospho-Akt in MCF-7 Cells. MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma Quantifi cation of Phospho-GSK-3a/b in Hela Cells. HeLa human cervical epithelial cells were treated with 100 ng/mL of Recombinant Human IGF-I (Catalog # 291-G1) for carcinoma cells were induced with 200 nM PMA (Catalog # 1201). The levels of the indicated times. The levels of phospho-Akt (S473) were quantifi ed using the phospho-GSK-3a/b (S21/S9) were quantifi ed using the Phospho-GSK-3a/b (S21/S9) Phospho- Akt (S473) Pan Specifi c DuoSet® IC Kit (Catalog # DYC887B) and by Western DuoSet® IC Kit (Catalog # DYC2630) and by Western blot (inset). blot (inset). Learn more | rndsystems.com/ELISAs R&D Systems® Antibodies Our Antibodies Are Highly Specifi c Antibodies for Hard-To-Find Mutant Targets MCF-7 MCF-7NIH-3T3 + + CPT – + – – IGF-I kDa – + CIP kDa – – – + PDGF-BB 113 93 p-TOR 65 kDa HCC287 NCl-H1650 A431 250 (S2448) 250 150 40 p-PRAS40 EGF R/ErbB1 100 (T246) 150 (E746-A750 deletion) 75 100 50 24 75 18 50 Detection of Phospho-TOR and Phospho-PRAS40 by Western Blot. (A) MCF-7 human 37 breast cancer cells were treated with Camptothecin (CPT) (Catalog # 1100) for 5 25 hours. Lysates were run on SDS-PAGE in duplicate and transferred to PVDF 20 membranes. One membrane was untreated (-) and the other was treated (+) with CIP for 1 hour. Both membranes were probed with Rat Anti-Human Phospho-TOR (S2448) Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB1665) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Rat IgG EGF R/ErbB1 150 Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF005). (B) MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fi broblast cells were untreated (-) or treated (+) with Recombinant Human IGF-I (Catalog # 291-G1) for 20 minutes and Recombinant Detection of Human EGF R/ErbB1 (aa 746-750 deletion) by Western Blot. Lysates Human PDGF-BB (Catalog # 220-BB) for 5 minutes, respectively. PVDF membranes from HCC827 human non-small cell lung cancer cells, HCT-116 human colorectal were probed with Mouse Anti-Human Phospho-PRAS40 (T246) Monoclonal Antibody carcinoma cells, and A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells were run on SDS-PAGE (Catalog # MAB6890) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody and transferred to a PVDF membrane. The membrane was probed with Mouse Anti- (Catalog # HAF018). Human EGF R/ErbB1 (aa 746-750 deletion) Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # MAB8336) followed by HRP-conjugated Anti-Mouse IgG Secondary Antibody (Catalog # HAF018). A specifi c band was detected for EGF R/ErbB1 (aa 746-750 deletion) at approximately 170 kDa (as indicated). For additional reference, total EGF R/ErbB1 Highly Validated ICC Antibodies was detected using Goat Anti-Human EGF R/ErbB1 Antigen Affi nity-purifi ed Polyclonal Antibody (lower panel, Catalog # AF231). Great Selection of Directly Conjugated, Phospho-Specifi c Antibodies for Flow Cytometry 50 40 30 20 Relative Cell Number Relative 10 Beclin 1/ATG6 in HeLa Cells. Beclin 1/ATG6 was detected in immersion fi xed HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cells using Sheep Anti-Human/Mouse Beclin 1/ 0 ATG6 Antigen Affi nity-purifi ed Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # AF5295). Cells were 100 101 102 103 stained using the NorthernLights™ 557-conjugated Anti-Sheep IgG Secondary Phospho-Akt (S473) Antibody (yellow; Catalog # NL010) and counterstained with DAPI (blue).
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